American Archery

7/29/2019 American Archery

1/339

AMERICANARCHERY


2/339


3/339


4/339


5/339


6/339


7/339

AMERICANARCHERYA Fade Mecum of the Art ofShooting with the Long Bow

Compiled byDR. ROBERT P. ELMER

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THENATIONAL ARCHERY ASSOCIATION OF THEUNITED STATES : : MCMXVII


8/339


9/339

PREFACEThis book was prepared as an act ofthe National Archery Association of the

United States, and its publication authorizedat the annual meeting of that body in 1916.It is made possible by the efforts of its prin-cipal author and its editor, both being Dr.Robert P. Elmer, present and for three yearspast Champion archer of the United States.American and other archers will be gratefulto Dr. Elmer, not only for the filling of thegreat need for any current book at all on thesport, but for the excellence of his own con-tributions and for his diligence and discrim-ination in collecting the remainder of thechapters.Two of the chapters are substantially ofmatter once published in Forest and Stream.

Permission has been given for its reprintingherein. We are gratefulThe format, the cover, the title page andother artistic requirements of the book havebeen made as they are by the advice andassistance of Mr. Arthur N. Hosking. Wehope they are reasonably to his liking; andto him, also, we are grateful.


10/339

4 Preface

The medallion used on the cover and titlepage is from the medal designed by Mr.Cyrus E. Dallin. This beautiful work of artis pronounced by the Secretary of the Ameri-can Numismatic Society to be the best medalever produced in America. Frequent refer-ence to awards of its replicas as prizes will befound in this book.Acknowledgement is made of the work of

the remaining authors.The price of the book will be that necessaryto support its publication. The wider cur-rency it is given, the lower the price may bemade for succeeding editions. If a profit ismade, it will be the property of the NationalArchery Association of the United States.That profit will be expended for the further-ance of the sport. Therefore all promotionof the sale of this book and the making ofgifts of it will work in a pleasing and profitablecircle to the good of archery and archers.Ferbum sapienti. SAMUEL G. McMEEN.


11/339

TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER AUTHOR PAGE

I. History of American Archery. Dr. Robert P. Elmer. . 7II. Study of Correct Archery. Dr. Robert P. Elmer 21

III. Equipment. Dr. Robert P. Elmer 33IV. Hints to Beginners. Samuel G. McMeen 40V. Constitution of the National Archery Association of the

United States 47VI. How to Form an Archery Club. Dr. Robert P. Elmer. 63

VII. Highest Official American Scores. Dr. Edward B.Weston 67

VIII. The Best English Scores. Dr. Edward B. Weston 69IX. Records of the National Archery Association of the

United States. Dr. Edward B. Weston 73X. The Thirty-eighth Annual Tournament of the National

Archery Association of the United States. JamesDuff 85

XI. The Eastern Archery Association. Dr. Robert P.Elmer 103

XII. Best Scores of All Kinds and Feats of Skill. Dr. RobertP. Elmer 114

XIII. The Reddendo Arrows. J. Mark Mauser 152XIV. Scoring by "Points." Dr. Robert P. Elmer 156XV. Flight Shooting. Dr. Robert P. Elmer 160XVI. An American Origin for the Point of Aim. Dr. RobertP. Elmer 171

XVII, Arrowhead, the Archers' Flower. Dr. Robert P. Elmer . 176XVIII. French and Belgian Archery. Dr. Robert P. Elmer. . . 178XIX. Choice of Woods for Bowmaking. James Duff 183XX. Bows and How to Make Them. J. M. Challiss 192XXI. Yew Bow Making. Dr. Harold G. Goldberg 220XXII. How to Make a Bowstring. L. W. Maxson 244XXIII. Notes on Arrow Making. Z. E. Jackson 247XXIV. The Composite Bow. Samuel G. McMeen 280XXV. Glossary, Dr. Robert P. Elmer 285


12/339


13/339

CHAPTER IHISTORY OF AMERICAN ARCHERY

By Dr. Robert P. ElmerIN THE minds of Americans the conceptsrelating to bows and arrows have twowidely different dentations and yet, in thedevelopment of the sport of archery in thiscountry, these sources are so intermingledthat it cannot be said which has had the morepotent influence. From prehistoric times tothe present day the American Indians, thoughin constantly decreasing numbers, have usedbows and arrows as their chief means ofprocuring food and as valuable weapons inwar. Filled with tales of the frontier, boyswithout number have fashioned primitiveimitations of the redman's equipment and haveendeavored to emulate his prowess in thehunt and on the war-path. On the otherhand the white man inherits legends of thebow from mediaeval Europe, with RobinHood standing first in his imagination andbehind him the archers of Crecy, Agincourt,the Wars of the Roses and the Norman Con-


14/339

'8'' ' *American Archery

quest, with hosts of others whom his readingof history and romance have furnished. Moredistant still are the classic bowmen of Greeceand of the vanished empires of Africa andAsia.These two streams of inspiration flowed

together in the formation of the first archeryclub in America of which we have any record."The United Bowmen of Philadelphia" wasfounded in 1828 by Titian Ramsey Peale.This young man, born in 1800, was a memberof the famous family of artists of that name,and to secure drawings of the wild life of ourWest, he had accompanied, as assistantnaturalist, the United States expedition underMajor Long which explored the region fromthe Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains in1819. From the Indians he had learned alove for the bow which he cherished until, afew years later, it led him to gather togetherfive friends and start the club. To harmonizethe sport with the conditions of civilizationthey were obliged to take as patterns theorganizations already existing in England.That "The United Bowmen" was prosper-ous is well proven. Its membership waslimited to 25 and, in all the years of its


15/339

History of American Archery 9existence a total of 57 had joined. They musthave presented a brave appearance as theystood in line, for they shot from under along pavilion which was supported by 25poles, from each of which flew the flag ofthe archer beside it, and they were dressed infrock coats of Lincoln green, ornamented withgold braid, broad straw hats covered withgreen cloth and turned up with three blackostrich plumes, black belts and white panta-loons. The club published a little book called4 The Archer's Manual," copies of which maystill be found in public libraries. Its annualcompetitions were attended by as many as twothousand spectators, and not until 1858 did itstage its last contest.

In 1888 the surviving members met forthe last time and deposited their trophiesand archives with the Pennsylvania HistoricalSociety, where they may now be seen. Thetrophies are in a showcase which can be openedonly by breaking the glass. Chief amongthem is a superb punch bowl, awardedannually to the champion. His name wasengraved on a tag suspended from the rimand he was expected to embellish the outsidewith a heavy, silver acanthus leaf. Other


16/339

io American Archerytrophies are a silver goblet for the secondman, a smaller goblet for the man who madethe hit nearest the center and a brooch forthe sixth man. Strangely enough the third,fourth and fifth men received nothing.

In 1859 the secretary wrote: "No grounds,no shooting." After that came the stirringevents preceding the onset of the Civil Warand archery suddenly ceased, to remain indesuetude for twenty years.

Its revival then was very similar to itsorigin, for again a young man hunted amongthe Indians and afterward introduced thesport to civilization. Maurice Thompson, ayoung Confederate veteran who, in the closingdays of the war, had been wounded in thechest, returned to his home in Georgia onlyto find it in ruins. Ordered by his doctor toan open air life in a still warmer climate, andtoo reduced in circumstances to live by otherthan his own efforts, he and his brother WillH. Thompson journeyed to Florida and thereencamped with an Indian guide. Fire-armswere forbidden them because of their recentbelligerency, so they made crude bows andarrows. With practice they became excellentshots, game was superabundant, and as their


17/339

History of American Archery uskill in hunting increased they also learnedto fashion better weapons.

Fortunately Maurice Thompson was "awriter as well as a fighter" and a few yearslater, in 1877 and 1878, he published a seriesof articles in Scribner's Magazine whichrelated, in exquisite prose, his experiences inthe woods and which, soon afterwards, werecollected in a volume named "The Witcheryof Archery." People at that time had noother lawn sport than croquet and they eagerlywelcomed this more active exercise. Archeryclubs sprang into existence as though bymagic all over the United States, armed withanything from Indian weapons to the finestimported English goods.The Chicago Archery Association conceived

the idea of coordinating all this energy andso they issued a call for a convention ofarchery societies to meet at Crawfordsville,Indiana, where Maurice Thompson was thenliving, to consider the propriety of creatinga National Archery Association for the UnitedStates of America. The meeting was held onJanuary 23rd, 1879, in the office of the mayor,and was attended by representatives of clubsin eight cities. The organization was duly


18/339

12 American Archeryeffected, with Maurice Thompson as^'presi-dent, and it was voted to hold the first GrandNational Tournament at Chicago, for threedays in August, 1879.

This tournament took place, as ordered, atWhite Stocking Park, now a part of GrantPark. Archers gathered from far and near,armed with material of every description,to the number of 89, a record of attendancewhich still remains unbroken. A brass bandfurnished music, caddies collected the arrowswhile the luxurious archers sipped refresh-ments, Society, in force, lent the glamor ofits presence and about two thousand dollarsworth of prizes, in cash, medals and mer-chandise, was competed for. Precedents wereestablished of deciding the Championship bythe Double York Round, the Woman's Cham-pionship by the Double Columbia Round, andthe Men's Team Championship by the Ameri-can Round. The names of the winners ofthe chief events in this and the succeedingtournaments can be found in the tableselsewhere. Of the participants the only onewho are known to be still shooting are G. F.Henry and Tacitus Hussey, of Des Moines,Will H. Thompson, of Seattle, and Dr. E. B.


