T H E

N I N E T Y - S E V E N T H

A N N U A L REPORT

OF THE

American Board o f Commissioners for Foreign Missions

PRESENTED AT THE

M E E T I N G H E L D A T C L E V E L A N D , O H I O

O c t o b e r 9- 11 , 1907

P U B L I S H E D B Y T H E B O A R D

C o n g r e g a t i o n a l H o u s e

B O ST O N

Hriitteb bp

THOM AS TODD 14 b e a c o n s t r e e t

BOSTON

B-'AX

CONTENTS

M i n u t e s o f t h e A n n u a l M e e t i n g . . .

Corporate Members P resen t.........................Male Honorary Members Reported as PresentMissionaries Present ....................................Organization........................................... .Committees Appointed....................................Resolutions.......................................................New Members..................................................Annual S erm on...............................................Place and Preacher for Next Meeting . . .By-Laws Amended...........................................Election of Officers................................Letters of E xcu se ...........................................Reports of Committees at the Annual MeetingReport on the Home Department..................Report on the Foreign Department..............On the Treasurer’s R e p o r t .............................

R E P O R T O F P R U D E N T I A L C O M M I T T E E

H om e D epartm ent

The Year's Problems.......................................Finances ..........................................................Appointment of Missionaries . . . . . . . .

Movements of Missionaries.............................Publications...............................................Young People’s Departm ent.........................Auxiliary S o c ie t ie s ........................................N ecrology.........................................................Prospects .........................................................The Middle District (Dr. Creegan’s Report) . The Interior District (Dr. Hitchcock’s Report) Pacific Coast District (Mr. Tenney’s Report)

P a g e

The Missions

West Central African Mission......................... 25South African Mission (Rhodesian Branch) 29South African Mission (Zulu Branch) . . 32European Turkey M iss io n ........................ ... . 43Western Turkey Mission................................ 53Central Turkey M iss io n ................................ 63Eastern Turkey M ission ........................ . . 73Marathi Mission............................................... 81Madura M ission......................... . 93Ceylon M iss ion ............................................... 100Foochow M iss ion ........................................... 107South China Mission..................... . . . . 114North China Mission . . . . . . . . . lit!Shansi Mission . . . . 128Japan Mission . . . 131Micronesian Mission . . . 147Mission to the Philippines..........................* . 154Mexican M is s io n ........................................... 155Spanish M ission............................................... 161Austrian Mission............................................... 164

Tabular View o f the Missions o j the A . B .C, F . M . f o r the y ea r 19 0 6 -1 9 0 7 ............... 168

T reasurer's Report f o r the y ea r ending A u ­gust 3 1 , 19 0 7 .................................................. 169

Pecuniary A c c o u n t s ....................................... 173Sum m ary o f Donations . . .............. 170Receipts o f the B oa rd . . . . . 183Places o f M eeting a n d P r e a c h er s .................. 184Missiottaries o f the B o a r d ............................. 186Corporate Members o f the B o a r d .................. 191Corporate Members Deceased or R e sig n e d . 195Officers o f the B o a r d ....................................... ltii;H onorary M e m b e r s ....................... . . . l!^

P a g e

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Minutes o f the Annual MeetingW E D N E S D A Y , 9 A .M .

T h e A m erican B oard of Com m issioners for F oreign M issions com m enced its

N inety-eighth A n nu al M eeting in the P ilgrim C ongregational Church, Cleveland,

Ohio, W ednesday, O cto ber 9 , 1907, at 9 a .m .

C O R P O R A T E M EM B ER S P R E S E N T

M aine

John M. Gould, Portland.

N ew H am pshire

Rev. Edward C. Ewing, Newcastle.Rev. George E. Hall, Dover.

Vermont

Rev. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury.

Charles \V. Osgood, Bellows Falls.Gilbert M. Sykes, Dorset.Rev. Lucius F. Reed, Montpelier.

Rev. Harry R. Miles, Brattleboro.

Rev. Charles H. Dickinson, Middlebury.

M as sack u setts

A. Lyman Williston, Northampton.

Rev. Elnathan E. Strong, Aubumdale. Samuel B. Capen, Boston.

G. Henry Whitcomb, Worcester.

Rev. Francis E. Clark, Aubumdale.Rev. Albert E. Dunning, Brookline.Rev. John R. Thurston, Whitinsville.

Rev. William W . Jordan, Clinton.

Rev. Charles H. Daniels, South Framingham.

Rev. James L. Barton, Newton Center.

Rev. D eW itt S. Clark, Salem.Charles A. Hopkins, Brookline.Frank H. Wiggin, Boston.

Henry E. Cobb, Newton.

Rev. Asher Anderson, Boston.Rev. Frank L. Goodspeed, Springfield.

Thomas Todd, Concord.

Rev. Edward C. Moore, Cambridge.Rev. Franke A . Warfield, Milford.Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, Newton.Rev. Philip S. Moxom, Springfield.Frank Wood, Boston.

H erbert A . Wilder, N ew ton.

Francis O. Winslow, Norwood.Rev. John H. Denison, Boston.

Rev. William E. Strong, Newtonville.Francis A . Rugg, Greenfield.

Rhode Island

Rev. James H. Lyon, Central Falls.Herbert J. W ells, Kingston.

Connecticut

Rev. Edward N. Packard, Stratford.Rev. Azel W . Hazen, Middletown.

John H. Perry, Southport.

Rev. William W . McLane, New Haven.

Rev. John DePeu, Bridgeport.Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, Hartford.

George B. Burrall, Lakeville.

Rev. Arthur W . Ackerman, Torringtoa Rev. Frank S. Child, Fairfield.David N. Camp, New Britain.

Rev. William H. Holman, Southport.

Rev. Henry C. Woodruff, Bridgeport.Rev. Williston W alker, New Haven.Rev. Ambrose W . Vernon, New Haven.

N ew York

Rev. Henry A. Stimson, Newr Y ork City.

Chester Holcombe, Rochester.

Rev. Charles C. Creegan, New' Y ork City. Rev. William A. Robinson, Syracuse.

Rev. Franklin S. Fitch, Buffalo.

Charles A. Hull, Brooklyn.

Rev. Albert J. Lyman, Brooklyn.

Rev. Charles H. Richards, New York City. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Brooklyn.

Lucien C. Warner, New Y ork City.

J. J. McWilliams, Buffalo.

Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York City. Guilford Dudley, Poughkeepsie.

Rev. Homer T . Fuller, Fredonia.Rev. Elliott C . Hall, Jamestown.H . B. Olmstead, Walton.

William H. Crosby, Buffalo.

N ew Jersey

Rev. Amory H. Bradford, Montclair.

Rev. William Hayes W ard, Newark.

Pennsylvania

Rev. Thomas C. Edwards, Kingston.v

vi Minutes o f the Annual Meeting

Ohio

Rev. William E. Park, Oberlin.

Rev. Washington Gladden, Columbus.

W alter A. Mahony, Columbus.Rev. Caspar W . Hiatt, Cleveland.

Rev. Dan F. Bradley, Cleveland.Rev. Henry M. Tenney, Oberlin.

Lucius F. Mellen, Cleveland.

Rev. Arthur H. Pearson, Oberlin. William W . Mills, Marietta.Pres. Henry C. King, Oberlin.

Rev. John R. Nichols, Marietta.Rev. John W. Bradshaw, Oberlin.

Rev. Irving W . Metcalf, Oberlin.

Rev. Thomas D. Phillips, Chardon.W. I. Chamberlain, Hudson.

Rev. Edward I. Bosworth, Oberlin. John G. Jennings, Cleveland.

Edward H. Rhoades, Toledo.Uriah S. Shelly, Ashland.

Tennessee

Rev. James G. Merrill, Nashville.

Illinois

Rev. Edward M. Williams, Chicago. Rev. E. F. Williams, Chicago.Rev. William A. Waterman, Elgin. Rev. Julian M. Sturtevant, Chicago. Edward H. Pitkin, Oak Park.Rev. A . N. Hitchcock, Chicago.

Rev. Sydney Strong, Oak Park.

H. T. Lay, Kewanee.

David Fales, Lake Forest.

Rev. Frank N. W hite, Chicago.

Pres. Thomas McClelland, Galesburg. Rev. William E. Barton, Oak Park. Thomas C. MacMillan, Chicago.

Rev. Charles L. Morgan, Elgin.Frank Kimball, Oak Park.

Rev. John C. Myers, Gridley.

M ichigan

Pres. James B. Angell, Ann Arbor. Rev. William H . Warren, Lansing.

Frank D . Taylor, Detroit.

Rev. Archibald Hadden, Muskegon. George N. Stray, Ludington.

C. B. Stowell, Hudson.

• Wisconsin

Rev. George R. Leavitt, Beloit.

Pres. Edward D. Eaton, Beloit.Rev. Alexander R. Thain, Wauwatosa. John M. Whitehead, Janesville.

Rev. Eugene G. Updike, Madison.

Orrin H. Ingram, Eau Claire.

C. S. Kitchell, Milwaukee.

Minnesota

Rev. James W . Strong, Northfield.Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock, Minneapolis.

Rev. George R. Merrill, Minneapolis. William H. Laird, Winona.

