Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK. Key Perspectives Ltd Overall theme: The digital world How users (faculty and students) use libraries The

PRINT TO ELECTRONIC:WHAT HAPPENS IN LIBRARIES

NOW?

Alma Swan

Key Perspectives Ltd

Truro, UK

Themes


Overall theme: The digital world How users (faculty and students) use libraries

The library as a place

Use of resources

Finding of resources

Way work is done

Access

The evolution of reference services

A time of change for the library profession

RESEARCHERS (FACULTY)


Weekly visits to the library (researchers)

2001 2006 20110

10

20

30

40

50

60

Overall

Arts & Humanities

Social Sciences

Physical Sciences

Life Sciences

% r

esp

on

de

nts


Why go at all?


To access print resources To order inter-library loan material To talk to a subject librarian To use the library as a laboratory

Key issues relating to the library space

Opening hours Browsing Quiet study The library is now ‘an

undergraduate space’


Roaming

Reading rights: 47%

Exercise borrowing rights: 30%

SCONUL Research Extra: 11%

Considered a major advance in providing access

Those as yet unaware are very interested

N.B. Those working away from their home institution are increasing


Usefulness of print resources

Current issues of journals

Back issues of journals

Books

Reference-only items

Archives

Short loan

Special collections

Non peer reviewed items

0

50

100

Arts & Humanities

Social Sciences

Physical Sciences

Life Sciences


Digital information

Information wants to be digital e-journals e-books e-datasets Digital archival collections Digital finding aids


Digital finding aidsLibrary catalogues

Cross-institutional catalogues

General A&I databases

Library web site/general portalSubject-specific portals

Subject-specific A&I d/b

Citation databases

0

20

40

60

80

Arts & Humani-tiesSocial Science

Physical Science

Life Science


Do they find what they want?

Not at all expert: Use what they’ve always used Use Google – a lot ‘Good enough’ tendency

Contrary: ask for full-text databases and then say Web of Science is enough

Easily deterred: Remote holdings Locally held microform, microfilm Locally-held print


Seeking an article

Electronic full-text locally Google for an easily located version e-mail a friend in another institution e-mail author Inter-Library Loan Subject librarian Level of need versus effort


Accessing digital information

Most common route Second most common route

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

From my office/laboratory

From home

On the move

From the library building


Inter-library lending Static or declining

Decline particularly marked for journal articles

Decline gradual for conference papers

More or less static for books, theses, audio-visual materials

Becoming more challenging to fulfil

Increasingly associated with rise of interdisciplinary research?


STUDENTS

(OCLC study, 2005JISC study, 2007)


Students’ use of electronic resources

e-mail

Search engine

Instant messaging

Online news

Library website

e-journals/magazines

Online databases

e-books

Digital audiobooks

Online librarian query service

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


Students’ choice of information source

Search engines

Library (physical)

Library (online)

Bookstore (physical)

Bookstore (online)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

First choice as source

Considered as source


Which to use then?

Trustworthy / credible

Accurate

Reliable

Cost-effective

Easy to use

Convenient

Fast

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Search engine

Library (online or physical)


Comparative trustworthiness

Search engines in general

Ask.com

Google

Yahoo!

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Library sources less trustworthy

About the same

Library sources more trustworthy


Students’ sources of e-resources

Friend

Links from other e-resources

Teacher

News media

Library website

Librarian

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70


Student visits to college libraries

Daily

Weekly

Monthly

Several times a year

At least once a year

Not even once a year

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


What students are doing in the library

Homework/study

Online databases

Borrowing print books

Get journal articles

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Monthly activities


Awareness of library resources

Library website

Online catalogue

Online reference materials

e-journals/magazines

Online databases

e-books


Digital audiobooks

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


Students’ use of library online resources

Library website

Online catalogue

Online reference materials

e-journals

Online databases

e-booksOnline librarian query

serviceDigital audiobooks

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Monthly use


Why students have not used the library website

Did not know web-site existed

24%

Other websites have bet-ter information

56%

Cannot find website

19%


Accessing the library from the Web: I

Yes48%

No52%

Have you ever started a search us-ing a search engine and ended up

at a library website?


Accessing the library from the Web: II

Yes41%

No7%

Not an-

swered52%

If yes, did you use that library website?


Accessing the library from the Web: III

Yes, the only resource I needed to use

10%Yes, but I had to use other resources too

27%

No, not enough in-formation

4%

Not an-

swered59%

If yes, did the library website fulfil your information needs?


Sources of help used

Librarian

Computer in library

Library's collection

Another person in library


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80


Librarians add value to the search process?

Completely agree35%

Agree40%

Neither agree nor disagree

21%

Disagree4%


Positive and negative library associations

Products and offerings

Facility / environment

Staff

Customer / user service

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Negative associations

Positive associations


Positive associations in detail

Products/offerings: books, information (free, reliable, accessible, trustworthy)

Facility/environment: quiet, comfortable, work space

Staff: helpful, friendly, knowledgable

Customer service: Open to public, online catalogue, ILL and linking to other libraries


Prospective students and university ICT provision

Are unsure what to expect at university with respect to ICT provision

Regard ubiquitous internet access as the norm

Half look at ICT provision when applying for university places


Prospective students and social networking technologies

Only 5% never use social networking sites

65% use them regularly

62% use wikis, blogs and online networks

44% maintain their own website or blog

Flexible and ready to accommodate new technological solutions to their needs


Café!