19/339

History of American Archery 13Weston, of Tropico, California, but untilrecently of Chicago. Homer S. Taylor, whois still one of the most skillful archers in thecountry, was present as a spectator.The chief effect of this tournament was thegeneral recognition of the N. A. A. as thecenter of influence in archery and of its annualtournament as the one preeminent archeryevent of the year.The next two meetings were held in Buffaloand Brooklyn. They were both very success-ful but, after that time, interest in the gameseemed to become centralized in Chicago,Washington and Cincinnati and the succeed-ing tournaments were held either in thosecities or in places which might be consideredas tributaries of them.Changes in the program were made asexperience widened. In 1881 the ladies began

to shoot the Double National Round, aspracticed in England, and thenceforwardthe championship was decided by that, insteadof by the Double Columbia Round. Flightshooting was introduced in 1882 and, in thesame year, the Team Contest was changedfrom a single American Round to its presentform. The Team Contest for ladies was 72


20/339

14 American Archeryarrows at 40 yards, in 1882 and 1883 and asat present, thereafter. In 1883 the DoubleAmerican Round was invented, for the pleas-ure of those who did not care for the longrange shooting, and the winner was recognizedas the American Round Champion, althoughhe was always acknowledged to be inferior inrank to the York Round Champion.

During the last decade of the nineteenthcentury the great popularity of tennis, cycling,and other fascinating sports did much toovershadow the lustre of archery, yet clubscontinued to flourish, here and there, theannual tournaments were always held andthe marksmanship of the contestants at themwas almost uniformly meritorious. Until1902 the chief stars were Maxson, Williams,W. A. Clark and W. H. Thompson among themen and Mrs. Howell and Mrs. Phillipsamong the ladies. The only records thatsurvive from that period are the Flight Shot of290 yards, by Maxson, the Single National of68-398, by Mrs. Howell and the DoubleNational of 132-756, also by her.The year 1903 marks an epoch in archeryin that it saw the return to the game of Dr.E. B. Weston, of Chicago. When it was


21/339

History of American Archery 15decided that archery should have a place onthe program of the Olympic Games, to beheld in St. Louis in 1904, it was found thatthere was no one in the Middle West whowas qualified to take the matter in charge.In this predicament Dr. Weston was per-suaded to devote his energies to reviving thesport in that part of the country and he setabout it with such vigor and persistence thathis name is honored by every archer. Aftera rest of 19 years he shot at the tournamentof 1903, at Niagara Falls, with amusing results.He himself delights in telling that out of 72arrows at 100 yards he made 2-8, thuschallenging the record of John Wilkinson whohad made 1-9 in the previous year.About this time, partly because of theOlympic Games, the spirit of vitality inarcherybecame renascent and each succeedingyear has seen it grow more robust. The1904 tournament was held in the stadium atSt. Louis and the shooting was done in asea of mud. It had rained for fifteen hoursbefore the contest began, so that it was nec-essary to furnish the archers with planks tostand on. At the end of the four days shootingsome were still using them. During these


22/339

1 6 American Archerytwo years the future champions Bryant andRichardson first appeared in competition.In 1905 the tournament was held in

Chicago, with the largest entrance list since1889. Numerous archers of former daysreturned to the sport and new ones of greatpromise became interested.

In 1906 a successful meeting was held atBoston and then for five years the archersmustered at Chicago, mainly for the reasonthat Dr. Weston was willing to do all the hardwork. While all these meetings were on ahigh plane, in every particular, 'that of 1910is chiefly memorable, for there, shooting in ahigh wind, Harry B. Richardson made theAmerican records of 116-566 for the SingleYork Round and 231-1111 for the DoubleYork Round. In the Grand National ofEngland this has been exceeded only once,in 1857, when Ford made the world's recordof 245-1251.At the end of this quinquennial it becameapparent that the increasing number of archersin the East deserved recognition and so 1912saw a highly successful tournament held atBoston, under the presidency of a new andenthusiastic archer, B. P. Gray. The range


23/339

History of American Archery 17was laid out on the athletic field of HarvardUniversity and luncheon was served in theadjacent stadium. The shooting was excep-tionally good. G. P. Bryant made 230-1094in the Double York Round, thus getting fourfigures for the second time in America, andhe created the present records for the Singleand Double American Rounds with 90-618and 177-1153. For the first time three con-testants got over 1000 in the Double AmericanRound. >

In 1913 Boston was the host again. Theonly noteworthy performance this year wasMrs. Bryant's record flight shot of 251 yardsand 2/10 foot.

Since 1910 considerable interest in archeryhad been developing in some of the suburbsof Philadelphia, along the main line of thePennsylvania Railroad, so it was voted toaccept an invitation from the Merion CricketClub at Haverford, to hold the 1914 tourna-ment there.The spacious house of this fashionable club

offered every convenience to the archers andthe velvet lawn, backed by stately trees,made a setting for the targets which hasnever been excelled in beauty. Although the


24/339

1 8 American Archeryentry list was unusually large, no importantrecords were broken. The most interestingfeature was the Double Columbia Roundwhich was so closely contested that therelative position of the first three ladiesdepended on the last arrow.Three successive tournaments in the Eastmade it seem advisable to revisit Chicago in

1915. This meeting was handicapped byexecrable weather. A wet chilling wind,such as is only too common in Chicago,swept in continually from the lake and onthe last day there suddenly descended a delugeas though the flood gates of heaven had burst.In a few minutes the field was ankle deepwith water, making it necessary to strikefrom the program all the events scheduled forthat day. In spite of the bad conditionsMiss Wesson made the records of 72-510 forthe Single Columbia Round and 144-998 forthe Double Columbia Round. She wasshooting in such wonderful form that withbetter weather the national records wouldundoubtedly have been in serious danger.

In archery there is no line between profes-sionals and amateurs, so the members of theN. A. A. were able to express their unanimous


25/339

History of American Archery 19

choice by electing James Duff, our popularfletcher, to be president for the followingyear, in which the tournament was held inhis home town of Jersey City. The ScottishAmerican Archers and the Clan McLeod tookthe big event under their canny guidance andthe delightful result is fresh ' in the gratefulmemories of us all. Although the attendancewas very satisfactory it would have beenmuch larger had it not been for the appre-hension produced by the great epidemic ofinfantile paralysis in the neighboring cities ofNewark and New York. However, theshooting throughout was of a very high grade.For the second time three men passed thethousand mark in the Double AmericanRound, for the third time the four figureswere obtained in the Double York Round andthe flight shot was within six inches of therecord. The comfort of the archers was pro-vided for in every way, particularly by a longawning for the ladies to stand under whileshooting, a feature which recalled the pavilionof the United Bowmen of Philadelphia.At the closing banquet about forty brawScots appeared in full Highland costume,their bows and arrows replaced by dirk and


26/339

2O American Archery

skean-dhu. Here good-fellowship reigned su-preme until the piper had squeezed the lasttune through his chanter and the wholeassembly, with arms crossed and hands clasp-ed, had fervently sung "Auld Lang Syne."


27/339

Study of Correct Archery 21

CHAPTER IISTUDY OF CORRECT ARCHERY

By Dr. Robert P. Elmer

WHEN Roger Ascham, in 1542, wroteToxophilus, "this Englishe matter inthe Englishe tongue for Englishe men," he setthe fashion for all future writers on archery bydividing the act of shooting with the long-bowinto five parts, which he called, in the orderof their occurrence, Standing, Nocking, Draw-ing, Holding and Loosing. As each of theseis a step which must be mastered separatelybefore the archer can rise to a plane of merit,I will still follow, in this short thesis, the"Scholemaster's" classic lead. At the sametime I will try to present to the novice suchother directions that he may know what todo from the moment he steps to the Shootingline till the arrow is quivered in its mark.

First of all he should study, with greatcare, the Constitution of the National ArcheryAssociation and, so far as possible, conformhis shooting to its rules. After that, let ushope he may find what follows a guide tohelp him in practical shooting.


28/339

22 American Archery

The six arrows, to be shot at one end, maybe carried on the person, in a quiver or trouser'spocket, or they may be stood on the groundin front of the archer in some kind of recep-tacle.To string the bow, grasp its handle with theleft hand, the back of the bow being upper-

most, and place the lower end, just above thetip, against the hollow of the left foot. Placethe "heel" of the right hand against theupper end of the bow, below the loop of thestring, and take the loop lightly between thethumb and forefinger. Then, holding the lefthand steady, push hard with the right,letting it slide toward the nock and carryingthe loop up till it falls into its groove. Allpressure should be exerted on the bow, noton the string. To unstring the bow, bend it inthe same way and pick the string out, lightly,with the first finger.The correct stand is very important. Inarchery one does not toe the mark, he straddlesit. The heels should be about nine inchesapart in the line the arrow is to follow, thearcher, therefore, standing with his left sidetoward the target. The feet may be either intheir natural position or, as taught by Dr.


