Allplan 2012 SbS Geodesy

Step by Step

Geodesy

Allplan 2012

This documentation has been produced with the utmost care.

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Information in this documentation is subject to change without notice. Companies, names and data used in examples are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this documentation may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Nemetschek Allplan GmbH.

Allfa is a registered trademark of Nemetschek Allplan GmbH, Munich. Allplan is a registered trademark of Nemetschek AG, Munich. AutoCAD, DXF and 3D Studio MAX are trademarks or registered trademarks of Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA. BAMTEC is a registered trademark of Hussler, Kempten, Germany. Microsoft, Windows und Windows Vista are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. MicroStation is a registered trademark of Bentley Systems, Inc. Parts of this product were developed using LEADTOOLS. (c) 1991-2010, LEAD Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Parts of this product were developed using the Xerces library of 'The Apache Software Foundation'. fyiReporting Software LLC developed parts of this product using the fyiReporting library, which is released for use with the Apache Software license, version 2. Allplan update packages are created using 7-Zip, (c) 1999-2010, Igor Pavlov. All other (registered) trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Nemetschek Allplan GmbH, Munich, 2011. All rights reserved.

1st edition, November 2011

Document no. 120eng01s07-1-BM1111

Geodesy Contents i

Contents Before you start ... ........................................................................ 1

Requirements.......................................................................................................... 2

Feedback on the documentation ..................................................................... 2

Sources of information ....................................................................................... 3 Documentation ............................................................................................................ 3 Additional help ............................................................................................................ 4

Training, coaching and project support ......................................................... 5

Project and drawing files .................................................................................... 6

Basic settings for the exercises ...................................................................... 10 Track tracing ............................................................................................................... 11

Unit 1: Site Plan module .......................................................... 13

Overview of exercises ....................................................................................... 14 Exercise 1: main road .............................................................................................. 14 Exercise 2: side road ................................................................................................. 15

Initial settings ..................................................................................................... 16

Exercise 1: main road ........................................................................................ 17 Task 1: entering the road gradient ...................................................................... 17 Task 2: labeling and stationing the main road ................................................ 25

Exercise 2: side road .......................................................................................... 31 Task 1: designing the side road ............................................................................ 32 Task 2: labeling and stationing the side road ................................................... 37 Task 3: skewing the roadsides ............................................................................... 40 Task 4: connecting the side road to the main road ........................................ 45

ii Contents Allplan 2012

Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module ................................... 49

Overview of exercises ....................................................................................... 50 Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model .............................. 50 Exercise 4: raising a 3D element .......................................................................... 52

Default settings .................................................................................................. 53

Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model ....................... 55 Task 1: placing terrain points ............................................................................... 55 Task 2: creating and optimizing a DTM ............................................................. 62 A note on meshing elements at the height of the terrain .......................... 66 Task 3: entering a breakline .................................................................................. 67 Task 4: drawing contour lines and labeling the DTM .................................... 68 Task 5: changing the smoothing factor of contour lines ............................. 72

Exercise 4: raising a 3D element ................................................................... 74

Unit 3: road construction ......................................................... 81

Overview of exercises ....................................................................................... 82 Exercise 5: importing DTM files ........................................................................... 82 Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section .................................... 83 Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient .................. 83 Exercise 8: torsion trace ......................................................................................... 84 Exercise 9: slope ....................................................................................................... 84 Exercise 10: computing cut and fill .................................................................... 85

Data on the Internet ......................................................................................... 86 Downloading data.................................................................................................... 86

Exercise 5: importing DTM files ..................................................................... 87

Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section ............................. 92

Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient ......... 102

Exercise 8: torsion trace ................................................................................. 105

Exercise 9: slope ............................................................................................... 109

Geodesy Contents iii

Exercise 10: computing the cut and fill .................................................... 111

Additional steps to edit the DTM ................................................................ 113

Unit 4: importing files ........................................................... 115

Exercise 11: importing file using an offset .............................................. 116

Appendix .................................................................................... 123

Bridge construction ......................................................................................... 124 Bridge cross-section .............................................................................................. 124 Designing the road ................................................................................................ 125 Task 1: defining the path ..................................................................................... 127 Task 2: entering cross-sections .......................................................................... 131 Task 3: exporting data .......................................................................................... 140

Index ........................................................................................... 145

iv Contents Allplan 2012

Geodesy Before you start ... 1

Before you start ... In this step-by-step guide, the most important tools of the Site Plan and Digital Terrain Model modules are presented to you in four units:

Unit 1 shows you how to create a site plan. Unit 2 shows you how to create a digital terrain

model.

Unit 3 contains additional exercises for road construction. You raise a road to the height of the terrain, create a slope and compute the cut and fill by comparing the original terrain with the modified terrain.

Unit 4 shows you how to use the offset to import and export files.

The appendix includes an example showing how to create a Bridge/Civil Engineering Component.

You can download the data required for units 3, 4 and the appendix from the Internet.

2 Requirements Allplan 2012

Requirements This step-by-step guide assumes that you are familiar with and have a working knowledge of Windows and Allplan 2012. The essentials are described in the manual and in the online Help.

You should work through the exercises in the given sequence as tools that are presented in more detail in the earlier exercises are only referred to by name in later exercises.

However, you can work through the four units in any sequence as all the given examples are independent exercises.

Feedback on the documentation We are always trying to improve the overall quality of our program documentation. Your comments and suggestions are important to us and we welcome feedback on the manuals and online help.

Please do not hesitate to contact us to express criticism or praise concerning the documentation. Feel free to contact us as follows:

Documentation NEMETSCHEK Allplan GmbH Konrad-Zuse-Platz 1 81829 Munich, Germany Phone: 0180 1 750000 Fax: 0180 1 750001 Email: [email protected]


Sources of information

Documentation

The Allplan documentation consists of the following:

The online Help is the main source of information for learning about and working with Allplan. While you work with Allplan, you can get help on the current function by pressing the F1 key, or activate Help on the Standard toolbar and click the icon on which you require help.

The Manual consists of two parts. The first part shows how to install Allplan. The second part is designed to provide an overview of basic concepts and terms in Allplan as well as introduce approaches for entering data in Allplan.

The Basics Tutorial guides you step by step through the most important tools for designing and modifying elements in Allplan.

The Architecture Tutorial guides you step by step through the process of designing a building. In addition, you learn how to analyze and evaluate the building data using lists and schedules and to output the results to a plotter.

The Engineering Tutorial guides you step by step through the process of creating key plans, general arrangement drawings and reinforcement drawings. In addition, you learn how to output the results to a plotter.

New Features in Allplan provide information on what's new in the latest version.

Each volume in the Step-by-Step series deals with a specific concept or series of tools/modules in Allplan in detail. The areas covered include data exchange, system administration, geodesy modules, presentation modules, 3D modeling etc. You can download these guides as PDF files in the Learn - Documents area of Allplan Connect (http://www.allplan-connect.com).

4 Sources of information Allplan 2012

Additional help

Tips on efficient usage

The ? menu includes Tips for efficient usage. This topic provides practical tips and tricks showing you how to use Allplan efficiently and how to carry out operations with ease.

