“PLANNING, SCHEDULING, RESOURCE

ALLOCATION, BUDGETING, TRACKING AND S-

CURVE ANALYSIS OF AN APARTMENT BUILDING

UTILIZING ORACLE’S PRIMAVERA P6”

Md Imran Nazeer1, Siddharth B2, Maneeth PD3, Brijbhushan S4

1M.Tech. Student, Dept of Construction Technology, VTU India (imrannazeer614@gmail.com)

2Asst Professor, Dept of Construction Technology, VTU India (siddharthbaeen@gmail.com)

3Asst Professor, Department of Construction Technology, VTU India (maneeth.pd@gmail.com)

4Asst Professor, Department of Construction Technology, VTU India (brijbhushan3pd03@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT

Development exchange is a vital part of a country's establishment and current improvement. With globalization, the

development venture has turned out to be huge and complex. A substantial amount of time, money, resources is wasted

each year in axconstruction industry due to improper planning and scheduling. Planningxis a base for each work in

management field. It gives an idea about where we are and where we need to be. In this research, we utilize primavera

p6 software to give the best approach to the contractor to complete the venture by organizing the entire exercises of

undertaking in methodically. The present study is for optimizing plan ofxbuilding to reduce cost and decrease the time

of construction by proper planning, scheduling and monitoring the project. The aimxof this research is to reduce the

wastage of material, labor in any construction project by allowing proper and required resources for each activity

occurring in the project, and reduce the possibility of time and cost overrun, by regular monitoring the project as per the

schedule that is done by reducing the float. Even by utilizing the s-curve techniques will let us know the flow of cost

against time and helps us manage the cost of the project till date. This paper manages some high potential parameters

in Primavera programming, which altogether influence the undertaking result.

Keywords: Planning, Resource Allocation, Scheduling, Budgeting and S-Curve Analysis.

INTRODUCTION

Construction trade is necessary portion of nation's foundation and modern development. Construction industry

the 2nd biggest industry of nation; still its development has relevant factors over the country. There is an enormous

distinction of improvement in the rustic and urban zones. Various issues are being looked by development business,

chief of them are fetched overpowers and time attacks because of lacking endeavour itemizing, the absence of presence

of mind for utilization and ill-advised administration amid execution. Numerous investigators express that typical cost

of task goes up to 30% as of planned budget because of shocking scheduling and planning. Observations exhibit that

genuine able management is basic for the project to finish inside time, evaluated spending plan and with distributed

assets. Giving awesome organizing, authentic affiliation, a satisfactory stream of resources for broaden can normally

achieve the desired result. A notice component must be available which can caution the association about its conceivable

achievement and disappointments all through the venture.

OBJECTIVES

1. For developing plan in scheduling sequence for every activity occurring in the plan utilizing software

primavera p6 project planner.

2. To bear out the useful periods (WBS) mandatory for completing the exercises.

3. To allocate resources needed for individual activity in the project and the total quantity required for each

resource.

4. To know the implication of using baseline during tracking of the project.

5. Further processing the schedule by assigning various relationships, duration, work force, a calendar for active

administration for the achievement of the project on time.

6. To discover the financial aspects of the project by allocating expenses to each resource in the project.

7. Toxtrackxthexproject andxanalysexthexreason for delays and finallyxchecking out the cash flows incurred in

the iproject by using s-curve techniques from p6 software.

METHODOLGY

PLANNING: Constructionxplanning is axfundamental andxchallenging activity inxmanagement and

executionxofxconstructionxprojects. It includesxthe selection ofxtechnology, the definition of work task, the estimation

of required durations and resources of individual task, and identify the interactions between different work tasks. A

good construction plan is the base for developing the schedule and the budget for work. Duringxplanning a

plannerxbegins with a resultxand he mustxsynthesize the steps requiredxto yield this result. The necessaryxaspects of

constructionxplanning include the generation of required activities, analysis of the implications of these activities and

the choice among various alternatives methods ofxperforming thesexactivities .

SCHEDULING: In venture administration, axschedule is a relocation of a task's points of orientation, exercises, and

expectations, forxmost part with plannedxbegin and completexdates. Those thingsx are regularlyxevaluated by other

dataxincorporated intoxundertaking timetable of asset allotment, spending plan, assignment length, and ilinkages of

conditions and booked occasions.Scheduling is finished when all exercises in venture subsequent to giving term and

applying vital relations to it. Entering the begin date of project on data date will automatically provide all the start and

finish date of every activities.

