Allies Who were the allies?. Does this sound right? “The enemy of my enemy is my friend” During...
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Allies Who were the allies?
Allies Who were the allies?. Does this sound right? “The enemy of my enemy is my friend” During WWII, the USSR and the US were not necessarily “friends,”
Does this sound right? The enemy of my enemy is my friend
During WWII, the USSR and the US were not necessarily friends, they
were allies simply because they both were fighting against
Germany.
Slide 3
It was the largest battle on the Eastern Front and was marked
by brutality and disregard for military and civilian
casualties.Eastern Front civilian casualties It is among the
bloodiest battles in the history of warfare, with the higher
estimates of combined casualties amounting to nearly two
millionbloodiest battles in the history of warfare
Slide 4
Stalingrad "We think of the great battle on the Volga without
hatred or malice. However, we consider Stalingrad to be a lesson
from the past which, unfortunately, must be remembered. Should that
war be recalled? Some think not, but I don't agree. That war must
be recalled until the time when mankind will say: "we don't want
war and will do everything possible to prevent it so that never
again will there be war on this earth". There will be a day when we
shall stop recalling the war and say: it was the last - not because
we should like to believe it is so, but because we shall know it is
so.
Communism v Democracy Complete the worksheet using the
information provided and your prior knowledge.
Slide 9
T-Chart Make a T-Chart in your notebook. On one side write
Soviet Union and on the other side write United States
Slide 10
Soviet Union Vision Stalins decisions were driven by security
concerns. Stalin wanted a buffer zone of friendly communist states
to protect the Soviet Union. Stalin claimed Eastern Europe as a
Soviet sphere of influence.
Slide 11
United States Vision Truman wanted to allow Eastern European
nations to determine their own form of government. Truman believed
that countries would choose democracy if given free choice.
Slide 12
USSR Cost / Experiences of War As many as 20 million Soviet
citizens died in the war including, including 7 million soldiers
Soviets starved when the Nazis invaded, stripping the countryside
and torching farms and villages. The Nazis leveled several soviet
cities, including Stalingrad and Kiev.
Slide 13
US Cost / Experiences of War About 290,000 U.S. soldiers died.
Civilian casualties were limited to those who killed or wounded at
Pearl Harbor. No fighting took place on U.S. soil, no cities were
bombed, and no farms or factories were destroyed. The U.S. economy
boomed during the war.
Slide 14
USSR Ideologies The Soviets believed in communism, which viewed
capitalism as an unjust system. Communism revolves around single
party rule of politics and government control of the economy. The
state owns most businesses and decides what will be produced.
Slide 15
US Ideologies The American system was based on a belief in
democratic government and capitalist economics. In capitalism,
individuals and private businesses make most economic decisions
Most property, factories, and equipment are privately owned.
Slide 16
T-Chart Make a T-Chart in your notebook. On one side write
Soviet Union and on the other side write United States Using your
notes, summarize the differences between the two countries at the
end of WWII.
Slide 17
The Cold War 1945A critical year --Roosevelt believed at this
point he could handle Stalin. --Churchill attempted to convince him
otherwise.
Slide 18
--US harbored some resentment from the Soviet Union. --The
wartime cooperation between the two was merely temporary. --As war
ended tensions between Soviets and US/GB began increasing.
Slide 19
Differences at Yalta --1945 Big Three met in Yalta. --agree to
split Germany into four occupied zones (GB,US,SU,French) --agree to
let European countries hold their own elections --Disputes over the
Pacific and most importantlyPOLAND.
Slide 20
Yalta However, the attitude of the conference was fairly
friendly. Roosevelt and Stalin had a good working relationship and
Stalin trusted Roosevelt
Slide 21
The United Nations --Leaders did agree on creation of the UN.
--purpose was to prevent all wars from starting, and end those that
did break out.
Slide 22
Truman takes Command --2 weeks before UN s 1 st meeting
Roosevelt dies. --Truman was ill prepared to be president of the US
in this volatile time period.
Slide 23
Potsdam Conference July 45 Truman has 1 st meeting w/ world
leaders. --Churchill is also gone having lost the election in GB.
(Attlee) --Stalin insisted on war payments by GermanyTruman wanted
Polish elections.
Slide 24
Potsdam Conference New leaders did NOT trust each other Stalin
did not trust Truman because Truman mentioned the US had atomic
energy, which scared Stalin Truman did not trust Stalin because
Stalin rigged elections in Poland towards communism Their views
differed in almost every way.
