Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Allusions- Juxtaposition - Parallelism

Stuff you should know What is meant by allusion

Juxtaposition

Parallelism

Allusion

Reference to something well-known from the Bible, literature, or history

Allusion ALLUSION in a literary

text is a reference, either explicit or hinted, to a well-known person, place, or event, or to another literary text.

Just like Honest Abe, he walked back and returned the money he had been mistakenly given.

It’s my birthday!

Allusion The writer explains

neither the nature nor the relevance of the reference.

Does anyone here know the story or nature of the reference?

Allusion The effect of the

allusion depends upon the reader's knowledge and his or her recognition of the reference.

Allusion Prior to the twentieth

century, authors could reasonably presume that educated readers would recognize references to the Bible and the classics.

The Bible is the Western World’s oldest form of literature.

Allusion An allusion is an

economical way of calling upon the history or the literary tradition that the author and reader share.

An allusion often presents a parallel situation, or universalizes the specific.

Biblical Allusions Stevenson, brought up

in a Presbyterian home, found that biblical allusions were a useful way of delineating good and evil.

Biblical Allusions In the first chapter, the

narrator Utterson remarks quaintly that he inclines to Cain's heresy--he "lets his brother go to the Devil.”

In other words, be as bad as he likes

Biblical Allusion The reference to the

Genesis 4 functions as more than a clever quip

It foreshadowing: the good brother (Jekyll) must murder the evil brother (Hyde) to save the world from the actions of a sadist.

Biblical Allusion The irony is that in Genesis

it was the evil brother (Cain) who slew the good brother (Abel)

The reference is appropriate since Hyde wishes to take over the body and possessions of his elder brother.

Indeed, Hyde's physical deformity, which produces revulsion in anyone who sees him, may be related to his bearing the mark of Cain, the first murderer.

Historical Allusions British writer and

reader, both schooled in Latin and Greek

Allusions to the history, philosophy, and mythology of Greece and Rome were extremely useful

Historical Allusions In British-controlled

India, the followers of the eighth incarnation of Vishna, Jagannath ('Lord of the World'), annually dragged in procession a statue of the deity on an enormous car.

Under the wheels many devotees are said to have flung themselves to escape the cycle of karma- samsara (reincarnation)

Historical Allusion Hyde tramples the

child as if he were "some damned Juggernaut."

Historical Allusion Dr. Lanyon likens the

early relationship between himself and Jekyll to that of Damon and Pythias.

Historically, their friendship was so strong that the former put up his life as bail for the latter, who was sentenced to death by King Dionysius.

Historical Allusion Lanyon and Jekyll are

former school mates and fellow medical practitioners

After a lifetime of shared confidences, Jekyll and Lanyon are no longer "Damon and Pythias“

Allusion Stevenson utilizes allusions to underscore certain

fundamental themes of the novella.

Although these underlying meanings appear coded to modern readers, they were transparent to educated nineteenth-century readers.

Juxtaposition

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Juxtaposition

placed side by side often for comparison; "juxtaposed pictures"

Juxtaposition What comparison or

contrast is being made by this picture?

(A) Answer in a sentence:

Juxtaposition In a sentence explain

what is juxtaposed in this picture?

(B) Use the space provided:

Juxtaposition – read the passage

“The court was very cool and a little damp, and full of premature twilight, although the sky, high up overhead, was still bright with sunlight.”

(use pace on bottom of page)Sketch or write what you think is being juxtaposed in this excerpt from the novel.

Juxtaposition When Utterson goes

with Poole to Jekyll’s house..

(C) What do you think is juxtaposed about this passage?

The hall, when they entered, was brightly lighted up; the fire built high; and about the hearth the whole of servants, men and women, stood huddled together like a flock of sheep. At the sight of Mr. Utterson, the house maid broke into hysterical whimpering…

Respond (D)How is juxtaposition

used by Stevenson to remind the reader of the duality of man, nature and even cities?

Parallelism

Rhetorical Devise – topic three

Parallelism Two or more words, phrases, or clauses that are

similar in length and grammatical form.

By convention, items in a series appear in parallel grammatical form: a noun is listed with other nouns, an -ing form with other -ing forms, and so on.

Failure to express such items in similar grammatical form is called faulty parallelism.

Parallism Mr. Utterson the lawyer was a man of rugged

countenance that was never lighted by a smile; cold, scanty and embarrassed in discourse; backward in sentiment; lean, long, dusty, dreary and yet somehow lovable.

Parallelism With that he blew out his candle, put on a greatcoat,

and set forth in the direction of Cavendish Square…

Particularly small and particularly wicked-looking, is what the maid calls him….

Parallelism Parallel structures

include word or phrase patterns that are similar.

Parallelism When ideas in a

sentence or paragraph are similar, you can reinforce these similarities in meaning through creating parallel structures.

Parallelism Effective parallelism

creates symmetry in sentences and adds force to your writing; it emphasizes the likeness between two or more ideas.

Parallelism What makes this

newspaper add effective is parallelism.

Discuss

On the back of your paper try these If the example is

parallel write yes

If it is not parallel write no

You will have 6 examples.

Parallel? Yes or No….

1. My degree, my work experience, and ability to complete complicated projects qualify me for the job.

2. My degree, my work experience, and my ability to complete complicated projects qualify me for the job.

Parallel? Yes or No 3. My family and I went

to Hawaii for Christmas and spent our time surfing, sunbathing, and on hikes

4. Barbra and her son love to fly kites, to bake

cookies, and to read good books.

Parallel? Yes or No?

When I was a teenager, I was a cook at a fast-food restaurant, delivered newspapers, and then I worked as a valet.

I enjoy long walks on the beach, eating gourmet food, and to stargaze on a clear night.

Continue and complete

Check your answers

Answers 1. No

2. Yes

3. No

4. Yes

5. No

6. No

You will now be given three sentences. If it is parallel write okay by your number.

If it is not parallel, write it out making it parallel.

Put in your own words, please

What is allusion?

What is juxtaposition?

What is parallelism?

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