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8/14/2019 Allegany County (MD) Emergency Response and Crisis Management Grant Evaluation, 2005-2007
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Emergency Response and
Crisis Management Grant Evaluation2005-07
Emergency Response and
Crisis Management Grant Evaluation2005-07
eQuotient, Inc.
803 Trost Avenue
Cumberland, MD 21502
http://www.equotient.net
e-mail: [email protected]
May 31, 2007
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Emergency Response andCrisis Management Grant Evaluation, 2005-07
eQuotient, Inc.803 Trost AvenueCumberland, MD 21502http://www.equotient.net
e-mail: [email protected]
May 31, 2007
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Emergency Response and Crisis Management Grant Evaluation, 2005-07
Table o ContentsList o tables, gures, and appendices ................................... ii-iii
1.0 Introduction..................................................................................................................1
2.0 Evaluation.....................................................................................................................3
3.0 ProjectManagement......................................................................................................7
4.0 ProessionalDevelopment.............................................................................................9
5.0 EmergencyPlans.........................................................................................................12
6.0 EmergencyDrills.........................................................................................................16
7.0 Communication,Collaboration,andCommunityOutreach.......................................20
8.0 PerceptionoSchoolsEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagementPlans..................26
9.0 SummaryandConclusions..........................................................................................29
Reerences....................................................................................................................31
Appendices..................................................................................................................32
List o Tables
able2.1 EvaluationFramework..................................................................................... 4-6
able4.1 GrantrainingCharacteristics...........................................................................10
able4.2 eacher/StarainingSurveyResults................................................................11
able4.3 SecretariesrainingSurveyResults....................................................................11
able5.1 EmergencyPlanCompleteness..........................................................................13
able5.2 SchoolVulnerabilityAssessments.......................................................................14
able6.1 PublicSchoolEmergencyDrillLockdownData(N=19),percentageototalandmean.................18
able7.1 ActivityLevelsoPartners..................................................................................21
able7.2 IndicatorsoCollaborationSuccess...................................................................22
able7.3 SchoolSaetyCouncilAssessment.....................................................................22
able7.4 CrisisPlanningPerormanceAreasAssessment............................................ 23-24
able7.5 OverallSatisactionwithGrant,percentageototal...........................................24
able8.1 EectiveSchoolsClimateSurveyorParents....................................................27
able8.2 EectiveSchoolClimateSurveyoreachers.....................................................28
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1.0 Introduction
TeAlleganyCountypublicschoolsystemsEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagement(ERCM)projectwasdesignedtoimprovesaety,security,anddisasterplanning,recovery,andresponseor31publicandprivateschoolsinAlleganyCounty.ProvidingSaeandDrugFreeschoolsisanimportantcomponentotheNoChildLetBehindActo2001andeachschoolreceivingundingunderitleIV is required to have a crisis management plan. Although the Allegany County Public Schoolsystemhadsuchplans,assessmentsconductedin2004revealedthatimprovementswereneededtothemanagement,stang,planning,inrastructure,anddocumentationotheschoolcrisisresponse(AlleganyCountyBoardoEducation2004). Furthermore,vulnerabilityassessmentsconductedinaJune2004Allegany County Schools Vulnerability Surveyoreachschoollocationrevealedaneedto
mitigate various vulnerabilities including such things as unsecured doors, proximity to hazardousmaterials,proximitytooodplains,andlackomultipleevacuationroutes.
InFall2004,theAlleganyCountyBoardoEducation(BOE)wasawardedaEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagementgrantromtheU.S.DepartmentoEducationOceoSaeandDrug-FreeSchoolsortheamounto$247,414.Matchingundsandin-kindcontributionso$66,754wereprovidedbytheBOE.Teproposedprojectinvolvedamultiacetedstrategytoaddressgapsincrisispreparednessandemergencyresponsewiththeollowingelements:
Hiringaull-timeprojectcoordinatortomanagetheproject;
Improvingcoordinationbetweenschoolsandlocalemergency(police,fre,HomelandSecurityservices)throughtheSchoolSaetyCounciltoimproveemergencyresponse;
Developingandpublishingwrittenschool-basedandCountywideemergencyplanstoguidevariousaspectsocrisisresponse;
rainingSchoolSaetyCouncil,administrators,teachersandstainhazardidentifcationandcrisisresponse;
rainingstudentsonaspectsothenewplan;
SupplyinghazardkitssuchasraumaBagsandGoKitstoindividualschoolsandclassrooms;
Conductingtwolarge-scaleemergencydrills(oneatapublicschoolandanotherataprivateschool)andnumeroustable-topdrillstoevaluateemergencypreparedness;
UpgradingthetelephoneemergencycommunicationsthroughtheALLCONEIIwirelesssysteminordertoimprovetheabilitytocommunicatebetweenrespondersandschools;
Broadcastingschoolinormationthroughanewcountywidetelevisionchannel;
Conductingcommunityoutreachtoincreasecrisisplanningawarenessandtoadvertisethesuccessesothegrantthroughappropriatemediaoutlets.
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Tisreportincludesareviewothevariouscomponentsothemanagementplanandanevaluationoexpectedandactualoutcomesotheproject.Italsoaddressesbeneftsotheprojectthatexceedthescopeotheprojectandevaluatesthelikelihoodthattheprojectcanbesustainedatcurrentlevelsintheuture.
Tereportisdividedintotheollowingsections.Tenextsectiondiscussestheevaluationrameworkproposedinthegrantapplicationortheprojectandprovidesasummaryoresearchfndings.TethirdsectionreviewssuccessinrealizingvariousmilestonesandschedulesorservicedeliverydescribedintheManagementPlan.Teseincludethecomponentsostang,trainingconsultantsandmaterials,
andequipmentpurchases.Teourthsectiondescribesproessionaldevelopmentactivitiesthatweresponsoredbythegrantandparticipantsatisactionwiththistraining.TeseactivitiesincludetraininginvolvingSchool Saety Councilmembers, Board o Educationadministrators,teachers, sta,andstudents. Tefth section reviews the System and School EmergencyPlans or completeness andconormitywiththegoalsotheERCMgrantandintegrationintotheAlleganyCountyEmergencyPlan. Te sixth section addresses the various types odrills that were incorporated into the newemergencyplansandprovidessummaryevaluationsotwomajorschooldrills:onebasedatBraddockMiddleSchoolandanotherdrillatSt.MichaelsSchool.Teseventhsectionevaluatesthequalityocommunicationandcollaborationduringthegrantperiod.Componentsothisinclude:communicationsystems interoperability, School Saety Council collaboration, and community outreach/publicityeorts.TeeighthsectiondiscusseschangesinSchoolSaetyCouncil,parent,andteacherawarenessandconfdenceinschoolsaetymeasuresthatresultedromgrantactivities.Tefnalsectionincludes
asummaryothereportanddescribeshowtheimprovementswillbesustainedintheuture.
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2.0 Evaluation
TisreportexaminesthedegreetowhichgoalsoutlinedintheAlleganyCountyEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagementgrantproposalweremet.Teareasoparticularconcernarestatedonpage19otheproposalanddescribedintable2.1below.Inbrie,theproposalindicatesthegrantwouldprovideproessionaldevelopmentcenteredaroundnewEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagementplans,osternewcollaborativepartnershipswithcounty/state/ederalagencies,increasethenumbero
hazardsaddressedanimproveemergencyresponse,anddevelopcapacitiestohelpsustaintheprogramintotheuture.Teprojectwouldalsoadheretoamanagementplaninwhichcertainmilestonesorserviceprovision,purchasing,staandstudentdevelopment,communityawareness,internalreview,andexternalreportingweremet.
Avarietyoquantitativeandqualitativemeasuresareusedtoassessprojecteectiveness.Mostothesemeasuresareobtainedromrecordskeptbyprogramstaandormalsurveys.Copiesothelatterareprovidedinthereportappendicesandwillbereerencedelsewhereinthereport.
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Table 2.1 Evaluation Framework
Objectives Data Sources Intended Outcomes Actual Outcomes
DeliverqualityproessionaldevelopmentbasedonthenewAllegany
CountyEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagementplan.
Pre-andpost-testsoteacherandguidancecounselorknowledge/needor
andunderstandingonewemergencyplans.
Implementationonewplan.
Participationratesinon-linetraining.
Reviewsonewschoolplans.
Awarenessocommunitytelevision
channelandwirelesstelephonesystem.
eacher,guidancecounselor,studentandparentperceptions.
eachersapplynewknowledgeasdemonstratedinlessonplans,teaching
strategies.eachersexpresschangedattitudesandincreasedcomortwithusingnewemergencyplans.
eachersdemonstrateprofciencywithawareness.
eachersintegrate
newprocessesintotheirplansandmethodology.
rainingparticipationbyteachers,sta,andstudentsexceededgrantmilestones.
eachersandstatrainingsatisactionsurveysindicatesatisactionwithtraining.
Expandedandmorecomprehensiveschool-baseddrillsprovideevidenceoimprovedcoordinationandresponse.
eacherpre-andpostsurveysindicatesaetyenvironment,emergencyplans,andcrisispreparationimproved.
Parentpre-andpostsurveysindicatesaetyenvironment,emergencyplans,
andcrisispreparationimproved.
continued on next page
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Objectives Data Sources Intended Outcomes Actual Outcomes
Developandmaintainstrongcollaborativepartnershipswithcounty/state/ederalagencies.
InteractionsandrelationshipsthroughobservationsPartnerInterviewsCollaborationSel-Evaluationool.
