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Amaryllidaceae
Galanthus sp.
Narcissus spp.
http://www.wisc.edu/botit/img/bot/401/Magnoliophyta/Liliopsida/Liliidae/Amaryllidaceae/Narcissus/Dissected__Flower
Fused Tepals
Inferior Ovary
Alliaceae
Allium tricoccum
Allium tricoccum, Wild Leeks, Alliaceae
Allium tricoccum, Wild Leek -- Leafs first in the early spring and then in summer after the leaves have senesced, puts up a flowering stalk.
Allium tricoccum seeds are produced in mid autumn.
Note the fruit is a loculicidal capsule- here split open revealing the shiny black seeds.
A bulb is a short underground stem-- usually used to store nutrients. In these lily bulbs: each scale is a modified fleshy leaf that will produce new roots and shoots when planted.
www.hort.purdue.edu
Cross and longitudinal sections of a lily bulb
trc.ucdavis.edu
trc.ucdavis.edu
Onion Bulb
trc.ucdavis.edu
Hemerocallis (Hemerocallidaceae, Asparagales) contractile roots. This was 5 cm deeper after approximately 10 months (1/3/94 - 10/27/94). Contractile roots act by expanding laterally and shrinking in length. Lilies, Daffodils, Crocuses, Dandelions (yes dandelions!) have contractile roots!From Putz, N. 1998. Underground plant movement. V. Contractile root tubers and their importance to the mobility of Hemerocallis fulva L. (Hemerocallidaceae). Int. J. Plant Sci. 159: 23-30.
Hemerocallus if planted too deep will move up. By making a long shoot with only scale leaves, developing adventitious roots higher up and aborting the older section of shoot and roots.
(also from Putz 1998)
Ruscaceae (including the Convallariaceae)
Smilacina stellata
Smilacina racemosa
Maianthemum canadense
Polygonatum pubescens
Ruscus “leaves” are modified flattened photosynthetic branches. Note flowers come right out of these branches!
Stems of Ruscus were bundled to clean butcher’s blocks. Hence the name Butcher’s Broom Family
Two species of Smilacina, False Solomon’s Seal, in the Convallariaceae (Lily-of-the-Valley Family) Note small 6-tepaled flowers.
Smilacina stellata Note small bisexual flowers, 6 distinct tepals (may be fused into a bell in other species), 6 anthers, NO spots, superior ovary.
Smilacina stellata fruit = berry.
Iridaceae
Crocus spp.
Iris spp.
Iridaceae
Crocus sativus
Saffron crocus
(The spice, Saffron, is made of the stigmas)
6 Tepals
3 Stamens
3 Carpels(3-parted stigma)
Saffron is the long red stigma of the saffron crocus (Crocus sativa)
Asparagales, Iridaceae, Iris versicolor
Stigma lobe
Outer Tepal
Inner Tepal
Photo by Kenneth Walker
Asparagales
Iridaceae
Iris versicolor is our native wild iris (also called blue flag).
Note: range below, Eastern US and Canada
Note: Nectar Guides