Slide 25
Stop and Think With a partner, list the differences between the
Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference. Include: Who was
involved What changed?
Slide 26
Superpowers Since Germany, France, and GB were weakened by
WWII, that left SU and US to be in control of the world. Hegemony
Nations forced to choose between the superpowers.
Slide 27
USSR -- Soviets quickly gain control over nations that they had
freed from Nazi control. --. Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, Hungary,
Romania, and East Germany. Stalin insisted he did it because he
needed buffer states so they would be safe. SATELLITE STATES
Slide 28
Iron Curtain USSR expansionist tendencies led Churchill to
state that an iron curtain has descended across the continent. What
does he mean by that?
Slide 29
Map Time! Label the countries in Europe ( USSR, Yugoslavia,
Poland, Bulgaria, East & West Germany, Czechoslovakia, Albania,
Austria, Hungary, Romania, Greece ) Draw a line where the Iron
Curtain hung (use a book- page 497) Color each side of the curtain
a different color Label the sides as Communist or Democratic
Slide 30
Slide 31
Warm Up! 1. What happened at Potsdam to make Truman and Stalin
not trust each other? 2. Based on what we talked about yesterday,
how is the USSR looking out for its own interests?
Slide 32
Arguments Stalin: US is going to destroy the world because all
capitalism does is compete. Thus, the world should turn to
COMMUNISM.
Slide 33
Rebuttal- Long Telegram George Kennan in the Long Telegram:
Since the USSR wants to destroy the US, they must be CONTAINED.
This began the USs new foreign policy
Slide 34
Truman Doctrine --Since 1945 the Soviets had been attempting to
install communist regimes in Greece and Turkey. --1947GB claims
they can no longer aid Greece and Turkey.
Slide 35
Slide 36
Slide 37
Truman Doctrine and GREECE Truman Doctrine- support free
peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities
or outside pressures. With US $ and aid, Greek government defeated
communist rebels. The Truman Doctrine committed the US to a policy
of containment.
Slide 38
Arms Race Begins End of WWII brought a change to the way
everyone viewed war. US begins testing more nuclear energy in the
Pacific at Bikini Atoll
Slide 39
Baruch Plan US tried to get the UN to not let anyone sell or
buy materials for nuclear energy, BUT said they should keep their
stockpile Turn to a partner: How do you think SU felt about
this?
Slide 40
Marshall Plan American policy makers were determined not to
make the same mistakes as post WWI. US would help restore war torn
nations so they may become stable democracies. --WWII brought
devastation to Europe. --21million homeless
Slide 41
Marshall Plan All the big nations in Europe were affected, some
were turning to communism as a cure. US would not have that
--Marshall Plan called for nations of Europe to draw up a plan for
recovery. --US would then finance the plan w/ $$$. --Plan was
unveiled by Sec. of State George Marshall in 1947.
Slide 42
Recovery Plan --Plan hoped to stop communist regimes from
springing up and promote democracy. --USSR referred to the plan as
US buying its way into European affairs. --1948 Congress approves
officially called European Recovery Program. 17 nations joined, $13
billion in loans
Slide 43
Marshall Plan Read and highlight the Marshall Plan reading.
Answer the questions at the end of the reading
Slide 44
COMECON Stalin hated the Marshall Plan, and questioned Trumans
motives. 1949- Stalin created the Molotov Plandesigned to fix the
economies in Eastern Europe. To do this, it established COMECON,
for trade between USSR and others in COMECOM. State specialization
and trade occurred.
Slide 45
Stop and Think With a partner, describe the Truman Doctrine and
the Marshall Plan. How are they alike? How are they different?
Which one is like the Molotov Plan?
Slide 46
By the 1950s The Cold War was intense! The chess game was
continuous: US tried to contain the SU, the SU continued to try to
take countries.
Slide 47
Germany Map On the flip side of your map of Europe is a map of
Germany. Label Berlin on the map and divide Germany into its
occupation zones.
Slide 48
Slide 49
Berlin!!!!! 1948, Britain, France, and US decided to reunite
their 3 occupied zones to create a new country with a democratic
government. Many in the East tried to flee to the West Stalin would
not have this nonsense so he began the Berlin Blockade
Slide 50
Berlin Blockade What is a blockade? Stalin did it in hopes of
forcing the allies to give up their plan OR to give up Berlin
(because it was an important city).
Slide 51
US Response US was all oh no you didnt! Instead of giving in,
the US brought massive supplies to Berlin. 10.5 months=2.5 million
tons of supplies.
