Amateur RadioAmateur Radio

Good Operating Good Operating PracticesPractices

Class ScheduleClass Schedule

• TopicsTopics√ Radio Spectrum, Licensing and Methods (09/22) T1,T2,T7A/BRadio Spectrum, Licensing and Methods (09/22) T1,T2,T7A/B√ Radio PhenomenaRadio Phenomena (09/29) T3, (09/29) T3,√ Station Licensee and Control Op Duties (10/06) T4,T5Station Licensee and Control Op Duties (10/06) T4,T5► Good Operating Practices, Special Ops (10/13) T6,T9Good Operating Practices, Special Ops (10/13) T6,T9

T8A – Basic Station ApparatusT8A – Basic Station Apparatus– Basic ElectronicsBasic Electronics (10/20) T7 (10/20) T7– Good Engineering Practices Good Engineering Practices (10/27) T8 (10/27) T8– Electrical, Antennas and RF Safety Electrical, Antennas and RF Safety (11/03) T0 (11/03) T0– Review/PracticeReview/Practice (11/10) All (11/10) All

• Home StudyHome Study– Reading Assignments – Section 7 basic ElectronicsReading Assignments – Section 7 basic Electronics– Home Work – Test Review Home Work – Test Review – Morse CodeMorse Code

• TestTest– Nov 17Nov 17thth

T6 -- Good Operating PracticesT6 -- Good Operating Practices[3 Exam Questions -- 3 Groups][3 Exam Questions -- 3 Groups]

T8 – Good Engineering Practices T8 – Good Engineering Practices [6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups][6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups]

– T6AT6A Calling another station; Calling CQ; Calling another station; Calling CQ; Typical amateur service radio contacts; Courtesy and Typical amateur service radio contacts; Courtesy and respect for others; Popular Q-signals; Signal reception respect for others; Popular Q-signals; Signal reception reports; Phonetic alphabet for voice operations.reports; Phonetic alphabet for voice operations.

– T6BT6B Occupied bandwidth for emission Occupied bandwidth for emission types; Mandated and voluntary band plans; CW types; Mandated and voluntary band plans; CW operation.operation.

– T6CT6C TVI and RFI reduction and elimination, TVI and RFI reduction and elimination, Band/Low/High pass filter, Out of band harmonic Band/Low/High pass filter, Out of band harmonic Signals, Spurious Emissions, Telephone Interference, Signals, Spurious Emissions, Telephone Interference, Shielding, Receiver Overload.Shielding, Receiver Overload.

– T8AT8A Basic amateur station apparatus: Basic amateur station apparatus: Choice of apparatus for desired communications; Choice of apparatus for desired communications; Setting up a station: construction and modifying Setting up a station: construction and modifying amateur station apparatus; Station layout for CW, amateur station apparatus; Station layout for CW, SSB, FM and Packet and other popular modes.SSB, FM and Packet and other popular modes.

Basic Voice (Phone) Communication Basic Voice (Phone) Communication RulesRules• Be politeBe polite

– Do not interrupt otherDo not interrupt other– Do not hog the channelDo not hog the channel

• Listen before you talkListen before you talk– If someone else is using the frequency, let them have it, move to If someone else is using the frequency, let them have it, move to

somewhere else.somewhere else.• Keep it simpleKeep it simple

– Speak ClearlySpeak Clearly– Do not rush itDo not rush it– Use Term people understandUse Term people understand

• Use the ITU Phonetic Alphabet to spell thing outUse the ITU Phonetic Alphabet to spell thing out• Use Common Abbreviations and TLA (Three Letter Acronyms) Use Common Abbreviations and TLA (Three Letter Acronyms) • Use the right side and for voice SSBUse the right side and for voice SSB

– >14MHz - Use Upper Side Band>14MHz - Use Upper Side Band

ITU Phonetic AlphabetITU Phonetic Alphabet

Agreed upon words to represent the letters of the “roman alphabet”.

The boldfaced syllables are emphasized. The pronunciations shown in this table were designed for those who speak any of the international languages. The pronunciations given for “Oscar”, “Papa” and “Victor” may seem awkward to English-speaking people in the US.

Common Abbreviation You need to Common Abbreviation You need to knowknow

• CQ – Call Any StationCQ – Call Any Station• RST – Readability, Signal Strength, ToneRST – Readability, Signal Strength, Tone• QSO – A communicationQSO – A communication• QSL – Acknowledge ReceptionQSL – Acknowledge Reception• DX – Distance, foreign countryDX – Distance, foreign country• 73 - Best Regards73 - Best Regards• DE – From, this isDE – From, this is• PTT – Push To TalkPTT – Push To Talk• VOX – VOX – VoVoice Activated Switch (x)ice Activated Switch (x)

Starting a Conversation (QSO)Starting a Conversation (QSO)

• Open Call – I will talk to anybody (CQ)Open Call – I will talk to anybody (CQ)– ListenListen– Check – Is this frequency in use? This is KD7PSVCheck – Is this frequency in use? This is KD7PSV– Place the callPlace the call

CQ CQ calling CQ. This is KD7PSV, Kilo Delta Seven Papa Sierra Victor, CQ CQ calling CQ. This is KD7PSV, Kilo Delta Seven Papa Sierra Victor, KD7PSV calling CQ and standing by.KD7PSV calling CQ and standing by.