EVOLUTION OF REFERENCE SERVICES


The space

Yes, the space will continue to change Beware driving away users Study space, computers Communal study space What about print? 68% of Harvard’s acquisitions goes straight to

warehouse …


Print to Electronic

The print-based library had a multitude of delivery technologies: print microfiche microform video, audio, slides

The electronic library has only one: computers


New paradigms

Old: Selection and purchase of resources for research

and learning Instruction in how to use them

New: Creation of resources for research and learning Instruction on how to use them (they are delivered

through one technology) Dissemination of the research and learning outputs

of the institution


What ‘digital’ means

A much closer partnership between librarians and faculty

A vast increase in potential collection resources The collection is increasingly outside of the “library”


What ‘digital’ means, then

Increase in the resources and services that can be provided

This includes digitisation of the institution’s own resources

Focus moves from collection to service Much of the ‘collection’ is outside the institution Potential for greater and more meaningful

collaboration between librarians and faculty (e.g. the National Underground Railroad Museum and University of Cincinnati Library)


Services for discovery and enquiry

Users (researchers and students) think they can do this themselves…

… and in most cases they can But they still turn to the library for difficult cases They perceive the library as the producer of

authoritative, reliable, trustworthy information And many are turning back to the library

(information overload?) Evidence that users are returning to library

technologyKey Perspectives Ltd

Use of library technology to navigate to e-journal content

Don't know

<10% of the time

10-50% of the time

50-95% of the time

>95% of the time

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


The library website

Interface increasingly important Ensure OA journals are catalogued Provide tools for self-training (give them the

tools and they will come) Engage students early One bad experience tends to convince them

that the Web is a better, easier, more fun route to what they seek

Brand the library!


A TIME OF CHANGE FOR THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY PROFESSION


For example, instead of… Sitting at a reference desk…

Teaching library instruction Providing distance learning Staffing chat reference

Cataloging books and journals Integrating library automation with university automation, e.g.

Blackboard/WebCT Providing metadata for library holdings (to make them web

searchable) Placing orders for books and journals

Negotiating contracts for bundled digital journals and ebooks Creating information resources

Circulating the local collection Arranging storage/retrieval in high density repositories Setting up massive consortial circulation systems

Courtesy: David Kohl, Cincinnati University Libraries

Some points

Library directors will increasingly have to provide evidence of the value the library adds to the institution

Libraries will need to think new thoughts about performance and success indicators

How will libraries measure new services offered to a wider base than just the institution?

Librarianship will include new career paths New library education programmes will be

needed


Librarians: Roles and responsibilities

Custodian of information Manager of institutional repositories Administrator of information purchasing and

delivery services Subject information expert Teacher of information literacy skills Manager of data Technology specialist


Future roles for librarians:researchers’ views

Cus

todi

an

Man

age

IRs

Adm

inis

trat

or

Sub

ject

exp

ert

Tea

ch in

fo s

kills

Man

age

data

sets

Tec

h sp

ecia

list0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Arts & humanities

Social sciences

Physical sciences

Life sciences


Future roles for librarians:all groups’ views

Teacher of information literacySubject expert (library)

Subject expert (embedded)

Administrator

IR manager

Custodian archives, spec collections

Manager of e-science/grid datasetsFacilitator for e-learning

Technology specialist (VREs)

Tech specialist

Metatdata manager

IT support expert

Copyright/IPR advisor

Library directors Library staff Researchers


From the library to the big outside

Increasingly, to support both research and learning, libraries will be guiding users to trusted resources outside the institution

The library will facilitate access and integration with respect to external resources

New licensing deals, many transitory Strengthen links with other institutional libraries:

ILL Consortial arrangements Look seriously at ad hoc affiliations (collaborative research)

New collaborations with other stewards of public information (museums, national libraries, data centres)


Liaison with faculty

Two views: more … or less! Collaboration in research and dissemination Research: the library has particular expertise in

technologies Dissemination: the new end-game Management of the institutional repository to

give maximal value to the institution and individual researchers

Liaison with the university press


Does your institution have a repository?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes

No

Don't know


The way they are working

Interdisciplinary research Big science and e-research Medium-to-small e-science / research pools Virtual Research Environments Data Metrics Demands:

New and different resources New ways to assess and plan for needs Awareness that these researchers may not know

themselves what they need or should consult


Big research, different research

Interdisciplinary research e-research Semantic technologies bringing new ways to do

research Implications for library services Not just infrastructural, but cultural too Cornell’s VIVO


Research data What are libraries to do about this? Watch out for more funder mandates Growing importance as outputs in

themselves Big data are safe (ish) But we should be worrying about small data

(who need carers) Data are only really important if they are re-

usable


Metrics

The Research Excellence Framework is fanning the flames now in the UK (and in Australia)

Can only produce a range of really good metrics on an open corpus

What metrics do YOU want to see? Can you help by producing the raw material?


Channels, communications

Researchers

Research managers /

fundersLIBRARY

Institutional management


Merci pour votre attentionThank you for listening

[email protected]

www.keyperspectives.co.uk

www.keyperspectives.com


http://www.keyperspectives.co.uk/

http://www.keyperspectives.com/

Documents

Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK. Key Perspectives Ltd Overall theme: The digital world How users (faculty and students) use libraries The