RESOURCE ALLOCATION: Asset designation is a technique use to appoint the expected assets to the exercises. In

venture administration, asset allotment is supply required by those exercises while thinking about both asset accessibility

and undertaking time. Resources incorporate, for example, man, machinery and material. Before allotting out, they need

to made and ordered in view of the work and non-labour, and their units. Measure of assets to be assigned rely upon the

duration of a particular activity.

TRACKING: Monitoring is similar a cautionary mechanism; it is the procedure of collecting, recording and reporting the

data regarding project performance to the scheme manager. In the advance of an undertaking, a few exercises will finish

inside gave span and some postponements because of different reasons.If the project progress is behind schedule, it

shows total float as negative values of delayed number of days. It should be done on a regular basis within short gap of

time in order to implement some methods if any delay took place to make the upcoming schedule parallel with the

baseline.

BUDGETING: Aifinancialiplan is aniannouncement ofitheimeasure of cashithatiisiaccessible to spend over a time. It may

incorporate a layout get ready for how that cash will be spent, and a breakdown of the things it will be spent on. Spending

plans foridevelopmentiventures help figure out what is reasonable and ought to be set as ahead of schedule as could

reasonably be expected. Itiisiessential thatitheyidepend on prove and that they are sensible. A cost specialist sets up the

monetary allowance, which are probably going to centre around the development cost..

STEPS INVOLVED IN METHODOLOGY

Abstract of quantities: Abstract of quantities is the quantity survey required to carry out before executing any task or any

activity of the project. Conceptual of amounts incorporates the general data of every movement associated with the

development of any venture considered. The quantities of every action are worked out, this aide is setting out the first

duration of the undertaking and consequently, this encourages us to know the different assets required and different and

we can adequately evaluate them in light of the requirement.

Creating iEPS: lEnterprise project structure (EPS) is the sensible game plan created to help and compose projects. EPS

can be separated into any numbers divisions. Each venture in the affiliation ought to be consolidated into its centre.

Every hub can contain boundless no of tasks.

To Create iEPS, Go to Top Menu →Select iEnterprise→ iEnterprise Project Structure Click Add Icon and give

EPS ID andiEPS NAME as appeared in the figure underneath.

Fig 1: Creating EPS

Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS): Stands an order, which signifies that person who is liable for the project in the

association. It shows management responsible for the particular project. The OBS as a rule mirrors the administration

structure of your association, from top-level work constrain down through various levels constituting your association.

To create OBS, Go to Top Menu →Enterprise →OBS →Click on Add, Type OBS items and then adjust the structure

using the arrows as shown in the figure below.

Fig 2: Creating OBS

CREATING THE NEW PROJECT : Click on File; Select New→ Select EPS → Click Next → Enter Project ID and

Name → Enter Project Start and Finish Date → Select Assignment Rate Type → Enter the Manager Responsible

→Click Finish.The above steps are represented in the below figures:-

Fig 3: Creating New Project

CREATING CALENDAR: Calendar is very significant in the project because scheduling is done based on it and appoint

schedules to each resource each project and each activity. The three types of calendars are called global, project and

resource. To create Calendars, Go to Top Menu →Enterprise →Calendar →Click on Add as shown in the figure below.

Fig 4: CREATING CALENDAR

CREATE WBSI AND IACTIVITIES:iWork ibreakdown istructure (WBS) is breaking down the project outcome into major

work groups. Afterwards, work group is divided in turn into smaller pieces called activities & so on. Every project has

its very own WBS with this particular part of project’s events can be viewed very easily & desirable alteration be made.

Fig 5: CREATING WBS

Fig 6: CREATING ACTIVITIES

ASSIGN RELATIONSHIP TO ACTIVITY: The exercises are orchestrated in the request they should perform in a procedure.

When the assigned relationship, design the theory to figure early and late dates for each movement.Select the movement

to which you want to incorporate a forerunner or successor, the predecessors or successors tab from the list.

There are 4 types of relationships viz.