29/339


Weston, the left foot may be at right angles-to the line of the heels and the right footpoint about forty-five degrees backwards.The weight should be borne evenly by bothfeet.The body should be perfectly erect.The position of the head must vary some-what with the individual. Classically, it

should first be erect, as with a soldier at"Attention," and then turned sharply to theleft so that the target is seen over the leftshoulder. Yet for some people it is necessaryto crane the neck, or tilt the head slightly,in order to provide for two essentials in arch-ery, one, that the nock of the arrow bedirectly under the right eye, and the otherthat there be a clear way for the string.Many archers, especially ladies, find that inthe orthodox position the string hits the leftarm, elbow, shoulder or chest, causing greatpain and ruining the shot. Such people musthold the shoulder well down and back andsometimes must even face slightly toward thetarget, changing the position of the feetaccordingly.To nock the arrow, grasp the bow-handleexactly as it will be held in shooting, the hand


30/339

24 American Archerybeing even with the top of the handle, andhold the bow horizontal. Take the arrow bythe nock, with the thumb and forefinger, andlay it on the bow, just touching the hand.Then fit it to the string, with the cock featherout, at exactly right angles, remembering thatthis relation is to the string and not to the bow,which may be crooked. During this opera-tion the arrow may be steadied by the leftfore finger, but it is not at all necessary todo so.To draw the bow, hook the first threefingers under the string (the bow still being

horizontal), with the arrow between thefirst and second, so that the string rests onthe middle of the pads of the first joints.Then, turning the bow to a vertical position,raise the left arm stiffly, with elbow locked,straight away from the body, like a pump-handle, till the hand is level with the chin.Regarding the grip on the bow-handle there isa difference of opinion. Most authors sayto grasp it with all one's strength but, person-ally, I prefer a very loose grip, the arm, andwrist however, being stiff as steel. Thereason is derived from the fact, experimentallyproven, that when a bow is held in a vise the


31/339

Study of Correct Archery 25arrow will fly far to the left. In shooting byhand an arrow goes straight because it pushesthe bow a fraction of an inch to the right and,obviously, this can be done more freely whenthe grip is loose than when it is tight. Afterthus elevating the bow proceed, with suchquick movements as to save one's strength forthe aiming, to draw the string back so thatthe pile rests on the hand and the nock isdirectly under the right eye, not necessarilynear that organ but somewhere, on the faceor neck, in the vertical line dropped from it.At every shot, no matter what distance fromthe target, the arrow must be drawn to itsfull length and held there, until loosed, with-out being allowed to creep forward so muchas an eighth of an inch. In drawing, keepthe elbow free from the body and fully ashigh as the hand. This allows the powerfulmuscles of the shoulder and shoulder-bladeto do most of the pulling and makes one feelthat he "puts his body into the bow," asBishop Hugh Latimer expressed it. Thehand must follow in the line of the arrow,bending sharply from the forearm at the wrist.The arrow must next be aimed, and themajority of archers do this with both eyes


32/339

26 American Archery

open. There are many, however, who closethe left eye. It is probable that in targetshooting one way is as good as the other, butin hunting it is quite necessary to use botheyes in order to judge distance. A beginnerwill often find, to his surprise, when hisarrows are missing by wide margins, that heis not sighting with the right eye, as he thinkshe is, but, inadvertently, is catching the aimwith the left. In such a case he must shutthe left eye until his vision be straightenedout.The most difficult thing in aiming and,indeed, in all archery, is the control of thenock end of the arrow. The tip can be seen,and its position accurately adjusted, but therear end, which is just as important, must becontrolled entirely by touch. Thus, somearchers draw to the angle of the jaw, some tothe corner of the mouth, some to a tooth(felt through the lip), some to the Adam'sApple and some to the end of the collar-bonebut everyone, who wishes to shoot well,must find some part of his facial or cervicalanatomy, in the line below the right eye, towhich he can always draw the nock withunfailing precision.


33/339


The right hand being immovably fixed itfollows that all variations in aim must bemade by altering the position of the lefthand, in either vertical or horizontal direc-tions. This means that one must bear inmind two things, the line to the target,which is easily found by sighting along theshaft, and the elevation of the arrow. " Eleva-tion" means the height of the tip with rela-tion to the nock and is what determines thedistance the shaft will fly. Forty-five degreeswill give the greatest trajectory but muchless is required for ordinary shooting. To getthe correct elevation, and have it the samefor each succeeding arrow, one must makeuse of an expedient originated by HoraceFord and called by him "The Point of Aim."The meaning of this term may be explainedas follows.When the arrow is fully drawn, and pointedin the line toward the target, the archerraises his left hand as much as his judgmentdirects and then, sighting over the tip of thepile, notes what his gaze falls on. Perhapsit is a dandelion, a lump of earth, a cloud orsome other object. If, when shot from thiselevation, the arrow hit the target, the object


34/339

28 American Archery

which the archer sees over his tip is his pointof aim and he can get the correct trajectoryfor all his subsequent arrows by sightingtheir tips on that same point. If his arrowgo too low, he must take a point of aimfarther away, if too high, one nearer to him-self. For most archers the point of aim at100 yards is high in the sky and consequentlyimpossible to find on certain shooting grounds.A special method of aiming, devised for thisdistance, is to paint a small white or blackring on the arrow, so placed that, when theelevation is right, the ring will be in linebetween the eye and the target. This is agood way but it requires considerable practicebecause, while the target is visible to the lefteye, it is concealed from the right eye bythe bow-hand. If, however, both eyes bekept open and the gaze centered fixedly onthe target, there will be produced an opticalillusion of looking through the bow-hand,with the ring on the arrow seen vaguely byindirect vision.

Authorities differ as to whether, in shootingat the shorter ranges, the gaze should becentered on the target, with the point of aimseen by indirect vision, or whether the


35/339

Study of Correct Archery 29latter should be in primary focus and theformer seen only vaguely. Probably eitherway is correct, provided the archer be con-sistent and do not let his eye wander.

Holding is really a part of aiming. Itrefers to the time in which the arrow is heldmotionless just prior to the instant of flight,when that final coordination of eye andmuscle is effected which is the acme ofrefined technique. Roger Ascham taught thatthis moment should be so brief as to be"better perceived in the mind than seen withthe eye." Nevertheless, I have noticed thatall the best shots in this country hold untilthey are perfectly certain that their aim isaccurate and that all else is as it should be.In this connection I would say that a valuable,but difficult, thing to learn is to relax thestring, without loosing the arrow, and beginthe shot again when one feels that some-thing is wrong. The frequent remark, "Iknew that was not right before I shot it," isa reproach to the archer.If the archer has nocked, drawn, aimed andheld his arrow precisely as he has beendirected to do he is now ready for the finalact which frees the shaft from his control


36/339

30 American Archeryand leaves it to be guided only by the lawsof physics. Of all things in the art of shootingloosing is the most important. Without agood loose all that has been done beforecounts for naught. I emphasize this par-ticularly because most beginners seem tothink that the aim is everything, forgettingthat the flight of the arrow depends whollyon its position at the moment when it finallyquits the string and on the propulsive forcebehind it, and that both of these factorsmay be ruined by the slightest side pull orsluggishness in loosing. To secure a goodloose remember that the string must be borneon the first pad of each finger, and neverhooked in the joint itself. Furthermore, theweight of the pull must be even on eachfinger. Usually the third finger has a tend-ency to carry most of the strain and thesecond much less, while the first finger takesup its share of the burden so reluctantly thatit has been nicknamed, by Will Thompson,"The Shirking First."The ideal loose is the one that liberatesthe string with a minimum of disturbanceand retains the full tension of the bow upto the very last. It cannot be obtained by


37/339


plucking the fingers off the string, as a harpertwangs his instrument, because that woulddisconcert the aim. Neither will it sufficesimply to open the fingers and let the stringescape, for then the cast of the bow is lessened.The best way is to stiffen the arm still further,by a pull of the muscles that connect theshoulder-blade with the shoulder, as thoughone were continuing to draw, while the stringis allowed to roll, at the same identical mo-ment of time, off the tips of the three fingers.

It seems to me that Ascham should haveadded to his description of shooting a sixthdivision, which he might have called pausing,for, after the string has left the hand, thearcher must stand, for a moment, like astatue, in the exact pose that he held at theinstant of loosing. Otherwise he will find itimpossible to keep the muscles at preciselythe same tension while the arrow is crossingthe bow. The left hand must not drop aniota and the right hand must remain restingfirmly against the spot it has been drawn to.The best index at this point is the rightelbow. If it has not dropped even a smallfraction of an inch, the loose will probablyhave been a good one.


38/339

32 American ArcheryIn conclusion I would say that in no sport

is the need of exactness in detail greater thanit is in archery and, also, that the practicewhich leads to virtuosity consists not so muchin mere frequency of shooting as in the carefulstudy of every shaft that is sped.


39/339

Equipment 33

CHAPTER III*EQUIPMENT

By Dr. Robert P. Elmer

THE beginner will find the following in-structions helpful to him in selectinghis equipment, or "Artillery" in the originalmeaning of the word.

ARROWSOf all things in the equipment of the archerthe most important is the arrow. Unless

every shaft be perfect and exactly like itsfellows it is impossible to shoot well, nomatter how good the rest of the tacklemay be.Arrows may be plain or footed. The former

are made of one piece of wood and are fitonly for toys. The latter have a shaft ofsoft wood with a "foot," or piece of hardwood, spliced on the pile end. This footbalances the arrow, so that it has a better

*NOTE. It used to be that archery goods made in England weremuch better than those made in America. Of late years, however,our domestic products have been so much improved that now theyfully equal, if they do not even surpass, the foreign makes.


