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7/27/2019 Allowable Field Vibration for Pump
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PUMP TYPELESS THAN POWER
(HP)
End suction ANSIB73 20
Vertical Inline, Separately-coupled, per ANSI B73.2 20
End suction & Vertical Inline close coupled 20End suction, Frame-mounted 20
End suction, API-610, Preferred operation region (POR) All
End suction, API-610, Allowable operation region (AOR) All
End suction, paper stock 10
End suct. Solids handling - horizontal 10
End suct. Solids handling - vertical 10
End suct. Hard metal/rubber-lined,
horizontal & vertical10
Between bearings, single & multistage 20
Vertical turbine pump (VTP) 100VTP, Mixed flow, propeller, short set 100
ALLOWABLE FIELD-INSTALLED VIBR
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VIBRATION
RMS, IN/SEC
GREATER THAN POWER
(HP)
VIBRATION
RMS, IN/SEC
0.12 100 0.18
0.12 100 0.18
0.14 100 0.210.14 100 0.21
0.12 All 0.12
0.16 All 0.16
0.14 200 0.21
0.22 400 0.31
0.26 400 0.34
0.3 100 0.4
0.12 200 0.22
0.24 1000 0.280.2 3000 0.28
TION VALUES FOR PUMPS
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CAUSE AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY
UnbalanceProportional to unbalance.
Largest in radial direction.1 x RPM
Misalignment couplings orbearings and bend shaft.
Large in axial direction.50% or more of radial vibration.
1 x RPM usual
2 & 3 x RPM
sometimes
Bad bearings
anti-friction type
Unsteady - use vecocity
measurement if possible
Very high several times
RPM
VIBRATION I
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PHASE REMARKS
Single reference mark Most common cause of vibration
Single
double
or triple
Best found by apperance of large axial vibration.
Use dial indicators or other method for positive diagnosis.If sleeve bearing machine and coupling misalignment balance the
rotor.
ErraticBearing responsible most likely the one nearest point of largest high-
frequency vibration.
ENTIFICATION
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PROBLEM AREA ANALYTICAL INDICATIONS
Wrong Lubricant
*Change in viscosity, VI, flash point, additive
elements,FTIR spectra, TAN/TBN.
*Change in wear patterns.
Antioxidant Depletion
*Decreasing TAN,RBOT oxidation life, and Zn/P content.*Incrasing viscosity, TAN, particle count.
*FTIR: decreasing antioxidant, increasing oxidation,
sulphation, and/or nitration.
Dispersancy Failure
*FTIR, low TBN.
*Increasing particle count, pentane insolubles.
Defined inner spot on blotter test.
Base oil Deterioration
*Increasing viscosity, TAN, particle count, and/or ferrous
particles.
*Decreasing TBN.
*Change in VI and lower dielectric strength.
Water contamination
*Increasing viscosity, TAN, Ca, Ma, and/or Na.
*Rapid additive depletion/failure.
*Crackle test, VISA, KF,FTIR.
*Reduced dielectric strength.
*Blotter test: sharp or star burst periphery on inner spot.
Coolant contamination
*Increasing viscosity, copper, particle count, wear metal,
Na, B, and/or K.*FTIR: glycol.
*Crackle test, VISA, KF.
Fuel Dilution
*Low oil viscosity, flash point.
*Additive and wear metal dilution (elemental analysis).
*FTIR/gas chromatography for fuel.
*Rising particle count and wear metals.
Air Entrainment
*Increased viscosity, TAN, water, and/or FTIR for oxidation.
*Silicon defoamnt levels too high/low.*Blotter test: coke-like carbon on patch.
Abrasive wear conditions
*Increased silicon, aluminium, particle count and/or ferrous
particles.
*Water contamination.
*Ferrogram has cutting wear, silica particles.
OIL ANALYSIS DATA INTERPRETATION AN
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Corrosive wear conditions
*Increased TAN, particle count, spectrographic iron & bearing
metals, water.
*Decrease in TBN.
*Ferrogram shows submicron debris at ferrogram tail, rust
particles, metal oxides.
Failed filter
*Increasing silicon/aluminium, particle count, ferrous particles,
and/or elemental iron.*Ferrogram show green looking particles, cutting wear, filter fibers.
Overheating
*Increasing ferrous particles, particle count, flash point, viscosity, or
oil specific gravity.
*Ferrogram shows frction polymers, oxides, bluing/tempering of
particles, sliding wear particles, bearing particles, e.g., babbitt.
Misalignment, Imbalance,
Overloading
*Ferrogram densely loaded with black-iron oxides, dark metallo
oxides, severe cutting and sliding wear, tempered particles,large
chunky particles, or bearing metals.
*Increase in viscosity, TAN, particle count, and/or ferrous particles.
*Depletion of Zn and P.
Impending failure of bearing,
gear, pump, etc
*Exponential increase in particle count and number of wear particle
concentration.
*Increase in iron or bearing metals.
*Ferrogram shows rate increase in spheres, dark metallo oxides,
particle bluing, spalling/chunks, severe sliding/galling particles,
cutting wear.
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INSPECTION/SENSORY INDICATIONS
#Change in oil gage or bearing temperature.
#Bearing distress or noise.
#Hard turning of shaft.
#Oil darkening.#Pungent odor.
#Hot running.
#Filter inspection: sludge on media, filter in bypass.
#Black exhaust smoke.
#Deposites on rings and valves.
#Poor oil/water separability.
#Air entrainment/foaming.
#Pungent odor, sluge/varnish formation.
#Blotter spot yellow/brown, oil darkening.
#Oil clouding/opacity, water puddling/separating, sludging, foaming.