Miss Margaret J. Evans, Northfield.

Pres. Cyrus Northrop, Minneapolis.Lowell E. Jepson, Minneapolis.

David Percy Jones, Minneapolis.Frederick W. Lyman, Minneapolis

George E. Perley, Moorhead.

Iowa

Nathan P. Dodge, Council Bluffs.Rev. Alvah L. Frisbie, Des Moines,Rev. J. E. Snowden, Cedar Falls.

L. A. McMurray, W ebster City.W . B. Whiting, Whiting.

Rev. W esley E. Bovey, Traer.

Rev. William L. Bray, Sheldon.

M issouri

Augustus W. Benedict, St. Louis.Rev. Charles S. Mills, St. Louis.

North Dakota

Rev. George B. Denison, Cando.

Nebi'aska

Rev. John E. Tuttle, Lincoln.

Colorado

Rev. Frank T. Bayley, Denver.

Washington

Pres. Stephen B. L. Penrose, W alla W alla Rev. Edward L. Smith, Seattle.Rev. Francis J. Van Horn, Seattle.

California

Rev. Warren F. Day, Los Angeles.

Hawaiian Islands

Peter C. Jones, Honolulu.

M A L E H O N O R A R Y M EM B ER S P R E S E N T

M aine

Rev. Calvin M. Clark, Bangor.

N ew Ham pshire

Rev. W illis A. Hadley, Keene.

Rev. M. D. Bisbee, Hanover.

Alinutes o f the Annua/ Meeting v i i

Vermont

Rev. Isaac Jennings, Bennington.Kev. D. Miner Rogers, East Dorset.Rev. Rufus C. Flagg, Newport.

M as sack usetts

Rev. L. P. Broad, Boston.

James H. Barton, Springfield.Rev. Charles S. Holton, Newburyport.

Rev. George P. Merrill, Newburyport. Rev. Samuel H. Lee, Springfield.Rev. Arthur J. Covell, Lynn.Dea. John L. Kilbon, Lee.

Rev. Preston R. Crowell, Petersham.Rev. George W . Andrews, Dalton.W. W . Curtis, W est Stockbridge.

Rhode Islan d

Rev. James E. McConnell, Providence.

Connecticut

F. C. Sherman, New Haven.

Rev. Newell M. Calhoun, Winsted.Rev. Ozora S. Davis, New Britain.Rev. H. E. Peabody, Hartford.Rev. Joel S. Ives, Hartford.

Rev. Enoch H. Burt, Ivoryton.Rev. Henry A. Blake, Stafford Springs. Rev. H. G. Barnard, Tolland.Rev. George F. Waters, Woodstock.

Rev. John Hutchins, Litchfield.Rev. W. D. Hart, Wilton.

Rev. Frank A. Johnson, New Milford. Henry B. W ilcox, Bristol.

N ew York

Rev. A. M. Wright, Ogdensburg.Rev. William A. Trow, Sherburne.

Kev. Duncan MacGregor, Antwerp.

Rtv. Jesse B. Felt, Pulaski.H. W. Hubbard, New York City.

F. W. Spaulding, m .d ., Clifton Springs. Kev. Newton W. Bates, W est Bloomfield.

N ew Jersey

Kev. George P. Eastman, Orange.

N orth Carolina

Rev. M. L. Baldwin, Greensboro.

Ohio

Wilmot V . Metcalf, Oberlin.Rev. C. W . Riggs, Oberlin.

Rev. Frank E. Kenyon, Wauseon.Rev. E. A . King, Sandusky.

Louis J. Luethi, Cleveland.

Rev. William H. Woodwing, Columbus. Rev. J. P. Riedinger, W est Park.

Rev. Jeremiah Cromer, Wellington.Rev. Dwight M. Pratt, Cincinnati.

Rev. William E. Cadmus, Elyria.Rev. Harry D. Sheldon, Lorain.

Rev. Charles E. Hitchcock, Claridon. Rev. T. Calvin Treat, Burton.

Rev. Charles J. Dole, Springfield.Rev. Edward A. Zeeper, Dover.

Illinois

E. A. Redington, Evanston.

Rev. G. T. McCollum, Marseilles.Rev. John B. Fairbanks, Jacksonville. Rev. Quincy L. Dowd, Roscoe.

Kentucky

Rev. M. K. Pasco, Berea.

Wisconsin

Rev. H. A. Miner, Madison.

Iowa

Rev. J. E. Brereton, Waverly.

M issouri

Rev. H. F. Swartz, W ebster Groves.

Rev. Joseph B. Kettle, St. Joseph.Rev. Cyrus F. Stimson, Kansas City.

Kansas

Rev. James G. Doughertv Kansas City.H. D. Gray, Topeka.

Nebraska

Rev. J. D. Stewart, Aurora.

Rev. George W . Mitchell, Chadron.Rev. Charles H. Rogers, Lincoln.

N orth Dakota

Rev. E. Ellsworth Smith, Glen Ullin. Rev. J. C. Watt, Maxbass.

South Dakota

Rev. W . H. Thrall, Huron.

California

Rev. William Davies, Los Angeles.

Rev. Clifford N. Hand, Los Angeles.

G. E. Soper, Pomona.Rev. J. H. Harwood, Paradise.

Washington

Rev. Samuel Greene, Seattle.

V i l i Minutes o f the Annual Mating

M IS S IO N A R IE S P R E S E N T

*R ev. William E. Fay, W est Central Africa. *R ev. T. W. Woodside, W est Central Africa.

Mrs. T . W. Woodside, W est Central Africa.

M iss Emma C. Redick, W est Central Africa. M iss E. C. Clarke, European Turkey.

*R ev. H. S. Barnum, Western Turkey. *R ev. E. C. Partridge, Western Turkey.

Mrs. E. C. Partridge, Western Turkey.

Miss M. I. Ward, Western Turkey.

*D . M. B. Thom, m .d ., Eastern Turkey.Mrs. D. M. B. Thom, Eastern Turkey.

*R ev. T. D. Christie, Central Turkey.

*R ev. R. M. Cole, Eastern Turkey.

Mrs. R. M. Cole, Eastern Turkey.Miss M. M. Foote, Eastern Turkey.

*Rev. R. S. Stapleton, Eastern Turkey.M rs. R. S. Stapleton, Eastern Turkey.

*R ev . J. S. Chandler, Madura.

Mrs. J. S. Chandler, Madura.'Frank Van Allen, m .d ., Madura.Mrs. Frank Van Allen, Madura.

^Rev. F. E. Jeffery, Madura.

Mrs. F. E. Jeffery, Madura.Rev. J. J. Banninga, Madura.

Mrs. J. J. Banninga, Madura.

M iss Helen E. Chandler, Madura.

*Rev. G. G. Brown, Ceylon.Mrs. W. S. Ament, China.Mrs. C. A. Nelson, China.

Miss Martha Wiley, China.*Rev. G. W. Hinman, China.

Miss Gertrude W yckoff, China.

Mrs. Alice M. Williams, China.*J. H. DeForest, D.D ., Japan.

Mrs. E. S. DeForest, Japan.^Wallace Taylor, m .d ., Japan.

Mrs. Wallace Taylor, Japan.

*Rev. Hilton Pedley, Japan.

Mrs. Hilton Pedley, Japan.

Rev. H. B. Newell, Japan.Mrs. H. B. Newell, Japan.Miss A. H. Bradshaw, Japan.Mrs. Cyrus A. Clark, Japan.

*Rev. I. M. Channon, Micronesia.

*Rev. Thomas Gray, Micronesia.Rev. Ph. A . Delaporte, Micronesia.

Mrs. Ph. A. Delaporte, Micronesia.

Persons under Appointment

Rev. and Mrs. Phineas B. Kennedy, European Turkey.

Rev. D. Miner Rogers, Eastern Turkey. Albert W . Staub, China.

President Capen took the chair, and devotional services w ere conducted by

R e v . L . H . H allock, of M inneapolis, Minn.

T h e m aterial portions o f the M inutes of the last m eeting were read.

T h e President appointed the follow ing Com m ittee on N om inations: R ev. E . G.

U p d ik e, C harles A . Hull, R ev. D e W it t S. C lark, F ran k Kim ball, R ev. F rancis L.

H ayes.

T h e follow in g com m ittees were nom inated b y the P resident and were elected: —

Committee o f Arrangem ents. — R ev. D . F . B radley, R ev. E d g a r S . Rothrock,

C . L. F ish , F . C. C ase, J. G . Jennings, J. H . W ad e, J. B. Sm iley.

B usin ess Committee. — F . W . Lym an, H . H . Bridgm an, R ev. C . L. Morgar^

iProf. C. L. N ash, G uilford D ud ley, R ev. R . W . M cL aughlin , E . H . Rhoades.

F ran k H . W igg in , the T reasurer o f the Board, presented his report and the

re p o rt o f the A uditors, w ith th at o f the expert accou n tan t

N o tice w as g iven b y the R eco rd in g S ecretary of a proposed am endm ent to

th e B y-L aw s to b rin g them into accord w ith the rules o f order o f the National

C ou n cil, especially to dispense with the motion to “ accept ” re p o rts ; and by

unanim ous consent th at m ethod o f procedure w as at once put into practice.

