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American Becomes anAmerican Becomes an

Industrial GiantIndustrial Giant

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IndustryIndustry 

Manufacturing- makingManufacturing- makingthings, was mostly donethings, was mostly done

in the northeast in thein the northeast in the1800’s.1800’s.

Because of railroads,Because of railroads,manufacturing spreadmanufacturing spread

across the country.across the country.

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IndustryIndustry

Americans began miningAmericans began miningand discovering resourcesand discovering resources

such as oil (petroleum)such as oil (petroleum)coal, iron and lumber.coal, iron and lumber.

Entrepreneurs- People whoEntrepreneurs- People whoorganize business, like Jayorganize business, like Jay

Z, Bill Gates, Rockefeller,Z, Bill Gates, Rockefeller,

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SteelSteel

Building block for manyBuilding block for many

new building structures,new building structures,

bridges, buildings and manbridges, buildings and manothers.others.

Came from iron.Came from iron.William Kelly and HenryWilliam Kelly and Henry

Bessemer found a way toBessemer found a way to

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Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

Bought steelBought steel

companies(Carnegie Steelcompanies(Carnegie Steel

Bought iron minesBought iron mines

Bought the transportationBought the transportation

of steel and ironof steel and ironControlled the wholeControlled the whole

aspect of steel and iron inaspect of steel and iron in

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Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

Scottish immigrantScottish immigrant

Saw bridges being madeSaw bridges being made

from wood, thought therefrom wood, thought there

was a better way to do it.was a better way to do it.

Began using steel to buildBegan using steel to buildbridges.bridges.

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Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

Because Carnegie controlledBecause Carnegie controlled

all parts of the business heall parts of the business he

had a monopoly. Which madehad a monopoly. Which madehim lots of $$$him lots of $$$

Was a philanthropist, donatedWas a philanthropist, donated

money to schools, libraries,money to schools, libraries,

colleges, the poor. Manycolleges, the poor. Many

streets, schools and bridgesstreets, schools and bridges

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Steel become verySteel become very

importantimportant 

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Steel become verySteel become very

importantimportantSteel builtSteel built

longestlongest

suspensionsuspensionbridge inbridge in

18831883

BrooklynBrooklynBridgeBridge

Steel builtSteel built

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Steel become verySteel become very

importantimportantSteel was cheap andSteel was cheap andeasy to produce ineasy to produce in

factories.factories.Steel workers workedSteel workers worked

very hard in horriblevery hard in horribleworking conditions.working conditions.

Used to make nails andUsed to make nails and

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Steel become verySteel become very

importantimportantCarnegie gave away moreCarnegie gave away more

than 350 million in histhan 350 million in his

lifetime.lifetime.

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Discussion questionsDiscussion questions

Why would making steelWhy would making steelhelp make America ahelp make America a

strong country?strong country?How did Carnegie have aHow did Carnegie have a

monopoly of steel?monopoly of steel?What has happened toWhat has happened to

steel factories today?steel factories today?

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Rockefeller and OilRockefeller and Oil

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OilOil

11stst American oil well dugAmerican oil well dug

by Edwin Drake inby Edwin Drake in

Pennsylvania in 1859Pennsylvania in 1859At first oil was thought toAt first oil was thought to

be uselessbe uselessCalled black gold. Why?Called black gold. Why?

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OilOil 

Oil was sent to refineriesOil was sent to refineries toto

made into differentmade into different

material like gasolinematerial like gasoline  

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RockefellerRockefeller

 John D Rockefeller was John D Rockefeller was

born in New York, laterborn in New York, later

lived in Cleveland.lived in Cleveland.Did think money could beDid think money could be

made from drilling oil, butmade from drilling oil, butrefining it.refining it.

Started Stand Oil CompanyStarted Stand Oil Company

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RockefellerRockefeller

Standard Oil become veryStandard Oil become very

powerful.powerful.

Controlled the productionControlled the production

and price of oil throughoutand price of oil throughout

the country.the country.Oil was refined mostly intoOil was refined mostly into

kerosenekerosene

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OilOil

 The invention of the car The invention of the car

made a market for gas.made a market for gas.

We get gas from oil.We get gas from oil.

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Business ChangesBusiness Changes

Businesses grew large intoBusinesses grew large into

corporations. Controlled bycorporations. Controlled by

shareholders.shareholders.Many common people feltMany common people felt

monopolies and largemonopolies and largecorporations were unfair tocorporations were unfair to

small businesses.small businesses.

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MonopolyMonopoly

Rockefeller and StandardRockefeller and Standard

Oil had a monopoly on theOil had a monopoly on the

Oil marketOil market..

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MonopolyMonopoly

Eliminated competition.Eliminated competition.