Forum (for Serviceplus) customers

Allplan forum in Allplan Connect: users exchange information, valuable tips relating to everyday work and advice on specific tasks. Register now at www.allplan-connect.com

FAQs on the Internet

You can find up-to-date FAQs on the Internet at the following address: allplan-connect.com/faq

Feedback on the Help

If you have suggestions or questions on the online Help, or if you come across an error, send an e-mail to: [email protected]


Training, coaching and project support The type of training you are given is a decisive factor in the amount of time you actually spend working on your own projects: a professional introduction to the programs and advanced seminars for advanced users can save you up to 35% of your editing time!

A tailor-made training strategy is essential. Nemetscheks authorized seminar centers offer an extensive range of programs and are happy to work out a custom solution with you that will address your own needs and requirements:

Our sophisticated, comprehensive seminar program is the quickest way for professional users to learn how to use the new system.

Special seminars are designed for users who wish to extend and optimize their knowledge.

One-on-one seminars are best when it comes to addressing your own particular methods of working.

One-day crash courses, designed for office heads, convey the essentials in a compact format.

We are also happy to hold seminars on your premises: These encompass not only Allplan issues but include analysis and optimization of processes and project organization.

For more detailed information on the current training program, please consult our online seminar guide, which can be found on our homepage (http://www.nemetschek-training.de).

You can also contact us for full details

Phone: 0180 1 750000 Fax: 0180 1 750001

6 Project and drawing files Allplan 2012

Project and drawing files Start by creating a new project for the exercises in this step-by-step guide. You can create projects in ProjectPilot or by clicking Open Project on the File menu.

Note: The basic concepts of project organization are described in detail in the online Help.

To create a project in ProjectPilot

1 On the File menu, click ProjectPilot - Admin....

ProjectPilot opens.

2 On the File menu of ProjectPilot, click New Project.


3 The New Project - Specify Project Name dialog box opens. Enter Step by Step - Geodesy for the name of the new project and enable the Same folder name as project name option. Then click Next.

Tip: Offsets can be used to import supraregional country coordinates with high numbers (e.g. Gauss-Krger coordinates). Offsets always apply to the entire project. In unit 4, you will learn how to import files using an offset.

8 Project and drawing files Allplan 2012

4 Make sure that the offset is disabled and click Next to confirm.

5 Click Finish to confirm the last dialog box.

6 Close ProjectPilot by clicking Exit on the File menu.

You are back in Allplan 2012. The new project opens automatically.

This step-by-step guide requires the drawing files listed below. Before you get started, please create the following drawing files:

Unit Drawing file number

Drawing file name

1 1 Main road (location line + parallel lines) with label

2 Side road with connection to main road

2 11 Digital terrain model created by entering single points

3 21 Digital terrain model, imported

22 Computing cut and fill: digital terrain model, imported


23 Computing cut and fill: unedited digital terrain model

25 Unedited digital terrain model

4 31 Point file with free ASCII format, imported using an offset

Note: Allplan automatically names drawing files 22 and 23 when calculating the cut and fill.

10 Basic settings for the exercises Allplan 2012

Basic settings for the exercises All the exercises use the following basic settings.

To define basic settings

1 The Palette Configuration is active by default. Do not change this setting. You require an additional configuration toolbar. On the View menu, point to Toolbars and click Landscaping/Urban Planning.

2 Dock the Landscaping/Urban Planning toolbar in the right border of the viewport beside the Edit toolbar.

Advanced Draft flyout

Site Plan flyout

Digital Terrain Model flyout

Landscaping flyout

Urban Planning flyout

Modifications flyout

3 Set the unit of length in the border of the viewport to m.

4 Set the reference scale in the border of the viewport to 1:1000.

5 On the Format toolbar, select pen thickness 0.25 and linetype 1.

Tip: As the exercises in this guide make constant reference to the flyouts, we advise bookmarking or making a copy of this page.


Track tracing

Track tracing facilitates the intuitive design process. It is active by default.

To make settings for track tracing

1 Click Line (Create menu in the Draft module).

2 Click in the workspace with the right mouse button and select Track tracing options on the shortcut menu.

3 Make the required settings.

Note: You can quickly enable and disable track tracing at any time while entering points by pressing the F11 key or clicking

in the dialog line.

4 Click OK to confirm the settings and press ESC to quit the tool.

12 Basic settings for the exercises Allplan 2012

Geodesy Unit 1: Site Plan module 13

Unit 1: Site Plan module Site Plan is a module that includes a wide range of

tools that are particularly useful for road and bridge construction.

Amongst others, it includes tools for creating curves and slopes of any shape, as well as for location line labeling and stationing.

Additional tools are provided for creating point files and for exchanging these with geodetic stations, for example.

14 Overview of exercises Allplan 2012

Overview of exercises

Exercise 1: main road

Create individual elements

Combine the individual elements to produce a composite element

Create roadsides as parallel lines to the composite element

Define the labels for the road location line

Label the main curve points of the composite element

Disable the labels for the main curve points

Station the location line


Exercise 2: side road

Design the side road

Move the stations reference point

Station the side road

Skew the roadsides manually and in compliance with RAS

Connect side road to main road by filleting

16 Initial settings Allplan 2012

Initial settings First, set general defaults for the Site Plan module.

These general defaults are used in all exercises in this step-by-step guide.

To set general defaults for the Site Plan module

1 Click Options (Standard toolbar) and then Terrain.

2 Set the options in the Site plan and advanced draft area as shown below: Make sure that point symbols and lines are created as 3D elements.

3 Click OK to confirm the settings.


Exercise 1: main road It is advisable to create the main road and the side road in two separate drawing files so that you can see better and to reduce the volume of data per drawing file.

To create the main road, start by entering the road gradient. Then create the roadsides as parallel lines. After this, you can station and label the road.

Task 1: entering the road gradient

To begin with, a brief overview of the necessary steps:

Create the road location line first. The following step-by-step guide describes in detail how to do this.

For further editing, join the individual elements to form a composite element , which can then be addressed, modified and edited as a single entity.

You can use Modify Element Parameters to check the composite element once again.

Use Parallel Line Segments to create the roadsides and the shoulder.

First enter the elements of which the gradient consists. Use the Modify Element Parameters tool. The basic procedure is always the same:

Define the elements parameters on the context toolbar. While you are defining the element, it is displayed in construction line color on screen.

To ensure that the element has the same direction as the previous one, specify the start point as follows: define the previous element as the reference element and the end point as the reference point. This way, Allplan automatically uses the coordinates and direction defined by this point.

Finally, right-click in the workspace to confirm the settings. Now the element is created, and you can continue and enter the parameters for the next element.

18 Exercise 1: main road Allplan 2012

To enter parameters

1 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Standard toolbar), make drawing file 1 current and close all the others.

2 Click Modify Element Parameters (Site Plan flyout).

3 To define the start point of the first element, click XS (X coordinate in start point) on the Modify Element Parameters Context toolbar.

4 Define the start point of the first element using the global point setting. Click Global point in the dialog line.

5 Enter the following values for the global point: Global X coordinate: 5 Global Y coordinate: 5

6 Press ENTER to confirm.

Now the element is displayed on screen as a construction line based on the parameters you have set.

7 The first element is to be a line. To create a line, set the parameters Rad (Rs) and Rad (Re) to 0 and enter 20 for the arc Length. The context toolbar should now look like this:

Tip: If you enter the value 0 for the radius, Infinite is shown in the data entry box.