40/339

34 American Archeryflight, and also makes it much less liable tobreak. The shaft should be Douglas fir, spruceor Norway Pine. The foot may be of anystrong, heavy wood.The pile, or point, of the arrow should bein the shape of a cylinder with a bev-elled end.The nock, or slotted piece for the string,may be of fibre, horn or aluminum. The firsttwo are wedge-shaped and set into the wood.The aluminum nocks are fitted over the end,like ferrules, and may be either tubular, aspatented in England by Aldred, or cut fromthe solid bar, as used in America by Duff.Metal nocks are less apt to be injured whenhit by another arrow, than are those of hornor fibre; the solid nocks are stronger than thetubular.The best feathers are from the turkey.They should be stiff and cut to exactly thesame shape. White, or brilliantly coloredfeathers, are better than those of sombrehues because they can be seen more readilyin the grass.Men's arrows should be 28 inches long,

although a very tall or short man mayrequire an inch more or less than that. They


41/339

Equipment 35should weigh from 300 to 420 grains, in pro-portion to the strength of the bow. Englisharrows are marked in shillings; equivalentto 87^ grains to the shilling.Women's arrows should be 25 inches long

and should weigh from 277 grains to 341grains. BowThe parts of the bow are named as follows :

Back, Belly, Upper Limb, Lower Limb,Handle and Nocks. Bows are of two kinds,self and backed. A self bow is made eitherof one long stave or of two short staves splicedat the handle. Backed bows are made oftwo or more strips of wood glued together,either continuous or spliced. By this meansthe back can be made of raw-hide, or moreoften, of some wood possessing great tensilestrength, like hickory or the sap-wood ofyew, while the belly is made of a soft woodcapable of high resiliency under com-pression stress. Belgian and French bows,which are usually exquisitely made, oftenhave three or even four laminae of wood butEnglish and American bows seldom have morethan the two.


42/339

36 American Archery

Experts agree that the yew bow is the mostpleasant to shoot, because of the smoothnessof its draw. The relative merits of the selfyew and yew-backed yew have been muchdiscussed but the difference, if any exist, ispractically negligible. In general it may besaid that backed and self bows are equallygood, the method of manufacture dependingmore on the material of which the bow ismade than on anything else.Although yew bows are nice to have they

are very expensive and will not make a bitbetter scores than the cheaper lemonwoodbows usually found in the shops. Bryantmade the N. A. A. record for the AmericanRpund with a lemonwood bow a.nd Rendtorflmade his wonderful practice scores with one.

In selecting a bow, one should string itand see that the cord is then parallel to thehandle. If this be not the case it means thatone limb is too strong for the other. Heshould then pull the string back about a footand let it go. If the bow give a big kick inthe hand it shows that the two limbs do notreturn to their normal positions at the samemoment. Next he should draw the fulldistance and note whether the curve of each


43/339

Equipment 37limb be regular and whether the bow gives?or bends, in the hand. This latter is a gravefault, because the centre of the bow, forabout eight inches, should not bend at all ifthe bow is to have a good cast.Men's bows are six feet long and weigh

from 35 to 55 pounds. By "weight," ismeant the tractive force necessary to draw a28 inch arrow to the head. Forty-twopounds is a good weight for the average man.The beginner almost invariably selects toostrong a bow, not realizing that it is impossibleto shoot accurately with strained muscles.Women's bows are 5 feet 6 inches and

weigh from 20 to 35 pounds for a 25 incharrow. BRACERThe bracer, or arm-guard, is a piece of

leather laced to the flexor surface of the fore-arm to protect it from the whipping of thestring. A very satisfactory kind is made ofharness leather furnished with hooks likethose on men's shoes.

FlNGER-TlPSThe most popular protector for the fingers

is made by reinforcing the tips of the first


44/339

38 American Archery

three fingers of an ordinary suede glove withpieces of thin, but stiff, leather.Leather thimbles are preferred by some and

are satisfactory if care be taken to get aperfect fit. The best kind has the end leftopen and the part over the finger nail cutaway.

STRINGSBefore the war the best strings came from

Germany and Belgium. At present it isnecessary to use domestic strings, which aremanufactured according to the directionsgiven by Maxson elsewhere in this book.

QUIVERQuivers are almost indispensable for women

and are preferred by many men because oftheir cleanliness. All the patterns usuallysold are satisfactory.Many archers prefer to lay their arrows on

a stool, or rack, in front of them, or to standthem in a vase. The heavy glass discs,perforated with several holes for holdingseparate flower stems, serve admirably. Theholders made for surf-casting rods do verywell.


45/339

Equipment 39

TARGET STANDSThese are simply made of three pieces ofone inch by three inch white pine, with aloose bolt, or pintle, through them near thetop. The outer staves are 6 feet long andthe middle 6 feet 6 inches. They can bespread out to form a tripod to hang thetarget on. The string is simply thrown overthe top, no special hook being necessary.The iron stands sold by most dealers are

pernicious in the extreme. They break thearrows almost constantly and should neverbe used.

TARGETThe target must be up to the full size of

4 feet in width and 4 inches in thickness. Itshould be well tested with the finger to seethat the straw is thick and hard at everypoint, as a target'that is soft, or looselywrapped,is wholly useless.The face should be painted in dull colorsthat will not glisten in the sun, and the redand blue rings should be in pale shades sothat the arrows can be seen in them easily.


46/339

4-O American Archery

CHAPTER IVHINTS To BEGINNERSBy Samuel G. McMeen

THE best one hint to a beginner is: Followthe methods laid down by Dr. Elmer inthe chapters in this book on correct archeryand equipment.There are a few points not touched upon

by the authorities, however, on which onebeginner perhaps may best be taught by an-other. It is probably for that reason that thischapter was assigned to the present writer.One of these is the trouble of the arrowfalling from the knuckle of the left hand asthe latter is lifted to the shooting positionand the draw is begun. The advice usuallygiven to the novice on this point by theexperienced archer is: "Keep on trying; thattrouble will disappear in time. I used to bebothered by it years ago, but not for verylong." Probably true, but not of much useto the beginner.The writer's belief is that this falling of thearrow from the left hand is due to the failure


47/339

Hints to Beginners 41of the first finger of the right hand to pullhard enough on the string, and to the con-sequent pressure of that forefinger downwardon the arrow when the latter is in the hori-zontal position. That is, the string tends topull the drawing fingers of the beginner intoa full V with the nock of the arrow at theapex, while the fingers of the trained archerresist the string more fully and hold theirportion of it more nearly vertical.The remedy is to force the forefinger ofthe drawing hand to do its work. An expedi-ent of help while that finger is getting trained,is to place the forefinger on the string asensible distance from the arrow at the timeof nocking, and so to prevent the pinching ofthe arrow that brings on the trouble of itssliding from the bow-hand knuckle. Makethe forefinger do its work.Another trouble of the beginner is that the

side of the right forefinger next to the secondfinger develops soreness and perhaps a blister.To avoid this, consciously set that finger alittle distance from the arrow at the time ofnocking; use surgical tape on the tender partof the finger; if the will cannot control themuscles, fasten a bit of cork to the glove


48/339

42 American Archerybetween those two fingers so that they mustkeep a little apart. Also, make the forefingerdo its work.Hold the breath during the acts of aimingand loosing.Learn as early as you can what is meant by

the "point of aim." It is not an abstrusesubject. Some beginners practice it naturallyfrom the outset. The whole subject may besaid to be the art of hitting the target betterby looking at something else than at the gold.There is for an archer, with given equip-

ment, only one distance at which on a calmday the point of the arrow will be directlybetween his right eye and the gold. Thatdistance is more likely to be eighty yardsthan any other of the standard target dis-tances. If it be eighty yards, and he shootcorrectly in all other particulars, he can soonbecome a better archer at that distance thanhe is at a greater or less distance, unlesshe masters the point of aim. This he maydo readily, if he will merely hold the pointof the arrow between the right eye and someother object than the gold when shooting atdistances other than the single one hereassumed. At the greater distances, the point


49/339

Hints to Beginners 43of aim of most archers is above the target.At all the distances of the American Round,the point of aim is on the ground in front ofthe target for all archers who draw to thebottom of the chin or below it.Master the point of aim early in your

career. See it by direct vision, and the goldby indirect. See that the arrow lies in theline to both the point of aim and the gold,unless wind-allowance is required. Keep thepoint of aim directly between you and thegold, unless wind-allowance is being made.If in doubt that you are standing in the rightplace to meet the last-named caution, holdyour bow at arm's length so as to make aplumb-line of the string, and see if the lattercuts both the gold and the point of aim. Youwill be surprised at the untruths your eyestell you. Check them up from time to time.When a point of aim is established on acertain day and for a certain set of arrowsand a certain bow and the certain state ofyour nerves and muscles, fix it firmly in mindby reference to surrounding objects so that itmay not be lost or mistaken.Have no shame in using an artificial objectas a point of aim. Eggshells, gold balls, balls


50/339

44 American Archeryof paper, dandelions, all legitimate. Theideal is a spherical mirror, smaller than agarden gazing-globe and larger than the bulb ofa thermometer, as such an object reflects theimage of the sun as a practical point, with noreal area and with great but not blindingbrilliance.Make notes of your points of aim at theseveral standard distances. Carry a card withmarks enabling you to take quick sights withthe card at arm's length, instantly establishingthe distance between the gold and the pointof aim. Watch the first few arrows to see ifthe point is true under today's conditions.Bows' strengths vary as the temperaturerises and falls. Higher points of aim arenecessary with the same bow on warmerdays. Watch this.To what exact point do you draw the nockend of the arrow? There have been cham-pions who confessed they did not know, butthey have no particular pride in that. Thenock end of the arrow must be drawn to apoint directly below the right eye, but thatpoint may vary considerably in height. Findthe one spot where the nature of your anatomyis best suited, and draw always to that spot.