Commitmenttocommongoals.
Makingandcarryingoutdecisions.
Sustainingrelationships.
Sharingownership
andaccountabilityorresults.
School,schoolsystemandpartnersupportortheprogram.
Partnersagreedthattheyunderstoodtheirroles,havegoodrelationships,andhaveclearandeectivedecisionmakingprocedures.
Partnersagreethatstrategiesograntwereimplementedanddemonstratedpositiveoutcomes.
Increasenumberohazardsaddressedandimproveresponsetimeandqualityoresponse.
NewschoolEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagementplans.
Evaluationsopracticedrills/exercises.
Evaluationsopartners.
Evaluationotabletopdrills.
Increasedparticipantknowledgeopotentialcrisissituationsasdemonstratedinsimulatedcrisisdrills.
Increasedparticipantperormanceasmeasuredby2003baselineschoolemergencyplans.
Increasedparticipantattitudesandappreciationorimprovedcrisismanagement.
NewschoolPlansaddressapproximately50dierenthazardscomparedtoonly10inoldschoolplans.
Emergencydrillsprovideevidenceoimprovedresponseandcoordination.
eacherpre-andpostsurveysindicatesaetyenvironment,emergencyplans,andcrisispreparationimproved.
Parentpre-andpostsurveysindicatesaetyenvironment,emergencyplans,andcrisispreparationimproved.
Table 2.1 Evaluation Framework continued rom previous page
continued on next page
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Objectives Data Sources Intended Outcomes Actual Outcomes
Developresourcesusedtoreplicateandsustaintheprogram.
raumabags.
On-lineFEMAcourses.
Localschoolsystemresourceandproductsupport.
Wirelesstelephonesystemor9locations.
NewEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagementplans.
DevelopmentotrainingandmaterialsthatcanbeusedtosustainandextendtheProgram.
raumabagspurchasedandinstalled.
On-lineFEMAcoursespromotionoccurred.
Wirelesstelephonesysteminstalledor11
schools.NewEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagementPlanscreatedoreachschool,centraloce,andsystem.
rainedSchoolSaetyCouncilmemberswillcontinuestatrainingintheuture.
Source: Allegany County Board of Education (2004)
Insubsequentsections,thisreportaddressesthethreeEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagement(ERCM)GovernmentPerormanceandResultsAct(GPRA)measures.Teseinclude:(1)Demonstrationoincreasednumberohazardsaddressedbytheimprovedschoolemergencyresponseplanascomparedtothebaselineplan,(2)Demonstrationoimprovedresponsetimeandqualityoresponsetopracticedrillsandsimulatedcrises,(3)Aplanor,andcommitmentto,thesustainabilityandcontinuousimprovementoschoolemergencyresponseplansbythedistrictandcommunitypartnersbeyondtheperiodoFederalfnancialassistant.
Table 2.1 Evaluation Framework continued rom previous page
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3.0 Project Management
3.1 Stafng
Tegrantwasadministeredbyaull-timeCoordinatorwhowasprojectedbythegrantapplicationtobeginemploymentinSeptember2004.However,thereweredelaysintheprocessosecuringunds and coordinating with other agencies involved in the Coordinator hiring decision,includingtheAlleganyCountyGovernment.Teactualhire,Mr.oddLake,aretiredU.S.Navycommissionedocerwithexperienceinsaetyandriskmanagement,occurrednearly6
monthslaterinFebruary2005andworkcommencedinspring2005.DelaysinthisprocesslaterrequiredthattheprojectbeextendedbyapproximatelyoneyearMr.Lakeworkedull-timeuntilDecember2006andswitchedtopart-timeemploymentduringthefnal3monthsotheprojectin2007.Additionaladministrativesupport(includingtheservicesoanadministrativeassistant)wasprovidedwithintheOceoHealthandFamilyLie.
PriortotheERCMgrant,theBoardoEducationhadnotbeenabletoemployaull-timesecurity/emergencydirector/plannerbecauseoundinglimitations. Tegrantenabledthispositiontobeundedona temporarybasistodevelopinstitutionalcapacityandthereaterpermitexistingpersonneltocoordinatetheprocessesthatweredevelopedduringthegrantperiod(e.g.,regularreviewoEmergencyPlans).
TegrantwascoordinatedinconjunctionwiththePublicSchoolSaetyCouncilwhichchangeditsnametotheSchoolSaetyCouncil.Tischangewasmadetoreectitschargeocoordinatingsaetymeasuresorallpublicandprivateschoolsasspecifedingrantandresultedintheexpansionomembershiptoincludeadministratorsromthoseschools.TeCouncilincludesseveralPublicSchool Administrators including the Director o Emergency Management (odd Lake), theransportation Supervisor, theMaintenance Supervisor, andthe Plant Operations Supervisor.TeCouncilmembershiprepresentsawidecross-sectionoareaagenciesincludingrepresentativesromlocallawenorcement,emergencyresponders,health,andmentalhealth.Membershipalsoincludesparentsandstudentsthoughattendancebythesememberswassporadic.Membersothebusinessandcommunityarenotcurrentlyincludedinthemembership,buttheywerekeptapprisedoschoolsaetyissuesthroughcommunityoutreachactivitiesdescribedelsewhere.
Te School Saety Council meets on a monthly basis, the last Tursday o every month.Recordsindicatethatmembershipparticipationimprovedduringtheperiodotheexecutionothegrant.Inormalobservationsuggeststhatgrantsponsoredactivitiesheightenedinterestinattendingthemeetings.
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3.2 Training Consultants and Materials
Teprojectadoptedatrainthetrainerapproachtostaandstudenttraining.NinemembersotheSchoolSecurityCouncil,includingfrstresponders,theLocalEmergencyManagementDirector,HeadoSchoolSecurity,andAssistantSupervisoroHealthandFamilyLieobtainedEmergency Response and Crisis Management training in a Emittsburg, Maryland workshopprovidedby BruceMarshall oMarshall ASA onMay1-5.Marshall isa retired Chieo theSupportSystemsBranchintherainingDivisionoFEMAsPreparednessDirectorateandwasresponsibleorFEMAtrainingactivitiesthere. Asaprivateconsultant,heisacertifedtrainerorFEMAsMulti-HazardEmergencyPlanningorSchools. TecurriculumwasbasedontheFederalEmergencyManagement AgencymanualMulti-Hazard Emergency Planning for Schools
rain-the-rainer.
Tecoregrouptrainedatthisworkshopwascertifedtotrainothers.MarshallconductedthefrstseveralsessionsbutthereatertrainingwasprovidedbythemorschoolteachersandstaatAlleganyCollege oMarylandondatesdescribed inSection 4.1 below. Tetrainingutilizeda manual,PowerPointpresentation,andthevideoTe First wenty Minutes.rainingparticipantsreceivedavarietyocoursematerials.TeseincludedtheFEMAstudentmanuals,EmergencyPlanningGuidelines alongwith school EmergencyPlan template, a copy othe Governor oColoradosColumbine Commission Report (http://www.state.co.us/columbine/Columbine_20Report_WEB.pd),andacopyothebrochure Practical Information on Crisis Planning: A Guide for Schools andCommunities.rainingemphasizedallourphasesocrisismanagement(mitigation/prevention,preparedness,responseandrecovery).Participantsintheoriginaltrainingwerealsobrieedonthe
availabilityoonlinecoursestudymaterialsattheFEMAEmergencyManagementInstitutewebsite(http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/crslist.asp).
Amodifedcurriculumwasoeredtoselectedothergroups.Forinstance,trainingwasextendedtoschoolsecretaries(notoutlinedintheoriginalgrantproposal)whichincludedspecializedtrainingonskillsordealingwithranticphonecallsduringemergenciesandprovidingbasicawarenessaboutschool emergency planningpreparedness such as the various typesoschool drills andtheirrationales.StudentvolunteerswererecruitedortrainingthatwasconductedatFrostburgStateUniversity.PresentationsweregivenontheAlleganyCountySchoolsemergencyplansandemergencydrills.Studentsalsoparticipatedintabletopexercises.
Someadjustmentsincurriculum,trainingdelivery,andparticipationdescribedintheoriginal
grantapplicationoccurredduringtheproject.Forinstance,guidancecounselorsparticipatedalongwithotherstainstatraining.However,theywerenotutilizedtotrainothersasspecifedinthegrant.Inaddition,ront-linestasuchasbusdrivers,custodians,andschoolcaeteriaworkerswereincludedinstatraining.Tiswasnotdescribedinthegrantapplicationbutatleastonegrantreereeremarkedabouttheirexclusion. Finally,thegrantapplicationindicatedthatcurriculumandtrainingwouldbebasedonmaterialsobtainedromtheRenewCenterorPersonalRecovery(http://www.renew.net)buttheMarshallASAtrainingalignedbetterwiththeobjectivesotheproject.
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3.3 Equipment Purchases
Arelativelysmallportionothegrantwasdedicatedtoequipmentandtechnologypurchases.Tegrantspecifedthat9schoolswouldreceivewirelessequipmentorschoolstoenablearobustwirelesscommunicationnetworktobeinstalledtoassistincrisisresponse.Duringthegrantperiod,11schoolsreceivedtheequipment.Teyincludedtheollowingschools:AlleganyHighSchool,BraddockMiddleSchool,CashValleyElementary,CareerandechnicalCenter,EckhartSchool(AlternativeSchool),FrostElementary,GeorgesCreekElementary,ParksideElementary,SouthPennElementary,WashingtonMiddleSchool,andWestSideElementary.