– To Answer To Answer KD7PSV, this is N7SS, November 7 Sierra Sierra, N7SS overKD7PSV, this is N7SS, November 7 Sierra Sierra, N7SS over

• Direct Call – I know who I want to talk toDirect Call – I know who I want to talk to– ListenListen– Check – Is this frequency in use? This is KD7PSVCheck – Is this frequency in use? This is KD7PSV– Place the callPlace the call

KD7PSV calling N7SS, Kilo Delta Seven Papa Sierra Victor calling KD7PSV calling N7SS, Kilo Delta Seven Papa Sierra Victor calling November Seven Sierra Sierra, KD7PSV calling N7SSNovember Seven Sierra Sierra, KD7PSV calling N7SS

– Answering a callAnswering a call KD7PSV this is N7SS, overKD7PSV this is N7SS, over

• Ending the ConversationEnding the Conversation– This is KD7PSV clearThis is KD7PSV clear– This is N7SS clearThis is N7SS clear

Some HAMScollect

QSL Cards

The RST SystemThe RST System

Amateur Amateur Q SignalsQ Signals

Common required BandwidthCommon required Bandwidth

• CW – 5-10HzCW – 5-10Hz• Phone/ VoicePhone/ Voice

– SSB - 2-3KHzSSB - 2-3KHz– AM – 4-6KHzAM – 4-6KHz– FM – 10-20KHzFM – 10-20KHz

• DigitalDigital– PSK31 – 31 HzPSK31 – 31 Hz– RTTY – 500 HzRTTY – 500 Hz

• Slow Scan TV – 3KHzSlow Scan TV – 3KHz• Fast Scan TV – 6MhzFast Scan TV – 6Mhz

S - MetersS - Meters

The S - meter givesThe S - meter givesa relative signal strengtha relative signal strengthreading of a receivedreading of a receivedsignal. (Scale 0-9)signal. (Scale 0-9)

No manufacturer claimsNo manufacturer claimstheir S - meters aretheir S - meters arecalibrated.calibrated.

Low Pass, High Pass FiltersLow Pass, High Pass Filters

High Pass

Frequency

Low Pass

Frequency

Band Pass FilterBand Pass Filter

Band Pass

High Frequency

Low Frequency

Figuring out which filter you may Figuring out which filter you may needneed

• Determine the two Determine the two bands that are bands that are interfering, and draw interfering, and draw a line between them a line between them

• Determine which Determine which band to keep, or band to keep, or equipment to attachequipment to attach– Left low, Right highLeft low, Right high

HF TV

T6A01T6A01 What is the advantage of What is the advantage of using the International using the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Union (ITU) phonetic alphabet when identifying phonetic alphabet when identifying your station?your station?

– A.A. The words are internationally The words are internationally recognized substitutes for lettersrecognized substitutes for letters

– B.B. There is no advantageThere is no advantage– C.C. The words have been chosen to The words have been chosen to

represent Amateur Radio termsrepresent Amateur Radio terms– D.D. It preserves traditions begun in the It preserves traditions begun in the

early days of Amateur Radioearly days of Amateur Radio

T6A01T6A01 What is the advantage What is the advantage of using the International of using the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Union (ITU) phonetic alphabet when phonetic alphabet when identifying your station?identifying your station?• A.A. The words are internationally The words are internationally

recognized substitutes for lettersrecognized substitutes for letters– B.B. There is no advantageThere is no advantage– C.C. The words have been chosen to The words have been chosen to

represent Amateur Radio termsrepresent Amateur Radio terms– D.D. It preserves traditions begun in the It preserves traditions begun in the

early days of Amateur Radioearly days of Amateur Radio

T6A02T6A02 What is one reason to avoid What is one reason to avoid using "cute" phrases or word using "cute" phrases or word combinations to identify your combinations to identify your station?station?

– A.A. They are not easily understood by They are not easily understood by non-English-speaking amateursnon-English-speaking amateurs

– B.B. They might offend English-speaking They might offend English-speaking amateursamateurs

– C.C. They do not meet FCC identification They do not meet FCC identification requirementsrequirements

– D.D. They might be interpreted as codes or They might be interpreted as codes or ciphers intended to obscure the meaning of ciphers intended to obscure the meaning of your identificationyour identification

T6A02T6A02 What is one reason to What is one reason to avoid using "cute" phrases or avoid using "cute" phrases or word combinations to identify word combinations to identify your station?your station?• A.A. They are not easily understood by They are not easily understood by

non-English-speaking amateursnon-English-speaking amateurs– B.B. They might offend English-speaking They might offend English-speaking

amateursamateurs– C.C. They do not meet FCC identification They do not meet FCC identification

requirementsrequirements– D.D. They might be interpreted as codes or They might be interpreted as codes or

ciphers intended to obscure the meaning of ciphers intended to obscure the meaning of your identificationyour identification

T6A03T6A03 What should you do before What should you do before you transmit on any frequency?you transmit on any frequency?

– A.A. Listen to make sure others are not Listen to make sure others are not using the frequencyusing the frequency

– B.B. Listen to make sure that someone will Listen to make sure that someone will be able to hear yoube able to hear you

– C.C. Check your antenna for resonance at Check your antenna for resonance at the selected frequencythe selected frequency

– D.D. Make sure the SWR on your antenna Make sure the SWR on your antenna feed line is high enoughfeed line is high enough

T6A03T6A03 What should you do What should you do before you transmit on any before you transmit on any frequency?frequency?

• A.A. Listen to make sure others are not Listen to make sure others are not using the frequencyusing the frequency– B.B. Listen to make sure that someone will Listen to make sure that someone will

be able to hear yoube able to hear you– C.C. Check your antenna for resonance at Check your antenna for resonance at

the selected frequencythe selected frequency– D.D. Make sure the SWR on your antenna Make sure the SWR on your antenna

feed line is high enoughfeed line is high enough

T6A04T6A04 How do you call another How do you call another station on a repeater if you know the station on a repeater if you know the station's call sign?station's call sign?