Sec. C . H . Patton presented the report o f the Prudential Com m ittee on U:e

H om e D epartm ent, including a recom m endation th at a com m ittee of seven be ap­

poin ted to consider the m atter o f m erging the M issionary H e r a ld w ith other

publications, and the recom m endation was adopted.

Sec. E . E . S tro n g presented the A n nu al S urvey o f the M issions.

President C apen m ade his annual address.

P ra y e r was offered b y R ev. J. R . T hurston.

Minutes o f t/'ic Annual Meeting IX

A n address w as m ade by R ev. Thom as D . Christie, president of St. P aul’s;

Collegiate Institute o f Tarsus.

Mr. H ull reported for the N om inating Com m ittee the follow ing com m ittees,

and they were appointed : —

Committee on Treasurer's R ep ort.— Frank A . D ay, I. W . M etcalf, O. H.

Ingram, C. W . O sgood, A . W . Benedict.

Committee on the R eport o f the Foreign Departm ent. — Prof. A m brose W .

Vernon, R ev. E . Lincoln Sm ith, R ev. W . H . Bolster, D avid Fales, A . D . G ray.

Committee on the R epoi't o f the H om e D epartm ent. — R ev. W . H . D ay, E . H.

Pitkin, R ev. W . W . M cLane, R ev. R . A . M acF adden, Pres. S. B. L. Penrose.

Committee on N om ination o f Officers. — P rof. W illiston W alker, Rev. Frank N .

W hite, R ev. F rank T . B ailey, H . C lark Ford, Peter C. Jones.

Committee on Place a n d Preacher. — R ev. A . J. Lym an, D . Percy Jones, P ro f.

A . L. Gillett, R ev. F . J. V an Horn, Pres. E . D . Eaton.

T h e Secretary was instructed to send to D istrict Secretary T enney, of C ali­

fornia, an expression o f the sym pathy o f the Board in the sudden sorrow that h a s

fallen upon him in the death o f his w ife.

T h e President offered a series o f resolutions, which w as referred to th e

Business Com m ittee.

P rayer was offered by R ev. E . F. W illiam s, and recess taken to two o ’clock.

W E D N E S D A Y , 2 P.M.

T h e President took the chair at two o’clock, and prayer was offered by Pres.

S. B. L. Penrose.

A ddresses were made by R ev. Thom as G ray, of Ponape, Rev. Philip A .

Delaporte, supported by the Central Church o f Honolulu, on the island of N au ru ,

R ev. I. M . Channon, of the G ilbert Islands, and Rev. G . G . Brown, of C eylon .

Prayer was offered b y R ev. John R . Nichols.

M r. Charles A . H ull presented the report of the Com m ittee on the T reasurer’s

Report.

R ev. W . H. D a y presented the report o f the Com m ittee on the H om e

Departm ent.

A ddresses were made by R ev. H enry S. Barnum, of Constantinople, and R e v .

Ernest C. Partridge, o f Sivas.

T h e President appointed a special com m ittee on the matter o f m erging th e

M issionary H e r a ld : Pres. E . D . Eaton, A . W . Benedict, R ev. J. W . Strong, A . L .

W illiston, W . W . M ills, R ev. W . W . M cL an e, N athan P . D odge.

P rayer was offered by R ev. J. E . T uttle, and recess taken till 7.30 p .m .

W E D N E S D A Y EVENING

T h e President took the chair at 7.30 o ’clock. P rayer was offered by R ev. A . L „

Frisbie.

A dd resses were made b y Secretary H itchcock and Prof. E . C. M oore, o f th e

Deputations, in reference to their recent tours on mission fields.

A t the parallel m eeting in the M ethodist C hurch similar addresses were m ade

by Secretaries Barton and Creegan.

P rayer w as offered b y R ev. Sydney Strong, and recess taken till T h u rsd ay

morning.

T H U R S D A Y M ORNING

T h e President took the chair at nine o’clock.

D evotion al exercises were led b y R ev. F rank T . B ailey.

X Minutes o f the Am iual Meeting

T h e M inutes of yesterd ay’s sessions were read and approved.

S ecretary C reegan m oved that the salutations of the B oard be sent to Rev.

G riffith John, the distinguished m issionary of the London M issionary Society, who

is now in this country, and it was so voted.

A dd resses were m ade b y R ev. John J. Banninga, o f the M adura M ission, and

b y Dr. F rank V a n Allen, R ev. Franklin E . Jeffery, and R ev. John S. Chandler, all of

the same mission. ,

P rayer w as offered b y R ev. Clarence F . Sw ift.

M r. F . W . Lym an, o f the Business Com m ittee, reported, with recommendation,

th e resolutions offered b y the President, and th ey were adopted as fo llo w s: —

Whereas, it is estimated that there are 500,000,000 of people in the districts of the various foreign mission fields, occupied by the missionaries from the United States and

Canada, and a like number in the fields occupied by the missionaries of Great Britain; and, .

Whereas, in the allotment of missionary fields to the various denominations in the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, there is in those assigned exclusively to the

work of the American Board a population estimated at 75,000,000 of people looking to this Board alone for the gospel m essage; and,

Whereas, in all these fields there is an increasing demand for the enlargement of evangelistic, educational, medical, and publication work, far beyond the ability of the American Board to meet with its present means; and,

Whereas, in certain fields, notably in China, conditions exist which ought to be met at once by a great enlargement, especially along the lines of Christian education, which opportunity is rapidly passing; and,

Whereas, there has recently been inaugurated in this country a Laymen’s Missionary

Movement, interdenominational and international, which has had the approval of the officers of the foreign missionary boards of the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, as well as the indorsement of leading laymen in all these countries, so thrt committees

are already at work in several denominations planning to organize the men for larger giving —

W e, therefore, the Corporate Members of the American Board, hereby

(1) Resolve, That we express our hearty sympathy with this movement to reach the

men of today in some effective alliance looking to the evangelization of the world.

(2) Resolved, That as other branches of the Christian Church have accepted the trust that has fallen to them in the cultivation of their respective fields, the American Board a t the opening of this second century accepts in turn and in trust its field estimated

to contain 75,000,000 of people, and pledges its earnest effort to evangelize these millions without halting or hesitating in the task.

(3) Resolved, That, in cooperation with the Laymen’s Missionary Movement, we urge

our members in the various cities and counties throughout our country to cooperate with

laymen of other denominations to the end that there may be in every large center of popu­lation an interdenominational committee, which, working in harmony with regular denomi­national missionary organizations and conferences and church committees, shall endeavor

to promote an aggressive and adequate missionary policy among the men in all the churches

of their district.

(4) Resolved, That the laymen in each local church, where there is not at present any efficient missionary committee, be urged to organize at once such committees, with the

purpose of securing the intelligent interest of every man. That we urge the acceptance

c f the declaration of purpose hereto annexed, adopted by the Laymen’s Missionary Move­

ment as broad and catholic in its outlook, and one to which all our men should respond.

W e would urge further that it should be the effort of such committees to secure from all men gifts which shall be worthy of themselves and the present day opportunities, and

worthy of Him whose name we bear.

J\I¡ mi íes of the Annual Meeting xi

(5) Resolved, That inasmuch as the American Board was bom, and has continued thus

far, in a spirit of prayer, we endeavor to cultivate still more this spirit among the men of our churches, since, in order to conquer this world for righteousness, we need prayer and lives and funds, and only as we are interested to pray shall we be interested to give.

(6) Resolved, That while our first effort should be to attain the very small increase required to reach the amount recommended by the National Advisory Committee under the Apportionment Plan, this shall be considered only as a beginning; and that we should strive to double as speedily as possible our gifts, so that the American Board’s

income shall average annually two dollars per member of our Congregational churches. When the men in other denominations are planning not only to double, but to quadruple

their gifts, this seems to be well within our reach.1(7) Resolved, That we believe that such increase of giving, so far from being an injury

to the great and vital work that is being done by our home societies, would contribute

to the increase of gifts to home objects, for the experience of the world has been that when the vision of the church is as wide as the world, then, and then only, do the home

churches receive for themselves their largest blessings.

(8) Resolved, That we urge the officers of this Board, so far as they possibly can, to endeavor to bring before our various church clubs the great world wide field in all its length and breadth, believing that these clubs can come to higher usefulness and do a greatly increased service in helping to bring in the kingdom of God.

(9) Resolved, That we urge upon laymen of means the importance of endowment for

our collegiate and theological institutions in the East, upon which depends so fully the advance, self-support, and self-propagation of the direct and permanent work of evangelization.

(10) Resolved, That as the Laymen’s Missionary Movement has already aroused many men all over the world to a new enthusiasm, has carried courage and joy to the missionaries

at the front, and as the women and the young people are already organized for service, it

is for the men of today in our Congregational churches, who control so largely the money, to put their gifts and their prayers and their business sagacity into cooperation with this

new movement, which has for its object the arousing of all men to more earnest efforts to reach speedily every man with the message of the cross.