EachschoolwasequippedwitharaumaBagandeachschoolclassroomreceivedanemergencykit.rainingregardingthepurposeanduseothesematerialswereprovidedtoteachers,sta,
andstudents.
4.0 Proessional Development
Responder,staandteachertrainingwasacentralpartotheERCMgrant.TistrainingwasbasedontheMulti-hazardEmergencyplanningcurriculumandwasdesignedtobothincreaseawarenessandtohelpschoolsdevelopaproperemergencyresponse.rainingoccurredthroughoutthegrantperiodand
wasoeredinavarietyotimeandthematicormatsthatmettheneedsodierentaudiences.Tissectionreviewsparticipationlevelsandsatisactionwiththetrainingactivities.
4.1 Participation
rainingDates,topics,andattendancenumbersorthegrantperiodareshownintable4.1.Tegrantapplicationspecifedthat150teachers/guidancecounselorswouldbetrainedasaresultothegrant.Inactuality,approximately3 timesasmanyteachersandstaedweretrained.Tistotalincludesapproximately250teachersandanadditional200othersta(includingprincipals,schoolnurses,guidancecounselors,secretaries,receptionists,custodians,busdrivers,andcaeteriaworks). Forsomeothesessions, staromotheragencies were invitedtoattend. So, theirattendancewillbereectedintheattendancetotals(517intotal).Tegrantalsospecifedthat150 students (p. 12) would be trained. Approximately 200 students were actually trained.Although online independent study courses available at the FEMA Emergency ManagementInstitutewebsitewerepromotedduringvariouspresentations,nodocumentationwasavailabletosupportthatthesestudycourseswereusedbyteachersandsta.Also,thereisnoevidencethatparentswereincludedweretrainedinEmergencyResponse. However,outreachactivitieswereconductedtoamiliarizeparentsandthecommunitywiththeenhancedEmergencypreparationplansthatwerebeingimplemented.
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Table 4.1 Grant Training Characteristics
Date Location Topic Attendance
April26-27,2005 AlleganyCollegeoMarylandMulti-HazardEmergency
Planning50eachday
May1-5,2005 Emittsburg,MDEmergencyPlanning
rainingeam9people
May19-20,200 FederalCorrectionalInstitutionMulti-HazardEmergency
Planning50eachday
Aug2,3,2005 AlleganyCollegeoMarylandMulti-HazardEmergency
Planning
20day1;
30day2
Aug10-11,2005 AlleganyCollegeoMarylandMulti-HazardEmergency
Planning27day1;30day2
Aug22,2005 AlleganyCountyHealthDept.Condensedcourseto23
schoolnurses25
Sep9,2005 AlleganyCollegeoMaryland
CondensedCourseorBOEDirectors
Supervisors,andKeyPersonnel
12
June14-15,2006 AlleganyCollegeoMarylandMulti-Hazardemergency
planningtraining38
June28-29,2006 AlleganyCollegeoMarylandMulti-Hazardemergency
planningtraining40
July19-20,2006 AlleganyCollegeoMarylandMulti-HazardEmergency
planningtraining27
Aug9-10,2006 AlleganyCollegeoMarylandMulti-HazardEmergency
Planningtraining44
January192007 Secretarytraining 73
February1-22007 FrostburgStateUniversity Studentraining102day1;94day2
March26-27,2007 CommunityEmergencyResponseraining(CER)
12
March30,2007
CentralOceReceptionistraining
onEmergencycommunicationand
coordination
30
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4.2 Satisfaction with Training
eacherandstatrainingparticipantswereprovidedeedbacksurveyorms(seeAppendixA.1oracopyotheeacher/StasurveyormandAppendixA.2ortheSecretarytrainingorm)attheconclusionothetrainingsessions.Resultsromthesesurveys(seetables4.2and4.3)indicateahighlevelosatisactionwiththetrainingwithallotheparticipantsreportingthatthetrainingwasgoodorbetter.
Table 4.2 Teacher/Staf Training Survey Results
# %Excellent(5) 99 54.40
Verygood(4) 74 40.66
Good(3) 9 4.95
Fair(2) 0 0.00
Poor(1) 0 0.00
Mean 4.49 100.00
Table 4.3 Secretaries Training Survey Results, percentages o Total (N=37)
Excellent Good Fair Poor Mean
Didtodayssessionmeetallotheobjectivesotheagenda?
86.49 13.51 0.00 0.003.86
Howwelldidthesessionmeetyourobjectives?
81.08 18.92 0 0 3.81
Wastheinormationpresentednewanduseul?
75.68 24.32 0 0 3.76
Weretodaystopicscoveredinenoughdetail?
81.08 18.92 0 0 3.81
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5.0 Emergency Plans
WrittenEmergencyPlansoreachschoolwereavailablepriortothisgrant. However,theplansdidnotaddressthevariousrequirementsomoderncrisismanagementincludinganIncidentCommandSystem,accommodationortheourphasesoEmergencyManagement,andpreparationsoravarietyodrillscenarios.Teoriginalplanswerebasedonanad-hoctemplatedevelopedbyBeallHighPrincipal,Mr.GregSmith,andincludedpreparationdetailsoronlytwodrills,evacuationandlock-downandaddressed onlyten threats/hazards (i.e.,bomb threat/bombing, drive-byshooting,death/homicide,weapons/shooting on campus, trespassing/intruder, intrudes inside building, hostage, kidnapping,intrudersoutsidebuilding,hazardousmaterials).Tesehazardswerenottailoredtotheneedsand
circumstancesoeachschoolbutwereidentifedassystem-widethreatsandschoolemergencyplansadoptedacommonrubric.
Duringthegrantperiod,newEmergencyPlanswerecreatedoreachpublicandprivateschoolusingtheMulti-Hazard Emergency Planning for SchoolscurriculumandguidelinesprovidedinanEmergencyPlanning Guidelines for Schools(BOE2005)thatwasdistributedtoparticipatingschoolpersonnel.TesematerialsareavailableromtheU.S.DepartmentoEducationandaddressallourphasesocrisisplanning,includingmitigation,preparedness,response,andrecovery.TeGuideincludedfvechapterswhichcoverbackgroundinormationuseulindevelopingaplan:Chapter1--thedutiesandresponsibilitiesokeyschoolpersonnel;Chapter2keycharacteristicsoanEmergencyPlanandadescriptionotheSchoolincidentcommandsystem;Chapter3 theourphasesocrisisplanning;Chapter4preparingorterroristattacks;andChapter5howtoconductvariouskindsodrillsandtestsorpracticingtheplan.
TeappendixalsocontainsaschoolEmergencyPlantemplatewhichcanbeadaptedbyindividualschools. Tetemplaterequiredthatschoolsprovidecustomizedinormationintheollowingareas:(1)Introduction--alistoagenciesthatwillreceivedcopiesothedocument,andastatementbytheschoolprincipalabouttheimportanceocrisisplanning;(2)RiskAnalysis--avulnerabilityanalysiso school hazards likelihood and seriousness, (3) Planning a description o the school IncidentCommand System Structure and responsibilities o key administrators and sta, (4) Response guidelinesorcontactingEmergencydispatchers,inormationonestablishingancommandpost,anemergencychecklist,anddescriptionsolockdown,evacuation,andremaininginplaceprocedures,(5)MediaProceduresguidelinesormediarelationsandalistolocalmediacontacts,(6)Parent/Student
Reunifcationrulesandproceduresorreleasingchildrentothecustodyotheirparents,(7)Recoveryinormationontheissuesthatstawilllikelydealwithinrecoveringromanemergencysuchasgrieving,(8)ContactInormationphonenumbersorkeyEmergencypersonnelandschoolocesandaddressesandphonenumbersorevacuationsites,(9)StaRecallphonenumbersoreachschoolteacherandmembero sta,(10)EmergencyPhoneNumbers,(11)eletree ahierarchicalschoolpersonnelcontactlisttoensurethateachstamemberstaysinormed,(12)StaPersonalInormation
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acompletelistostamembersalongwiththeirhomecontactinormationandcontactinormationortheirspouses/guardians,(13)FloorPlansaoorlayoutoreachoorintheschoolacility,and(14)StaChecklistachecklisttobeusedintheeventoemergencies.BecausetheCentralOcehasnostudents,itsEmergencyPlandoesnotincludesectionspertinenttostudentmanagement.
Areviewoindividualschoolplansrevealedthattheyhadmostlyadheredcloselytotheguidelines.However,someexpectedelementsweremissing. Arepresentativeplanisincludedin AppendixA.3othisreport.Detailsaboutrecoveryactivitiesaretheleastspecifcbecausetheyaretobecoordinatedby Central Oce sta and involve certifed counselors. able 5.1 provides an assessment o thecompletenessoplansastheyrelatetoeaturesrecommendedinMulti-Hazard Emergency Planning forSchools rain the rainer.
Table 5.1 Emergency Plan Completeness
Do Plans Include? Sections
1.Whenitwillbeactivatedandbywhom? Planning
2.Generalareasoresponsibility,byposition? Planning
3.HowschoolpersonnelwillworkwiththelocalEmergencyManagerandfrstresponders?
Response
4.Astatementconcerningliabilityissues? N/A
5.Howtheresponsewillbecoordinatedandbywhom?Response
6.Howschoolpersonnelwillcommunicate? eletree
7.Howparentsandotherswillbenotifedthatanemergencyexists? N/A
8.Whowilldealwiththemediaandhow? MediaProcedures
9.Whenanevacuationwillbeordered? Mitigation
10.Howshelteringwillbeaccomplished? Response
11.Howstudentsandstawillbeprovidewithood,medicalcare,andotheressentialsupplies?