– A.A. Say "break, break 79," then say the Say "break, break 79," then say the station's call signstation's call sign

– B.B. Say the station's call sign, then Say the station's call sign, then identify your own stationidentify your own station

– C.C. Say "CQ" three times, then say the Say "CQ" three times, then say the station's call signstation's call sign

– D.D. Wait for the station to call "CQ," then Wait for the station to call "CQ," then answer itanswer it

T6A04T6A04 How do you call another How do you call another station on a repeater if you station on a repeater if you know the station's call sign?know the station's call sign?

– A.A. Say "break, break 79," then say the Say "break, break 79," then say the station's call signstation's call sign

• B.B. Say the station's call sign, then Say the station's call sign, then identify your own stationidentify your own station– C.C. Say "CQ" three times, then say the Say "CQ" three times, then say the

station's call signstation's call sign– D.D. Wait for the station to call "CQ," then Wait for the station to call "CQ," then

answer itanswer it

T6A05T6A05 What does RST mean in a What does RST mean in a signal report?signal report?

– A.A. Recovery, signal strength, tempoRecovery, signal strength, tempo– B.B. Recovery, signal speed, toneRecovery, signal speed, tone– C.C. Readability, signal speed, tempoReadability, signal speed, tempo– D.D. Readability, signal strength, toneReadability, signal strength, tone

T6A05T6A05 What does RST mean in What does RST mean in a signal report?a signal report?

– A.A. Recovery, signal strength, tempoRecovery, signal strength, tempo– B.B. Recovery, signal speed, toneRecovery, signal speed, tone– C.C. Readability, signal speed, tempoReadability, signal speed, tempo

• D.D. Readability, signal strength, toneReadability, signal strength, tone

T6A06T6A06 What is the meaning of: What is the meaning of: "Your signal report is five nine plus "Your signal report is five nine plus 20 dB..."?20 dB..."?

– A.A. Your signal strength has increased by Your signal strength has increased by a factor of 100a factor of 100

– B.B. Repeat your transmission on a Repeat your transmission on a frequency 20 kHz higherfrequency 20 kHz higher

– C.C. The bandwidth of your signal is 20 The bandwidth of your signal is 20 decibels above linearitydecibels above linearity

– D.D. A relative signal-strength meter A relative signal-strength meter reading is 20 decibels greater than strength reading is 20 decibels greater than strength 99

T6A06T6A06 What is the meaning of: What is the meaning of: "Your signal report is five nine "Your signal report is five nine plus 20 dB..."?plus 20 dB..."?

– A.A. Your signal strength has increased by Your signal strength has increased by a factor of 100a factor of 100

– B.B. Repeat your transmission on a Repeat your transmission on a frequency 20 kHz higherfrequency 20 kHz higher

– C.C. The bandwidth of your signal is 20 The bandwidth of your signal is 20 decibels above linearitydecibels above linearity

• D.D. A relative signal-strength meter A relative signal-strength meter reading is 20 decibels greater than reading is 20 decibels greater than strength 9strength 9

T6A07T6A07 What is the meaning of the What is the meaning of the procedural signal "CQ"?procedural signal "CQ"?

– A.A. Call on the quarter hourCall on the quarter hour– B.B. New antenna is being tested (no New antenna is being tested (no

station should answer)station should answer)– C.C. Only the called station should Only the called station should

transmittransmit– D.D. Calling any stationCalling any station

T6A07T6A07 What is the meaning of What is the meaning of the procedural signal "CQ"?the procedural signal "CQ"?

– A.A. Call on the quarter hourCall on the quarter hour– B.B. New antenna is being tested (no New antenna is being tested (no

station should answer)station should answer)– C.C. Only the called station should Only the called station should

transmittransmit

• D.D. Calling any stationCalling any station

T6A08T6A08 What is a QSL card in the What is a QSL card in the amateur service?amateur service?

– A.A. A letter or postcard from an amateur A letter or postcard from an amateur pen palpen pal

– B.B. A Notice of Violation from the FCCA Notice of Violation from the FCC– C.C. A written acknowledgment of A written acknowledgment of

communications between two amateurscommunications between two amateurs– D.D. A postcard reminding you when your A postcard reminding you when your

license will expirelicense will expire

T6A08T6A08 What is a QSL card in What is a QSL card in the amateur service?the amateur service?

– A.A. A letter or postcard from an amateur A letter or postcard from an amateur pen palpen pal

– B.B. A Notice of Violation from the FCCA Notice of Violation from the FCC

• C.C. A written acknowledgment of A written acknowledgment of communications between two amateurscommunications between two amateurs– D.D. A postcard reminding you when your A postcard reminding you when your

license will expirelicense will expire

T6A09T6A09 What is the correct way to What is the correct way to call CQ when using voice?call CQ when using voice?

– A.A. Say "CQ" once, followed by "this is," Say "CQ" once, followed by "this is," followed by your call sign spoken three timesfollowed by your call sign spoken three times

– B.B. Say "CQ" at least five times, followed by Say "CQ" at least five times, followed by "this is," followed by your call sign spoken once"this is," followed by your call sign spoken once

– C.C. Say "CQ" three times, followed by "this Say "CQ" three times, followed by "this is," followed by your call sign spoken three is," followed by your call sign spoken three timestimes

– D.D. Say "CQ" at least ten times, followed by Say "CQ" at least ten times, followed by "this is," followed by your call sign spoken once"this is," followed by your call sign spoken once

T6A09T6A09 What is the correct way What is the correct way to call CQ when using voice?to call CQ when using voice?

– A.A. Say "CQ" once, followed by "this is," Say "CQ" once, followed by "this is," followed by your call sign spoken three timesfollowed by your call sign spoken three times

– B.B. Say "CQ" at least five times, followed by Say "CQ" at least five times, followed by "this is," followed by your call sign spoken once"this is," followed by your call sign spoken once

• C.C. Say "CQ" three times, followed by "this Say "CQ" three times, followed by "this is," followed by your call sign spoken three is," followed by your call sign spoken three timestimes– D.D. Say "CQ" at least ten times, followed by Say "CQ" at least ten times, followed by

"this is," followed by your call sign spoken once"this is," followed by your call sign spoken once

T6A10T6A10 How should you answer a How should you answer a voice CQ call?voice CQ call?