(11) Resolved, That as it is hoped by the Laymen’s Missionary Movement that it may

be possible to suggest some unified and comprehensive plan of missionary finance, to be

worked out definitely and practically by each denomination, which shall appeal alike to

the Christian conscience and the business judgment of our wisest men, therefore it is for the American Board, which was the leader in the last century, to be worthy still of its great

inheritance, and to join with the men of other faiths in all efforts thus to hasten the final

victory. Let us have with them the joy of sacrifice and the passion for service, in the name and for the sake of our Master, our Lord and our King.

TH E DECLARATION OF TH E LAYM EN’S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT

Believing it to be the duty of the Church of Christ to preach the gospel to every

creature, it is my purpose to pray, to give, to study, and to work, as God may give me opportunity, that the church of this generation may obey this command.

T h e B usiness Com m ittee also recom m ended that the action of the Prudential

Com m ittee in arranging with the officers o f the N ational Council and affiliated

societies for a union preach ing and comm union service be approved, and th at the

Secretary be instructed to com plete the M inutes in accordance herewith, and it was

so voted.

T h e annual serm on was therefore that delivered by R ev. G eorge A . G ordon, of

Boston, on Sunday morning, O ctober 14, on the text, John 17 : 3, and with the sub­

ject, ‘-T h e Sure and L ivin g F aith ,” before the assem bled delegates o f the N ational

Council and the affiliated m issionary societies.

1 Sea page 624 for the addition to this resolution by amendment.

xii Minutes o f the Annual Meeting

R ev. A . J. Lym an, o f the Com m ittee on P lace and Preacher, reported recom­

m ending B rooklyn, N . Y ., as the place, and that the preacher be R ev. C. S. M ills,

with R ev. W ashin gton G ladden as alternate, and it was so voted.

H on. John H . P erry offered the follow ing R ules of O rder, being those o f the

N ational Council, as substitute for the R ules o f O rder com prised in Section V,

paragraphs 29-37, of the B y-Law s now in use b y the Board, and they were a d o p ted : —

RULES OF ORDER

The Rules of Order shall be those of the common parliamentary law, with the following modifications: —

1. W hen a question is under debate no motion shall be received except to adjourn,

to lay on the table, to postpone indefinitely, to postpone to a time certain, to commit, to

amend,- which motions shall have precedence in the order named, and, except to lay on the table and to adjourn, shall be debatable. But the Board at any time, on the motion o f

one member seconded by five others and passed by a two-thirds vote of those present

and voting, may order the previous question upon any principal or subsidiary debatable

motion then pending. A fter this is so ordered, the debate shall not be cut off for one-half

hour, provided any member desires to sp eak; but during that time no person shall speak more than once, or more than five minutes.

2. No member shall speak more than twice to the merits of any question under

debate, except by special permission of the body; nor more than once, until every member desiring to speak shall have spoken.

3. Ordinarily, voting shall be viva voce, or by show of hands; but any member may

call for a division, in which case the number voting on each side shall be counted,

announced by the chair, entered in the Minutes, and published in the printed reports

of the proceedings.4. W hen a committee report has been presented, it shall, in the absence of objection,

be deemed to be received by the Board, and unless otherwise disposed of shall pass to

the Recording Secretary for preservation, but shall not be spread upon the Minutes.If the report contains recommendations or resolutions which call for action by the

Board, those recommendations or resolutions shall thereupon be deemed to be before

it for adoption upon motion of the committee, and shall be subject to such rules as are

prescribed by parliamentary law for similar motions.The action taken by the Board in these cases shall be entered on the Minutes.

R ev. W . H . B olster offered the report of the Com m ittee on the Foreign

D epartm ent, and an address was m ade by Prof. A . W . Vernon.

P rayer was offered b y Pres. J. G . M errill.

A dd resses w ere m ade b y R ev. W allace T aylo r, m .d ., R ev. H . Pedley, Rev.

H . B. N ew ell, and R ev. J. H . D eF o rest, all o f Japan.

P rayer was offered b y R ev. Philip S. M oxom , and recess taken till 2 i\M.

T H U R SD A Y A FT E R N O O N

T h e Presiden t took the chair at two o’clock.

P rayer w as offered b y R ev. John S. Chandler.

A dd resses were m ade b y M r. A lfre d E . M arling, o f N ew Y o rk , of the Inter­

national Com m ittee o f the Y o u n g M en’s C hristian A ssociation and the Laym en’s

F oreign M ission ary M ovem en t; M r. W illiam T . E llis, o f P h ilad elp hia; M r. John B.

Slem an, Jr., o f W ashin gton , D . C., secretary of the Laym en’s M ovem ent; and

M r. D . P e rcy Jones, of M inneapolis, w ho offered a resolution as fo llo w s: —

T hat the resolutions offered by the President and adopted this morning be amended by the addition to the sixth resolution of the words, “ Ultimately a much larger sum will

be required in order properly to cover our great field with its 75,000,000 of people.”

Minutes of the Annual Meeting xisi

T h is resolution was adopted.

P rayer w as offered b y M r. W illiam Shaw.

R ev. C harles H . D aniels reported for the Com m ittee on N ew M em bers, pre­

senting the resignations o f the follow ing persons, w hich were accepted: W alter A .

M ahony, o f O h io ; R ev. F . W . B aldw in, of N ew H am pshire; Pres. M. H . Buck-

ham, o f V erm on t; R ev. W arren F . D ay, of California. A lso the follow ing names

of those w ho had lost m em bership b y rem oval from the conferences or associations

which they represented: R ev. B enjam in S w ift, V erm on t; Rev. S . M. Cathcart,

M assachusetts; R ev. H . K . H aw ley, N orth D a k o ta ; R ev. R. B. Larkin, California.

A lso the fo llow in g nam es fo r election as Corporate M em bers, and they were elected

by b a llo t: R ev. John H astin gs Quint, Lincoln Conference, M ain e; S eb a A . Holton,

Barnstable Conference, M assa ch u setts; Lem uel LeB arron D exter, Old Colony

Conference, M assachusetts; D . W . W illiam s, H artford E a s t Conference, Connecti­

cut; R ev. T heophilus S. D evitt, N ew H aven E a st Consociation, Connecticut;

Charles H . A ld rich , S uffo lk A ssociation, N ew Y o r k ; F ran k L. F airchild , Central

Conference, O h io ; R ev. D w igh t M allory Pratt, M iam i Conference, O h io ; Rev.

W alter C. V eazie, Lone S tar A ssociation (State), T e x a s ; James C. Hanna, A urora

Association, Illino is; G . C . M eisel, Eastern A ssociation, M ich igan; R ev. Carl S.

Patton, Jackson A ssociation , M ich igan; E . N . Coleman, D avenport A ssociation,

Iow a; R ev. F ran k W . H odgdon, Grinnell A ssociation, Io w a ; R ev. H erbert J.

Hinman, N ortheastern A ssociation , Io w a ; G eorge A . G uild, N orthern A ssociation,

K ansas; A rthur D . Parker, Jam estow n A ssociation, N orth D ak o ta ; R ev. H enry K.

Booth, Sacram ento V a lle y A ssociation, C alifo rn ia; R ev. John H . W illiam s, San

Bernardino A ssociation , C a lifo rn ia ; Hon. H enry P. B aldw in, Maui, M olokai, and

Lanai A ssociation, H aw aiian Islands. A t la r g e : M. A . D ean, I llin o is ; Pres.

W illiam N . Ferrin, O regon ; R ev. G eorge A . H all, M assachusetts; R ev. W illiam

D ouglas M ackenzie, C on n ecticut; D . K . Pearsons, Illino is; Pres. A lfred T . Perry,

O h io; John B . Slem an, Jr., D istrict of Colum bia; Edw ard B. Sturges, Pennsyl­

van ia; Pres. G raham T aylor, Illinois.

Prof. W illiston W a lk e r offered the report of the Com m ittee on Officers,

nom inating the follow in g list, and they were elected by b a llo t: —

President Associate Secretary

H a k r y W a d e H i c k s

Treasurer

F r a n k H . W i g g i n , E s q .

A uditors

E m v i x H . B a k e r , E s q .

H e n r y E . C o b b , E s q .

W i l l i a m B . P l u n k e t t , E s q .

Prudential Committee

Term expires iq io

H e r b e r t A . W i l d e r , E s q .

R e v . E d w a r d M . N o y e s

R e v . J o h n H . D e n i s o n

R e v . E l n a t h a n E . S t r o n g , d .d ., E m eritus R e v . G e o r g e A . H a l l

R e v . W i l l i a m E . S t r o n g

E xcu ses for absence were received from the follow ing Corporate M em bers:

A . W . A ckerm an, G eorge C. Adam s, L. O. Baird, W . G . Ballantine, J. C . B erry,

S a m u e l B . C a p e n , l l .d .

Vice-President

P r e s . H e n r y C h u r c h i l l K i n g , d . d .

Corresponding Secretaries

R e v . J a m e s L . B a r t o n , d .d .

R e v . C o r n e l i u s H . P a t t o n , d .d .

Recording Secretary

R e v . H e n r y A . S t i m s o n , d .d .

Assistant Recording Secretary

R e v . E d w a r d N . P a c k a r d , d .d .