Response
12.Howtheschoolwilllocate,obtain,anddistributeresources? Response
13.Proceduresorassessinganddocumentingdamage? Response
14.Proceduresorconductingsearchandrescueoperations? Response
15.Proceduresorstudent/parentreunifcation? Parent/StudentReunifcation
Source: FEMA. 2006. Multi-Hazard Emergency Planning for Schools rain-the-rainer
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Teplansalsoshowanincreaseinthenumberovulnerabilitiesaddressedbytheschoolsystemasawhole.Amajorobjectiveasstatedinthegrantapplicationwastoincreasethescopeovulnerabilitiesaddressed rom merely intruders, suicide and bomb threats and expand the total number ovulnerabilitiesaddressedrom8to48.IncreasingthenumberovulnerabilitiesaddressedisalsoanERCMGPRAperormancemeasure.
able5.2indicatesthatthisobjectivewasachievedwith50totalvulnerabilitiesidentifed,includingnaturaldisasters,humancauseddisasters(e.g.,chemicalspills),crimeandviolence,andterrorism.
Table 5.2 School Vulnerability Assessments
Accesstoskillbldg-multipleentrances/exits Highwayaccident/spill
Agitatedstudent/parent Huntingaccident
Aircratcrash Lossopower
Bankrobbery Maintenanceshedspill
Blizzard/Snow/Ice Majorschoolincident
Bombthreat Missingchild
Bus/vehicleaccident Naturaldisaster
Chemicalleak(rail) Non-custodialparent
Chemicalspill Oiltanks
Chemicalmixbad Pandemicu
Contaminatedmail PrisonescapeCourthouseincident Railroad/trainderailment
Electricalwiring Severeweather
Explosioninschool Shootercriminal
Explosioninnearbystore Snake/animalbite
Explosioninactory Strayanimals
Fire(school) Studentkidnapping
Fire(orest) Studentwithweapon
Flood errorist
Gunmaninbuilding Treateningperson
Hazmattruckspill/explosion ornado
Hostage racaccident
Internal-boilers,gaslines Violentchild
Interior-machinery,chemicals,tools Wildanimal
Intruder Winddamage
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Asmentionedearlier,ratherthanadoptacommontemplate,eachschoolsel-identifedvulnerabilitiesbasedonindividualriskassessments.Terearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagestothisbottom-upapproach.Teadvantageisthatschoolsaremorelikelytoidentiyuniquesituationsorcircumstancesthataectschoolemergencypreparedness(e.g.,thepresenceoanearbyrailroad,risksoashooding).Tedisadvantageothismethodisthatschoolsmayoverlooksomecommonthreatsorvulnerabilitiesorthatvulnerabilitiesareassessedinawaywhichareinconsistentromschooltoschool(e.g.,aewschoolsdidnotidentiyabuildingfreorbusaccidentsasvulnerabilitieseventhoughtheyhavearelativelyhighlikelihoodooccurrenceandseverityeverywhere).Tisoccurreddespitethepreparationoadocument(EmergencyPlanningGuideline,July1,2005)which(Chapter3,page4)statedthatAtaminimum,theollowinghazardsmustbeaddressedinyourschoolsemergencyplan:chemicalspill,
fre,explosion,bombthreat,terrorism,toincludeachemicalorbiologicalattackandanattackagainstlocalmilitaryinstallations, schoolviolence,toincludeanarmedintruder,anycommercialendeavorthatdealsinhazardousorexplosivematerial(Forexample,AKorthepapermill),tornado,majorwinter storm, severe lighteningstorm, civil disturbance, losso electricity, losso communication,busaccident,any communityincidentthat willadverselyimpact theemotional wellbeingo staandstudents,suicideostaorstudent,deathoStaorstudent,kidnapping).Giventhissituation,schooladministratorsorSchoolSaetyCouncilmembersshouldconsiderprovidingadditionaltop-downguidancetoprincipalsinrevisingtheschool-basedvulnerabilityassessmentsinthenextyear.
hisevaluationwasnotabletodeterminetowhatdegreetheBoardoEducationEmergencyPlans are integrated into the County-wide Emergency plan. he County plan is posted at:http://www.eplan.allconet.org butitisorinternaluseonlyandaccessisrestrictedtodesignated
school,County,andpublicsaetypersonnel.However,projectstaindicatedthattheplansareacknowledgedandreerencedinthisCountyplan.
Severalothergapsareidentifedintheemergencyplans.First,manyplansdonotaddresstheneedsospecialpopulationssuchasdisabledstudents.Forinstance,BeallElementary,whichisnothandicapaccessible, makes no reerence to either its special populations or their unique communication,transportation,andmedicalneeds(p.13,grantapplication).Second,plansweresupposedtoaddresshowtheschoolswouldbepreparedtostandaloneorupto72hours(EmergencyPlanningGuideline,July1,2005,Chapter3,page4)butthisisnotreerencedintheEmergencyPlans.Tird,BoardoEducation(BOE)reportingproceduresollowingincidentsordrillsisnotdocumented,eventhoughanEmergencyResponseForm(seeAppendixA.4)hasbeencreatedorthispurpose.Fourth,thepartsotheSchoolplansthataddressRecoveryindicatethattheBOEwillsetthedirectionorrecoveryactivities.However,therewasnodocumentationavailablethatshowedhowthevariousmedical,inrastructure,insurance,liabilityissuesmightbeaddressedduringtherecoveryphase.
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6.0 Drills
Duringthegrantperiod,publicandprivateschoolpersonnelwereintroducedtonewdrillmethodsandtabletopdrilltechniques.Inaddition,amajordisasterdrillwasconductedatBraddockMiddleSchoolandsmallerscaledrillwasperormedatSt.Michaelsprivateschool.Duringtheall2006,thepublicschoolsystemconducteditsfrstsystem-widelockdownoall23schools.Documentationromtheseexercisessuggeststhatmanylessonswerelearnedbyschoolpersonnelandemergencyrespondersandthatemergencyresponsehasbenefted.However,noquantitativeevidencewasavailablethatshowedimprovedresponsetimesorimprovedqualityoresponse.
6.1 Types and Frequency o Emergency Drills.
Priortothegrant,theschoolsconductedwhatcouldbedescribedastraditionalfredrillsandanoccasionallockdown.Terewerenoevacuationdrills.Now,avarietyodierenttypesodrills(responsepostures)areconductedonaregularbasisincludingtheollowing:
Evacuation/re drills.Tisdrillpreparedstudentstoleavethebuildingquicklyandsaelyintheeventoafreorotherdangerousconditionwithinthebuilding.
Reverse Evacuation drills.Studentsreturntotheschoolromtheoutsideinordertoavoidadangeroussituationoutside.
Lockdown drills. Studentsarelockedwithinindividualschoolclassroomsinordertoprotectagainstdangerousindividualsinsideoroutsidetheschoolbuilding.
Lock-In drills.Entrydoorsortheschoolarelockedandingressandegressarepreventedtoprotectagainstdangerousindividualsoutsidetheschoolbuilding.
Shelter-in-Place drills.Studentsmovetoasecurepartothebuildingwheredoorsandwindowscanbecoveredtoprotectagainstdangeroussubstancesandvapors.
Drop, Cover, and Hold drills.Studentsfndasecureplacewithintheclassroomandcrouchtoprotectagainstyingorallingobjects.
Schoolbasedemergencyplansindicatethatthattheschoolswillconductmonthlyfredrillseachyearandeachotheremainingdrillsatleastonceduringtheyear.
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6.2 Tabletop Drills
Troughoutthegrantperiod,awidevarietyotabletopdrillswereconductedtoimproveEmergencyPreparedness.Inthesedrills,anemergencyscenariowasdescribedandparticipantswereaskedtoprovideadetaileddescriptionohowtheywouldreacttothescenario(seeAppendixA.5).Schoolbasedemergencyplansindicatethatschoolswillconductatleasttwotabletopdrillseachyear.
6.3 Braddock Middle School Evacuation Drill
TepublicschoolevacuationdrillwasconductedatBraddockMiddleSchool.Tedrillinvolved15localagencies,includingAlleganyCountyEmergencyServicesandcommunication,Allegany
CountyHealthDepartment,AlleganyCountySherisOce,AlleganyHighSchool,AlleganyCounty Board o Education, Braddock Middle School, Community Crisis Response eam,CumberlandCityFireDepartment,CumberlandCityPoliceDepartment,HazardousIncidentResponseeam,LocalEmergencyMedicalServices,MarylandStatePolice,andWesternMarylandHealthSystems.
Tedrillscenariowasaterroristattackinvolvingastolencropdusterwhichdispenses80gallonsoatoxicliquidsubstanceonstudentsandthencrashesintotheschoolgym.Tedrillwasprecededbyseveralplanningmeetingswiththeparticipatingagenciesandtwotabletopexercises.Parentalandcommunityawarenessothedrillwasconductedthroughnewsmediastories(seeAppendixA.6),parentalnotifcationandpermissionorms,andaneighborhoodyer.Teactual
drillwasheldonOctober11,2005withotherpublicschoolsinvokingalock-downduringthetimethatthedrilloccurred.FormalassessmentothelockdownswasconductedusingtheormincludedinAppendixA.7.
able6.1summarizestheresultsothedrilllockdownsurveyo19publicandprivateschools.Overall,therewasahighlevelosatisactionwiththelock-downdrills.However,someproblemswereidentifed,particularlyincommunications.Someprincipalsidentifedthepagingsystemasaproblemarea(seeAppendixA.8).Atypicalresponse:Pagingsystemwasgarbledattimes.Messageneedtobeshorteranddirectionsgivenimmediately.Otherprincipalsindicatedthattwo-wayradioswereeectivewaysocommunicatingwiththeCentralOceandtheIncidentCommandSystem.However,notall schoolshadthesedevicesandsomeschoolsthathadthemindicatedtheycouldusemoreothem.Someparticipatingschoolsusedcellphonesorcommunicationbut
oundthatbatteryliewastoolimitedorcontinueduse.Ahanduloschoolsreportedproblemswithindividualdoorsandwindowsthatpreventedthemromachievingacompletelock-down.