– A.A. Say the other station's call sign at least ten Say the other station's call sign at least ten times, followed by "this is," then your call sign at times, followed by "this is," then your call sign at least twiceleast twice

– B.B. Say the other station's call sign at least five Say the other station's call sign at least five times phonetically, followed by "this is," then times phonetically, followed by "this is," then your call sign at least onceyour call sign at least once

– C.C. Say the other station's call sign at least Say the other station's call sign at least three times, followed by "this is," then your call three times, followed by "this is," then your call sign at least five times phoneticallysign at least five times phonetically

– D.D. Say the other station's call sign once, Say the other station's call sign once, followed by "this is," then your call sign given followed by "this is," then your call sign given phoneticallyphonetically

T6A10T6A10 How should you answer How should you answer a voice CQ call?a voice CQ call?

– A.A. Say the other station's call sign at least ten Say the other station's call sign at least ten times, followed by "this is," then your call sign at times, followed by "this is," then your call sign at least twiceleast twice

– B.B. Say the other station's call sign at least five Say the other station's call sign at least five times phonetically, followed by "this is," then your times phonetically, followed by "this is," then your call sign at least oncecall sign at least once

– C.C. Say the other station's call sign at least three Say the other station's call sign at least three times, followed by "this is," then your call sign at times, followed by "this is," then your call sign at least five times phoneticallyleast five times phonetically

• D.D. Say the other station's call sign once, Say the other station's call sign once, followed by "this is," then your call sign given followed by "this is," then your call sign given phoneticallyphonetically

T6A11T6A11 What is the meaning of: What is the meaning of: "Your signal is full quieting..."?"Your signal is full quieting..."?

– A.A. Your signal is strong enough to Your signal is strong enough to overcome all receiver noiseovercome all receiver noise

– B.B. Your signal has no spurious soundsYour signal has no spurious sounds– C.C. Your signal is not strong enough to be Your signal is not strong enough to be

receivedreceived– D.D. Your signal is being received, but no Your signal is being received, but no

audio is being heardaudio is being heard

T6A11T6A11 What is the meaning of: What is the meaning of: "Your signal is full quieting..."?"Your signal is full quieting..."?

• A.A. Your signal is strong enough to Your signal is strong enough to overcome all receiver noiseovercome all receiver noise– B.B. Your signal has no spurious soundsYour signal has no spurious sounds– C.C. Your signal is not strong enough to be Your signal is not strong enough to be

receivedreceived– D.D. Your signal is being received, but no Your signal is being received, but no

audio is being heardaudio is being heard

T6A12T6A12 What is meant by the term What is meant by the term "DX"?"DX"?

– A.A. Best regardsBest regards– B.B. Distant stationDistant station– C.C. Calling any stationCalling any station– D.D. Go aheadGo ahead

T6A12T6A12 What is meant by the What is meant by the term "DX"?term "DX"?

– A.A. Best regardsBest regards

• B.B. Distant stationDistant station– C.C. Calling any stationCalling any station– D.D. Go aheadGo ahead

T6A13T6A13 What is the meaning of the What is the meaning of the term "73"?term "73"?

– A.A. Long distanceLong distance– B.B. Best regardsBest regards– C.C. Love and kissesLove and kisses– D.D. Go aheadGo ahead

T6A13T6A13 What is the meaning of What is the meaning of the term "73"?the term "73"?

– A.A. Long distanceLong distance

• B.B. Best regardsBest regards– C.C. Love and kissesLove and kisses– D.D. Go aheadGo ahead

T6B01T6B01 Which list of emission types Which list of emission types is in order from the narrowest is in order from the narrowest bandwidth to the widest bandwidth?bandwidth to the widest bandwidth?

– A.A. RTTY, CW, SSB voice, FM voiceRTTY, CW, SSB voice, FM voice– B.B. CW, FM voice, RTTY, SSB voiceCW, FM voice, RTTY, SSB voice– C.C. CW, RTTY, SSB voice, FM voiceCW, RTTY, SSB voice, FM voice– D.D. CW, SSB voice, RTTY, FM voiceCW, SSB voice, RTTY, FM voice

T6B01T6B01 Which list of emission Which list of emission types is in order from the types is in order from the narrowest bandwidth to the narrowest bandwidth to the widest bandwidth?widest bandwidth?

– A.A. RTTY, CW, SSB voice, FM voiceRTTY, CW, SSB voice, FM voice– B.B. CW, FM voice, RTTY, SSB voiceCW, FM voice, RTTY, SSB voice

• C.C. CW, RTTY, SSB voice, FM voiceCW, RTTY, SSB voice, FM voice– D.D. CW, SSB voice, RTTY, FM voiceCW, SSB voice, RTTY, FM voice

T6B02T6B02 What is the usual What is the usual bandwidth of a single-sideband bandwidth of a single-sideband amateur signal?amateur signal?

– A.A. 1 kHz1 kHz– B.B. 2 kHz2 kHz– C.C. Between 3 and 6 kHzBetween 3 and 6 kHz– D.D. Between 2 and 3 kHzBetween 2 and 3 kHz

T6B02T6B02 What is the usual What is the usual bandwidth of a single-sideband bandwidth of a single-sideband amateur signal?amateur signal?

– A.A. 1 kHz1 kHz– B.B. 2 kHz2 kHz– C.C. Between 3 and 6 kHzBetween 3 and 6 kHz

• D.D. Between 2 and 3 kHzBetween 2 and 3 kHz

T6B03T6B03 What is the usual What is the usual bandwidth of a frequency-modulated bandwidth of a frequency-modulated amateur signal?amateur signal?