51/339

Hints to Beginners 45Decide for yourself, after full and careful

trial, whether your form is best when grippingthe bow-handle rigidly, or by the lowerfingers of the left hand only, the upper partof the hand relaxed. When this is deter-mined, follow the successful method to thecomplete exclusion of all others. Whateverthe nature of the bow-hand grip, keep theleft arm rigid at the instant of the loose.Happy is the archer who has trained his

left arm so as to make an arm-guard (bracer)unnecessary. Except for deformed anato-mies, that training is possible. If the stringtouch anything but the nock of the arrowafter leaving the fingers, that shot is im-paired. Therefore: String your bow fully,with due caution. Let the bracer, if you mustuse one, be of thin, firm, smooth leather.Watch its upper edge, that the string does notstrike that.

Score your shooting and PRESERVEYOUR SCORES.Not many archers can shoot without a

glove or tips for the drawing hand. Makeyour own. A good way is to sew horsehideto the tips of the fingers of a kid glove. Thekid need not be heavy. If the combination


52/339

46 American Archeryof the kid and horsehide is not thick enough,put parchment cut from the edge of yourHigh School diploma between the kid andthe horsehide. For the third finger, if it betender, use a slip of quill instead of the parch-ment. Pare its edges. Slip in the quill orparchment after sewing all but the lower edgeof the tip.Use a round stick as a form inside theglove finger in sewing on the tips. Sew withfine silk thread, using several strands, waxed,taking close, small stitches. Let the horse-hide cover three-fourths of the circumferenceof the glove finger.


53/339

National Constitution 47

CHAPTER VCONSTITUTION OF THE NATIONAL ARCHERY

ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES1. This organization shall be known as the

National Archery Association of theUnited States of America.

2. The objects of the Association shall be toencourage the practice of archery andto arrange, each year, a Tournament todetermine the archery championships ofthe United States.

3. The officers of the Association shall be aPresident, three Vice-presidents and aSecretary-Treasurer.

4. There shall be an Executive Committee,consisting of the five officers and fourother members, of which the Presidentshall be chairman. It shall have fullcontrol of the business and property ofthe Association, except when the Associa-tion is assembled in its Annual BusinessMeeting.

5. The officers, and the other members ofthe Executive Committee, shall assume


54/339

48 American Archerythe functions of office within thirtydays after their election and shall holdoffice until the qualification of theirsuccessors.

6. All records, fully completed, and theproperly audited accounts, together withthe funds and all other property of theAssociation, shall be turned over to thenewly elected officers within thirty daysafter the close of the Annual Tourna-ment.

7. A vacant office may be filled by a voteof a majority of the Executive Com-mittee.

8. Anyone may be admitted to membershipin the Association if recommended by amember in good standing and approvedby the President and Secretary-Treas-urer.

9. An application for membership must beaccompanied by a Membership Fee ofthree dollars and an Annual Due of twodollars, which will be returned if theapplicant be not accepted.

10. A member may be expelled by a vote ofa majority of those present at an AnnualBusiness Meeting.


55/339

National Constitution 491 1 . Anyone may be elected to Life Member-

ship, without dues, by a special vote atan Annual Business Meeting.

12. The Annual Due for each member shallbe two dollars.

13. A member shall be suspended at the endof a fiscal year for non-payment of thedues of that year. He may be reinstatedat any time by paying either his lapseddues or the initiation fee, as he mayprefer, together with the dues of theyear in which his reinstatement occurs.

14. The fiscal year shall end at midnight ofthe last day of the Annual Tournament.15. On being originally admitted to member-

ship one shall pay a Membership Feeof three dollars.

16. The Association shall hold an AnnualTournament, between the i$th of Julyand the isth of September, each Year.This Tournament shall be to determinethe Archery championships of the UnitedStates and for such other forms of prac-tice and competition in archery as aredirected by the Executive Committee.

17. Before a member may participate in anAnnual Tournament he must pay a


56/339

50 American Archerytarget fee of three dollars and must befree of all indebtedness to the Associa-tion, including the dues for the currentyear.

18. The Association shall hold an AnnualBusiness Meeting during the AnnualTournament. At this meeting the officersand other members of the ExecutiveCommittee for the ensuing year shall beelected, the place for the next AnnualTournament decided upon and any otherbusiness transacted.

19. The Annual Tournament shall be underthe supervision of the Executive Com-mittee, which shall be represented by aField-Captain. When possible the Presi-dent shall be Field-Captain, but, if hecannot serve, the Executive Committeeshall appoint one of the archers present.

20. The Field-Captain may appoint, to assisthim, as many other general field officersas he may deem necessary.

21. At each target one archer shall be ap-pointed by the Field-Captain to beTarget Captain and another to be Scorer.

22. The following events for men must beshot at each Annual Tournament:


57/339

National Constitution 51The Double York Round, consisting of

144 arrows at 100 yards96 " " 80 "48 " " 60 ."The Double American Round, consisting

of60 arrows at 60 yards60 " " 50 "60 " " 40 "The Team Round for Men, consisting of96 arrows at 60 yards.The Flight Shoot for Men, consisting of

3 shots, not necessarily with differentarrows.

23. The following events for women must beshot at each Annual Tournament:The Double National Round, consisting

of96 arrows at 60 yards48 " " 50 "The Double Columbia Round, consisting

of48 arrows at 50 yards48

" "40

"48 " " 30 "TheTeam Round for Women, consisting of96 arrows at 50 yards.


58/339

52 American ArcheryThe Flight Shoot for Women, consistingof

3 shots, not necessarily with differentarrows.

24. Other events may be added at the dis-cretion of the Executive Committee.

25. Any kind of bow, except a cross-bow, andany kind of arrow, may be used in anyevent.

25. The face of the target shall consist of acentral disk, 9^0 inches in diameter,and four concentric rings, each 4%,inches in width, painted, respectively,from within out, gold, red, blue, blackand white.

27. The value of the colors shall be: Gold-9,Red-y, Blue-5, Black-3, White-i.

28. If an arrow cut two colors it shall countas having hit the inner one.

29. The targets shall be placed on easels, thecenter of the gold being four feet fromthe ground.

30. An arrow must remain in the targetuntil recorded by the scorer.

31. An arrow rebounding from, or passingthrough, the scoring face of the targetshall count as one hit and five in value.


59/339

National Constitution 5332. Each archer shall shoot, at one time, six

arrows, called an "end." Unless ex-cused by his target captain he shallshoot three, yield place to his targetmates and then, in his turn, shoot theother three.

33. The arrows of each archer must bear adistinctive mark.34. Every arrow leaving the bow shall bedeemed as having been shot if the archer,

while standing within the line from whichhe has been shooting, cannot reach itwith his bow. This rule is void if eitherthe bow, string or arrow break duringthe shot.

35. A hit, or hits, made by an archer on atarget not assigned to him shall not becounted.

36. All disputes shall be referred to thecaptain of the target at which they arise.From him an appeal may be taken to theField-Captain,whose decision shall befinal.

37. The Champion Archer of the UnitedStates shall be the archer who, in anAnnual Tournament, has the highestresult obtained by adding together thescores and hits of his Double York and


60/339

54 American ArcheryDouble American Rounds. In case ofa tie the archer with the greatest scorewins. In case of a second tie the archerwith the greatest score in the YorkRound wins.

38. Any woman, wishing to compete for theChampionship of the United States orfor the other titles competed for by themen, may shoot as a man, being subjectto all the rules and conditions imposedon the men.

39. No man may compete in the events forwomen.

40. The Champion Woman Archer of theUnited States shall be the woman who,in an Annual Tournament, has thehighest result obtained by adding to-gether the scores and hits of her DoubleNational and Double Columbia Rounds.In case of a tie the woman with thegreatest score wins. In case of a secondtie the woman with the greatest score inthe Double National Round wins.

41. The word "Champion" shall be appliedto none but these two.42. The Winner of the Double York Round

shall be the archer who has the highest


61/339

National Constitution 55result obtained by adding together hitsand score. In case of a tie the archerwith the highest score wins. In case of asecond tie the archer with the highestscore at 100 yards wins.

43. The Winner of the Double AmericanRound shall be the archer who has thehighest score. In case of a tie the archerwith the most hits wins. In case of asecond tie the archer with the highestscore at 60 yards wins.

44. No archer shall be allowed to shoot thefirst and second rounds of the DoubleAmerican and Double York upon thesame target.

45. The Winning Team of Men shall be theteam of four archers, who must have beenmembers of the same archery club for atleast one month, which has the greatestaggregate score in the Team Contest.Three men may shoot as a team but theirscores must count against those madeby the four-men teams if any such com-pete. In case of a tie the team with themost hits wins. In case of a second tiethe honors are divided.


62/339

56 American Archery46. The Winner of the Flight Shoot for Men

shall be the man, or woman, who shootsan arrow the greatest distance. In caseof a tie another arrow shall be shot.

47. The Winner of the Double NationalRound shall be the woman who has thehighest result obtained by adding to-gether hits and score. In case of a tiethe woman with the highest score wins.In case of a second tie the woman withthe highest score at 60 yards wins.