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AnassessmentotheBraddockDrillbyparticipatingagencieswasconductedaterthedrill.Writtensuggestionsorimprovementsweremadeinanumberoareas.Teroleotheschoolnurse,needoradditionaladjustmentstoimproveinternalcommunications,needtoimprovecommunicationsinteroperability,andneedtoprovidebetterguidelinesorcommunicatingwiththepublicwereidentifed.Agenciesalsosuggestedthattheamountopersonnelandcommunicationresourcesavailablewereinadequateorthiskindoemergencybutaddressingthesequestionsisbeyondthescopeothisgrant.
Table 6.1 Public School Emergency Drill Lockdown Data (N=19), percentage o total and mean.
(3) (2) (1) Mean
Planning
EmergencyPlanningeamEstablished 68 32 0 2.68
EmergencyPlaninPlace 63 37 0 2.63
Lockdowndutiesandresponsibilitiesexplainedtosta 79 16 5 2.73
StudentsrainedonLockdownResponse 74 26 0 2.73
Parentsinormed/educatedonlockdownresponse 63 37 0 2.63
Response
Communicationto/romcentraloce(PagingSystem) 48 26 26 1.78
imelydecisiontolockdownmade 79 21 0 2.78
ICSActivated 68 32 0 2.68
LockdownAnnouncement/notifcation 84 16 0 2.84
Lockdownexecutedasplanned 79 21 0 2.78
Lockdownevaluated 84 11 5 2.78
Lockdownendedpertheplan 74 16 11 2.63
Recovery
Lessonslearnedinputromsta 72 28 0 2.72
Lessonslearnedinputromstudents 56 28 17 2.38Lettersenthometoparentsexplainingthedrill 63 26 11 2.52
Emergencyplanmodifedbasedonlessonslearned 67 33 0 2.66
3=Outstanding, 2=Satisactory, 1=Needs Improvement
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6.4 St. Michaels Private School Drill
St.MichaelsElementarySchoolwasselectedasthesiteotheprivateschoolevacuationdrill.TedrillconductedonNovember14,2006wasoamuchsmallerscale(areweragenciesandpartnersinvolvedandarewerstudentsimpacted)thantheBraddockevacuationdrillbutstillrequiredadvancedplanning.TedrillwasprecededbytwoplanningmeetingsandtwotabletopdrillswithotherparticipatingagenciesincludingFrostElementaryBishopWalsh,AlleganyCountyBoardoEducation,FrostburgCityPolice,andFrostburgStateUniversity.
Tedrillscenarioinvolvedapoweroutagethatresultedinlossoelectricandheatattheschool
acility.TeschoolinvokeditsEmergencyPlanandconductedabusevacuationtoFrostElementarySchool.WhenstudentsromSt.Michaelsarrived,FrostElementaryconductedalock-downdrill.Responsesrombothelementaryschoolsindicatedthatthedrillproceededwell.However,therewassomeconusiononthepartoFrostElementaryabouthowtodismissstudentswhoseparentsarriveduringalock-downsituation.
6.5 Drill Improved Response Time and Quality o Response
No documentation is available or individual schools on how response times and quality oresponsetopracticedrillsandsimulationswereimprovedasaresultothegrant.However,severalschoolprincipalsreportedthatresponsetimesand/orqualityoresponseimprovedbecauseothetraininganddrillproceduresintroducedbythegrant.
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7.0 Communication and Collaboration
AnimportantgoalotheERCMgrantwastoimproveinteragencycommunicationandcollaboration.Tiswasaccomplishedthroughavarietyomethods,includingtheadoptionoanICS,telecommunicationsequipmentpurchases,regularmeetingsotheSchoolSaetyCouncil,andPublicity/Marketing/Outreacheorts.Accomplishmentsintheseareasaredocumentedintheollowingsubsections.
7.1 Communication systems and interoperability
Atthebeginningothegrantperiod,theAlleganyCountyBoardoEducationadoptedaNIMS
(NationalIncidentManagementSystem)resolution.TeIncidentCommandSystembecametheorganizationalstructurearoundwhichinternalandexternalcommunicationcoalescedandthechainocommandwasormalizedduringemergencyresponse.Inaddition,severalinvestmentsintelecommunications and radiosystems capacitywere leveragedby grant unds to improveemergencycommunicationamongschoolsta,withfrstresponders,andwithmembersothepublic.Teseimprovementsandplannedimprovementsareasollows:
Wireless system improvements.Becausewirelessaccessisrelativelyspottyinthemountainousareasothecounty,11schoolsreceivedwirelesssystemupgrades.
Pagers. Key central oice sta use pagers to obtain immediate inormation aboutemergencysituations.
Portable two way radios.TeAlleganyCountyDepartmentoPublicSaetyandHomelandSecurityprovided30handheldportabletwowayradiosandchargerstotheBoardoEducation.EachschoolandkeyCentralOcestawillreceiveoneradiotocommunicatewithfrstrespondersandinotherswithintheICS.
Cell phones.TeBoardoEducationisexploringthepossibilityoprovidingschoolandkeycentralocestawithcellphonestoimprovecommunications.
Base radio stations. TeBoardoEducationisinvestigatingthepossibilityopurchasingbaseradiostationswhichwouldbeinstalledinschoolandotherBOEbuildingstoprovidea
permanentbasisorcommunicatingwithfrstresponders.Grantundsarebeingsoughtorthesepurchases.
Cable Television Broadcasts. Memoranda o Understanding are being developedwiththethreeAlleganyCountycableproviderstoprovideanintegratedCounty-wideGovernmentAccesschanneltoprovideEmergencyCommunicationsmessagestothepublic.EquipmentpurchasesweremadeinMarch2007andtheequipmentwillbeinstalledattheCareerCenterinCresaptown.
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7. 2 Collaboration
Te coordinating or steering entity or the ECRM project was the School Saety Council.Tereore,thisbodyconductedasel-assessmentattheconclusionotheproject.InMarch2007,a surveyocollaborationeectivenesswasconductedtogaugetheextentocooperationandcommunicationamong participants andagencies included onthe School Saety CouncilandtomeasuretheirsatisactionthattheECRMgranthadachieveditsobjectives.TissurveyisincludedinAppendixA.9.Elevenresponseswerereceived.
able7.1indicatesthatallbutoneotherespondentsindicatedthattheywereatleastsomewhat
activeduringthegrantperiod.able7.2providesevidencethatcouncilmembersweresatisfedwiththemakeupotheCouncil,thatmemberscommunicatedclearlyduringmeetings,andthattheyunderstoodthegoalsotheproject.Membersalsoagreedthatthecouncilhadclearandeectivedecisionmakingprocesses,thatmembersunderstoodtheirroles,andthatmembershaverelationshipsbuiltontrustandmutualrespect.ResultsindicatedthatsomemembershadlittlecontactwithotherSchoolSaetymembersbetweenmeetings.Tatmakesattendanceatregularlyscheduledmeetingsthatmuchmoreimportant.
Table 7.1 Activity Levels o Partners
# %
Veryactive 7 63.64
Somewhatactive 3 27.27Notveryactive 1 9.09
Inactive
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Table 7.2 Indicators o Collaboration Success
% Agree
TecompositionotheSaetyCouncilteamwasrightorthisprogram. 100
TecompositionotheSaetyCouncilisappropriateormakingEmergencyManagementdecisions.
100
TeSaetyCouncilcommunicatedopenlyandclearlyduringmeetings. 100
TeSaetyCouncilcommunicatedopenlyandclearlybetweenmeetings. 73
MembersotheSaetyCouncilestablishedinormalcommunicationnetworks(e-mailcommunication,phonecalls,etc.).
64
MembersotheSaetyCouncilstahaverelationshipsbuiltontrustandmutualrespect. 91
IunderstandthegoalsandobjectivesotheEmergencyResponseandCrisisManagementproject.
100
Iunderstandmyrolesandresponsibilitiesasamemberothisproject. 91
TeSaetyCouncilhasclearandeectivedecisionmakingprocedures. 91
able7.3showsSchoolSaetyCouncilassessmentsothesuccessotheproject.MembersotheSchoolSaetyCouncilwereinagreementthatthegrantstrategieshadbeenimplementedandthattheyweredemonstratingpositiveoutcomes.TeyalsoindicatedthatcommunityawarenessoCrisisManagementhadincreasedduringthegrantperiod.