E d itorial Secretaries

xiv Minutes o f the Annual Meeting

J. W . B ixler, E . W . B latch ford, H S . B liss, G . N . Boardm an, J. E . B radley, H . H,

Bridgm an, E . R . Brow n, J. E . Brow n, M. A . B ullock, W . R . Burnham , C. R . Burt

S . P . Cadm an, F ranklin Carter, C. H . C ase, W . R . Castle, T . D . Catlin, W . H.

Catlin, E . W . Chapin, O. V . Coffin, S . V . Cole, J. M . Com stock, S . C. D arlin g

W . V . W . D avis, F . A . D ay, W . F . D ay, H . P . D ew ey, W . W . D ornan, Ralph

Em erson, W . P . F ish er, E . P. Flint, W alter Frear, F red erick F osd ick , J. H„ George,

C. A . G ow er, J. B. G regg, Lew is G regory, W . E . Griffis, J. M . W . H all, E . Y.

H incks, D . B . H olm es, E . E . H olm es, H enry H opkins, S . H . H ow e, Lew is A .

H yde, G . E . K eith , G race N . K im ball, H . W . Lane, H . A . Law rence, M ary P . H.

L eake, E . E . Lew is, A rthu r L itde, G . E . L ovejoy, P . W . Lym an, J. A . M acColl,

F . B . M akepeace, G . W . M arston, C. E . M ason, A lexan der M cK en zie , J. K.

M cL ean , C . C . M errill, E . S. M iller, A . J. N ew ton, W . H . N ichols, M ason Noble,

G eo rge Parsons, D . B . Perry, W . B. Plunkett, Lew ellyn Pratt, H . H . Proctor, C. N.

Prouty, E . A . R eed, D . O . R ogers, G . H . R ust, G . S. F . S avage, W illard Scott,

D orem us Scudder, J. H . Selden, W . S. Sm art, C. H . Sm ith, J. M . Speers, H . M.

Stevens, G . M . S yk es , G . A . T ew k sbu ry, R euen Thom as, W . B . T horp, E lbridge

T o rrey , G . W . T u ck er, J. H . T w ich ell, Sam uel U sher, C. A . W ebster, A . H . W ell­

man, T h o m as W eston, E d w ard W hitin , E . P. W ilco x , W . E , W olcott, R. M . W oods,

M ary E . W oo lley , S . H . V irgin .

R ev. W ash in gto n G ladden presented the report o f the com m ittee appointed

la st y ear upon the proposed union o f m issionary w ork with the M ethodist

Protestants and the U n ited Brethren, to the effect th at their efforts to carry out

instructions had proved futile.

T h e P resid en t nom inated the follow ing as new m em bers o f the com m ittee to

nom inate new C orporate M em bers to serve for three y e ars: R ev. G eorge A . T ew k s­

bury, H on. John M . W hiteh ead, and R ev. F rancis L . H ayes.

R ev. N eh em iah B oynton offered the report o f the Cooperating Com m ittee in

N ew Y ork.

P rayer w as offered b y R ev. C. E . Jefferson, and recess taken to the evening.

THURSDAY F.VENIXti

T h e P residen t took the chair at 7.30.

D evotion al exercises were conducted b y R ev. C harles J. R yder.

A dd resses w ere m ade b y R ev. J. H . D eF o rest, o f Japan, and Pres. Charles

C u th b ert H all, o f N ew Y o rk .

P rayer w as offered b y R ev. C . L . M organ, and adjournm ent taken to Friday

morning.

F R ID A Y M ORNING

T h e Presiden t took the chair at nine o ’clock.

D evotion al exercises w ere conducted b y R ev. H . C. H erring.

T h e M inutes o f T h u rsd ay ’s sessions w ere read and approved.

M r. W . W . M ills presented the report o f the com m ittee on the m erging o f the

Missionary Herald.A dd resses w ere m ade b y R ev. T . W . W oodside, of W e s t A fr ic a ; R ev. R o yal M.

C ole, o f B itlis ; R ev. R o b ert S. Stapleton, o f E rzro om ; M rs. Charles A . Nelson,

o f C an ton ; and R ev. G eo rge W . H inm an, o f Foochow .

P rayers were offered b y R ev. W . H . W arren and R ev. E . C . E w ing.

R ev. J. R . T hu rston offered the follow ing m em orial resolution concerning the

late D . W illis Jam es, form erly V ice-Presiden t o f the Board, and it w as adop ted : —

(1) Resolved\ T hat this Board wishes to put on record its high appreciation of the

Minutes o f the Annual Meeting xv

eminent service of our late Vice-President, D. Willis James, to this Board and to the cause of missions. H is rare devotion to the highest ideal, both of Christian manhood and the

widest Christian service, was supplemented by an equal sagacity in discerning the strategic points and the wisest methods for such service. Broad-minded and warm-hearted, stead­fastly loyal, he stood before the Board, as before the community, a type of the true Christian gentleman and philanthropist, setting before us an example whose influence will be permanently inspiring.

(2) Resolved, That in view of his interest in the Twentieth Century Fund, shown in

his large contribution in the beginning, which gave it a most needful impulse, it is fitting that enough of his generous bequest to the Board should be consecrated to complete this fund, if the terms of the bequest will permit.

T h e R ecord ing Secretary offered the follow ing resolution, which was adopted: —

Resolved, That, in view of the immense importance today of the information it conveys

concerning our work in the foreign fields, the Missionary Herald is commended to all our people, and they are urged to subscribe for it. And we heartily commend the efforts

of our new Editorial Secretary to make it all that can be desired for fullness o f matter

and attractiveness of form.

R ev. H . M . T en n ey m ade an address concerning the T an k M issionary H om e

at Oberlin, and urging increased g ifts fo r its support and further endowment.

T h e m issionaries about to depart for their fields were presented, and rem arks

were made by R ev. D . M . R ogers, R ev. A . W . Staub, R ev. and M rs. P. B. Kennedy.

Mr. E . H . R hoades, o f the Business Com m ittee, offered the follow ing resolutions,

and they were ad o p ted : —

Resolved, That to the Rev. Dr. Albert H. Plumb, of Boston, one of the oldest and most honored of the Corporate Members of this Board, and for many years an influential

member of its Prudential Committee, this Board sends most tender greeting, with a grateful recognition of his signal service to the Church of Christ both at home and abroad, and with the earnest prayer that from the serious malady under which he has suffered he

may be spared for yet many years to the work for which his whole life has been a rejoicing

sacrifice.W e, the members of this Board, clearly recognize that much of the marked success

and inspiration of these meetings are due to the thorough and complete preparations

made by this church before the meetings opened, and to the untiring labors of the pastor and associate pastor and the membership of the church during the past three days.

W e also recognize and appreciate the cheerful cooperation and sympathy shown us

by the citizens of Cleveland, as well as the generous hospitality extended to us.W e remember with gratitude the services of the chorus, and of the Oberlin Volunteers

in charge of the missionary exhibit.

We go to our respective homes with greater knowledge of the work, and we trust

with greater zeal and with more faith in the One who bade us “ go in His name.”

W e wish especially to urge upon our members the importance of this Laymen’s

Movement as a strong aid to the work.For the above and many other things done for us, and which have contributed to make

these meetings such a marked success, we wish to extend to one and all of the above our most hearty thanks.

R em arks w ere m ade b y R ev. C . W . Carroll, o f the Com m ittee of A rrangem ents,

in beh alf o f the churches and people o f Cleveland.

P resident Capen m ade response in beh alf o f the Board.

T h e M inutes w ere read and approved in full.

P rayer w as offered by R ev. A . J. Lym an, and the B oard adjourned to meet

in B rooklyn, in O ctober, 1908.

H . A . S t im s o x , Recording Secretary.

Report o f Committees at the Annual Meeting, 1907

Committee on the Report of the Home DepartmentRev. W. H. Day, Chairman

W e have been asked to be brief. O f the qualities of statesm anship and

business capacity so conspicuous in this report we have no time to speak. W e

desire to em phasize tw o points in w hich the churches m ay cooperate — the

m ethods of p u blicity and of education.

M ethods o f P tiblicity . — T h e publication of the E nvelope Series, leaflets, H om e

S ecretary ’s bulletin, w ith the H erald,, m et the needs of p u blicity adm irably. W e

have experiences like th at in the econom ic world. W e have developed ability to

produce splendid literature, bu t fa il in sufficient distribution. U pon us, the

average pastors and laymen, rests the task o f connecting the man with the litera­

ture. W e com m end the suggested m erger o f m agazines, and hope that the pres­

ent excellent m ethods o f distributing the M issionary H e r a ld m ay afford a m odel

for the distribution o f the new periodical. W e recom m end that the details be

intrusted to the A d v iso ry Com m ittee. I f this be accom plished we believe the

pastor m ay hope to secure its adm ission to the fam ily periodical tables in his

parish.

The M ethods o f Education. — T h e adoption of the A pportionm ent Plan

prom ises to be educational. I t m ay a ct as a “ pacem aker,” and be as valuable in

benevolence as in athletics. N o th in g in the past year has seem ed more signifi­

cant than the Laym en ’s M ovem ent. T h e m agnitude o f the m issionary enterprise

and the high sagacity of the officers o f the B oard appeal to the im agination of

men. It is m an’s business, and m ust be brought to men. T h e vigorous exten­

sion o f the w ork o f the Y o u n g People’s M ovem ent m et the hearty approval of the

com m ittee. T h is type of longer-tim ed investm ent will u ltim ately pay dividends.