48. The Winner of the Double ColumbiaRound shall be the woman who has thehighest score. In case of a tie the womanwith the most hits wins. In case of asecond tie the woman with the highestscore at 50 yards wins.

49. The Winning Team of Women shall bethe team of four women, who musthave been members of the same archeryclub for at least one month, which hasthe greatest aggregate score in the TeamContest. Three women may shoot as ateam but their scores must count againstthose made by the four-women teams ifany such compete. In case of a tie the


63/339


64/339


65/339


66/339

58 American Archeryest score at 80 yards, barring the Cham-pion, the Winners of the Double Yorkand Double American Rounds and theWinner of the 100 Yard Range Medal.The 60 Yard Range Medal for the great-est gross score at 60 yards in the DoubleYork, the Double American and theTeam Rounds, barring the Champion,the Winners of the Double York andDouble American Rounds and the Win-ners of the medals for the longer ranges.The 50 Yard Range Medal for the great-est score at 50 yards, barring the Cham-pion, the Winners of the Double Yorkand Double American Rounds and theWinners of the medals for the longerranges.The 40 Yard Range Medal for the great-est score at 40 yards, barring the Cham-pion, the winners of the Double York andDouble American Rounds and the Win-ners of the medals for the longer ranges.The Maurice Thompson Medal for thegreatest score at 100 yards.The Spalding Medal for Men for themost Golds in the Double York Round.The Potomac Medal for the greatest


67/339

National Constitution 59score in the Team Round, whether thearcher be a member of a team ornot.The Pearsall Bugle to the Winning Teamof Men.The Duff Arrow to the man, in his firstNational Tournament, who makes thegreatest score in the Double AmericanRound.The Ovington Beaker to the Winner ofthe Flight Shoot.The Jiles Cup to the man whose totalobtained by adding together the hitsand scores of his Double York andDouble American Rounds shall showthe greatest improvement over his similartotal at the last National Tournamentin which he took part. No scores morethan 2 years old shall be counted.The Clan McLeod Cup to the Winnerof any Novelty Shoot that the ExecutiveCommittee may place on the program.The Elmer Wooden Spoon to the manwho, having shot through the wholeof the Double York and Double AmericanRounds, shall have the lowest score inthem.


68/339

60 American Archery

53. The Prizes for Women which are thepermanent property of the Associationshall be awarded as follows:The National Medal to the Winner ofthe Double National Round.The Columbia Medal to the Winner ofthe Double Columbia Round.The 60 Yard Range Medal for the great-est score at 60 yards, barring the Cham-pion and the Winners of the DoubleNational and Double Columbia Rounds.The 50 Yard Range Medal for the great-est score at 50 yards in the DoubleNational, Double Columbia and TeamRounds, barring the Champion, the Win-ners of the Double National and DoubleColumbia Rounds and the Winner ofthe 60 yard Range Medal.The 40 Yard Range Medal for the great-est score at 40 yards, barring the Cham-pion, the Winners of the Double Na-tional and Double Columbia Rounds andthe Winners of the medals for the longerranges.The 30 Yard Range Medal for the great-est score at 30 yards, barring the Cham-pion, the Winners of the Double Na-


69/339

National Constitution 61

tional and Double Columbia Rounds andthe Winners of the medals for the longerranges.The Spalding Medal for Women for themost Golds in the Double NationalRound.The Peacock Cup to the Winning Teamof Women.The Maid Marian Arrow to the Archer,in her first National Tournament, whomakes the greatest score in the DoubleColumbia Round.The Sidway Medal to the Winner of theFlight Shoot.The Jessop Trophy to the Winner of theWand Shoot.The C. C. Beach Junior Brooch to thegirl under 18 who makes the greatestscore in the Double Columbia Round.If no archer fulfills these requirements itshall be awarded to the youngest womanpresent, no matter what her score may be.54. The Dallin Medal in Gold shall be givenoutright to the two Champions but tono one else.

55. The Dallin Medal in Silver or Bronzemay be given outright to the Winners


70/339

62 American Archeryof such conditions or events as may havebeen announced by the Executive Com-mittee before the beginning of the Tourna-ment.

56. * Special Prizes may be awarded at thediscretion of the Executive Committee.

56. All previous constitutions are herebyrevoked.57. This constitution may be altered oramended only at an Annual Business

Meeting of the Association, and by atwo-thirds majority of those present.

*NoTE. The only special prize now in possession of the Associa-tion (June, 1917) is the Weston Trophy, which is not numberedamong the permanent prizes because it becomes the property of thearcher who wins it three times in succession. It is awarded as follows:The Weston Trophy shall be awarded to the archer, of either sex,who makes the most Golds at any one end of six arrows during theTournament. All claims must be accompanied by a record of stringmeasurement from the pin-center to the inner edge of each arrow.


71/339

T

How to Form an Archery Club 63

CHAPTER VIHow TO FORM AN ARCHERY CLUB

By Dr. Robert P. ElmerHOSE veteran archers who are supposedto be authorities on toxophilitic subjects

are continually asked the question, "Howcan one form an archery club?" Takingtheir experience as a guide, the answer tothis simple query may be outlined as fol-lows.The person who wishes to start the club is

usually one who, for some reason or other,has become an enthusiastic archer. In courseof time he tires of shooting alone and plansto create an organization, both for the pleasureof companionship and to promote his belovedsport.How shall he secure active members for it?This is the one great problem. Archery is asport in which it is so difficult to becomeproficient that, of those who essay a beginning 'only a small proportion persist until theyacquire enough skill to make shooting a realpleasure.


72/339

64 American Archery

It is well, therefore, for him to interest asmany beginners as he can and, to do this, noway is so effective as to fit them out and letthem shoot with equipment loaned for theoccasion. Some are sure to be fascinatedsufficiently to wish to continue and, with anucleus of three or four such neophytes, aclub may safely be started.

After thus securing the archers a permanentrange must be found. It may be on thegrounds of a country club, on the lawn of amember or in any available field. Of coursethe more agreeable the surroundings the easierit is to lengthen the roll of members. Prefer-ably the range should be at least 120 yardslong, so that the York Round may be shot,but, in many cases, it is not possible to getmore than the 80 yards required for theAmerican and National Rounds. Nearbythere should be a place where targets can bestored.Not more than two officers are necessary, a

President, who acts ex officio as Field Captain,and a Secretary-Treasurer.The actual shooting should follow the ruleslaid down in the Constitution of the NationalArchery Association, except that in small


73/339

How to Form an Archery Club 65matches several archers usually toe the linesimultaneously and use all six arrows atonce, instead of three, in order to savetime.Dues should be sufficient to provide for

the purchase of new targets each year, and topay for keeping up the range. Small entrancefees for stated matches and tournaments willfurnish money for prizes.To maintain interest there is nothing betterthan the holding of frequent matches betweenthe individuals of the club and, when possible,with teams from other clubs. The contestsfor individuals may be scratch events whenthe archers are fairly equal in skill but, as ageneral rule, more fun can be had by handi-capping each one according to his ability.Various methods of arranging handicaps arein use. Some clubs take as a basis the lastscore, some strike an average of three ormore recent performances and some handicapon the best mark the, archer has ever made.In the last case most of the cards handed inwill be minus, but the incentive to do one'sbest is constant and there is no chance for anindividual to win merely because he has hada recent slump.


74/339

66 American ArcheryOf course, as in any other undertaking,many problems of a local nature will arise

which must be decided by one's own judg-ment but, if the founder of the club will beguided by these hints and, more particularly,by the Constitution of the National ArcheryAssociation he will probably be able to starta successful and permanent organization.


75/339

Highest American Records 67

CHAPTER VIIHIGHEST OFFICIAL AMERICAN RECORDS

Made in Annual Tournaments of the NationalArchery AssociationBy Dr. Edward B. Weston

Single York Round Hits-Score116- 566. B. Richardson

Double York RoundH. B. Richardson 231-1111Single American RoundG. P. Bryant 90- 618

Double American RoundG. P. Bryant 177-1153

Men's Team RoundIndividualG. P. Bryant 92- 556Team of 4 MenChicago Archery Association,A. E. Spink 87- 461H. S. Taylor 89- 417W. H. Thompson 89- 413C. C. Beach 85- 389

Flight Shoot, MenL. W. Maxson

Single National RoundMrs. M. C. Howell

Double National RoundMrs. M. C. Howell

250-1680

290 yards68- 398

PlaceChicago

ChicagoBoston

Boston

Boston

Chicago

Date1910

1910

1912

1912

1912

1907

Natural Bridge, Va.