Table 7.3 School Saety Council Assessment
% Agree
CommunityawarenessoCrisisManagementhasincreasedinthepastyear. 90
Resourcesorthisprojectwereadequatetomeetobjectives. 70
Testrategiesothisgranthavebeenimplemented. 100
Testrategiesothisgrantaredemonstratingpositiveoutcomes. 100
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Membersappraisedtwelvedierentareasograntperormance.Teseresultsarepresentedintable7.4.TeyindicatethatmembersweresatisfedwiththecompletenessotheEmergencyPlansthatweredevelopedduringthegrantperiodandthattheseplansaddressedagreaternumberohazards.TeyalsoagreedthattheICSwaseectiveandthatcoordinationamongschoolsandemergencyserviceshadimproved.Someareasratedbelowa3(Good),includingQualityoStudentraining,PlanningorSpecialNeedsstudents,andQualityoPagingCommunicationSystem.Sincestudenttrainingoccurredtowardstheendothegrantperiod(February2007),membersmayhavenotbeenadequatelybrieedabouttheextentandresultsostudenttraining.Deectsinthepagingcommunicationsystemwerebeingaddressedwithanimprovedpagerproceduresandalsosupplementaltelecommunicationsequipmentsuchascellphonesandportabletwowayradios.Despitetheseconcerns,table7.5indicatesthatallothesurveyedSchoolSaetymembersweresatisfedwiththegrant
Table 7.4. Crisis Planning Perormance Areas Assessment, percentage o total.
(4) (3) (2) (1) (0)
Excellent Good Minimal Inadequate NA
Completenessoschoolemergencyresponseplans(3.45)
45.45 54.55 0.00 0.00 0.00
Demonstrationoincreasednumberohazardsaddressedbynewschoolemergencyresponseplans(3.36)
36.36 63.64 0.00 0.00 0.00
Demonstrationoimprovedcoordinationbetweenschoolsandlocalemergencyservices(e.g.,police,fre,healthsystem,HomelandSecurity)(3.54)
54.55 45.55 0.00 0.00 0.00
Qualityostatraining(3.30) 45.55 27.27 18.18 0.0 9.09
Qualityostudenttraining(2.89) 27.27 27.27 18.18 9.09 18.18
InclusionoFirstRespondersinplanning(3.27)
36.36 54.55 9.09 0.0 0.0
PlanningorSpecialNeedsstudents(2.82)
27.27 27.27 45.45 0.0 0.0
Demonstrationoimprovedresponsetimeandqualityoresponsetopracticedrillsandsimulatedcrises(3.36)
36.36 63.64 0.0 0.0 0.0
continued on next page
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(4) (3) (2) (1) (0)
Excellent Good Minimal Inadequate NA
Plansandcommitmentbytheschooldistrictandcommunitypartnersortheemergencyresponseplanstobesustainedbeyondthegrantundingperiod(3.18)
36.36 54.55 0.00 9.09 0.00
IntegrationotheSchoolEmergencyPlansintotheCountyEmergencyPlan(3.18)
27.27 63.64 9.09 0.00 0.00
EectivenessotheIncidentCommandSystem(ICS)(3.45)
45.45 54.55 0.00 0.00 0.00
Qualityothepagingcommunicationsystem(2.89)
0.00 72.73 9.09 0.00 18.18
Table 7.5 Overall Satisaction with the Grant, percentage o total.
VerySatisfed 27.27
Satisfed 72.73
SomewhatSatisfed 0.00
SomewhatDissatisfed 0.00
Notsatisfedatall 0.00
BecauseothepartnershipsthatormedandinormationthatwassharedamongSchoolSaetyCouncilmembers,additionalresourcesweresecuredthatstrengthenedgrantobjectives.Teyincludetheollowing:
AsaresultotheBraddockMiddleSchoolEmergencyDrill,theHealthDepartmentmadechangesinthesupplyomedicationsavailableorEmergencyresponse.
WithundingromtheMarylandInstituteoEmergencyMedicalServices,theStatePolicewere able to develop a Virtual Emergency Response System (MVERS) or Mt. SavageElementary/MiddleSchool.Tegrantprovidedsmartcarlaptops,sotware,andtrainingtodevelopthecapability.StatepoliceflmedtheinterioroMt.SavageElementary/MiddleSchoolinpanoramiccameraflm/videoinordertoprovideacompletelayoutothebuildingthatwouldbeavailabletomultiplerespondersintheeventoanemergencysituation.
Table 7.4. Crisis Planning Perormance Areas Assessment, percentage o total.continued rom previous page
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TeAlleganyCountyEmergencyManagementOceispurchasingportableradios(12-18)tohelpschoolscommunicatebetterwithfrstrespondersintheeventoanemergency.
TeAlleganyCountySchoolBoardissecuringundsortheinstallationosecuritycamerasattheentrance(s)opublicschools.TegoalistohaveeachschoolinthesystemcoveredbycamerasinFY08.
TeAlleganyCountyHomelandSecurityOcehelpedtoosetsomeothecostsotheBraddockMiddleSchooldrill.
3.3 Publicity
During the year, the Grant project director disseminated inormation about the enhancedemergencypreparednesseortstopartners,schoolpersonnel,students,and thegeneralpublic.Beore each o the two major school based drills, major news stories appeared in the localnewspaper,theCumberlandimes-News,andlocalradiostations(seeAppendixA.6).Parentsoschoolpupilsinvolvedintheexercisesandneighborhoodresidentswerekeptapprisedothedrillsthroughleaetannouncements.Inaddition,theprojectdirectormadeseveralpresentationstolocalciviccommunitygroupssuchastheKiwanisandLionsClubs.
Withgrant unds,enhancedpublicitywasalsoprovidedorthe1-800-IP-US-OFF24hoursHELPLINE(seeAppendixA.10).Fundswereusedtohelpderaythecostoyerproduction
andabillboard.Inaddition,announcementspreparedbyschoolchildrenwereregularlyairedonWCBCradiostation.
Severalpublicityeortswerenotcompletedintheirentiretyduringthegrantperiod.Teprevioussections discuss that eorts continue in implementing the regionally integrated Communityelevisionchannelwhichwillbeusedtobroadcastemergencymessagesalongwithothercontent.Inaddition,anERCMwebsiteortheAlleganyCountyBoardoEducationwasnotunctionalby the end o the grant. Although there was an opportunity to publicize better emergencypreparednesstoparentssuchastheneedorhomestobeequippedwithHomeEmergencyKits,itdoesnotappearthattherewereanyinitiativesundertakeninthisarea.
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8.0 Perception o Schools EmergencyResponse and Crisis Management Plans
Pre-andpost-testsurveyswereconductedoteachersandparentstomeasureattitudechangestowardemergencyresponseandcrisismanagementthatresultedromthegrant.Tepre-testparentssurveyconsistedoasubsetoninequestionsthatmeasuredaSaeandOrderlyEnvironmentthatwereincludedwithina50itemEective SchoolsClimate Survey that was mailedduring May 2005toparentsochildrenenrolledinAlleganyCountypublicschoolsduringtheschoolyear(seeAppendixA.11). 1,382surveysweresentand198werereturnedora14.3%returnrate.A parallel86item
teachersquestionnairewith12SaeandOrderlyEnvironmentquestionswasadministeredtoAlleganyCountypublicschoolteachersatthesametime(seeAppendixA.12).820surveyssenttoallteachersand632werereturnedora77%returnrate.
TeEectiveSchoolsSurveyisconductedeveryyearinordertoassessparentandstasatisactionwithpublicschools.TeSaeandOrderlyEnvironmentsectionwassupplementedtoincludeindicatorsthatcouldbeusedtoassesstheprojectimpact.Duringthe2006schoolsurvey,however,theeacherSurveywasnotconductedandtheParentSurveyscaleandquestionsweremodifedmakingitdiculttoconductapost-test.Also,manyproessionaldevelopmentanddrillactivitieshadnotbeencompleted
which made itdicult toassess the ull project impact. Tereore, a post-test survey or parentsaddressingonlytheSaeandOrderlyEnvironmentusingthesameitemscalewasmailedtoarandomsampleo1,000parentsinFebruary2007andanonlinesurveyoBOEteachersusingthesame
questionsasthespring2005eachersurveywaspostedinMarch2007.Tesesurveysalsoincludedsectionsorparentsandteacherstoincludeopen-endedresponses(seeAppendixA.13andA.14).TeresponserateortheParentSurveywas26.1%with261usablesurveysreturned.Teresponserateorthepost-testteachersurveywasexactlythesameasthepretestwith632completedonlinesurveys.
Teresults o the parent surveyare shownin table 8.1. It indicatedthat there was a signifcantimprovement in parent attitudes in areas related to EmergencyResponseandCrisis Management.Fitypercentoparentsindicatedinthepre-testsurveythatcrisisandemergencyresponseplansareadequateorhis/herchildsschool.Tisincreasedtoovertwo-thirdsinthepost-testsurvey.Teresultwasstatisticallysignifcantatthe =.01level.Signifcantimprovementswerealsoobservedinthepercentageoparentswhoreportedthatschoolshadadequatelypreparedoraschoolcrisisand/or
emergency andthatschoolshad adequatelypreparedor terroristattack, naturaldisasters, andhuman-causeddisasters.Teseimprovementsappearalsotohaveimprovedparentattitudesaboutoverallschoolsaety,withsignifcantlymoreparentsagreeingthattheirchildeelssaeatschool.Parentperceptionsorareasnotaddressedbythegrant,includingdrug,alcohol,andtobaccouse,didnotsignifcantlychange.
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Open-endedcommentsromparentsarelistedinAppendixA.15.Manyothesecommentsreectavorably onthechangesthathavebeenmadeduringthe grantperiod. Inaddition, someparentidentifedvulnerabilitiesthattheyeltstillneededtobeaddressedsuchassecuringandsurveillanceoschoolentryareasandproceduresorschooldismissal.AlthoughnotdirectlyrelatedtoERCM,schoolbullyinganddrugswerealsoidentifedbysomeparentsasproblems.Someparentswereskepticalthataneectivepreparednessplancouldbedevelopedandothersexpressedsomeinterestinknowingmoreabouttheschooldistrictsemergencypreparednessplans.