– A.A. Less than 5 kHzLess than 5 kHz– B.B. Between 5 and 10 kHzBetween 5 and 10 kHz– C.C. Between 10 and 20 kHzBetween 10 and 20 kHz– D.D. Greater than 20 kHzGreater than 20 kHz

T6B03T6B03 What is the usual What is the usual bandwidth of a frequency-bandwidth of a frequency-modulated amateur signal?modulated amateur signal?

– A.A. Less than 5 kHzLess than 5 kHz– B.B. Between 5 and 10 kHzBetween 5 and 10 kHz

• C.C. Between 10 and 20 kHzBetween 10 and 20 kHz– D.D. Greater than 20 kHzGreater than 20 kHz

Amateur Television SignalAmateur Television Signal

A 6 MHz ATV video channel with the video carrier 1.25 MHz up from the lower edge. The color subcarrier is at 3.58 MHz and the sound subcarrier at 4.5 MHz above the video carrier.

The Luminance, Chrominance and Audio carriers are visible in the spectrum plot at left

T6B04T6B04 What is the usual What is the usual bandwidth of a UHF amateur fast-bandwidth of a UHF amateur fast-scan television signal?scan television signal?

– A.A. More than 6 MHzMore than 6 MHz– B.B. About 6 MHzAbout 6 MHz– C.C. About 3 MHzAbout 3 MHz– D.D. About 1 MHzAbout 1 MHz

T6B04T6B04 What is the usual What is the usual bandwidth of a UHF amateur bandwidth of a UHF amateur fast-scan television signal?fast-scan television signal?

– A.A. More than 6 MHzMore than 6 MHz

• B.B. About 6 MHzAbout 6 MHz– C.C. About 3 MHzAbout 3 MHz– D.D. About 1 MHzAbout 1 MHz

T6B05T6B05 What name is given to an What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations with connect other amateur stations with the Internet?the Internet?

– A.A. A gatewayA gateway– B.B. A repeaterA repeater– C.C. A digipeaterA digipeater– D.D. FCC regulations prohibit such a FCC regulations prohibit such a

stationstation

T6B05T6B05 What name is given to What name is given to an amateur radio station that is an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur used to connect other amateur stations with the Internet?stations with the Internet?• A.A. A gatewayA gateway

– B.B. A repeaterA repeater– C.C. A digipeaterA digipeater– D.D. FCC regulations prohibit such a FCC regulations prohibit such a

stationstation

T6B06T6B06 What is a band plan?What is a band plan?

– A.A. A voluntary guideline beyond the A voluntary guideline beyond the divisions established by the FCC for using divisions established by the FCC for using different operating modes within an different operating modes within an amateur bandamateur band

– B.B. A guideline from the FCC for making A guideline from the FCC for making amateur frequency band allocationsamateur frequency band allocations

– C.C. A plan of operating schedules within A plan of operating schedules within an amateur band published by the FCCan amateur band published by the FCC

– D.D. A plan devised by a club to best use a A plan devised by a club to best use a frequency band during a contestfrequency band during a contest

T6B06T6B06 What is a band plan?What is a band plan?

• A.A. A voluntary guideline beyond the A voluntary guideline beyond the divisions established by the FCC for divisions established by the FCC for using different operating modes within using different operating modes within an amateur bandan amateur band– B.B. A guideline from the FCC for making A guideline from the FCC for making

amateur frequency band allocationsamateur frequency band allocations– C.C. A plan of operating schedules within A plan of operating schedules within

an amateur band published by the FCCan amateur band published by the FCC– D.D. A plan devised by a club to best use a A plan devised by a club to best use a

frequency band during a contestfrequency band during a contest

T6B07T6B07 At what speed should a At what speed should a Morse code CQ call be transmitted?Morse code CQ call be transmitted?

– A.A. Only speeds below five WPMOnly speeds below five WPM– B.B. The highest speed your keyer will The highest speed your keyer will

operateoperate– C.C. Any speed at which you can reliably Any speed at which you can reliably

receivereceive– D.D. The highest speed at which you can The highest speed at which you can

control the keyercontrol the keyer

T6B07T6B07 At what speed should a At what speed should a Morse code CQ call be Morse code CQ call be transmitted?transmitted?

– A.A. Only speeds below five WPMOnly speeds below five WPM– B.B. The highest speed your keyer will The highest speed your keyer will

operateoperate

• C.C. Any speed at which you can Any speed at which you can reliably receivereliably receive– D.D. The highest speed at which you can The highest speed at which you can

control the keyercontrol the keyer

T6B08T6B08 What is the meaning of the What is the meaning of the procedural signal "DE"?procedural signal "DE"?

– A.A. "From" or "this is," as in "W0AIH DE "From" or "this is," as in "W0AIH DE KA9FOX"KA9FOX"

– B.B. "Directional Emissions" from your "Directional Emissions" from your antennaantenna

– C.C. "Received all correctly""Received all correctly"– D.D. "Calling any station""Calling any station"

T6B08T6B08 What is the meaning of What is the meaning of the procedural signal "DE"?the procedural signal "DE"?

• A.A. "From" or "this is," as in "W0AIH "From" or "this is," as in "W0AIH DE KA9FOX"DE KA9FOX"– B.B. "Directional Emissions" from your "Directional Emissions" from your

antennaantenna– C.C. "Received all correctly""Received all correctly"– D.D. "Calling any station""Calling any station"

T6B09T6B09 What is a good way to call What is a good way to call CQ when using Morse code?CQ when using Morse code?