Slide 52
Berlin 1949, USSR gave up and Germany was divided into
communist east and democratic right. The division between East and
West was severe
Slide 53
NATO Stalin was tightening its grip on its satellite nations;
In response, April 1949United states and Canada join 11 W. European
countries to form NATO. --an armed attack on one is considered an
attack on them all.
Slide 54
Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact was created in opposition to NATO.
Europe was divided; enemies were defined.
Slide 55
Stop and Think Why did the USSR create the Warsaw Pact? How
does NATO and the Warsaw Pact differ?
Slide 56
Warm Up!! 1. Why did Truman order supplies to Berlin? 2. What
two actions taken by the US proved their policy of
containment?
Slide 57
DBQ DBQ questions 2-6
Slide 58
China Communism led by Mao Zedong and Nationalism led by Chiang
Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) waged civil war for control of China Zedong
won, and China fell to communism. However, China did resist Soviet
Control US treated China like an enemy- cut it off from the rest of
the world, until late 1970s
Slide 59
DOMINO THEORY When you line up dominoes and push one what
happens to the rest?
Slide 60
Domino Theory This theory is what the US based much of its
foreign policy on:
Slide 61
June 25, 1950- July 27, 1953
Slide 62
end of World War II Korea was divided at the 38th parallel into
Soviet (North Korean) U.S. (South Korean) zones of occupation
Slide 63
1948 rival governments were established: The Republic of Korea
(South) People's Democratic Republic of Korea (North)
Slide 64
Slide 65
Slide 66
Slide 67
Slide 68
June 25, 1950 North Korean forces invaded South Korea
Slide 69
United Nations condemned the invasion as an act of aggression
demanded the withdrawal of North Korean troops from the South
called upon its members to aid South Korea
Slide 70
United Nations had been formed Oct. 24, 1945
Slide 71
June 27 President Truman authorized the use of American Land
Sea Air forces
Slide 72
the United Nations placed the forces of 15 other member nations
under U.S. command Gen. Douglas MacArthur: supreme commander
Slide 73
MacArthur He forced troops up to China, but China got angry and
sent 400,000 troops to aid North Korea. They pushed back American
forces to the 38 th parallel MacArthur wanted to blockade China and
bomb it. Truman disagreed, MacArthur questioned him, and he was
fired
Slide 74
Slide 75
Unpopular War Dwight D. Eisenhower pledged to go to Korea to
end the war elected President in 1952
Slide 76
N. Korea supported by Communist China U.S.S.R.
Slide 77
Negotiations broke down four different times after much
difficulty and nuclear threats by Eisenhower armistice agreement
was signed July 27, 1953
Slide 78
South Korea refused to sign
Slide 79
Protest over the Korean War Armistice
Slide 80
Slide 81
Korea today Still divided at 38 th parallel North: Communist
South: Democratic People have been trying to renew relations
between the two
Slide 82
Korean War Monument
Slide 83
Crossing at the 38 th today
Slide 84
the 38th parallel the DMZ is about 4 km (2.5 mi) wide heavily
fortified with barbed-wire fences, concealed mines, and border
troops
Slide 85
Domino Theory This theory is what the US based much of its
foreign policy on:
Slide 86
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Short clip
Slide 87
Map Time!!!! On the map of Korea: Label North and South Label
Communist and Democratic Put arrows indicating MacArthurs advance
Put arrows indicating the retreat Color the 38 th parallel and the
DMZ
Slide 88
Warm Up!!!!!! What were the effects of the Korean War?
Slide 89
Government Spending
Slide 90
3 Worlds First World Country: developed, capitalist countries.
Second World: communist counties. Third World: poor, developing
nations, many had just gotten freedom from colonial rule.
Slide 91
CIA The Cold War was what prompted Truman to create the CIA:
used COVERT ACTIONS to achieve their goals
Slide 92
Latin America CIA did much damage in Latin American countries
because they cared only about stopping communism So, many dictators
took away rights from their citizens and they were backed by the US
(militarily and economically)
Slide 93
Czech vs. Chile With a partner, read the accounts in Chile and
Czech Each read one account and answer the questions. Explain your
account to your partners and explain the answers.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00kQorWVIsw
Slide 94
More arms race With the development of the H-bomb, both
countries competed for weapons superiority. Eventually, both had
the H-bomb, thus both had the capacity for ultimate
destruction
Slide 95
Stop and Think Turn to a partner: If you both had the capacity
to destroy the world with nuclear energy, how would you talk to one
another? What would be the best way to solve the problem?