Table 8.1 Efective Schools Climate Survey or Parents, percentage agreeing
Pre Post
Mychildeelssaeatschool. 72.1 86.6***
+Crimeandviolenceisnotaprobleminmychildsschool. 69.4 61.5*
Mychildsschoolprovidesasaeandorderlyenvironment. 72.1 73.7
Tecrisisandemergencyresponseplansareadequateormychildsschool. 50.8 67.8***
Mychildsschoolhasadequatelyprepared(drills,exercises)oraschoolcrisisand/oremergency.
56.9 76.8***
Mychildsschoolisadequatelypreparedtorespondtoaterroristattack. 32.0 42.9**
Mychildsschoolisadequatelypreparedtorespondtonaturaldisasters. 33.2 53.1***
Mychildsschoolisadequatelypreparedtorespondtohuman-causeddisasters. 30.8 50.0***
Mychildsschoolisdrug,alcoholandtobaccoree. 49.0 49.6
+Question3wasstatedasollowsinthesurvey:Crimeandviolenceisaproblematmychildsschool.Soasnottoskewresults,statementisreversedromthisreport.
***=.01;**=.05;*=.10
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eachersurveyresultsareshownintable8.2.Teresultsareremarkablysimilartotheparentresponses.eachersexpressedmoreconfdenceinthecrisisandemergencyresponseplansandpreparedness.Teyexpressedincreasedagreementthatstudentsandstaellsae.Incontracttoparents,theywerealsomorelikelytoreportthattheschoolprovidesasaeandorderlyenvironmentinthepost-testsurveys.Onceagain,nodierenceswerenoticeableorareasnotimpacteddirectlybythegrantsuchasdrug,alcoholandtobaccouse,crimeandviolence,orstudentinvolvementinsettingclassroomrules.
AppendixA.16listsopen-endedcommentsoeredbyteachersonthepost-testsurvey.Manycommentsreectimprovedconfdenceinemergencyresponseplanning.However,someteachersindicatedthattheywereunamiliarwithplansandaewexpressedskepticismabouttheabilitytobeullypreparedoremergencies.Someteachersindicatedthattheydidnothavegokitsavailableintheirclassroom.Othersidentifedcommunicationproblemsandentrancestobuildingsthathavenotbeenadequatelysecured.
Table 8.2 Efective School Climate Survey or Teachers, percentage agreeing.
Pre Post
Tisschoolprovidesasaeandorderlyenvironment. 86.0 95.9***
Studentsandstaeelsaeinthisschool. 83.7 94.8***
Tephysicalappearanceothisschoolbuildingandgroundsisgenerallyneat,clean,andattractive.
82.9 89.4***
Crimeandviolenceisnotaprobleminthisschool. 81.0 81.0Tecrisisandemergencyresponseplanisadequateorthisschool. 72.1 86.2***
Tisschoolhasadequatelyprepared(drills,exercises)ortheschoolcrisisandemergencyresponseplan.
75.5 86.7***
Studentsareinvolvedinhelpingtodecideclassroomrulesandregulations. 63.4 63.6
Tisschoolisadequatelypreparedtorespondtoaterroristattack. 47.7 55.1***
Tisschoolisadequatelypreparedtorespondtoanaturaldisasters. 58.9 72.6***
eachersareconfdentthatstudentsaresaeandsecureinschool. 80.5 88.4***
Tisschoolisdrug,alcoholandtobaccoree. 69.1 69.1
***=.01;**=.05;*=.10
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9.0 Summary and Conclusion
TisEvaluationReportprovidessupportthatthestrategiesothegranthavegenerallybeenimplemented.Terehavebeensomedelaysinimplementingundingandhiring,butoncetheprojectwasputinmotion,theManagementPlanwasadheredtowithonlyahandulomodifcations.
Tegrantresultedinsystemicchangestothewaythatlocalschoolsprepareandrespondtoemergencies.TeBoardoEducationadoptedaNIMS(NationalIncidentManagementSystem)resolution,orgedcloserrelationshipswithlocalemergencyproviders,enhanceditstelecommunicationsequipmentorbetteremergencycommunicationand interoperability, revampedits EmergencyPlansto align withcurrentEmergencyResponsemodels,providedcomprehensivestaandstudenttraining,conductedavarietyonewemergencydrills,andconductedadditionalcommunityoutreachactivities.
Inaewinstances,grantobjectiveswerenotullyachieved.Forinstance,althoughequipmentwaspurchasedoraCommunityWideChannel,asitewasoundtohosttheequipment,andagreementsweresecuredorairingthebroadcasts,thechannelwasnotoperatingbytheendothegrantperiod(March31,2007).Inaddition,aprojectorEmergencyManagementandCrisisManagementwebsitewasnotconstructed. AlthoughrevisedSchoolEmergencyPlansincludemanyimprovements,somegapsremain.Finally,therewasnoidentifableassessmentsysteminplacethatquantifesthetimelinessodrillandemergencyresponses.
Insomeareas,theprojectwellexceededitsgoals.Approximatelythreetimesasmanypersonnelweretrainedasaresultothegrantthanwereprojected.Inaddition,dozensooutsideagencypersonnelweretrainedaswell.Fitymorestudentsweretrainedthanprojected.Furthermore,theSchoolSaetyCouncilwasaneectiveconduitinsecuringadditionalresourcestoenhancetheproject.Teseincludedundstoderaythecostsotheproject(e.g.,drills,radios)andundstocreatepanoramicvideootheinterioroschoolbuildings(MVERS)toprovideinormationaboutthelayoutobuildingtobeavailableintheeventoanemergency.
Surveyresultsindicatethatawarenessandsatisactionwiththeschoolsystemsemergencypreparednessimproved during the grant period. Surveys o sta and student participants show high rates osatisactionwiththetraining.Beoreandatersurveysoparentsandteachersshowsizeableshitsinsatisactionwiththeschoolboardsplans,drills,anddisasterpreparedness.SchoolSaetyCouncil
memberswerealsoinagreementthatthestrategieswereimplemented,wereeective,andthatthecommunitywasmoreaware.
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Althoughparentssatisactionimproved,theyexpressedsomeconcernsaboutcertainschoolsaetyissues.Forinstance,schoolentryandschooldismissalwerevulnerabilitiesthatmanyparentseltstillneededtobeaddressed.Althoughnotdirectlyrelatedtothisgrant,schoolbullyinganddrugswerealsoidentifedbysomeparentsasproblems.Someparentswereskepticalthataneectivepreparednessplancouldbedevelopedandothersexpressedsomeinterestinknowingmoreabouttheschooldistrictsemergencypreparednessplans.Someteachersreportedthattheywerestillunamiliarwithemergencyresponseplans,thatcommunicationissueswithintheICSsystemremain,thatgokitmaterialshadnotreachedthem,andthatcertainentranceshadnotbeenadequatelysecured.ConcernswereexpressedbyCouncil
memberstooorinstancethattheresourceswerenotadequateorthetask,thatcommunicationinteroperabilityproblems(inparticularthepagingsystem)remain,thatspecialneedsstudentsarenotadequatelyaddressedincrisisplanning,andthattheprojectmaynotbesustainablewithoutaninusionoadditionalresourcesromthoseplannedatthattime.
Withtheexpirationothegrant,theAlleganyCountyBoardoEducationhasidentifedaprocesstosustainthesystemoEmergencyPlanreviewandrevision,trainingandschooldrillsosteredbytheplan.Tegrant-undeddirectorpositionwillbediscontinued,butariskmanagementpositionundedorFY08hasapparentlybeencreatedtoassumehismajorresponsibilities.Inaddition,eachyeartheAlleganyCountySchoolSaetyCouncilandSchoolSuperintendentwillreviewtheEmergencyPlanningGuidelinesmanualandmakesrecommendationsorchanges.Tesechangeswouldthen
beadoptedinrevisedschool-basedplans.Eachschool-basedEmergencyPlanwillbeupdatedonanannualbasisbyschoolprincipals.rainingwillbeprovidedonanannualbasisbySchoolCouncilmemberswhohavebeentrainedinERCMmethodsandonlinecoursematerialswillbepromoted.
Teschoolsystemwillbebetterabletoevaluatetheeectivenessoitsemergencypreparednesswithnewevaluationmeasures.Boththeparentandteacherschoolclimatesurveyshavebeenrevisedtoincludepermanentemergencypreparednessquestions.Tiswillallowtheschoolsuperintendenttotrackprogressonthesemeasures.Priortothegrant,thesesurveyquestionscenteredprimarilyaroundtobaccouse,drugs,andcrimeissues.
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Reerences
AlleganyCountyBoardoEducation.2004.Emergency Response and Crisis Management Proposal.July8,2004.
AlleganyCountyBoardoEducation.Emergency Planning Guidelines.July1,2005.
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APPENDIX A.1TEACHER/STAFF TRAINING SURVEY
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A Penny For Your Thoughts
What I didnt like:What I liked:
I Learned:
5 Excellent
4 - Very Good
3 Good
2-Fair
1-Poor
Please rate
how this day
met yourneeds:
I would change: I would like to know more about
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APPENDIX A.2SECRETARY TRAINING SURVEY
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT
WORKSHOP
Allegany College of Maryland, Continuing Education
Cumberland, MD 21502
January 19, 2007
EVALUATION
For each of the following areas, please indicate your reaction:
EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR POOR
Did todays session meet all
of the objectives of the agenda? ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
How well did the session
meet your expectations? ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Was the information presented
new and useful? ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Were todays topics covered
in enough detail? ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
What was the most valuable aspect of todays meeting?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
How could the meeting have been improved?