– A.A. Send the letters "CQ" three times, Send the letters "CQ" three times, followed by "DE," followed by your call sign followed by "DE," followed by your call sign sent oncesent once

– B.B. Send the letters "CQ" three times, Send the letters "CQ" three times, followed by "DE," followed by your call sign followed by "DE," followed by your call sign sent three timessent three times

– C.C. Send the letters "CQ" ten times, Send the letters "CQ" ten times, followed by "DE," followed by your call sign followed by "DE," followed by your call sign sent twicesent twice

– D.D. Send the letters "CQ" over and over Send the letters "CQ" over and over until a station answersuntil a station answers

T6B09T6B09 What is a good way to What is a good way to call CQ when using Morse code?call CQ when using Morse code?

– A.A. Send the letters "CQ" three times, Send the letters "CQ" three times, followed by "DE," followed by your call sign followed by "DE," followed by your call sign sent oncesent once

• B.B. Send the letters "CQ" three times, Send the letters "CQ" three times, followed by "DE," followed by your call followed by "DE," followed by your call sign sent three timessign sent three times– C.C. Send the letters "CQ" ten times, followed Send the letters "CQ" ten times, followed

by "DE," followed by your call sign sent twiceby "DE," followed by your call sign sent twice– D.D. Send the letters "CQ" over and over until Send the letters "CQ" over and over until

a station answersa station answers

T6B10T6B10 How should you answer a How should you answer a Morse code CQ call?Morse code CQ call?

– A.A. Send your call sign four timesSend your call sign four times– B.B. Send the other station's call sign Send the other station's call sign

twice, followed by "DE," followed by your twice, followed by "DE," followed by your call sign twicecall sign twice

– C.C. Send the other station's call sign Send the other station's call sign once, followed by "DE," followed by your call once, followed by "DE," followed by your call sign four timessign four times

– D.D. Send your call sign followed by your Send your call sign followed by your name, station location and a signal reportname, station location and a signal report

T6B10T6B10 How should you answer How should you answer a Morse code CQ call?a Morse code CQ call?

– A.A. Send your call sign four timesSend your call sign four times

• B.B. Send the other station's call sign Send the other station's call sign twice, followed by "DE," followed by twice, followed by "DE," followed by your call sign twiceyour call sign twice– C.C. Send the other station's call sign Send the other station's call sign

once, followed by "DE," followed by your call once, followed by "DE," followed by your call sign four timessign four times

– D.D. Send your call sign followed by your Send your call sign followed by your name, station location and a signal reportname, station location and a signal report

T6B11T6B11 What is the meaning of the What is the meaning of the procedural signal "K"?procedural signal "K"?

– A.A. "Any station transmit""Any station transmit"– B.B. "All received correctly""All received correctly"– C.C. "End of message""End of message"– D.D. "Called station only transmit""Called station only transmit"

T6B11T6B11 What is the meaning of What is the meaning of the procedural signal "K"?the procedural signal "K"?

• A.A. "Any station transmit""Any station transmit"– B.B. "All received correctly""All received correctly"– C.C. "End of message""End of message"– D.D. "Called station only transmit""Called station only transmit"

T6B12T6B12 What is one meaning of the What is one meaning of the Q signal "QRS"?Q signal "QRS"?

– A.A. "Interference from static""Interference from static"– B.B. "Send more slowly""Send more slowly"– C.C. "Send RST report""Send RST report"– D.D. "Radio station location is""Radio station location is"

T6B12T6B12 What is one meaning of What is one meaning of the Q signal "QRS"?the Q signal "QRS"?

– A.A. "Interference from static""Interference from static"

• B.B. "Send more slowly""Send more slowly"– C.C. "Send RST report""Send RST report"– D.D. "Radio station location is""Radio station location is"

T6C01T6C01 What is meant by receiver What is meant by receiver overload?overload?

– A.A. Too much voltage from the power Too much voltage from the power supplysupply

– B.B. Too much current from the power Too much current from the power supplysupply

– C.C. Interference caused by strong signals Interference caused by strong signals from a nearby sourcefrom a nearby source

– D.D. Interference caused by turning the Interference caused by turning the volume up too highvolume up too high

T6C01T6C01 What is meant by What is meant by receiver overload?receiver overload?

– A.A. Too much voltage from the power Too much voltage from the power supplysupply

– B.B. Too much current from the power Too much current from the power supplysupply

• C.C. Interference caused by strong Interference caused by strong signals from a nearby sourcesignals from a nearby source– D.D. Interference caused by turning the Interference caused by turning the

volume up too highvolume up too high

Low Pass FilterLow Pass Filter

A low-pass filterA low-pass filtergoes between yourgoes between yourtransmitter and transmitter and antenna. It removesantenna. It removesharmonic radiationharmonic radiationfrom your signals.from your signals.

It will pass the low frequency (HF) ham bands while blocking their harmonics (cutoff frequency 50 MHz). Your neighbors’ TV sets will thank you.

T6C02T6C02 What type of filter might be What type of filter might be connected to an amateur HF connected to an amateur HF transmitter to cut down on harmonic transmitter to cut down on harmonic radiation?radiation?

– A.A. A key-click filterA key-click filter– B.B. A low-pass filterA low-pass filter– C.C. A high-pass filterA high-pass filter– D.D. A CW filterA CW filter

T6C02T6C02 What type of filter might What type of filter might be connected to an amateur HF be connected to an amateur HF transmitter to cut down on transmitter to cut down on harmonic radiation?harmonic radiation?

– A.A. A key-click filterA key-click filter

• B.B. A low-pass filterA low-pass filter– C.C. A high-pass filterA high-pass filter– D.D. A CW filterA CW filter

T6C03T6C03 What type of filter should What type of filter should be connected to a TV receiver as the be connected to a TV receiver as the first step in trying to prevent RF first step in trying to prevent RF overload from an amateur HF station overload from an amateur HF station transmission?transmission?