8 Right-click in the workspace to confirm the settings. The line is created using the pen thickness and line type currently set; Modify Element Parameters remains active.

9 On the context toolbar, click XS (X coordinate in start point) so that the following element (a circle) is connected directly to the line.

10 Click Delta point in the dialog line and then the line created previously to select it as the reference element. The direction is indicated by an arrow (see below). If the arrow has the wrong direction, you can change it using S->E or E->S in the input options.

11 Click the end point of the line to select it as the reference point (see below). The start point of the element automatically assumes the angle and the coordinates of this point.

12 Enter the following values on the context toolbar: Rad (Re) 80.000 A= 50.000

Tip: When designing circles, it is important to change the direction as circles are always created in a counter-clockwise direction.

11

Direction ofelement

10


13 Confirm the parameters. The clothoid is created. Your drawing should now look like this:

Use the values given in the table below to enter the other elements. All you need to do is enter the values that are shown in bold; Allplan automatically calculates the other values. Repeat the steps above:

On the context toolbar, click XS.

Double-click with the middle mouse button in the workspace to refresh the display so that you can see the drawing in its entirety.

Click the reference element (the element you created last).

If necessary, change the direction by clicking in the input options.

Click the reference point whose angle and coordinates you wish to adopt (the end point of the element you created last).

Enter the values as shown below (you only need to enter the values shown in bold).

Confirm the parameters.

2nd element (clothoid) 1st element (line)


Type Length m

Rad (Rs) m

Rad (Re) m

A =

Straight line already entered

Clothoid already entered

Circle 40.000 80.000 80.000 -

Spiral clothoid 45.9375 80.000 - 40.000 35.000

Circle 30.000 - 40.000 - 40.000 -

Spiral clothoid 50.000 - 40.000 40.000 31.6228

Circle 30.000 + 40.000 40.000 -

Spiral clothoid 45.9375 40.000 - 80.000 35.000

Circle 40.000 - 80.000 - 80.000 -

Clothoid 31.250 - 80.000 0.000 50.000

Straight line 20.000 0.000 0.000 -

14 Press ESC to quit the Modify Element Parameters tool. The result should now look like this:


The next step is to combine the individual elements to produce a composite element, which can then be addressed, modified and edited as a single entity.

To combine elements to produce a composite element

1 Click Composite Element (Advanced Draft flyout).

2 Enter a name for the composite element.

Note: By assigning a name, you can select the composite element without having to click it. This is very useful if several composite elements are within a small area.

3 To define a reference element, click an element of the location line.

4 Double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to select all connected entities.

5 Press ESC to quit the tool.

Note: The individual elements are displayed using line type 5 and different colors. This is in accordance with the settings you made in the options. Color display depends on the setting of Color stands for pen in Show/Hide (Standard toolbar). If you do not want to display the individual elements in this manner, switch off the Dsp Ce parameter in the Modify Composite Element tool.


In the steps that follow, you will learn how to check the data of composite elements and of the associated individual elements.

To check data

1 Click Modify Element Parameters (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the composite element. The Context toolbar displays the parameters of the composite element.

3 The Elements box shows the number of the individual element clicked and the total number of elements in the composite element. Clicking in the data entry box opens another Context toolbar containing the parameters of the corresponding individual element.

4 Press ESC to quit the Modify Element Parameters tool.

Note: To peg out road location lines, you can create a list including the individual elements and print it out: Click File Interface and create a composite element file; enable the Show option and confirm the settings.

Then place the list in the workspace. You can use Print Preview to print out the list on a printer.


Now you will create the roadsides as parallel lines to the composite element. The road is to be 7 m wide.

To create parallel lines

1 Click Parallel Line Segments (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the location line.

3 Click Selected element in its entirety in the input options as you want to create a parallel line to the entire segment.

4 Enter 3.50 for the offset.

5 Click below the composite element to specify the side on which the parallel line is to be created.

6 Enter 1 for the number. This creates the roadside on the right.

7 Create the parallel line for the roadside on the left. Enter -7.00 for the offset and 1 for the number. Your drawing should now look like this:

8 Press ESC to quit Parallel Line Segments.


Task 2: labeling and stationing the main road

Now you will label the main curve points and stationing points of the route. This involves two steps:

First, click Modify Composite Element to define the label. You can set a different label type, symbol and offset for stationing points and main curve points.

Then, use the Label tool for the actual labeling. If the element or the composite element has not been stationed yet, the labels of the stationing points are only displayed after you have stationed the element/composite element.

To define the labels

1 Click Modify Composite Element (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the road location line. The Context toolbar shows the current settings.

3 Set the parameters as follows: Statio (station's label type): Normal St Sym (station's point symbol number): 2 St Off (spacing between station text in mm): 0 (= automatic) Label (element's label type): Layout Lb Sym (labels point symbol number): 1 Lb Off (element label offset in mm): 18 Lb Dir (label direction): S -> E Dsp Ce (display composite elements): Yes Ts L/S (text size factor): 0.8


4 Click the Toggle on the right and set the text height to 2.5 and the text width to 2.0.

5 Click the Toggle again and click OK to confirm the settings. This defines the parameters for the labels. The next step is to label the elements.

6 Press ESC to quit the Modify Composite Element tool.

Next, you will label the main curve points of the location line. First, you need to define the size of the point symbols using the Terrain Point tool.

To label the route

1 Click Terrain Point (Advanced Draft flyout).

2 On the context toolbar, click Symbol. In the dialog box, set the symbol size to 1.0.

3 Confirm the settings.

4 Press ESC to quit the Terrain Point tool.

5 In the Tools palette, select the Terrain family and open the Site Plan module.

6 Click Label (Tools palette, Create area).

The Label Site Plan setting is active in the input options. Leave it as it is.


7 Click the road location line. The composite element is labeled based on the parameters you have set. Your drawing should now look like this:

8 Press ESC to quit the Label tool.

Now you will station the composite element. The stationing points are labeled according to the settings in Modify Composite Element.

To station the location line

1 First, deactivate the labels of the elements again by clicking Modify Composite Element.

2 Click the composite element (see below).

3 To deactivate the labels of the elements, set Label to No and click to switch Lb Sym off. To specify the station label offset, enter

5 in the St Off data entry box.


4 Click OK to confirm the settings. This defines the label.

5 Click Station Element (Site Plan flyout) to station the composite element.

Do not change the Selected element in its entirety setting in the input options.

6 Click the composite element (see below).

7 Set the station difference to 10. This stations the composite element. The stationing points are labeled according to the settings in Modify Composite Element. Your drawing should now look like this:

8 Press ESC to quit the Station Element tool.

Note: The tools in the Site Plan module let you create station labels that best suit your own preferences and requirements. In addition, you can also specify the direction and start point of stationing. The pages that follow provide an overview of the options available for setting the reference point, the reference points default station and the direction of stationing.


Reference point of stationing:

Starting from this point, the stationing is implemented. In the case of composite elements, the reference point is displayed as a cross (in construction line format). You can move the reference point using Ref Pnt provided in the Modify Element Parameters tool.

Reference points default station:

The value used to station the reference point (see above). You can change this setting using Def Sta in Modify Element Parameters.

Stationing direction:

The direction of stationing. Click Modify Composite Element and Lb Dir to change the direction of the stationing. You can only change the direction when the composite element is not labeled.


