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Foreign Policy During WWII
“This nation will remain a neutral nation, but I cannot ask that every American remain neutral in
thought as well. Even a neutral has a right to take account of facts, even a neutral cannot be
asked to close his mind or close his conscience. I have said not once but many times that I have
seen war and that I hate war… I hope the United States will keep out of this war, I believe that it will. And I give you assurance and reassurance
that every effort of your government will be directed toward that end. As long as it remains
within my power to prevent there will be no blackout of peace in the United States.”
President Roosevelt during one of his Fireside Chats
The Neutrality ActsDesigned to prevent the United States from being
dragged into a possible European war as a result of the actions of Nazi Germany.
Established a mandatory arms embargo against both victim AND aggressor
1935
Cash-and-Carry Policy
Added to the Neutrality Act of 1935 as the war became more evident.
Belligerents could purchase only non-military goods from the United States, but had to pay cash
and carry the goods on their own vessels after purchase.
1937
Lend-Lease ActAn Act to Further Promote the Defense of the United
States
Amended the Neutrality Act by allowing the United States to sell arms to allied nations BUT also
allowed to lend or lease armaments to any nation “vital to the defense of the United States”
1941
Britain USSR
Japanese-American RelationsJapan invaded Manchuria (in 1931) and mainland China after (Sino-Japanese War in 1937). Invaded French Indochina in 1940.
Three Conditions that Bothered America:1. Alliance with Italy and Germany2. A unified Asia under Hirohito3. Refusal to leave China
How did the US respond?Trade embargo on oil.
Pearl HarborDecember 7th, 1941
Pearl Harbor Attacks - Nat GeoPearl Harbor (1.22.00)
“A date which will live in infamy…”
Pearl HarborShips Sunk &
Completely Lost
Ships Sunk, Rebuilt, Slightly Damaged, or Not Damaged at
all
USS ArizonaUSS Oklahoma
USS Utah2000+ sailors & soldiers
dead1000+ sailors & soldiers
wounded
USS NevadaUSS West Virginia
USS CaliforniaUSS Pennsylvania
USS TennesseeUSS Maryland
USS New OrleansUSS San Francisco
USS Raleigh USS DetroitUSS Phoenix
70+ More ships NOT including submarines, large supplies of oil on the island,
planes, and NO aircraft carriers.
“Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy –the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked
by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”