– A.A. Low-passLow-pass– B.B. High-passHigh-pass– C.C. Band passBand pass– D.D. NotchNotch

T6C03T6C03 What type of filter What type of filter should be connected to a TV should be connected to a TV receiver as the first step in receiver as the first step in trying to prevent RF overload trying to prevent RF overload from an amateur HF station from an amateur HF station transmission?transmission?– A.A. Low-passLow-pass

• B.B. High-passHigh-pass– C.C. Band passBand pass– D.D. NotchNotch

T6C04T6C04 What effect might a break What effect might a break in a cable television transmission in a cable television transmission line have on amateur line have on amateur communications?communications?

– A.A. Cable lines are shielded and a break Cable lines are shielded and a break cannot affect amateur communicationscannot affect amateur communications

– B.B. Harmonic radiation from the TV receiver Harmonic radiation from the TV receiver may cause the amateur transmitter to transmit may cause the amateur transmitter to transmit off-frequencyoff-frequency

– C.C. TV interference may result when the TV interference may result when the amateur station is transmitting, or interference amateur station is transmitting, or interference may occur to the amateur receivermay occur to the amateur receiver

– D.D. The broken cable may pick up very high The broken cable may pick up very high voltages when the amateur station is voltages when the amateur station is transmittingtransmitting

T6C04T6C04 What effect might a What effect might a break in a cable television break in a cable television transmission line have on transmission line have on amateur communications?amateur communications?

– A.A. Cable lines are shielded and a break cannot Cable lines are shielded and a break cannot affect amateur communicationsaffect amateur communications

– B.B. Harmonic radiation from the TV receiver Harmonic radiation from the TV receiver may cause the amateur transmitter to transmit may cause the amateur transmitter to transmit off-frequencyoff-frequency

• C.C. TV interference may result when the TV interference may result when the amateur station is transmitting, or amateur station is transmitting, or interference may occur to the amateur interference may occur to the amateur receiverreceiver– D.D. The broken cable may pick up very high The broken cable may pick up very high

voltages when the amateur station is transmittingvoltages when the amateur station is transmitting

T6C05T6C05 If you are told that your If you are told that your amateur station is causing television amateur station is causing television interference, what should you do?interference, what should you do?

– A.A. First make sure that your station is First make sure that your station is operating properly, and that it does not cause operating properly, and that it does not cause interference to your own televisioninterference to your own television

– B.B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistancecontact the nearest FCC office for assistance

– C.C. Connect a high-pass filter to the Connect a high-pass filter to the transmitter output and a low-pass filter to the transmitter output and a low-pass filter to the antenna-input terminals of the televisionantenna-input terminals of the television

– D.D. Continue operating normally, because Continue operating normally, because you have no reason to worry about the you have no reason to worry about the interferenceinterference

T6C05T6C05 If you are told that your If you are told that your amateur station is causing amateur station is causing television interference, what television interference, what should you do?should you do?• A.A. First make sure that your station is First make sure that your station is

operating properly, and that it does not operating properly, and that it does not cause interference to your own televisioncause interference to your own television– B.B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and Immediately turn off your transmitter and

contact the nearest FCC office for assistancecontact the nearest FCC office for assistance– C.C. Connect a high-pass filter to the Connect a high-pass filter to the

transmitter output and a low-pass filter to the transmitter output and a low-pass filter to the antenna-input terminals of the televisionantenna-input terminals of the television

– D.D. Continue operating normally, because Continue operating normally, because you have no reason to worry about the you have no reason to worry about the interferenceinterference

T6C06T6C06 If harmonic radiation from If harmonic radiation from your transmitter is causing your transmitter is causing interference to television receivers interference to television receivers in your neighborhood, who is in your neighborhood, who is responsible for taking care of the responsible for taking care of the interference?interference?– A.A. The owners of the television receivers The owners of the television receivers

are responsibleare responsible– B.B. Both you and the owners of the Both you and the owners of the

television receivers share the responsibilitytelevision receivers share the responsibility– C.C. You alone are responsible, since your You alone are responsible, since your

transmitter is causing the problemtransmitter is causing the problem– D.D. The FCC must decide if you or the The FCC must decide if you or the

owners of the television receivers are owners of the television receivers are responsibleresponsible

T6C06T6C06 If harmonic radiation If harmonic radiation from your transmitter is causing from your transmitter is causing interference to television interference to television receivers in your neighborhood, receivers in your neighborhood, who is responsible for taking who is responsible for taking care of the interference?care of the interference?– A.A. The owners of the television receivers The owners of the television receivers

are responsibleare responsible– B.B. Both you and the owners of the Both you and the owners of the

television receivers share the responsibilitytelevision receivers share the responsibility

• C.C. You alone are responsible, since You alone are responsible, since your transmitter is causing the problemyour transmitter is causing the problem– D.D. The FCC must decide if you or the The FCC must decide if you or the

owners of the television receivers are owners of the television receivers are responsibleresponsible

T6C07T6C07 If signals from your If signals from your transmitter are causing front-end transmitter are causing front-end overload in your neighbor's overload in your neighbor's television receiver, who is television receiver, who is responsible for taking care of the responsible for taking care of the interference?interference?– A.A. You alone are responsible, since your You alone are responsible, since your

transmitter is causing the problemtransmitter is causing the problem– B.B. Both you and the owner of the Both you and the owner of the

television receiver share the responsibilitytelevision receiver share the responsibility– C.C. The FCC must decide if you or the The FCC must decide if you or the

owner of the television receiver are owner of the television receiver are responsibleresponsible

– D.D. The owner of the television receiver is The owner of the television receiver is responsibleresponsible

T6C07T6C07 If signals from your If signals from your transmitter are causing front-transmitter are causing front-end overload in your neighbor's end overload in your neighbor's television receiver, who is television receiver, who is responsible for taking care of responsible for taking care of the interference?the interference?– A.A. You alone are responsible, since your You alone are responsible, since your

transmitter is causing the problemtransmitter is causing the problem– B.B. Both you and the owner of the Both you and the owner of the

television receiver share the responsibilitytelevision receiver share the responsibility– C.C. The FCC must decide if you or the The FCC must decide if you or the

owner of the television receiver are owner of the television receiver are responsibleresponsible

• D.D. The owner of the television The owner of the television receiver is responsiblereceiver is responsible

T6C08T6C08 What circuit blocks RF What circuit blocks RF energy above and below certain energy above and below certain limits?limits?