Examples:

Reference point = 5 Default station = 7,5Label direction: S->E

Reference point = 5 Default station = 0

Label direction: S->E


Label direction: S->E


Exercise 2: side road This exercise involves designing the side road, which you will connect to the main road by filleting. Use a separate drawing file for the side road.


Label direction: E->S

32 Exercise 2: side road Allplan 2012

Task 1: designing the side road

The side road starts at station 217.88 of the main road and is to be perpendicular to the main road. To design the first element (line), use the Perpendicular tool. To create the other elements, use Modify Element Parameters.

To create the side road (first element)

1 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Standard toolbar) and make drawing file 2 current. Open drawing file 1 in edit mode.

2 Click Perpendicular (Create menu in the Draft module).

3 Click the location line of the main road (see below).

4 To define the start point of the side road, right-click in the workspace and select Offset by line on the shortcut menu.

5 Click the location line of the main road (see below) and, if necessary, move the reference point to the start of the location line (station 0).

6 In the dialog line, enter 217.88 for Offset to reference point and -15 for Offset to element and press ENTER to confirm.

7 Press ESC to quit the Perpendicular tool.

This completes the first element of the side road.

Note: You can use the Station Element tool in conjunction with the Part setting (Input options) to create the station for the

First element of side road

3

5


side road's start point and thus check whether the value is correct.

The other elements of the side road are created using the Modify Element Parameters tool, which is familiar to you from the first exercise.

To design the side road (other elements)

1 Click Modify Element Parameters.

2 To define the start point, click XS on the context toolbar.

3 To define the reference element, click the line of the side road (see below).

4 To define the reference point, click the end point of the line. The coordinates and the angle of this point are adopted (see below).

5 To create the first clothoid, enter the following values on the context toolbar: Rad (Re) -30.000 A= 20.000


6 Right-click in the workspace to confirm the settings. This creates the second element of the side road.

Clothoid

Line (perpendicular)


7 Enter the other elements using the values given in the table below.

Type Length m

Rad (Rs) m

Rad (Re) m

A =

Straight line already designed as a perpendicular

Clothoid already designed

Circle 15.000 - 30.000 - 30.000 -

Spiral clothoid 18.750 - 30.000 + 20.000 15.000

Circle 12.000 + 20.000 + 20.000 -

Clothoid 11.250 + 20.000 0.000 15.000

Straight line 20.000 + 0.000 0.000 -

8 Press ESC to quit Modify Element Parameters. Your drawing should now look like this:


You will combine the individual elements of the side road to produce a composite element and create parallel lines at a distance of 3 m from the location line in the steps that follow.

To generate a composite element and to create parallel lines

1 To create a composite element, click Composite Element (Advanced Draft flyout).

2 Enter a name for the composite element and click a reference element on the side road. Then click twice in the workspace with the right mouse button so that all elements are included in the composite element. The start point of the composite element (= reference point of stationing) is indicated by a cross in construction line format.

3 Click Parallel Line Segments (Advanced Draft flyout).

4 Create the parallel lines at a distance of 3 m from the road location line. Your drawing should now look like this:


Tip: Here the approach is only outlined briefly. For a detailed description, please refer to Exercise 1: main road (on page 22).


Task 2: labeling and stationing the side road

Now you will station and label the side road. The stationing is to begin at the main road with a value of 0. Start by changing the label direction and moving the reference point to the point where the two road location lines intersect.

To define the label


2 Click the side road (see below).

3 Set the parameters for the label: Statio (station's label type): Normal St Sym (station's point symbol number): 2 St Off (spacing between station text in mm): 5 Lb Dir (label direction): E -> S Define the other parameters as shown.


5 Press ESC to quit the Modify Composite Element tool.

6 To modify the reference point of the stationing, click Modify Element Parameters (Site Plan flyout).

7 Click the side road.

8 On the Context toolbar, click Ref Pnt.

Tip: If you want to see the direction of the composite element, right-click in the workspace before you select the composite element, click

Offset by line on the shortcut menu and then click the composite element. The direction is indicated by an arrow.


9 Click the point where the main road and the side road intersect to define it as the new reference point.

The new reference point is indicated by a cross in construction line format.


10 If you want, you can now station the elements without having to activate the Station Element tool. All you need to do is click Spacing on the Context toolbar, enter 10 and confirm the entry. This stations the composite element. Your drawing should now look like this:

11 Press ESC to quit the Modify Element Parameters tool.


Task 3: skewing the roadsides

Tight curves, road openings, etc. sometimes need to be enlarged in order to accommodate heavy trucks, for example. You can perform the enlargement manually or automatically (according to RAS guidelines).

Both procedures are presented in this chapter.

Before you start, disable the stationing of the road location line so that you can see better. Then station the roadside on the right. The stations are to be spaced at 5 m.

To station the roadside on the right


2 Click the road location line. Click the Statio data entry box and set the label type to No.

3 Confirm the settings. The label is no longer displayed; Modify Composite Element remains active.

4 Click the roadside on the right.

5 On the Context toolbar, click Statio and set the label type to Normal.

6 Click Lb Dir and set the label direction to E -> S.

7 Confirm the settings.

8 Click Station Element (Site Plan flyout) to station the roadside.



10 Enter 5 for the spacing. Your drawing should now look like this:



You will skew the roadside from station -85 to station -60 manually.

To skew the roadside manually

The Site Plan module (Terrain family) is selected In the Tools palette.

1 Click Skew (Tools palette, Create area).

2 In the input options, click Manual to skew the roadside manually.


4 Enter 6 for the number of stations. This way, you can define values for the skew at six stations. The Station-Dependent Skew dialog box opens. Enter the station in the column on the left and the value by which the roadside is to be skewed at this station in the column on the right.

5 Enter the values as shown below:


6 Confirm your entries.

The roadside is skewed manually. Your drawing should now look like this:

The stationing points show the skew clearly.

7 Press ESC to quit the Skew tool.

Skew manual

3


As an alternative, you will now use RAS guidelines to skew the roadside from station -60 to station -20.

To skew according to RAS guidelines

1 Click Skew.

2 Click the roadside on the right (see below).

3 Click the start point of the skew (see below). This is the end point of the manual skew you performed beforehand.

4 Click the end point of the skew or enter the value at the keyboard. The end point is at station -20.

5 Enter the offset in the end point by clicking this point again or entering the value 0. Your drawing should now look like this:

Tip: If the Skew tool is still active, you can simply click RAS in the Input options.

Skew acc. to RAS

2

3

4


6 Press ESC to quit the Skew tool.

7 Click Modify Composite Element (Site Plan flyout). Switch off the station label for the roadside and switch on the one for the road location line.

Task 4: connecting the side road to the main road

Finally, you will connect the roadsides of the side road to the main road by filleting. You first need to isolate the roadsides from the composite element.

To connect the side road to the main road by filleting

1 Click Explode Composite Element (Advanced Draft flyout).

2 Click the two roadsides of the side road one after the other (see below).

3 Press ESC to quit the Explode Composite Element tool.

4 Use the shortcut menu to open the drawing file with the main road. Click an element of the main road with the right mouse button (see below).

5 Click Change Drawing File Status on the shortcut menu and then Current in the dialog box.

This makes drawing file 1 current and opens drawing file 2 in edit mode.