Competition is/was goodCompetition is/was good

for us consumers. Keepsfor us consumers. Keeps

prices in lineprices in line

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CorporationsCorporations

important to businessimportant to businessSafe form of business,Safe form of business,

limited liability.limited liability.

Capitol- Money used to buyCapitol- Money used to buy

investments.investments.

Corporations sell stocks toCorporations sell stocks topeoplepeople

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BIG BUSINESSBIG BUSINESS

Vertical combination-Vertical combination-

owning all parts of aowning all parts of a

business frombusiness fromtransportation, mining, andtransportation, mining, and

production. Carnegie Steelproduction. Carnegie Steel

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BIG BUSINESSBIG BUSINESS

Horizontal combination-Horizontal combination-

Buy out other smallerBuy out other smaller

companies that competecompanies that competeagainst you. Rockefeller’sagainst you. Rockefeller’s

Standard Oil.Standard Oil.Both Standard oil andBoth Standard oil and

Carnegie were monopoliesCarnegie were monopolies

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Other monopoliesOther monopolies

 The sugar, railroad, The sugar, railroad,

tobacco industries all weretobacco industries all were

monopolies at one timemonopolies at one time

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

What was oil refined intoWhat was oil refined into

early on?early on? 

How were monopolies badHow were monopolies bad

for business?for business?

What are horizontal andWhat are horizontal andvertical combinations?vertical combinations?

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OTHER MAJOR USOTHER MAJOR US

INDUSTRIESINDUSTRIES The advancement of  The advancement of 

railroads brought aboutrailroads brought about

advancement of meatadvancement of meatpackingpacking

Refrigeration cars are builtRefrigeration cars are builtin the 1890’sin the 1890’s

Meat would be transportedMeat would be transported

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Railroad OwnersRailroad Owners

Cornelius Vanderbilt builtCornelius Vanderbilt built

America’s first greatAmerica’s first great

railroad system New Yorkrailroad system New YorkCentral.Central.

Vanderbilt was the first toVanderbilt was the first touse steel tracks and steeluse steel tracks and steel

bridgesbridges

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Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

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Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

America’s greatestAmerica’s greatest

inventor was Thomasinventor was Thomas

EdisonEdisonEdison was born in OhioEdison was born in Ohio

Edison was called “WizardEdison was called “Wizardof Menlo Park” in Newof Menlo Park” in New

JerseyJersey

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Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

Invented the phonographInvented the phonograph

early record playerearly record player

Invented early movieInvented early movieprojectorprojector

Added sound to moviesAdded sound to movieswith phonographwith phonograph

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Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephoneInvented the telephone

Helped AmericaHelped America

communicate quicker andcommunicate quicker andeasiereasier

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Other Inventions andOther Inventions and

ImprovementsImprovements

Camera- Improved by KodakCamera- Improved by Kodak

Elevator- Elisha Otis Otis’Elevator- Elisha Otis Otis’

elevator made skyscraperselevator made skyscraperspossible to buildpossible to build

Assembly Line- Henry Ford.Assembly Line- Henry Ford. The assembly line made cars The assembly line made cars

more affordable. Alsomore affordable. Also

invented gas enginesinvented gas engines

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Other Inventions andOther Inventions and

ImprovementsImprovements

With each new invention, aWith each new invention, a

new industry was created.new industry was created.

With each industry moreWith each industry more jobs would be added to the jobs would be added to the

countrycountry

I i f h 1800’I ti f th 1800’

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Inventions of the 1800’sInventions of the 1800’s

& 1900’s& 1900’s http://www.ideafinder.com/history/tihttp://www.ideafinder.com/history/ti

http://www.ideafinder.com/history/quihttp://www.ideafinder.com/history/qui

n us r an us r a

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n us r an us r aDevelopment and theDevelopment and the

EnvironmentEnvironment The air from factories The air from factories

would be full of pollutionwould be full of pollution

Pollution also was seen inPollution also was seen inthe water toothe water too

 Teddy Roosevelt opens Teddy Roosevelt opensfirst national park-first national park-

Yosemite in 1892Yosemite in 1892

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PollutionPollution

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

Besides steel and oil, whatBesides steel and oil, what

other new industries wereother new industries were

developeddevelopedWhat were some of What were some of 

Edison’s inventionsEdison’s inventionsBesides Edison’sBesides Edison’s

inventions name someinventions name some

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

How did Ford make cars moreHow did Ford make cars more

cheap to buycheap to buy

How did new inventionsHow did new inventionsdevelop new jobsdevelop new jobs

What effects did IndustryWhat effects did Industry(factories) have on the(factories) have on the

environmentenvironment