1. Finish to finish (ff) = the descendant activity can instigate only when the predecessor movement brings to an end.

2. Start to start (ss) = both the goings-on activities will starts at same time instantaneously.

3. Start to finish (sf) = the begin of the successor action relies upon the begin of the ancestor movement

4. Finish to start (fs) = the progeny movement can't complete till the forerunner activity switches.

Fig 7: ASSIGNING RELATIONSHIP TO ACTIVITIES

DEFINING AND LOADING RESOURCES

The initial step in the resource distribution process is to first define your resources. It can be done through select

enterprise the resources from the menu at the top of the screen. Once resources screen appears select the resource and

allow it for required activity. There are three main resource types

1. Labour 2. Material 3. Machinery

Fig 8: DEFINING RESOURCES

Fig 9: ASSIGNING RESOURCES

CREATE BASELINE: A baseline is duplicate of a task's arrangement/unique calendar, which can be appeared differently

in relation to the present journal to assess change. It gives a target counter to which wander's cost, timetable, and routine

can be pursued.To create Baselines, Go to Top Menu →Project →Maintain Baselines

After creating the Baselines next Step is to Assign the Baselines,

Go to Top Menu →Project →Assign Baselines as shown in the figure below.

Fig 11: CREATE BASELINE

SCHEDULING: Now scheduling of activities will be done. Right when the calendar is run, P6 applies the Critical path

method (CPM) computation, the forward and in switch go, remembering the ultimate objective to choose a foreseen

satisfaction date for the timetable.

BUDGETING: The cost is distributed for all the resources required for each activity incurred in the project as per the

district schedule rates, in the expense category of the project.Go to Top menu →Admin →Admin Categories →Expense

Categories → Click Add → Go to Tools →Select Recalculate Assignment Cost shown in the figure below.

FIG 13: SHOWS BUDGETING

PROJECT SITE DETAILS: The Project iѕ a residential and commercial apartmeոt buildiոg which ѕerveѕ, 2&3BHK

flatѕ and shops for itѕ reѕideոtѕ, the buildiոg iѕ RCC framed ѕtructure deѕigոed aѕ per I.Ѕ Code. It iѕ a

Reѕideոtial Apartmeոt ոamed aѕ "THE PARK" which iѕ beiոg coոѕtructed uոder the coոѕultatioո of

"Technocrats Asian Business Centre, Kalaburagi" at Msk mill near Cold storage, Kalaburagi.

Fig 14: GROUND FLOOR PLAN

PROJECTNAME The park

TYPE G+3 residential and commercial building

CLIENT Md Qadeer

CONTRACTOR Md Aqeel (technocrats)

SITE LOCATION Cold storage,Msk mill,Kalaburgi

SIZE OF PLOT 70x190sqft

BUILT UP AREA 53200sqft

NO OF FOOTINGS 85 no’s ,isolated type.

COMMENCEMENT DATE 5th Nov 2017

FINSIH DATE By 2019

PROJECT DURATION 498 days

Table 1: SHOWS DETAILS OF ANALYSING STRUCTURE

TRACKING AND S-CURVE ANALYSIS

TRACKING: The project is tracked till 29th of April 2018 and the activities, which are delayed as shown below;

Fig 16: TRACKING

NO. ID NAME Scheduledistart date to finish date Actualistart date to finish date

1 A1010 Survey 05-Nov-17 to 08-Nov-17 05-Nov-17 to 09-Nov-17

2 A1040 Barrication 09-Nov-17 to 13-Nov-17 10-Nov-17 to 15-Nov-17

3 A1050 Excavation 14-Nov-17 to 28-Nov-17 16-Nov-17 to 04-Dec-17

4 A1120 Column

Reinforcement

10-Dec-17 toi16-Dec-17 16-Dec-17 to 24-Dec-17

5 A1140 Footing Concrete 20-Dec-17 to 20-Dec-17 28-Dec-17 to 30-Dec-17

6 A1230 Masonry Base

Course for plinth

02-Jan-18 to 04-Jan-18 26-Jan-18 to 31-Jan-18

Table 2: DELAYED ACTIVITY DETAILS

REASONS FOR DELAYED IN EXECUTING ACTIVITIES:

Due to unavailablity of total station for a day,the activity got delayed.

Due to negligence of labours,improper fixing of barrication sheets was done also no proper safety sign boards

are provided which later done under the supervision of the site engineer.

The occurrence of hard rock strata below the ground surface incraeses the activity duration and also due to

rain water gets stored in the excavated area which later removed.

Steel required is of very high quantity i.e., in tonnes ,hence at a time limited amount of steel was brought at

the site.

The concrete was brought from rmc plant and there was a misunderstanding between the contractor and rmc

owner regarding price per rmc truck,it later resolved and the concreting was completed.