Tip: A composite element can only be exploded in the current drawing file.


6 Click Explode Composite Element again and click the (top) left roadside of the main road.

7 Click Fillet and Tangent (Site Plan flyout).

8 To define the first element, click the right roadside of the side road (see below).

9 To specify the second element, click the (top) left roadside of the main road (see below).

10 Enter 8.0 for the radius of the fillet. Several circles are presented for selection.

11 Click the appropriate circle (see below).

Tip: You can also use the Fillet tool (Change menu in the Draft module).


12 As you do not want to reduce the radius, confirm the prompt displayed in the dialog line.

13 You can now create the other fillet by repeating the steps described above. The fillet is drawn.

14 Use Delete (Edit toolbar) and Delete Segment of Line (Change menu in the Draft module) to delete the superfluous lines. Your drawing should now look like this:

Geodesy Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module 49

Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

You can use the tools in the Digital Terrain Model module to edit and model terrain data in three-dimensional space.

Based on point data which can be entered manually or imported as a file, a three-dimensional model is created by meshing points to form triangles. Special areas (e.g., building plots) can be defined in this model and cut out later during the edit phase.

This unit will introduce you to the most important tools of the Digital Terrain Model module.

In particular you will learn how to

Place individual terrain points in a grid Create a three-dimensional model based on individual

points

Add points to a DTM and optimize the grid Create contour lines and elevation points Label the terrain Raise 3D elements to the height of the terrain



Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Place points in a grid

Mesh points to form a digital terrain model

Add more points to the model


Enter a breakline

Draw contour lines in the DTM

Label contour lines along a contour gradient

Label grid points

Change the smoothing factor of contour lines by modifying the DTM


Exercise 4: raising a 3D element

Create a standard 3D element

Raise the 3D element to the height of the terrain

Create a cutaway around the 3D element


Default settings

To set general defaults for the Digital Terrain Model module

1 Click Options (Standard toolbar).

The Terrain page you selected in unit 1 is still open. If it isnt, select it now.

2 Set the options in the Digital terrain model area as shown below:

54 Default settings Allplan 2012


4 Click Representation (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

5 In the dialog box, activate the display of all elements according to the following illustration to ensure that all DTM elements are visible on screen.



Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Task 1: placing terrain points

In the task that follows, you will terrain points as individual points. Start by creating a grid with a spacing of 2 m to help you place the point symbols exactly.

To define a grid



3 To define a grid, click Grid Settings on the View menu.

4 To define the global point of the grid, enter 0 for both the X axis and the Y axis.

5 To define the width of the grid, enter a value of 2 for both the X axis and the Y axis.

6 On the View menu, click Grid on/off to display the grid on screen.

Tip: You should assign a point number to all the points you are placing. This way, you can compute the cut and fill without any problems later.

56 Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model Allplan 2012

To place terrain points in a grid

1 Click Terrain Point (Advanced Draft flyout).

2 Click Pnt No and enter 1. The points are numbered, starting at number 1.

3 Click Symbol, select symbol 1, set the symbol size to 5 and select the Constant size in layout option (see below).

4 Click Text, select the Additional text check box, set the text parameters as shown, clear the Additional text check box again and click OK to confirm your settings.

Tip: Point numbers are also displayed when the coordinates are checked by means of the measurement tool.

Tip: You will also use these text parameters to label the DTM later. It is advisable to disable the Additional text option again. Otherwise, you have to press ESC each time you enter a terrain point in order to skip the prompt for additional text.


5 Click Height and enter 0 for the height of the first point.

6 Set the other parameters as shown below:

7 Click the Toggle and define the text parameters as shown below:

This defines the text size for the label of the grid points.

8 Click the Toggle again to confirm the settings.

9 Click in the workspace with the right mouse button, choose Point snap options on the shortcut menu and select Grid point.

10 In the lower border of the viewport, click Reduce View and place the first terrain point on a grid point at top left (see illustration below).

Tip: For the label, you can enter an alphanumeric value that is up to 12 characters long. The terrain point and thus the points of the digital terrain model can be labeled with this value.


11 Place the other points as shown below (construction lines, point labels and the numbers of the axes are visible in this illustration to help you place the point symbols; this information is not displayed on your screen). On the context toolbar, assign the height given below to each point symbol. You do not need to change the other parameters.


13 On the View menu, click Grid on/off to hide the grid again.


Note: When creating points, make sure that you always use point numbers right from the beginning. You will need them later on when it comes to computing the cut and fill.

Assigning point numbers

With the tools in the Site Plan module used for creating point symbols (e.g Terrain Point, Station Element, Divide Element, Label, Perpendicular through Station, File Interface), point numbers can be assigned automatically. The point number, which consists of a maximum of eight digits, is made up of a four-digit primary point number and a four-digit secondary point number.

The point numbers are defined as follows:

In Terrain Point, Label and File Interface, the settings under Pr Pnt (constant primary point number) and Pnt No (start point of secondary point number) in Terrain Point are used.


In Divide Element, Station Element and Perpendicular Through Station, the point numbers can be defined using Terrain point definition (on the shortcut menu when entering points).


Primary point number

It represents the constant part of the point number. Entering 0 will set this off, i.e., no primary point number is used.

In site plan-specific Terrain point definition, the primary point number can be transferred automatically from an existing location line number (for example, when using Perpendicular through Station). In order for the number to be transferred automatically, the name of the composite element must include an encrypted number beginning with #N. For example: The name Location Line #123 used for a composite element generates the primary point number 123. When automatically transferring the number, the option for manually setting the number is unavailable.

Secondary point number

It represents the dynamic part of the point number; this value will increase with each consecutive point. Enter 0 to switch this off. In Perpendicular through Station, the secondary point number is transferred automatically from the reference element for composite elements.

To assign point numbers later, use Modify Terrain Point.


Task 2: creating and optimizing a DTM

Next, you will create the actual digital terrain model by meshing the individual points to form triangles.

To create the grid

1 Click Mesh/Optimize Grid (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Double-click in the workspace with the right mouse button to select all points or use the left mouse button to open a selection rectangle enclosing all the points.

This creates the digital terrain model. Your drawing should now look like this:

3 Press ESC to quit the Mesh/Optimize Grid tool.


In your daily work, you often need to add points to an existing digital terrain model. First you will place the points using the Terrain Point tool and then you will integrate them into the model. Allplan will automatically optimize the digital terrain model.

Adding grid points to DTM

1 On the View menu, click Grid on/off to display the grid on screen again.

2 Click Terrain Point (Repeat menu / Advanced Draft flyout). The context toolbar should look like this:

If you have just entered the terrain points, the parameters set are still correct. Otherwise, set the parameters as described in Task 1: placing terrain points (on page 55).


3 Place the two points as shown below. The height of the points is important:


5 On the Repeat menu, click Grid on/off to hide the grid again.


The next step is to integrate these two points into the digital terrain model.

To add elements to the DTM

1 Click Grid Point (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Select the two points you want to mesh with the DTM.

3 Click the DTM.

The two points are added to and meshed with the DTM. Meshing is based on the principle of achieving a "minimum total of triangle sides".