Slide 96
Brinkmanship The ability to go to the brink of war. To keep the
peace, one must be willing to go to war.
Slide 97
Deterrence Dulles developed Deterrence for the US. This meant
that the US should produce a deadly arsenal. How would SU
react?
Slide 98
MADcause it is! Deterrence and brinkmanship known as MAD:
mutual assured destruction. MAD may have kept the Cold War from
turning hot, but it heightened anxiety worldwide.
Slide 99
Slide 100
DBQ Answer the next set of DBQ questions: 7-9 Using what you
have learned and the documents provided, outline the essay you
would write
Slide 101
Warm Up! 1. Why did the Cold War never turn hot? 2. What is
brinkmanship?
Slide 102
Today How did Americans feel about communism and communists?
How did Truman ensure loyalty in the US? Why is McCarthyism
negative?
Slide 103
DOT GAME!!! Winners get extra credit! Note ANYONE who looks
suspicious REPORT THEM TO ME!
Slide 104
Communism at home? Did Americans face communism in the US? Why?
What might have prompted it? (Think of what prompted it in
Europe)
Slide 105
America Great Depression Communist Party Communist
Sympathizers
Slide 106
RED SCARE! Fears of communism in the US leads to the Red Scare.
What is it?
Slide 107
Loyalty Programs Truman forced Americans to take Loyalty Oaths.
MUST ROOT OUT COMMUNISM After 5 million investigations, hundreds
lost their jobs and thousands were forced to resign.
Slide 108
Communism Growing climate of suspicion takes hold in the
nation. Paranoia, RED SCARE Video How to Spot a Communist
Slide 109
HUAC --Began to specifically probe the Hollywood movie
industry. --Many in Hollywood had various ties to the communist
party. (House Un-American Activities Committee)
Slide 110
Hollywood Ten --1947 Hollywood writers, producers, actors were
called in front of HUAC. --ten of the accused refused to answer the
committees questions. --Leads to the blacklist in Hollywood.
--paranoid studios circulate a list of those who should not be
hired.
Slide 111
McCarren-Walter Act --Re-affirmed the quota system for
immigration. --discriminated against immigrants from communist
dominated regions of the world
Slide 112
SPIES EVERYWHERE!!!! Alger Hiss a once high ranking State Dep t
official convicted of being a Soviet spy during the Yalta
Conference
Slide 113
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Death sentences for passing atomic
secrets to USSR. They were the only American civilians put to death
for spying during the Cold War. VIDEO
Slide 114
Rosenberg Reading
Slide 115
McCarthy McCarthy blamed people in government and American
citizens for being spies. Wisc. Senator Joseph McCarthy declared to
have names of 205 communists working in the state dep t.
--Atmosphere of 50 s led to his accusations gaining support.
Slide 116
McCarthy 1952-1954, McCarthy used his power to catch people. He
never made a solid case against anyone but his accusations drove
MANY people out of their jobs. Cause anti-communism hysteria
Slide 117
No one can terrorize a whole nation, unless we are all his
accomplices.
Slide 118
The nation that complacently and fearfully allows its artists
and writers to become suspected rather than respected is no longer
regarded as a nation possessed with humor in depth. There are AT
LEAST 2 other times in Americas history in which we did this- can
anyone think of one?
Slide 119
McCarthys Fall In 1954, McCarthy accused the Army and
Eisenhower on being too soft on communism. Public opinion turned
against him. He was censured, or formally scolded. He soon faded
from the national scene.
Slide 120
Slide 121
Yield Sign In groups of 3, create a poster warning about the
lessons learned from the Cold War and McCarthyism.
Slide 122
3-2-1 Below your warm up for the day, write : 3 Things you
learned 2 Questions you have 1 Thing you want to know more
about
Slide 123
Warm Up: Who were the Rosenbergs? What is McCarthyism?
Slide 124
At Home Congress created the FCDA and said the back yard may be
the next front line. Thus, people would have to prepare and protect
themselves.
Slide 125
Living Life Bomb shelters became a normal thing. People taught
how to fight fires and care to wounds. Bert the Turtle taught
children how to survive atomic attack. FDCA created Operation Alert
to see how fast cities could be evacuated. If it was real, millions
would have died. There are only varying degrees of
destruction.
Slide 126
Peace is the only defense against nuclear war.
Slide 127
Bert the Turtle Video
Slide 128
LAST Stop and Think Sum up the war as best you can: When did it
start? Why did it start? Who was involved? What were some foreign
policies established? How did we handle communism at home? Did it
end?????