Dayton132- 756 Dayton

1891

1895

I89S


76/339

68 American ArcherySingle Columbia RoundMiss C. M. Wesson

Double Columbia RoundMiss Cynthia M. WessonWomen's Team RoundIndividualMrs. M. C. Howell

Team of 4 WomenWayne ArchersMiss WessonMrs. TroutMrs. DunlapMrs. Elmer

Flight Shoot, WomenMrs. G. P. Bryant

72- 510 Chicago

144- 998 Chicago

91- 507 Dayton

I9IS

1915

1893

295-1405 Haverford

25 1 yards T% foot Boston19141913


77/339

Best English Scores 69

CHAPTER VIIITHE BEST ENGLISH SCORESBy Dr. Edward B. Weston

SINCE the beginning of the five publicmeetings in England, in 1853, there havebeen made only 17 double York round scoresof over 1000, two of them being over nooand one over 1200. These three high scoreswere made by Ford, the only archer who hasmade in public a higher score than our HenryB. Richardson who, in 1910, scored 231-1111.The complete list follows:

Grand National Leamington1854 H. A. Ford 234-1074 1856 H. A. Ford 244-11621857 H. A. Ford 245-1 251 (World's 1857 H. A. Ford 230-10261858 H. A. Ford 214-1076 Record) 1858 H. A. Ford 230-11281867 H. A. Ford 215-1037 1861 H. A. Ford 212-1014

1868 H. A. Ford 219-10871869 H. A. Ford 220-1030

Great Western Southern Counties1870 C. H. Fisher 225-1033 1905 J. B. Keysworth 216-10161872 C. H. Fisher 218-10601886 C. E. Nesham 202-1022

"~~->Crystal Palace

1882 H. H. Palairet 221-10251893 F. A. Govett 214-10041901 C. E. Nesham 217-1027


78/339

70 American Archery

From 1883 to the present time the cham-pionship score at the Grand National hasbeen as high as 900 only five times, Mr. C. E.Nesham making four of the scores, one ofwhich, for 1886, is given above, and Mr.Fisher making the other.As is indicated by the above records, Mr.Ford was by far the best archer produced byEngland within historically authentic times.His private scores are far ahead of those madein the great public meetings and, up to thepresent time, have not been approacheddangerously near by anyone.His best single York round was shot with

a yew-backed yew and 55., 29 inch arrows.66-344 47-301 24-164 137-809

Second best;69-371 48-274 24-154 Hi-799

Although he does not specifically mentionthe weight of the bows used in these roundsit is elsewhere stated by him that he usuallyshot a 56 pound bow.His best double York round, shot privately,

(Butt's "Ford," p. 281), was:61-295 48-306 24-186 133- 78763-299 46-278 24-168 133- 745

266-1532


79/339

Best English Scores 71

According to Butt, the best marks he evermade at the three ranges are included in theabove scores, namely:

Gold Red Blue Black White12 17 19 14 710 19 15 2 210 13 i

141-863

After reading these wonderful scores itmay possibly be a comfort to young archersto learn that Mr. Ford's first appearance atthe Grand National he made a double Yorkround of 101-341.Other English archers who have made over

600 at the single York round are:Capt. A. P. Moore 133-691 Private practice.John Bramhall 125-675 25th November, 1851.G. E. S. Fryer 127-639 Practice at Royal Toxophilite

Society.C. E. Nesham 128-632 Private practice at Bournemouth.

14 May, 1883.E. A. Holmes 134-622 Private practice at Harrow. 1867.C. J. Perry-Keene 126-604 Private practice. 24 July, 1886.

In shooting the double national roundmany ladies have passed the 700 mark; butfew have made 800, as shown on the follow-ing page:


80/339

American ArcheryGrand National

1892 Miss Legh 140-8041894 Mrs. C. Bowley 133-8231898 Miss Legh1902 Miss Legh1903 Miss Legh1904 Miss Legh1905 Miss Legh1907 Miss Legh

143-825

137-813142-802143-841141-807143-809

Leamington1885 Mrs. Piers F. Legh 142-8641888 Miss Legh 141-8171895 Miss Legh (World's 142-866

Record)1900 Miss B. M. Legh 138-8241903 Miss Legh 140-8001906 Miss Legh 141-8031907 Miss Q. Newall 133-8011908 Miss Legh 138-808(The Leghs were three different

ladies.)Crystal Palace

1885 Miss Legh 143-8091890 Miss Legh 142-8621893 Mrs. C. Bowley 140-822

It would seem that, in comparing the skillof the past and present great archers, MissLegh should be ranked the equal of Mr. Ford.

1911 Miss Q. Newall 141-803

Grand Western1 88 1 Miss Legh 144-8401910 Miss Wadsworth 139-807


81/339

National Association Records 73

CHAPTER IXRECORDS OF THE NATIONAL ARCHERYASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES

By Dr. Edward B. WestonDOUBLE YORK ROUND

100 yards


82/339

74 American Archery

1902


83/339

Photo, by Paul ThompsonMiss CYNTHIA M. WESSON

Champion Woman Archer of the United States, 1915, 1916, 1917(No tournament held in 1917)


84/339


85/339

National Association Records 7560 yards


86/339

American ArcheryRANK OF THE WINNERS OF THE DOUBLE AMERICAN ROUND

Times


87/339

/ Pa?J ThompsonDr. ROBERT P. ELMER

Champion Archer of the United States, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917(No tournament held in 1917)


88/339


89/339

National Association Records 77TEAM ROUND Continued.

1885 Highland Archery Club, Wyoming, Ohio 327-15091886 Highland Archery Club, Wyoming, Ohio 285-12831887 Brooklyn Archery Club, Brooklyn, N. Y. 301-13491888 Highland Archery Club, Wyoming, Ohio 316-16361889 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 291-13671890 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 314-14861891 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 283-13071892 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 311-13671893 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 297-13831894 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. No other

team present.1895 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 286-12941896 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. 252-10861897 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. 297-13351898 Highland Archery Club, Wyoming, Ohio 284-13141899 Highland Archery Club, Wyoming, Ohio 275-11811900 Highland Archery Club, Wyoming, Ohio 306-13341901 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. 296-13141902 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. 287-13431903 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. 284-12421904 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. 300-13341905 Chicago Archery Club 309-13671906 Boston Archers 327-15911907 Chicago Archery Club 350-16801908 Chicago Archery Club 318-15321909 Boston Archers 300-14361910 Chicago Archery Club 330-15061911 Chicago Archery Club 318-15281912 Boston Archers 324-16181913 Boston Archers 328-15381914 Wayne Archers, Wayne, Pa. 320-15781915 Stopped by rain at the end of the first half, with the

Wayne Archers in the lead1916 Keystone Archers 342-1582


90/339

78 American Archery


91/339

National Association Records 79DOUBLE NATIONAL ROUND


92/339

8o American ArcheryDOUBLE COLUMBIA ROUND


93/339

National Association Records 81RANK OF THE WINNERS


94/339

82 American ArcheryTEAM CONTEST FOR WOMEN

(4 a side)72 arrows at 40 yards Hits-Score

a 1 882 College Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 182- 8741883 Highland Archers, Wyoming, Ohio 238-1076

96 arrows at 50 yards1884 No Contest1885 Highland Archers, Wyoming, Ohio 291-1321

a 1 886 Highland Archers, Wyoming, Ohio 167-7511887 Robin Hood Archery Club, Dayton, Ky. 279-12291888 Robin Hood Archery Club, Dayton, Ky. 263-11691889 Robin Hood Archery Club, Dayton, Ky. 222- 8761890 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 268-11921891 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 238-10701892 No Contest1893 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. No

other team present1894 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. No otherteam present1895 No Contest1896 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. 199- 8331897 Potomac Archers, Washington, D. C. 218-9321898 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 231-10331899 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. Noother team present1900 Walnut Hills Archery Club, Cincinnati, Ohio 216- 9381901 Highland Archers, Wyoming, Ohio 196- 8641902 No Contest1903 Cincinnati Archery Association 285-13071904 Cincinnati Archery Association 260-11441905 Chicago Archery Club 162- 6161906 Boston Archers 172- 6881907 Chicago Archery Club 225- 8191908 Chicago Archery Club 147- 5131909 Chicago Archery Club 277-12951910 Chicago Archery Club 315-iS 1 ?1911 Chicago Archery Club 201-8611912 Boston Archers 248-10781913 Newton Archers, Newton Centre, Mass. 231-10831914 Wayne Archers, Wayne, Pa. 295-i451915 No- Contest1916 Wayne Archers, Wayne, Pa. 250-1088

(a) 3 a side.


95/339

National Association Records 83FLIGHT SHOOT FOR WOMEN


96/339

84 American ArcheryThe following tables show the places where

the Annual Tournaments of the NationalArchery Association have been held and thenumber of contestants in each.

Men Women Total1879 Chicago 69 20 891880 Buffalo, N. Y. 35 n 461 88 1 Brooklyn, N. Y. 57 19 761882 Chicago 31 13 441883 Cincinnati 42 27 691884 Pullman, 111. 15 I 161885 Eaton, Ohio 22 17 391886 Chautauqua, N. Y. n 12 231887 Washington, D. C. 28 18 461888 Dayton, Ohio 35 21 561889 Dayton, Ohio 27 24 511890 Norwood, Ohio 23 15 381891 Natural Bridge, Va. 16 12 281892 Fortress Monroe, Va. 18 5 231893 Dayton, Ohio 24 8 321894 Washington, D. C. II 7 181895 Dayton, Ohio 20 4 241896 White Sulphur Springs, Va. 6 5 n1897 Washington, D. C 6 5 n1898 Wyoming, Ohio 13 6 191899 Norwood, Ohio 10 6 161900 Cincinnati 13 6 191901 Cincinnati 14 7 211902 Mountain Lake Park, Md. 13 5 181903 Niagara Falls, N. Y. 15 6 211904 St. Louis 22 6 281905 Chicago 34 7 4i1906 Boston 14 5 *91907 Chicago 26 10 361908 Chicago 25 331909 Chicago 20 16 361910 Chicago 23 16 391911 Chicago 17 IS 321912 Boston 19 12 311913 Boston 25 10 351914 Haverford, Pa. 34 18 5*1915 Chicago 19 8 271916 Jersey City, N. J. 18 9 27


97/339

$8t hAnnual Tournament 85

CHAPTER XREPORT OF THE 38 ANNUAL TOURNAMENTOF THE NATIONAL ARCHERY ASSOCIATION,HELD AT HUDSON COUNTY PARK,

JERSEY CITY, N. J. ON AUGUST22, 23, 24 AND 25TH, 1916

By James DuffFOR the first time in a period of 30 yearsthe above Association wandered from thebeaten track, and honored the famous ScottishArchers of Jersey City with the housing ofthe national event. The care of the Tourna-ment was placed in the hands of a capableExecutive Committee, with James Duff asPresident, and Robert McNeil as Secretary,and all who participated in that year'sgathering declare that there was little roomfor improvement. The care of the archersthemselves was ideal, the weather almostperfection, and the fine grounds, granted bythe Hudson County Park Commissioners,everything that the most particular archercould demand.