– A.A. A band-pass filterA band-pass filter– B.B. A high-pass filterA high-pass filter– C.C. An input filterAn input filter– D.D. A low-pass filterA low-pass filter

T6C08T6C08 What circuit blocks RF What circuit blocks RF energy above and below certain energy above and below certain limits?limits?

• A.A. A band-pass filterA band-pass filter– B.B. A high-pass filterA high-pass filter– C.C. An input filterAn input filter– D.D. A low-pass filterA low-pass filter

T6C09T6C09 If someone tells you that If someone tells you that signals from your hand-held transceiver signals from your hand-held transceiver are interfering with other signals on a are interfering with other signals on a frequency near yours, what may be the frequency near yours, what may be the cause?cause?

– A.A. You may need a power amplifier for You may need a power amplifier for your hand-heldyour hand-held

– B.B. Your hand-held may have chirp from Your hand-held may have chirp from weak batteriesweak batteries

– C.C. You may need to turn the volume up You may need to turn the volume up on your hand-heldon your hand-held

– D.D. Your hand-held may be transmitting Your hand-held may be transmitting spurious emissionsspurious emissions

T6C09T6C09 If someone tells you that If someone tells you that signals from your hand-held signals from your hand-held transceiver are interfering with other transceiver are interfering with other signals on a frequency near yours, signals on a frequency near yours, what may be the cause?what may be the cause?

– A.A. You may need a power amplifier for You may need a power amplifier for your hand-heldyour hand-held

– B.B. Your hand-held may have chirp from Your hand-held may have chirp from weak batteriesweak batteries

– C.C. You may need to turn the volume up You may need to turn the volume up on your hand-heldon your hand-held

• D.D. Your hand-held may be Your hand-held may be transmitting spurious emissionstransmitting spurious emissions

T6C10T6C10 What may happen if an SSB What may happen if an SSB transmitter is operated with the transmitter is operated with the microphone gain set too high?microphone gain set too high?

– A.A. It may cause digital interference to It may cause digital interference to computer equipmentcomputer equipment

– B.B. It may cause splatter interference to It may cause splatter interference to other stations operating near its frequencyother stations operating near its frequency

– C.C. It may cause atmospheric interference It may cause atmospheric interference in the air around the antennain the air around the antenna

– D.D. It may cause interference to other It may cause interference to other stations operating on a higher frequency stations operating on a higher frequency bandband

T6C10T6C10 What may happen if an What may happen if an SSB transmitter is operated with SSB transmitter is operated with the microphone gain set too the microphone gain set too high?high?

– A.A. It may cause digital interference to It may cause digital interference to computer equipmentcomputer equipment

• B.B. It may cause splatter interference It may cause splatter interference to other stations operating near its to other stations operating near its frequencyfrequency– C.C. It may cause atmospheric interference It may cause atmospheric interference

in the air around the antennain the air around the antenna– D.D. It may cause interference to other It may cause interference to other

stations operating on a higher frequency stations operating on a higher frequency bandband

T6C11T6C11 What may cause a buzzing What may cause a buzzing or hum in the signal of an HF or hum in the signal of an HF transmitter?transmitter?

– A.A. Using an antenna that is the wrong Using an antenna that is the wrong lengthlength

– B.B. Energy from another transmitterEnergy from another transmitter– C.C. Bad design of the transmitter's RF Bad design of the transmitter's RF

power output circuitpower output circuit– D.D. A bad filter capacitor in the A bad filter capacitor in the

transmitter's power supplytransmitter's power supply

T6C11T6C11 What may cause a What may cause a buzzing or hum in the signal of buzzing or hum in the signal of an HF transmitter?an HF transmitter?

– A.A. Using an antenna that is the wrong Using an antenna that is the wrong lengthlength

– B.B. Energy from another transmitterEnergy from another transmitter– C.C. Bad design of the transmitter's RF Bad design of the transmitter's RF

power output circuitpower output circuit

• D.D. A bad filter capacitor in the A bad filter capacitor in the transmitter's power supplytransmitter's power supply

T6C12T6C12 (Reference: FCC CIB (Reference: FCC CIB Telephone Interference Bulletin) Telephone Interference Bulletin) What is the major cause of What is the major cause of telephone interference?telephone interference?

– A.A. The telephone ringer is inadequateThe telephone ringer is inadequate– B.B. Tropospheric ducting at UHF Tropospheric ducting at UHF

frequenciesfrequencies– C.C. The telephone was not equipped with The telephone was not equipped with

interference protection when it was interference protection when it was manufactured.manufactured.

– D.D. Improper location of the telephone in Improper location of the telephone in the homethe home

T6C12T6C12 (Reference: FCC CIB (Reference: FCC CIB Telephone Interference Bulletin) Telephone Interference Bulletin) What is the major cause of What is the major cause of telephone interference?telephone interference?

– A.A. The telephone ringer is inadequateThe telephone ringer is inadequate– B.B. Tropospheric ducting at UHF Tropospheric ducting at UHF

frequenciesfrequencies

• C.C. The telephone was not equipped The telephone was not equipped with interference protection when it was with interference protection when it was manufactured.manufactured.– D.D. Improper location of the telephone in Improper location of the telephone in

the homethe home