T h e skillfu l cam paign o f education am ong our you n g people is already show ing

results. W e are happy to realize afresh the spirit of aggressive, resourceful

enterprise w hich pervades the work of the H om e D epartm ent.

Committee on the Report of the Foreign DepartmentRev. A. W. Vernon, Chairman

Y o u r com m ittee congratulates the m em bers and supporters o f the A m erican

B oard upon another y ear’s p rogress am ong the com m unities where it labors. It

notes with regret th at the w ork in M icronesia has been halted during the p ast year,

possib ly by the consciousness o f the eventual transfer o f a large part of it to the

G erm an societies, certain ly by the depletion through illness and enforced furloughs

of alm ost half its w orkin g force, and b y the failure either to equip or to replace

the M orn in g S ta r , w h ich has prohibited necessary intercourse am ong the different

islands. It notes w ith apprehension the continued indifference o f the proportion­

ately large num ber o f the A m erican s in our new possession a t G uam and our

am azing in ability to strengthen the difficult and experim ental w ork in the Philippines

b y the sending o f a physician there,

xvi

It has follow ed with great interest, but with confident faith , the opposition o f

the Portuguese authorities in A fr ica and o f the E nglish governor o f N atal, by

which the expansion and the very existence o f our missions are threatened.

It desires to assure of its sym pathy those m issionaries, particularly in European

T urkey, w hose w ork fo r the kingdom of G od is overshadow ed b y the unrest and

turmoil in the kingdom s of men, and those m issionaries, particularly in India, who

have vain ly aw aited indispensable reenforcem ents, who have been forced to turn

whole v illages from Jesus C h rist and to transfer the care of large districts, in which

they have labored and for w hich they have prayed, to other organizations.

In sight o f these and sim ilar facts, it begs for an increase in fa ith and a

decrease o f trivia lity am ong the churches of A m erica.

Y o u r com m ittee further records its great thankfulness for the unm erited bless­

ings w hich G od has bestow ed upon all the fields of our endeavor. It calls your

attention first o f all to the great aw akening at O orfa and at Shao-wu, and to the

universally large increase in the m em bership o f our m issionary churches, reaching

to one-eighth o f the entire body o f C hristians in N orth China, to alm ost one-seventh

in Japan, and to one-fifth in the sm aller work in G u am ; and it would direct your

attention to the follow in g facts, w hich it deem s especially n otew orthy: T o the stabil­

ity obtained in M exico by the incorporation of a real estate com pany fo r the holding

o f m ission p ro p e rty ; to the advantageous rem oval o f the T ientsin s ta tio n ; to the

wise com pact o f the M icronesian M ission b y which the w ork in the Caroline and

M arshall Islands is to be gradually transferred to the Liebenzeller M ission o f G erm any,

the country to w hose political control the islands have recently p a ss e d ; to the

striking concessions m ade by the sultan to the work of our m issionaries in A sia

M inor; to the increased governm ent grants to our w ork in In d ia; to the great

openings for Protestantism in R u ssia and M oravia, and to the enlargem ent of our

forces through the sailing o f new m issio n aries; to the developm ent of the possibili­

ties o f self-support through industrial equipm ent and of the principle of self-support

am ong the students in our schools and colleges as well as am ong our ch u rc h e s; to

the establishm ent o f a native hom e m issionary society for evangelistic w ork in the

North C hina M iss io n ; to the increase in the native forces everyw here and in their

ability as teachers and p a sto rs ; to the effective opium refuges o f our Shansi

M iss io n ; to the beginnings of w ork am ong the M an ch u s; to the com m encem ent

o f interest in C hristian ity am ong the ruling classes o f C hin a; to the p lacin g of

Bible-wom en in its official fam ilies ; to the steady grow th of the m edical w ork every-

■where and to the establishm ent o f clinics in the village churches o f our F oochow

M iss io n s; to the large num ber o f church buildings that are bein g erected all over

the field and th at testify to the perm anence o f the w o r k ; and finally and chiefly, to

the grow in g conviction o f the first im portance o f educational work, to the rem arkable

C hristianization o f the pupils in our educational institutions, the universal experience

being only a little outdone b y the record o f the N orth C hina C ollege, where all the

pupils bu t one are Christians, and o f the g ir ls ’ boardin g school a t M onastir in

European T u rk ey , where every’ graduate is a m em ber o f our evangelical church,

and to the g rea t and unique opportunity unexpectedly and y e t in evitably open to

the graduates o f our wom en’s colleges in C hina b y the action o f the governm ent

in establish ing schools fo r women, for w hich alm ost the only availab le teachers are

those w hich our m issions are able to supply.

In v iew o f these facts, it rejoices in the la .g e and m iraculous results o f work

in the kingdom o f G od. A n d it com m ends the reports o f the various m issions to

the careful readin g o f the churches.

Report o f Committees at the Annua! Meeting xvii

Committee on the Treasurer’s ReportCharles A. Hall, Chairman

A CAREFUL perusal of the T reasurer’s report leaves the im pression that a very

large business has been transacted w ith great econom y and fidelity. T h e financial

side o f the problem of foreign missions, while not as interesting in its details nor

as inspiring in its history as those o f the m ission fields, is ye t v ita lly im portant

and should receive every year the m ost careful attention of the Corporate M em bers.

T h e plans adopted b y the B oard fo r keeping its accounts, including the

careful annual scrutiny of a special exam iner, who is also a p u blic auditor, with

the added testim ony of three capable and experienced business men, show that its

Prudential Com m ittee has not been unaware o f the im portance o f thoroughness in

this direction. T h e clear and careful statem ent presented b y the T reasurer shows,

expenditures for m issions of $786,848.51, again st $768,530.98 last year, w ith a total

expense fo r adm inistration, agencies, and publication o f S90.783.44, the expense

a ggregatin g a little more than ten per cent of the total expenditures.

If a business o f nearly $1,000,000, involving vast detail, the correspondence

w ith representatives in all quarters of the world, the g iv in g o f inform ation to a large

constituency at home, and the collection o f funds from churches, individuals, soci­

eties, and legacies, can show an expense ratio o f only a little over ten per cent, it

is, w ithout doubt, econom ically and efficiently handled. T h e p ity o f it is that the

salaries o f m issionaries and w orkers m ust be kept at such beggarly rates because

of the grea t needs of the w ork and o f the com paratively sm all g ifts of the con­

stituency. Still, we are thankful th at the B oard has as m any frien d s as it has;

and w hile this has not been the largest year fo r collections in the history of the

A m erican B oard, the am ount of contributions is extrem ely gratify in g, and shows

a constant and abid in g interest in the w ork of the Board.

T h e receipts credited to legacies have been unusually large, and we are glad

to note the adoption o f the plan for reserving legacies and d istribu tin g the ex­

penditures over a num ber o f years. A sim ilar plan has been in operation in one

o f the sister hom e societies for a num ber o f years, and has been found to give

great satisfaction, and its adoption b y the A m erican Board, w ith the result of

p u ttin g the T w en tieth C entury Fund at w ork, has dem onstrated the wisdom of the

collection of th at fund.

It would be v ery desirable if it could be increased to the original amount

proposed — $250,000 — b u t even in its present proportions it is doing excellent

work, and will m aintain in a m easure stability and uniform ity in the receipts of

the B oard.

O w in g to the increased cost o f liv in g the expenses o f the B oard fo r the

current year, w ithout enlargem ent o f the w ork, w ill be necessarily greater than

they have been during the year just past. Consequently, the du ty is la id upon all

the friends o f the Board, and particularly upon the C orporate M em bers, to aid the

H om e S ecretary and the D istric t Secretaries in augm enting the interest o f our

churches and their people in this g rea t w ork, so dear to all w ho are hoping and

p rayin g th at “ the kingdom s of this w o rld ” m ay “ becom e the kingdom s of our

Lord and o f his C hrist.”

xviii Report o f Committees at the Annual Meeting

A N N U A L R E P O R T

1 9 0 6 — 1 907

Report of the Prudential Committee1906-1907

HOME DEPARTMENT

The Year’s Problems

T h e Board started upon the work of its ninety-seventh year under pecul­

iarly happy circumstances. The success of the financial campaign of the

previous year, resulting in the wiping out of a very large debt, with the

inspiring nature o f the exercises at the last Annual Meeting incident to

the celebration of the centennial of the Haystack Prayer Meeting, furnished

a background for the efforts of the new year of a peculiarly favorable char­

acter. The exercises at North Adams and W illiamstown kindled the churches

to a missionary zeal such as they have not evinced in recent years. A new

note o f courage and expectancy was heard in many sermons and addresses,

and our constituency was increased by the addition of many new friends.

The Prudential Committee, in planning the work o f the year, was grateful

for these encouragements, and was not unmindful of the bearing o f such

conditions upon the financial problem.