The following illustration shows the optimized grid; the dashed lines show the grid before the optimization:

4 Press ESC to quit the Grid Point tool.


A note on meshing elements at the height of the terrain

You can also use the Mesh Element with DTM tool to add elements to the grid. The height of the points meshed is interpolated to the terrain. You can then optimize the DTM.

To mesh elements and optimize the DTM

1 Click Mesh Element with DTM (Digital Terrain Model flyout) and click the DTM.

2 Do not change the Polyline setting in the Input options and select the two points you want to mesh with the DTM.

Allplan creates new grid lines. Please note that the interpolation to the height of the terrain produces new height values for the points.


4 In the Input options, click Optimize.

5 Select the two new grid points.

Meshing is based on the principle of achieving a "minimum total of triangle sides".

6 Press ESC to quit the Mesh/Optimize Grid tool.

Tip: You can use the Grid Point tool to modify the height of grid points later.


Task 3: entering a breakline

The task that follows involves specifying a breakline in the terrain. You can use this tool to define terrain edges such as slopes, for example. Triangles with these mandatory grid lines are not optimized and calculated as breaklines.

To enter a breakline

1 Click Breakline (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM in which you want to create a breakline.

3 Click the first point of the breakline (see below).

4 Click the second point of the breakline (see below).

5 Press ESC twice to finish entering points and to quit the Breakline tool.

Tip: Define the color used to display the breakline in the module's Options.


Note: Two additional tools are provided for editing digital terrain models:

Exterior Boundary: You can use this tool to create a new exterior boundary for the DTM. The exterior boundary defines the area of a DTM within which Allplan will perform calculations, apply labeling and update data automatically.

Cutaway: You can use this tool to insert cutaways in a DTM. Contour lines, elevation points and labels are not displayed within these regions.

Task 4: drawing contour lines and labeling the DTM

To draw contour lines

1 Click Contour line (Digital Terrain Model flyout) and select line color 7.

2 Click the DTM in which you want to create the contour lines.

3 You are prompted for the minimum and maximum height. Press ENTER to confirm each time.

This way, contour lines are created for the entire DTM.

4 Enter 0.5 for the difference in height.

This defines the spacing between the contour lines. The contour lines are created; the following should now be displayed on your screen.

Tip: Contour lines can easily be deleted using the Delete incl. Contours and Elevation Points tool.

Tip: You can use the Grid Point tool to modify the height of grid points later. The contour lines update automatically.


Next, you will label the contour lines. In detail, the points of intersection between contour lines and a contour gradient that you will enter are labeled. The location of the contour line labels and the number of decimal places are defined in the module's Options.

To label contour lines

1 Click Label Triangles, Contours, Points (Digital Terrain Model flyout) and select line color 7 again.

2 In the input options, click Cont (contour line).

3 Click the DTM.

4 Click the start point of the contour gradient (see below).

5 Click the end point of the contour gradient (see below).

Tip: The font size used to label the contour lines depends on the settings in

.


The contour lines are labeled based on the settings made in the Options.

Your drawing should now look like this:

6 Press ESC twice to finish entering the contour gradients and to quit Label Triangles, Contours, Points.


Now you will label the grid points. The font size depends on the settings in Terrain Point.

To label grid points

1 Click Label Triangles, Contours, Points (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 In the input options, click Point.

3 Click the DTM.

4 Use the left mouse button to enclose all the points of the DTM in a selection rectangle.

The drawing should now look like this:

5 Press ESC to quit the Label Triangles, Contours, Points tool.

Tip: The font size used to label the grid points depends on the settings in Terrain Point.


Task 5: changing the smoothing factor of contour lines

As the value for the smoothing factor is set to Linear in the Digital terrain model area of the Terrain options, the contour lines are drawn linearly between the individual grid lines. If you want the contour lines to be displayed more exactly, you need to increase the smoothing factor in the Terrain options before you create the DTM. Alternatively, use the Modify DTM tool.

To increase the smoothing factor and the number of decimal places for contour lines

1 Click Modify DTM (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM you want to modify.

3 On the context toolbar, click Factor and set the smoothing factor to 10.

4 Click Point and set the point label type to H + No (height + number).

5 Click Decim. and set the decimal places in contour line labels to 1.

Tip: The smoothing factor only affects contour lines, elevation points and interpolations, and not cut and fill, slope and surface calculations, etc. The higher the factor, the more time is required for large models.



The contour lines adapt accordingly. Your drawing should now look like this:

As you can see, the contour line labels also update automatically.

7 Press ESC to quit the Modify DTM tool.

74 Exercise 4: raising a 3D element Allplan 2012

Exercise 4: raising a 3D element In the last exercise of this unit, you will create a simple 3D element (consisting of two boxes) and raise it to the height of the terrain. Before you do this, however, you need to assign the same group number to these two boxes to ensure correct results. Finally, you will check the position of the building in the terrain by creating a cutaway around the 3D element.

To create a 3D element

1 In the Tools palette, select the Bonus Tools family and open the 3D Modeling module.

2 On the Window menu, click 3 Viewports.

3 Click Box (Tools palette, Create area), open the Point snap options and clear the Grid point check box.

4 In plan view, specify the corner of the first box (see below).

5 Enter the following values: X coordinate: 6 Y coordinate: 4 Z coordinate: 3

6 In isometric view, define the start point of the second box (see below).

7 Enter the following values: X coordinate: 2 Y coordinate: 2 Z coordinate: 1


8 Press ESC to quit the Box tool. Your drawing should now look like this:


3D elements are always raised segment by segment; in other words, every individual segment is raised to the height given. The two boxes need to be combined into one entity group to ensure that their height settings are retained. Otherwise, the position of the two boxes relative to one another would change.

To assign the same group number to 3D elements

1 Click Modify Format Properties (Edit toolbar).

2 Click Match parameters at bottom left in the Modify Format Properties dialog box.

3 Click one of the two boxes.

The group number of the box clicked appears in the Group number line.

4 Clear all the check boxes in the dialog box with the exception of Group number and Line color, select line color 5 and click OK to confirm.

5 Click the two boxes in plan view.

Now both boxes have the same group number.

6 Press ESC to quit Modify Format Properties.

Tip: The two boxes can be grouped automatically. To do this, click Assign Group Number on the Format menu before you create them.


3D elements can be raised to the minimum, maximum or mean height. You can also enter a constant height. This exercise uses the mean height. To determine this value, Allplan calculates the height of the element in all its corners.

To raise 3D elements

1 In the Tools palette, select the Terrain family and open the Digital Terrain Model module.

2 Click Raise 3D Elements (Tools palette, Change area).

3 Click the DTM.

4 Select the two boxes by clicking them with the middle and then left mouse button. This selects the entire group.

Make sure that plan view is active when you click the two boxes.

5 In the input options, click Mean to raise the 3D element to a mean height. The following illustration shows the effects of the Min, Max and Mean options.

Min Max Mean

6 Press ESC twice to quit the Raise 3D Elements tool.


Although you have raised the 3D element to the mean height of the terrain, it is still not possible to see how the height calculated by Allplan and the actual terrain heights behave in the building area. To achieve this, you will create a cutaway around the 3D element.

Before you do this, however, you need to mesh the corners of the element with the DTM.