The contractor borught the bricks of good quality only but the client was not happy with that and he wants to

use the bricks of his choice and hence the bricks was exchanged.

S-CURVE ANALYSIS: AniS-curve is aigraphicaliprojectimanagementitool used for planning, monitoring, controlling,

analyzing andiforecasting project’s status, progress and performance. The s-bend is constructed by the dates(time) on

the x-axis and computed values on the y-axis for every movement.

Fig 17: GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF S-CURVE

BASELINE-S-CURVE

Before project beginning, a timetable is readied sketching out the future allotment of resources plus planning of

tasks essential to complete the undertaking in a set period and spending plan. The schedule has alluded to baseline

schedule. From herewith schedule, a baseline-s-bend is produced. This s-bend reflects the tidy progress of venture.

COST VS TIME-S-CURVE

The costs v/s time-s-bend is proper for projects to comprise work and non-work (eg: Material

supply/contract/subcontract) everyday jobs. Displays combined outlay used after a period for the span of the venture

and might be utilized to help in the figuring of task's capital stream and price to finish.

Fig 18: Baseline & Actual S-Curve

Year/Month Nov Dec Jan Feb March April Total

Cumulative Cost in (Rs) 12,20,100 48,80,400 24,40,200 24,40,200 36,60,300 61,005,00

Budgeted total cost (Rs) 9,06,960 44,64,540 15,57,450 20,03,685 35,39,600 55,13,770 &

30,92,520

1,55,64,750

Actual total cost (Rs) 9,02,970 45,96,025 15,96,900 20,58,765 36,69,200 31,07,880 1,59,37,740

Table 3: SHOWS THE CASH FLOW DETAILS.

The main purpose of using s-curve techniques is to analyse the cash flow forecast. Cash flow is basically the

distribution of budget over time, from which we get to know how much cash we required every month and this is a very

good information that the stake holders need because they need to freeze up some cash for you so that when you send

them invoices they have enough money reserved for you hence it’s very interesting to see the cash flow curve so they

know what’s coming ahead and how much spending in each month is required and what’s your forecast for the next

month and the month’s to come.

SUMMARY

SCHEDULED DURATION FOR PROJECT 498 days

DURATION COMPLETED 170 days

REMAINING COMPLETE DURATION 328 days

SCHEDULE % COMPLETE 34.13%

COST % COMPLETE 26.56%

BUDGETED TOTAL COST OF THE PROJECT Rs 6 crores (Approx)

BUDGETED TOTAL COST TILL 29th APRIL 2018 Rs 1,55,64,750.

ACTUAL TOTAL COST INCURRED TILL 29th APRIL 2018 Rs 1,59,37,740.

DIFFERENCE IN COST (-VE) Rs 3, 66,990.

TOTAL FLOAT (-ve) 10 days

Table 4 : SHOWS SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT

CONCLUSIONS

1. The most punctual thing which we can get by successful arranging in Primavera is beginning date of the venture and complete date

of the undertaking i.e., begin date is 05 November 2016, and completion date is 27 March 2019.

2. Primavera P6 aids in successfullyxscheduling thexproject andxactivities on the site with respect to execution of thexproject are

carefullyxobserved and comparison is made between thexplanned andxactualxschedule.

3. The total float of the project is negative due to delay in activities, which represents that the project is tenxdays overdue for the

schedule.

4. The multiple resources required for the individual activityxare allocated successfully, may it be in the form of manpower,

machinery or material.

5. Thexactualxtotal cost of the project is slightly more than the budgeted total cost due to increase in material cost and due to delay

in some activities.

6. The s-curve lets us know the flow of cost against time and lets us manage the cost accordingly.

7. Resource histograms give the information about the daily, monthly or yearly payments need to be made for each resource may it

be work force, machinery, material, or comprising of all.

8. S-Curve is a very good graphical information for managing your cost and managing your invoices in the project as it is said

stakeholders are very interested to see the cash flow curve.

9. Systematic examination of the work under execution must be done at least within a week in order to take adequate actions against

uncertainty.

10. Primary baseline and Gantt chart produced makes easy to identify critical path and monitoring task against it progress extremely

easy by observing colours of bars.

11. Primavera P6 project planner software substantiated to be a better tool for scheduling, monitoring and controlling and displays its

efficiency in providing best results with fewer efforts of a user by preventing huge volume paperwork.

12. Overall, precise manage of time, resources and cost till the end of the project.

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