#Evidence of fretting wear/corrosion.
#Filter: paper is wavy, high pressure drop, short life. Ferrogram shows
rust.
#Valve stiction, orifice silting, bearing distress/failure, noisy
pump/bearings.
#Bearings dark charcoal color, distressed.
#Dispersancy failure, sludging, varnishing.#Blotter test: sticky, black center.
#Filter plugs prematurely, oil has mayonnaise consistency, white exhaust
smoke.
#Rising oil levels and oil gage temperatures.
#Blotter test: holo around center spot.
#Blue exhaust smoke (collapsed rings), plugged air filter, defective
injectors.
#Oil has diesel odor, overfueling conditions.
#Oil clouding/foaming, increase in oil gage temperature.
#Spongy/slow hydraulics, cavitaion of pump/bearing, noisy operation.
#Scratch marking or/po;ishing of frictional surfaces.
#Cutting wear on blotter/patch/filter media.
#Filter/breather/seal failure.
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
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#Fretting, pitting and etching on contact surfaces.
#Transient electric currents, high engines blowby.
#Rust on patch or filter media.
#Valve slit lock, noisy bearings.
#Unchanging or high delta P of filter.#Frequent bearing failures, high levels of bottom sediment.
#Bearing distress/failure.
#Hot spots and high bearing metal temperature.
#Evidence of cooking/sludge.
#Burnt/rantic odor, high oil gage temperature.
#Engine lugging/stalling black exhaust.
#Raised oil, bearing metal, or jacket-water temperature.
#Dark, foul smelling oil, bearing distress/failure, hard turning of shaft.
#Abnormal vibration, noise.
#Blotter test: coke, metal chips.
#Metal chips on filter, highly loaded chip detectors.
#Shaft wooble, vibration, acoustic changes, blue exhaust smoke, hot spots, hard
turning shaft and/or high bearing metal temperatures.
#Patch/blotter shows coking.
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Potential failure
mode(s)
Potential effects
of failure mode S e v e r i t y
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R i s k P r i o r i t y
N u m b e r ( R P N )
Potential causes
of failure
O c c u r r e n c e
Present detection
systems D e t e c t i o n
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Recommended
action
S e v e r i t y
O c c u r r e n c e
D e t e c t i o n
R P N
RESULTS
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1 Application 1
UndercapacityOvercapacity
Incorrect physical conditions
(temperature, pressure, etc.)
Incorrect physical properties
(mol. Wt., etc.)
2
2 Specifications
Inadequate lubrication system
Insufficient control instrumentation
Improper coupling
Improper bearing
Improper seal
Insufficient shutdown devices
3 Material of construction
Corrosion and/or erosion 3
Rapid wear
Fatigue
Strength exceededGalling
Wrong hardening method
4 Design
Unsatisfactory piping support 4
Improper piping flexibility
Undersized piping
Inadequate foundation
Unsatisfactory soil data
Liquid ingestion
Inadequate liquid drain
Design error
CAUSES OF FAILURE
Design and specification responsibility
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Material of construction 1
Flaw or defectImproper material
Improper treatment
Design
Improper specification
Wrong selection 2
Design error
Inadequate or wrong lubrication
Inadequate liquid drain
Critical speed
Inadequate strength
Inadequate controls and protective devices
Fabrication 3
Welding error
Improper heat treatment
Improper hardnessWrong surface finish
Imbalance
Lubricant passages not open
Assembly
Improper fit
Improper tolerances
Parts omitted
Parts in wrong
Parts/bolts not tight
Poor alignment
Imbalance
Inadequate bearing contact
Inadequate testing
Vendor Responsibility Ship
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Preparation for shipment 1
Oil system not cleanInadequate drainage
Protective coating not applied
Wrong coating used
Equipment not cleaned 2
Protection
Insufficient protection
Corrosion by salt
Corrosion by rain or humidity 3
Poor packaging
Dessicant omitted
Contamination with dirt, etc
Physical damage
Loading damage
Transport damage
Insufficient supportUnloading damage
Iing and storage responsibility
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Foundations 1
SettlingImproper or insufficient grouting
Cracking or separating
Piping 2
Misalignment
Inadequate cleaning
Inadequate support
Assembly
Misalignment
Assembly damage (crafts) 3
Defective material
Inadequate bolting
Connect wrong
Foreign material left in
General poor workmanship
4
5
nstallation Responsibility Opera
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6
7
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Shock 1
Thermal 2Mechanical
Improper startup
Operation
Slugs of liquid
Process surging
Control error
Controls deactivated or not put in service
Operating error
Auxiliaries
Utility Failure
Insufficient instrumentation
Electronic control failure
Pneumatic control failure
LubricationDirt in oil
Insufficient oil
wrong lubricant
Water in oil
Oil pump failure
Low oil pressure
Plugged lines
Improper filteration
Contaminated oil
Craftsmanship
Improper tolerances
Welding error
Improper surface finish
Improper fit
General poor workmanship
tion and Maintenance Responsibility Distr
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Assembly
Mechanical damage
Parts in wrong
Parts omitted
Misalignment
Improper bolting
Imbalance
Piping stress
Foreign material left in
Wrong material of construction
Preventive Maintenance
Postponed
Schedule too long
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Vibration
Short circuitOpen circuit
Sleeve bearing
Seal
Coupling
Shaft
Pinion gear
Bull gear
Turning gear
Casing
Rotor
Impeller
Shroud
Piston
Diaphragm
Wheel
Blades
Blade root
Blade shroud
Labyrinth
Thrust bearing
Pivoted pad bearing
Roller/ball bearing
Cross-head piston
Cylinder
crankshaft
ss, Damage, or Failed Componets