To mesh elements with the DTM

1 Click Mesh Element with DTM (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM.

3 Click Polyline in the Input options.

4 Click the 3D element.

Points are meshed with the DTM and interpolated to terrain height at the corners of the element. The DTM should now look like this in plan view:

5 Press ESC to quit Mesh Element with DTM.


To create a cutaway around the 3D element

1 Click Cutaway (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM.

3 Click the four corners of the 3D element one after the other and press ESC to finish. To finish, click the first point again.

The cutaway is created. In isometric view, you can see how the terrain behaves around the 3D element.

You can see, for example, that the building corner at top left is above the height of the terrain. You can use Raise 3D Elements to lower it.

4 Press ESC to quit the Cutaway tool.

5 Set the view to 1 Viewport (Window menu).

Cutaway

Building edge

Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 81

Unit 3: road construction In this unit, you will define routes and roads using the tools in the Digital Terrain Model and Site Plan modules.

In particular you will learn how to

Import data of points and composite elements as a file Create a profile section from a DTM and activate this

section

Adjust a road location line to a gradient Create and use a torsion trace to determine the

transverse slope of a route

Create a slope Compute the fill in the terrain



Exercise 5: importing DTM files

Import data of points and composite elements into the user's data exchange directory

Import files to the current drawing file


Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section

Define a profile section along the road location line through the terrain

Place an extract

Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient

Draw a gradient in the extract

Adjust the height of the road location line to the gradient

Height

Station

Height

Station


Exercise 8: torsion trace

Create a torsion trace

Adjust roadsides automatically to the transverse slope determined by the torsion trace

Exercise 9: slope

Create a slope


Exercise 10: computing cut and fill

To compute the fill

86 Data on the Internet Allplan 2012

Data on the Internet You can download the data required for the exercises in this guide from the Internet.

Downloading data

You can download the training data from Allplan Connect, the international service portal for all Allplan users.

Go to www.allplan-connect.com

Use your customer number and email address to register. Registration is free and not subject to any conditions. The whole process only takes a few minutes.

You can find the training data for this step-by-step guide in Allplan Connect in the Learn area - Documents - Step by Step.

In addition to the training data, you can find the latest version of this document as a PDF file.

Open the zipped file and copy all data to any folder (C:\data\allgeo, for example).

Note: Serviceplus customers have access to a number of advanced step-by-step guides in Allplan Connect's Learn area. It usually takes one to two working days until you can access this restricted area and download these documents. Please note that this service is available to Serviceplus customers only.

For general information on Serviceplus, go to http://www.nemetschek.de/serviceplus


Exercise 5: importing DTM files You will create a realistic digital terrain model based on a finished point file. This way, you do not have to enter all points manually. In this section you will import the file and create a DTM by meshing the points.

The entire process involves five steps:

In the Services application, import the files (for the DTM and the road location line) into the current project.

Import the point file into the current drawing file.

Mesh the points to form a digital terrain model.

Copy the DTM to another drawing file (for computing the cut and fill).

Import the road location line as a composite element (in the Site Plan module).

To import files into the data exchange folder

1 Switch to the Services application.

2 Click DXF/DWG, point to DTM files and choose Restore DTM files.

Tip: As an alternative to the Services application, you can also use the Import function in / File Interface to import the files. This method is described in unit 4.

88 Exercise 5: importing DTM files Allplan 2012

3 A dialog box opens. Select the folder to which the files are to be imported.

4 As the point files are to be copied to a subfolder, select User exchange folder and click OK to confirm. The Browse for Folder dialog box opens where Allplan prompts you to specify the source of the data.


5 Select the folder with the data (e.g. C:\data\allgeo) and click OK to confirm.

If you use this step-by-step guide as a PDF file on CD, insert the CD in the appropriate drive and then navigate to this drive: :\DATA\ALLGEO Click OK to confirm.

6 The Multi-select dialog box appears.

7 Click allgeo.re1 and wegachse.re1 and click OK to confirm.

The files are imported into the users data exchange folder ...\Allplan\Usr\Local\i_o.

90 Exercise 5: importing DTM files Allplan 2012

The next step is to import the terrain model onto a separate drawing file. In advance you use Terrain Point to specify which parameters are to be assigned to the points (symbol, text, size, etc.) to be imported.

To import the point file into the current drawing file

1 Switch back to Allplan 2012.



4 To define the parameters for the points to be imported, click Terrain Point (Advanced Draft flyout).

5 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar:

Click Text and disable Additional text and Special text. By doing so, the points are not labeled when they are imported.

Click Symbol, select symbol 1 and set the symbol size to 1.

Enter the other parameters as shown below. You do not need to set Pnt No (point number) exactly as the points have already numbers (from the file). But the point number has to be enabled so that points created later are numbered.


7 To import the point file, click File Interface (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

Tip: As an alternative to the Services application, you can also import the files (for the DTM and the road location line) into the users data exchange folder by clicking the Import button.


8 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar: F Type: Coor F (coordinate file) F Ext: re1 I/O: I File (input file) Set the other parameters as shown.

9 Click Apply to confirm the settings.

A dialog box opens in which all files with the filename extension re1 in the user folder are listed.

10 Choose the allgeo file.

The file is imported to the current drawing file.

11 Press ESC to quit the File Interface tool.

12 In the lower border of the viewport, click Refresh to display all the points. Your drawing should now look like this:

Tip: If you want to label points you have already imported at a later stage: 1st Create a coordinate file from the points you want to label (using the File Interface tool). 2nd Delete the points on the drawing file or switch to a different drawing file (otherwise the points exist twice). 3rd Select the desired text (in

Terrain Point). 4th Import the points again.

92 Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section Allplan 2012

Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section

In the following exercise, you will create the digital terrain model by meshing points to form triangles. Then you will copy the DTM to a different drawing file so that the original terrain is available for subsequent cut and fill calculations. Finally, you will import the file with the road location line.

To mesh points to form a digital terrain model


2 Double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to address all the points in the drawing file.

3 Press ESC to quit the Mesh/Optimize Grid tool. The DTM should now look like this:

Tip: If the grid lines are not displayed, check the settings in the Representation tool (Digital Terrain Model flyout).


As the original terrain is required for subsequent cut and fill calculations, copy the imported model to another drawing file.

4 On the File menu, click Copy, Move Elements between Documents....

5 The Across documents dialog box opens. Select the Copy option and click OK to confirm.

6 Select drawing file 25 and click OK to confirm.

7 In the input options, click All or double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to address all the elements in the drawing file.

The Copy, Move Elements between Documents tool closes automatically.

8 To import the file with the road location line, click File Interface (Advanced Draft flyout).

9 On the context toolbar, click F Type, select Composite element and click Apply to confirm the settings.


10 Select the file called wegachse.

The result should look like this (the illustration shows the road location line highlighted in blue):

11 As 'Create composite element with fixed format properties' is selected in the Options and Color stands for pen is not selected in Show/Hide (Standard toolbar), the composite element is displayed in different colors.

Road location line


The next step is to define a profile section through the terrain. The imported road location line will serve as the bearer element. Based on this profile section, you will then generate an extract and draw the gradient.

To create a profile section

1 Click Profile Section (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM of which you want to create a profile section.

3 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar:

Grid: Yes

Stat S: 0 (automatic station difference, only possible when Grid is set to Yes or Spec)

P Type: Longit

4 Set the other parameters as shown:


5 Click the road location line to define the section line.

Tip: If you have not clicked the road location line exactly, an orthogonal section line is created. Press ESC to quit the tool, click

Undo (Standard toolbar), zoom in on the DTM and start again!