Certain other factors, however, of a less favorable nature, we were

obliged to consider with equal care. It was evident there could be no repeti­

tion of such a financial campaign as was carried on in the year 1905-06. On

the other hand, the holding back of missionary appointments during the same

year rendered it necessary to reenforce the missions more liberally than

usual during the year just closed. It was a case where the economy o f one

year placed an extra burden upon the year that followed. It was also kept

prominently in mind that in recent years the work of the Board had ex­

panded to such an extent as to increase our budget by not less than $100,000,

while there had been no corresponding increase in receipts so far as normal

years were concerned.

Under these conditions, the Committee decided to allow a reasonable

increase in missionary appointment for the relief o f the pressing needs

of the missions, but not to advance the appropriations for what we call

“ general work.” This term covers all expenses on the field over and above

the salaries o f missionaries. It includes such items as employment o f native

workers, conduct o f schools, hospitals, industrial plants, aid to churches,

touring o f missionaries, publications, etc. It is evident that the general

work is the work o f the Board. It is essentially the work for which our

missionaries are sent out. The salaries of the men and women at the front

and on furlough, by the nature of the case, must be a first charge upon the

treasury. So i f there is to be any retrenchment it must be in the item

“ general work.” F or several years the appropriations for this purpose

have remained practically at $121,000, and the inability o f the Board to

increase that amount has caused unspeakable disappointment and hardship

to the missionaries.1

2 Home Department

It was inevitable, then, that these men and women should feel keenly

the fact that notwithstanding the great centennial success they were to have

no more opportunity for expanding their work than for several years past.

The courageous spirit in which they received the news gave abundant

evidence, i f any was needed, that these representatives o f ours sympathize

with us in the peculiar difficulties besetting the Board in recent years, and

are willing to shape their plans to the restricted resources we have provided.

Until the gap between receipts and expenditures on the present basis of

appropriations is closed, or there is prospect of its being closed, any general

expansion o f the work to meet the present unparalleled opportunities would

seem to be precluded.

Increased Cost o f WorK

The question is frequently asked as to why the Prudential Committee

has allowed the cost o f the work to increase so materially above the receipts

o f normal years. The question is a fair one and every contributor to the

Board is entitled to a frank and plain answer. A t the outset it should be

kept in mind that the expenses o f the year cannot be foreseen with the

exactness possible in ordinary business or philanthropic undertakings.

Certain appropriations can be made on the basis o f a known budget of

expense, such as salaries, general work, etc.; but to a considerable extent the

best we can do at the beginning of a year is to estimate the outgo. When

it is recalled that we are operating in many parts o f the world, in many

climes, under many flags, and that exigencies are liable to arise at any time

from governmental changes and physical disasters, such as earthquake, flood,

cyclone and fire, it is evident there must be a considerable degree o f uncer­

tainty as to our expenses over a period o f twelve months. W e would

mention also several special causes for the enforced increase in our budget.

The increased cost o f living in recent years is a world-wide fact having an

important bearing upon our work. It would have been simply inhuman not

to advance the salaries o f the missionaries in certain o f our fields. And

where we have not taken such a step the missionaries have been placed

under such an unusual strain financially, that in many cases they have been

obliged to ask special aid, which the Committee has granted under the

feeling that the contributors to the Board would vigorously disapprove of

any other course. T he expense o f missionaries and their families on fur­

lough or at home for special reasons has increased to a considerable

extent in recent years, $7,631 in the past year alone. The explanation of

this is to be found partly in the increased cost o f living in this country and

partly in the fact (a very sad one to relate, and more o f a confession than

an explanation) that our missionaries, facing unprecedented opportunities

under modern world conditions, and finding themselves unable to enter into

them on account o f the lack o f proper means, have done what any coura­

geous, consecrated worker would do— redoubled their own efforts, attempting

to do their own work and that o f many others.; The inevitable result has

Home Department 3

happened. They have broken down under the strain, and are forced to take

longer and more frequent periods o f rest.

Another important element in the increase of expense is the fact that

educational and philanthropic work everywhere is growing more complex

and hence more expensive. It requires more men and more apparatus.

The cost o f our colleges in Am erica has increased appreciably in recent

years and is still increasing. W hile the American Board institutions do not

attempt to equal those at home in the matter o f equipment, they cannot and

should not refuse altogether to improve their condition in order to keep pace

with the larger demands of the times. In a number of instances large

governmental grants to our schools depend upon our maintaining a certain

grade of efficiency. W ithout these grants we would be unable to sustain

institutions which are of the utmost value.

But, after all, the most important reason for the steadily climbing expense

account is the success of the work itself. This is a growing work, and who

would have it otherwise? It grows because it is a vine o f the Lord’s own

planting, because God’s own spirit is behind it and through it. The work is

bound to succeed and no man can stop it. T he Prudential Committee and

officers o f the Board are utterly powerless to prevent the increasing demands

of our missions; and perhaps least o f all men should we desire to do so.

W e do not so desire, but on the contrary rejoice over them as unmistakable

signs o f the divine approval. W e believe that a proper exercise o f faith

requires us to take into consideration the response of the churches as well

as the calls o f the missions, and that we should not be expected to appropriate

money for which there is no reasonable prospect. The policy o f the Com­

mittee is definite, and established, we trust, beyond recall that we are not

knowingly to go into debt. A t the same time we are forced to recognize

that in such a prospering work as this a certain steady increase o f cost will

be unavoidable, until the native churches are able to assume a much larger

degree o f self-support than has been achieved thus far. The leaven planted

among the nations by the founders of the Board and those who followed

them is working mightily in our day. Other men have labored and we have

entered into their labors. It is not for us to complain but rather to rejoice

and to give ourselves to the increasingly glorious task.

Financial Result

Under the circumstances described above we feel that the financial out­

come of the year is by no means discouraging. W ithout repeating the

detailed account contained in the Treasurer’s Report, it may be stated here

that our receipts from all sources were $978,876.12. O f this $85,417.39 was

paid in during September and October, 1906, as a part of the Million Dollar

Campaign o f the previous year, and was applied to the old debt. This was

reported verbally at the last annual meeting. The sum of $58,492.03 has

been carried forward to the Surplus Legacy Account in accordance with the

Twentieth Century Fund plan. The balance o f $834,966.70 was applied to

current expenses, falling short $36,635.52 of the amount needed.

4 Home Department

Undoubtedly the situation has been saved by the unusual amount received

from legacies, $166,830.54 in all. W ithout the increment here our debt would

have reached very serious proportions. There was a falling off in donations

from the living, as compared with the previous year, o f $121,108.72. This

is a larger loss than we had expected after making allowance for the natural

reaction after the Million Dollar Campaign. There has been, however, a

goodly gain over normal years which would seem to indicate an upward tend­

ency. The receipts from churches, Sunday schools, Christian Endeavor

Societies, and individuals, not including gifts to the W oman’s Boards, reveal

the real situation as to the trend o f our finances. Receipts from these

sources for the past ten years have been as follows:

1898 . $250,832.46 1903 . • $33°>754-n1899 . 290,297.57 1904 . 327,669.361900 . 301,761.72 1905 . 322,192.441901 . 310,542.26 1906 . 470,073.951902 . 290,224.70 1907 . 356,328.87

1 $436,079.60, including contributions to the debt.

Cultivation o f Legacies

It should be borne in mind that while legacy receipts are not as accurate

a measure o f missionary interest in the churches as are donations, they do,

to no small degree, reflect the attitude o f our constituents. The principal

legacy o f the year was written during the year, under influences which are

typical o f such as might prevail in other cases. The idea that there is no

discoverable law as to legacy writing is not warranted by the facts. The

state o f mind which leads to the making o f testamentary bequests is one

that can be cultivated; and it is the purpose o f the Home Department o f the

Board to make such cultivation one o f its important functions. From such

information as has come to us we are inclined to discredit the prevailing

idea that the day o f legacies is past. On the contrary, we believe that if the

Corporate Members of the Board exert themselves to commend the Board to

those who are drawing their wills, and, above all, set an inspiring exam p le

in the matter, we shall see a steadily increasing income from this source.

Donations to our Conditional G ift Fund, on which annuities are paid,

while not in the same category with legacies, are of a sufficiently similar

nature to warrant us in regarding them as a thermometer o f missionary

interest. The steady increase in this fund in recent years is one of our

distinctly encouraging features. Even should this method of remembering

the Board, containing as it does, so many advantages, divert sums which

might otherwise come to us as legacies, the advantage is so clearly ours

that such a tendency is to be rejoiced in and encouraged. Our C o rp o rate

Members and friends generally can do the Board a great service by com­

mending the Annuity Plan to their friends.

T he fund now stands at $582,903.41. The number o f givers is 186.

Tw enty-four new gifts have been received during the year, aggregating

Home Department 5

$48,35°- The amount o f gifts maturing during the year, and thus becoming

applicable to our work, was $32,500.

Appointment o f Missionaries

D uring the year we have appointed thirty-eight new missionaries, o f whom

twenty-three have left for the field. The schedule o f appointments is as

follow s: —

West Central A frica : Rev. and Mrs. W illiam Clark Bell, sailed May 30,

from Boston; Helen H. Stover.