98/339

86 American ArcheryNaturally where a scare-heading of Infantile

Paralysis, was staring one in the face it wasnot to be expected that any record breakingattendance was to be looked for, but despitethat great drawback, over 30 shooters tookpart in the Tournament, and during theweek produced something more than ordinaryarchery. The shooting was of a very highorder.On Monday evening a deputation of the

Jersey Club, paid a visit to the FairmountHotel, and there received the visiting archerswho had already arrived. On Tuesday even-ing the members of the National ArcheryAssociation were received by invitation atthe head quarters of Clan McLeod O. S. C.of whom President Duff is the Chief; andthere spent a happy evening in forgettingpoints of aims, targets, etc., until the clockreminded them that even the tireless archerrequires a little sleep if he desires to makeany show. Speeches were plentiful if shortand sweet, and a social hour of song madeall feel as though the visit to Jersey Citywas well repaid.The annual business meeting was held atthe same place as the archers had selected


99/339


100/339


101/339

$8th Annual Tournament 87for headquarters, and this year it was greatlyto the credit of the ladies that they turnedout in goodly numbers, and took an activepart in the business of the Association.Among the principal items of business broughtup for discussion was the publication of acomplete book on archery by the Associationmembers, and as this work is well advanced,and will not deal in the ancient fiction of thesport but will be a book of record and in-formation to the beginner as well as the manwho knows it all, there should be quite ademand for the work.A fitting wind up to a glorious week ofpleasure was the banquet at FairmountHotel, J. C. on Friday evening. Somethingof an innovation was observed when headedby a piper, some forty fully Highland dressedScots made their entry into the dining hall,in honor of the trust the Association hadplaced in their fellow members. The eveningwas spent in distribution of prizes, speechesshort and snappy and some songs renderedby the high talented artists, the HamiltonBrothers. All was so harmonious that everyone felt that it was too bad when the Presidentcalled for a last standing hand clasp and a


102/339

American Archeryverse of Auld Lang Syne. It is hoped that thewishes of the local club will not be forgotten,when we all sing "Will Ye No Come BackAgain."The following are records of the week'swork at the range and the winners.

Dr. R. P. ElmerWayne, Pa.

James S. JilesPittsburgh

Homer S. TaylorGreenfield, Mass.

Dr. O. L. HertigPittsburgh

C. E. Dallin

DOUBLE YORK ROUND100 yards 80 yards 60 yards49-207 39-187 23-13941-183 35-177 23-127

Total Goldsin- 533 1399- 487 8

90-390 74-364 46-266 2 10- I02O 2132-114 28-132 2O- 9232-I6O 36-162 24-144

80- 338 392- 466 12

64-274 64-294 44-236 172- 804 1537-155 31-139 20-10438-150 33-131 22- 98

88- 398 1393- 379 8

75-305 64-270 42-202 i 8 i- 777 2130-116 32-132 23-1132I-I2I 33-147 18- 88

84- 361 872- 356 6

51-237 65-279 41-201 157- 71730-108 28-144 20-104 78- 356 7

82- 352 8rlington Heights, Mass. 26- 92 33-149 23-11156-200 61-293 43-215 I60- 708 15

G. Phillips Bryant 27- 95 30-132 18- 92 75- 319 4Melrose, Mass. 29-105 38-188 21- 99 88- 392 7

56-200 68-320 39-191 163- 711 ii


103/339

38th Annual Tournament 89100 yards


104/339

American Archery60 yards

James S. Jiles 28-160Pittsburgh 26-150


105/339

38th Annual Tournament

Dr. H. G. GoldbergPhiladelphia


106/339

92 American ArcheryCHAMPIONSHIP SCORES

According to the Constitution the cham-pionship shall be determined by adding to-gether the hits and scores of the DoubleAmerican and Double York Rounds. Figur-ing on this basis we have the following results:

i. Elmer


107/339

Annual Tournament 93I9i6 JERSEY CITY, N. J.

MEN'S TEAM ROUND SCORES


108/339

94 American ArcheryDOUBLE NATIONAL ROUND


109/339

38th Annual Tournament 95DOUBLE COLUMBIA ROUND


110/339

American ArcheryCHAMPIONSHIP SCORES

I.


111/339

Annual Tournament 97

The Women's Handicap Contests wereshot out in full, as separate events.Winner of Handicap National, Miss Dessau.Made 188, given 152, total 340.Winner of Handicap Columbia, Mrs. Wes-

son. Made 197, given 286, total 483.1916 JERSEY CITY, N. J.

CLAN McLEOD No. 70 O.S.C. NOVELTYCOMPETITION CUP

The competition for this trophy presentedby the Jersey City Branch of the Order ofScottish Clans took place on Friday after-noon. The Novelty Competition took theform of a duck shoot. The figure of a duckpainted black, with eye and breast paintedwhite, was placed on the target in suchmanner as to cover the gold. Forty-eightarrows were shot at forty yards and an eyecounted 3, a breast 2 and any other part ofthe body I. Hits were added to score in finalcomputation. The contest resulted in a tie of28 each between Mr. Leport and Mr. Duff. Sixadditional rounds of 6 arrows each were shotwithout a decision. In the seventh round, thehits nearest to the duck were counted andMr. Duff was declared victor by one hit.


112/339

American Archery1916 JERSEY


113/339

38th Annual Tournament 99Combined scores in Double American andDouble York Rounds, for men, and Double

Columbia and Double National for women.Archer showing greatest improvement overhis or her last tournament score wins. Noscore more than ten years old to be con-sidered.

Jiles cup, won by J. S. Jiles.1916 JERSEY CITY, N. J.

WOMENChristian Science Monitor Shield for the

most hits in the Double National and DoubleColumbia Rounds. At the end of five years,from 1912, to become the property of thehighest of five winners.1912 Boston, won by Mrs. Witwer Taylor, Chicago 243 hits1913 Boston, won by Mrs. P. S. Fletcher, Chicago 207 "1914 Haverford, won by Mrs. B. P. Gray, Boston 270 "1915 Chicago, won by Miss C. M. Wesson, Bryn Mawr 274 "1916 Jersey City, won by Miss C. M. Wesson, Bryn Mawr 262 "Awarded to Miss Wesson on score made at

Chicago in 1915.


114/339

ioo American ArcheryDr. Robert P. Elmer.Champion Archer of the United States.Awarded Dallin Medal in gold.York Round Medal.

American Round Medal." Maurice Thompson Medal.Potomac Medal.Chicago Cup.

Having won the Chicago Cup for the thirdtime it became the permanent property ofDr. Elmer.

James S. Jiles.Second in Championship Contest.Awarded Dallin Medal in silver.

80 yards range medal.Jiles Cup.

As Captain of the Keystone Archers, Mr.Jiles was made custodian of the PearsallBugle.Homer S. Taylor.Third in Championship Contest.Awarded Dallin medal in bronze." ioo yards range medal." Spalding medal.


115/339

38th Annual Tournament' 161

James Duff.Awarded 50 yards range medal. Medalmissing since 1914 and not presented.Awarded Clan McLeod Cup, for the DuckShoot.

Dr. Hertig.Awarded 60 yards range medal.G. P. Bryant.Awarded 40 yards range medal.

Ovington Beaker.F. E. Leport.Awarded Duff Gold Medal for highest scorein the Team Shoot made by an archerwho was not a member of a team.

John MacRae.Awarded the Duff Arrow.

S. G. McMeen.Awarded the Elmer Wooden Spoon.

Miss Cynthia M. Wesson.Champion Woman Archer of the UnitedStates.Awarded Dallin Medal in gold.

National Round Medal.Columbia Round Medal." Weston Trophy.


116/339

102 American ArcheryMade custodian of the Peacock Cup which

was won by the Wayne Archers.Awarded the Christian Science MonitorShield to keep.

Miss Norma Pierce.Second in Women's Championship Contest.Awarded Dallin Medal in silver." 60 yards range medal.

Mrs. John Dunlap, Jr.Third in Women's Championship Contest.Awarded Dallin Medal in bronze.

40 yards range medal.Miss F. M. Dessau.Awarded 50 yards range medal.

Maid Marian Arrow.Beach Brooch, by virtue of beingthe youngest woman present.Dr. Marguerite Cocket.Awarded the 30 yard range medal.


117/339

T

Eastern Archery Association 103

CHAPTER XITHE EASTERN ARCHERY ASSOCIATION

By Dr. Robert P. ElmerHE Eastern Archery Association wasformed in 1879, the same year as the

National Archery Association, for the purpose,stated in its constitution, of associating underone general management and head, the vari-ous archery socie

Documents

American Archery