6 Press ESC to quit the Profile Section tool. The road location line is stationed at the points where it intersects the grid lines.


Now you will create an extract and place it below the DTM.

To place an extract

1 Click Activate Profile Section (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the profile section.

Note: If the warning Define Pattern Line first! appears when you click the profile section, select Pattern Line Settings (Format toolbar), choose any pattern line and click OK to confirm.

3 Set the following parameters on the Context toolbar:

Note: Make sure that the Aspect parameter is set to 1.

4 Place the extract below the DTM.

5 Press ESC to quit the Activate Profile Section tool. The extract should look like this:

Height

Station


Reference height of horizon and reference scale of height

The reference horizon's upper limit and the height's reference scale are mutually dependent. Allplan calculates the reference horizon based on the values you specify for the height level and the smallest height of the terrain.

In this example, the profile is defined by 5.00 and 15.00 [mm] for the terrain above the profile box. With the height's reference scale set to 1:1000, these values result in a length of 20.00 m. The smallest height of the terrain is -13.068 m. The maximum height of the reference horizon is thus -13,068 20,00 = -33.068 m.

When you enter 500 for the height's reference scale, the same values result in a length of 10.00 m and the maximum height of the reference horizon is -13.068 10.00 = -23.068 m. This value is displayed in the Input options when you select the horizon. When you change the height's reference scale to 1000, Allplan will automatically set the height of the reference horizon to the maximum value.


Next, you will delete the profile section as it is no longer required.

To delete the profile using the DTM filter

The Digital Terrain Model module (Terrain family) is selected in the Tools palette.

1 Click Delete incl. Contours and Elevation Points (Tools palette, Change area).

2 To delete the profile section only, use a filter. On the Filter Assistant toolbar, click Filter by DTM Element Type (Filter by Element Type flyout):

3 Select Profile section and click OK to confirm.

4 Use the left mouse button to open a selection rectangle around the entire profile section.

5 Press ESC to quit the Delete incl. Contours and Elevation Points tool.


Using several profiles in an extract

You can also use several profiles (even from different DTMs) in an extract.

Several identical profiles in an extract

You can display the original status, planning, and spoil status of a terrain in an extract in order to measure the differences in area, for example. To do this, create a profile section for each DTM with an identical clipping line (for example, by using the same bearer element each time). Activate all the drawing files and select the relevant clipping lines.

Example of a longitudinal profile with several horizons:

Center of

Height lines without skew

Station

BBB

AAA

Ref. height

A=10.37 m2

A=10.84 m2

Actual level

Planned level

Section: AAA Scale 1:100/50


Several different profiles in an extract

What is important when creating the profile sections is the stationing of the individual profiles. For the profile section to be displayed without breaks, the end station of the first profile section must match the start station of the second profile section.

Example: activating a transverse profile and a longitudinal profile

The end station of the first (transverse) profile is 1.3 m. Consequently, the first station of the second (longitudinal) profile must also be 1.3. Therefore, the second element must be a composite element as a station origin can only be defined here.

Longit

Summing up the horizons with sequential stations

Ref. height

Station

Longit.

Height

Axis

Skew

Station 0+010.00Scale 1:100/50

Offset 1.3 m Tr. profile 1

Station 1.3 m

Axis

Height lines with skew

102 Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient Allplan 2012

Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient

You will enter the height gradient of the road as a spline in the extract placed. In practice, you will probably design the gradient more precisely and, for example, use Line and Fillet or import a file. To ensure that this step-by-step guide is clear and easy to understand, you will use a simple spline for the gradient.

To draw a gradient

1 Click Spline (Create menu in the Draft module).

2 Leave the settings as they are and draw the spline in the extract. Note the sequence (points 1 to 5) in which you enter the spline (see below). To ensure that the length and the direction of the gradient coincide with the length and direction of the road line, click the left start point of the extract (1) to define the starting point of the spline and click the right end point of the extract (5) to define the end point of the spline.

Tip: On the Format toolbar, select a different color for the spline so that it is clearly visible.

Height

Station


3 Press ESC to finish creating the spline.

4 Press ESC to quit the Spline tool. The following should now be displayed on your screen:

Now you will station the road location line. This way, you define the polygonization of the road, the points for exactly transferring the height from the gradient and the location of transverse profiles you will create later.

To station the road location line

1 Click Station Element (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the road location line.

3 Enter 10.0 for the station difference in the dialog line. The road location line is stationed.


Tip: If you have created or imported a gradient that has the wrong direction, change the direction of the composite element before you station it (with Lb Dir in

Modify Composite Element).

Spline as a gradient

Height

Station

104 Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient Allplan 2012

In the next step, you will use Modify Terrain Point Height to adjust the road location line to the gradient. The stationing points will be raised or lowered to the height of the gradient.

To adjust the road location line to the gradient

1 Click Modify Terrain Point Height (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the road location line. The start point is indicated by a small direction arrow.

3 Click the gradient you have just drawn as a spline in the extract.

4 Enter -3.993 for the reference height (as specified in the extract). The road location line is adjusted to the height of the gradient at the stationing points.

5 Press ESC to quit the Modify Terrain Point Height tool.

3

This is the height of the first point

Height

Height

Station


Exercise 8: torsion trace The following exercise involves creating a torsion trace. You will then use this torsion trace to create the transverse slope of the road automatically.

To create a torsion trace

1 Select the Site Plan module in the Tools palette.

2 Click Label (Tools palette, Create area).

3 In the Input options, click Tors (torsion trace).


5 Enter the value 1. This value defines how many units of length are used to display a torsion of 1%.

6 Enter the speed: 40.

7 Place the torsion trace below the extract.

The torsion for the right roadside is displayed as a dashed line; the one for the left roadside as a continuous line.

A = Torsion for left roadside B = Torsion for right roadside

8 Press ESC to quit the Label tool.

Tip: The font size used to label the torsion trace depends on the settings of the text parameters in Modify Composite Element.

106 Exercise 8: torsion trace Allplan 2012

Now, you will create the roadsides as parallel lines to the road location line at a distance of 3.5 m.

To create parallel lines

1 Click Parallel Line Segments (Site Plan flyout).

2 Create the parallel lines at a distance of 3.5 m from the road location line. Your drawing should now look like this:



Next, you will station the roadsides by dropping a perpendicular from the stationing points of the road location line to the roadsides. The transverse slope of the road is computed from the torsion trace created beforehand; Allplan automatically calculates the height values for the roadsides.

To station the roadsides

1 Click Perpendicular through Station (Site Plan flyout).


3 Click the torsion trace (see below).

4 Click the torsion trace for the roadside on the left (which is represented by a continuous line).

5 Click the roadside on the left.

108 Exercise 8: torsion trace Allplan 2012

6 Repeat steps 2 to 5 for the other roadside. Click the torsion trace for the right roadside (which is represented by a dashed line).

7 Press ESC to quit the Perpendicular through Station tool.

8 We recommend working with 3 Viewports (zoom in on the drawing, hide grid points and triangular lines and select the Color stands for pen option) to look at the new points:


Exercise 9: slope The following exercise shows how to create a slope.

To create a slope