What information do you still require?_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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APPENDIX A.3SCHOOL EMERGENCY PLAN
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APPENDIX A.4EMERGENCY RESPONSE FORM
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APPENDIX A.5SAMPLE TABLETOP DRILL
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APPENDIX A.6NEWS STORIES
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APPENDIX A.7BRADDOCK MIDDLE SCHOOLDRILL ASSESSMENT FORMS
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Board of Education of Allegany County
Lockdown Drill Report
School: __________________________
Incident Commander: ______________________________
Date: _____________
Time Drill Called: _____________
Time Lockdown Achieved: ___________
AREA Outstanding Satisfactory Needs Improvement
Planning
Emergency Planning Team
Established
Emergency Plan in Place
Lockdown duties and
responsibilities explained to
staff.
Students Trained on
Lockdown Response
Parents informed/educated on
lockdown response
Response
Communication to/from
central office (Paging System)
Timely decision to lockdown
made
ICS Activated
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AREA Outstanding Satisfactory Needs Improvement
Lockdown
Announcement/Notification
Lockdown executed as
planned
Lockdown Evaluated
Lockdown ended per the plan
Recovery
Lessons Learned input from
staff.
Lessons Learned input from
students.
Letter sent home to parents
explaining the drill.
Emergency Plan modified
based on Lessons Learned
1. Please explain all elements marked Needs Improvement.
A. Planning:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
B. Response:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
C. Recovery:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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2. Please list all material conditions that prevented you from being able to lock
down. (IE, doors that do not lock, 1st
floor windows without shades, etc)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Other Comments:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Completed by: _________________________ (Please Print)
Date: ______________
Central Office Routing:
Initials: Comments
________ Todd Lake, Emergency Planning ________________________________
________ Lorelee Farrell, Asst Supervisor, School Safety _____________________
________ Larry Lancaster, Asst. Supervisor Operations ______________________
________ Wayne Belloff, Maintenance Supervisor ____________________________
________ Vince Montana, Facilities Director _________________________________
________ John Wagoner, Asst Superintendent _______________________________
________ Dr. AuMiller, Superintendent _____________________________________
________ Kim Coleman-Hotchkins, Secretary
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APPENDIX A.8SCHOOL LOCKDOWN COMMENTS
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PLANNING
Planwasinplace.(AlleganyHighSchool)
Wedidnotreceivethepagemessagetolockdown.Ieltweshoulddothelockdownanywayorthepractice.(Flintstone)
Tiswasthefrstdrill.Everythingwentwell.(Flintstone)
Althoughalettertotheparentswassenthomeromthecentraloce,therewerestillmanyparentconcernsandquestions.Itmayhavebeenhelpulortheschooltohavereceivedacopyotheexactletterthatwassenttoparents.(ParksideElementary)
Inhonoroschoollunchweek,parentshadbeeninvitedtoeatlunchwithstudents.Schoolstahadbeenassuredthatthedrillwouldbecompleteby11:00a.m. atwhichtimeparentswereexpectedtoarrive.Itisunderstoodbyschoolstathatitisnecessarytoperormdrillsinordertobeprepared;however,asthiswasthefrstdrillothistype,thisunexpecteddrillcreatedconusionandresultedinsomeparentsexpressingangerandrustration.(ParksideElementary)
Weoundaneedtoplanormanagingveryyoungordisabledstudentsduringlongerlock-downs(e.g.,fndingaquietareaawayromthegroup,etc.).Weneedtoreviewlock-downvs.dropandcoverprocedureswithatleastoneteacher.(WestsideElementary)
RESPONSE
Paginginowasbrokenandhardtoreadpercommunication!(AlleganyHighSchool)
Pagerswereincomplete.(AlternativeSchool)
Pagingsystemwasgarbledattimes.Messageneedtobeshorteranddirectionsgivenimmediately.(BeallHighSchool)
CommunicationromCentralOceneedimproved.Tecallerdidnotidentiyherselanddidnotleaveaphonenumber.Tereore,wedidntknowwhotocallback.(BishopWalsh)
Communicationor2nddrillcameromSr.Phyllispager.Notanyconusionthistime.Staandstudentsseemedtotakethisdrillmoreseriouslysinceitwasunexpected.(BishopWalsh)
Communicationonthebeeperneedstobeclear.oomanymessages.Somemessageswerejustcharacters.Westartedwhatseemedtobesoonerthanothers.(CalvaryChristianAcademy)
eachersandstudentsreactedquickly.Aterdrillteachersdiscussedwithstudentstheirconcerns.(Flintstone)
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Te frst lockdowns communication was successul. All areas utilized had walkie-talkiesto communicate to the central oce. Te second lockdown utilized more areas o thebuildingandthoseadditionalareas didnothaveaccess towalkie-talkies or communication.(GeorgesCreekElementary)
Schoolneedstobemorepromptwithitsevaluationodrill.(LighthouseChristianAcademy)
Sincetheprincipalwasunabletoattendtheinitialmeetingaboutthepager,directionsoritsuseweresomewhatconusing.Wewentintolockdownpriorto thedirectivethatsaidLockdownnow. It was dicult or us to understand themessages that were being displayed on thepager.Again,itwasrelatedtonotbeingamiliarwiththepagerandhowtouseitproperly.(WesternportElementary)
Communicationromcentralocewasoutstandingbuttocentraloceonourpartsatisactory.Mainlymyault,Iplacedthepageronmyprincipalsdeskaterthefrstlockdown.Imissedthesecondlockdown.Lessonlearned.(WestmarHigh)
oomanylongermessagesonpagerarehardtokeeptracko/manage.Whene-mailmessageissentromtheschoolconfrmingthatthelockdownhasbeenachieved,weneedtoreceiveacknowledgementthatthemessagewasreceived.WedidnothaveaprocedurecalledLock-Inprepared.Ithisistobeused,wellneedtoaddit.(WestSideElementary)
RECOVERY
Wedidnotdoaormalevaluationorthedrillromthestudents.WedidnotsendhomealetterollowingthedrillbutwearehavingaparentmeetingwithoddLakeonNovember2ndtodiscussourplan.(BishopWalsh)
Noormalstudenteedbackonlyverbal.(BishopWalsh)
Noissuesseemedtoarise.(CalvaryChristianAcademy)
School needs to be more prompt with its interview o students ollowing drill.(LighthouseChristianAcademy)
ASaetyNightisbeingdiscussedinordertogivemoreinormationregardingemergencyplanto
studentsandparents.(ParksideElementary)
Terewereparentsinthelobbyduetotheschoollunchweekvisitandsomeparentswereallowingotherparentstoentertheschoolduringthedrill.Terewasntclearcommunicationastowhyparentsoutsidethebuildingwerenotpermittedtoenter.(ParksideElementary)
Classroom teacher inormally solicited eedback rom students. However, eedbackwas notdocumentedanddiscussedwithsta.Ateruturedrills,wewillprovidestudenteedbackanddiscussionduringastameeting.(SouthPenn)
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OTHER COMMENTS
TeMassCasualtyDrillwasagreatlearningexperienceorus.WhileIeltweoperatedeectivelyorthemostpart,therearesomerealproblemsandconcernsweacewhenbeinginasituationsuchasthis:(1)PublicAddressSystem-OurPASystemdoesntworkinallpartsoourbuilding.Youcannotheartheannouncementsinthecaeteria.Whenwewereinstructedtolockdownagain,itcreatedproblemsgettingstudentstosaetyecientlyandeectively.(2)RoomPhones-eachershavenowayocommunicatingwiththemainoceromtheirclassrooms.Wecannotcontactindividualroomsromthemainoce.Tisisasaetyconcern.(3)AlphanumericPagers-Manyothemessagessentwereincompleteandragmented.Youcannotreadthemessagesinthedark.(4)Weonlyhave3two-wayradiosthatwork.Fivehavebeenordered,butarenotinasoyet.Itwaseasiertocommunicateonourcellphones.Inarealsituation,phonelinesmightnot
beavailable.Cellphonebatteriesstartedtogodead.(AlleganyHighSchool)
Wewereverypleasedhowourstudentsreactedtothedrill.Tesupportwearereceivingromthestudents,sta,parents,andstakeholders,hasbeenverypositive.(BelAirElementary)
Weneededbettercommunicationthroughoutourbuildingsowehavepurchasedhand-held2wayradios.Needtoclariythedierencebetweenlockdownandlockin.(BishopWalsh)
Pleaseclariydierence,iany,inlockdownvs.lock-in.Wedonotrecallanydiscussioninourtrainingonalock-in.(BishopWalsh)
Didnotknowhowtousethebeepertobeginwith.ookacoupleotimestofgureouthowtoreadalongmessage.Lockdownwasveryproftable.(CalvaryChristianAcademy)
Wedidntgointoasecondlockdown.Tiswasnotplannedorhereandwedidnotwanttocreatepanic.Iphonedthecentraloceorclarifcation.Isharedwiththemthatwewouldoptoutothissecondevent.Studentsandacultyhadbeencounseledandgiveninstructionsoroneevent.Wellplananotherlockdowndrillinthecomingmonths.(Calvar