South African M ission, Rhodesian Branch: Miss Minnie Clarke, o f Mel-

setter, A frica , was appointed August 6.

European Turkey: Miss Inez L. Abbott, sailed August 24, from Montreal,

to be associated with Miss Maltbie in the Girls’ School at Samokov. Rev.

and Mrs. Phineas B. Kennedy will probably sail in October, directly after

the Board meeting.

Western Turkey: Miss Madeline Gile, sailed August 7, from N ew York.

Central Turkey: Miss A lice C. Bewer sailed September 14, from Boston,

having been appointed as assistant missionary and nurse for work in Aintab.

Rev. and Mrs. Fred Field Goodsell are just beginning their work in this

mission.

Eastern Turkey: Miss E. Gertrude Rogers, sailed from Boston, Septem­

ber 14, for Van.

Marathi: Rev. and Mrs. Robert Ernest Hume, sailed August 24, from

New Y o rk ; and on September 3, from the same port, Prof. and Mrs.

Charles H. Burr, Miss Clara Harding Bruce, and Miss Elizabeth H. Viles,

while Mr. and Mrs. David Carroll Churchill, already on the field, have been

appointed as regular missionaries.

Ceylon: Miss Zillah W inifred Scott-Patten as assistant missionary and

nurse.

Foochow: Miss Grace Funk reached Foochow, December 23; Miss E liza­

beth Perkins sailed from Seattle, September 10, while Miss Ruth Porter

W ard expects to leave in November for this mission.

South China: Misses Edna and Vida Low rey have been appointed to

this mission, probably going to their field within a few months.

North China: Miss Mabel A. Ellis, sailed from San Francisco, Septem­

ber 24.

Shansi: Rev. W atts O. P ye sailed from San Francisco, September 24;

Miss Daisie P. Gehman will leave in October, while Rev. and Mrs. Charles S.

Tubbs have been appointed to this mission, but will not leave for the field

for another year. Mr. Albert W illiam Staub and Miss Jane Frederica

McIntosh will probably leave for Shansi in the spring o f 1908.

Japan: Miss Julia C. H ocking sailed September 24, and Misses Grace H.

and M ary E. Stowe expect to leave in the spring.

Under Appointment but Field not Designated: Rev. D. Miner Rogers and

Rev. Vinton P. Eastman.

6 Home Department

Return o f Missionaries

The missionaries returning to their respective fields have been as

follow s: —

South A frica , Z u lu : Rev. and Mrs. Frederick B. Bridgman.

W est Central A frica : Rev. W alter T . and Mrs. Currie and Mrs. Marion

M. Webster.

Western Turkey: Miss Emma D. Cushman, Dr. and Mrs. W illiam S.

Dodd, Miss M ary E. Kinney, and Miss Lillian F. Cole.

Marathi: Rev. and Mrs. H enry G. Bissell.

Madura: Miss M ary M. Root.

Japan: Miss M ary E. W ainwright.

Publications

There has been no change in the number or character o f the publications

o f the Board during the past year. W e feel that with our present series of

periodicals and leaflets, supplemented by statements in the religious weeklies

and the secular press, we are putting out in an effective w ay a very large

body of missionary literature which is well distributed among our con­

stituents and the general religious public.

The Missionary Herald. W e have welcomed the new personality and pen

o f Rev. W illiam E. Strong as A cting Editor o f the Herald, and as in

charge o f the literary work o f the Board generally. This increase to our

official staff was the more welcome in view of the fact that our veteran

editor, Dr. E. E . Strong, was called upon to devote all o f his time to the

Foreign Department during the absence of Sec. James L. Barton on the

deputation to China. Beginning with the January issue the Herald ap­

peared in a new and improved form as to paper, typography, and arrange­

ment o f matter. The change has met with general approval, and we are

constantly receiving letters from readers complimenting the Board upon the

character o f its organ. M ore money might easily be spent upon this period­

ical in the w ay o f illustrations and embellishments, and a great deal more

money is spent in such ways by some other foreign missionary boards; but

we are o f the opinion that the Herald as now issued answers the purposes

o f a general, popular missionary monthly exceedingly well. W e are glad to

report that the subscription list is steadily growing, and that we have reason

to expect it will continue to grow. W e consider that no member o f our

churches who desires to be well informed upon the affairs o f the Kingdom

can afford to be without this magazine. On a recent public occasion one of

the foremost journalists o f the country paid a glowing tribute to the Mission­

ary Herald as one o f the leading factors in bringing in the newer and larger

community life o f the world through its diffusion o f interesting and impor­

tant information in regard to the people o f other lands and its inculcation

o f the ideals o f universal brotherhood.

Other Publications. The Board has continued to furnish articles fo r the

Congregational Work, the effort being to print in this inexpensive and

Home Department 7

widely circulated paper material o f as great value as we are accustomed to

put out in other ways. The increased labor expended in this direction is

already meeting with a favorable response. The Almanac is issued every

year, and is steadily gaining a larger place for itself as a valuable com­

pendium of the work of the Board and of the foreign missionary enterprise

generally, not only among our own constituents, but among workers under

other boards. The “ Envelope Series” is a little quarterly, carrying the

valuable privilege o f government second class rates, in which we can place

before the churches in very inexpensive form such longer articles, biograph­

ical sketches, etc., as do not naturally find room in the Herald. W e are

under obligations to the authors o f these various articles for their voluntary

services in m aterially enriching our literature, much of their w ork being

of permanent value. The Home Secretary issues a quarterly news bulletin

of four pages, modeled after the financial bulletins with which business men

are familiar, which is mailed to a very large list o f people, selected with

reference to their ability to contribute by work or wealth to the foreign

missionary cause. It is proving to be a valuable agency, not only fo r the

dissemination of information among those who do not ordinarily read our

other publications, but also for immediate financial returns.

Press Work. W e have continued to make large use o f The Congrega-

tionalist and the Advance in setting our work and its needs before the

churches. B y paying for space in these journals we have been able to keep

our work before our constituents at weekly intervals, thereby creating an

atmosphere of interest and expectancy which facilitates the securing o f funds.

Realizing that the secular press is today the mightiest agency for the dis­

semination o f information, and that it is important to create a favorable

attitude toward the foreign missionary work on the part o f thinking people

generally, we have secured the services o f Miss Frances J. Dyer, a trained

journalist, to prepare for the daily papers such missionary articles and news

items as they are willing to accept and which may bear more or less directly

upon the work and interests o f the Am erican Board. Although this effort

is a new one, not having continued more than four months, we have already

arranged with about fifty newspapers to receive syndicate material, while not

a few leading articles of an exclusive nature have been sent to the better

known dailies. W e believe this movement has large possibilities o f useful­

ness in it, and we are gratified to find how willing the secular papers are to

print missionary news when it is presented in a journalistic way. Some of

the leading papers o f the country are on our list and receiving articles at

stated times.Leaflets, etc. Few er leaflets than usual have been issued during the past

year, the list being as fo llow s: Annual Sermon, Annual Report, “ Station Plan

Leaflet,” “ Otao, P o ! ” “ The Sunday School Teacher as a Missionary

Leader,” “ M issionary Enterprise in China,” “ Ten Points on Christian E n­

deavor O fferings,” “ Nine Points on Sunday School Offerings,” “ Their Reflex

Influence,” “ Eight Facts as to Foreign Missions,” “ Aruppukottai Station

Leaflet,” “ Station Plan Questions Answered,” “ Do Y o u K n ow ?” “ Christ’s

8 Home Department

Influence in A sia ,” “ Mt. Silinda Station,” “ Laymen’s M issionary Move­

ment,” “ Imperative Need,” “ Harpoot Station Circular,” and “ The Hero of

the H aystack.”

The leading publication of the year was the Haystack Centennial volume,

which has been received as a permanent and highly valuable contribution

to missionary literature. In its preparation we were aided by the editorial

oversight of Rev. Frederick H. Means.

Proposed Merging o f the Herald

W e have received from the General Secretary o f the Congregational

Home M issionary Society a carefully worked out plan for the m erging of

the magazines o f all the Congregational Benevolent Societies into a joint

publication. The plan differs from former proposals for the reduction of

the number o f missionary magazines in that it contemplates issuing four

numbers a month, one to be devoted to the Am erican Board, one to the

Congregational Home M issionary Society, one to the American Missionary

Association, and the other for the Church Building Society, Congregational

Education Society, Sunday School and Publishing Society, and Ministerial

Aid. In view o f the importance of the subject both to us and the allied

interests, we think the Board itself should take action in the matter. We,

therefore, recommend that consideration be given to the proposal at this

meeting.

History o f the Board

In the matter o f publishing a history o f the Board the instructions of the

last annual meeting were to the effect that there should be two histories, a

shorter, popular treatise to be issued in time for the Board’s centennial, and

a more elaborate and scientific account in two volumes. The preparation

o f the former was conditioned upon the securing of a guarantee fund of

$5,000 to cover the cost; while for the latter a guarantee fund o f $25,000

was required.

E arly in the year this important matter was taken up by the Prudential

Committee. The first concern was as to the smaller, popular history. As

the work which had been done during the two previous years by Mr. Edward

W arren Capen had been directed to the production of a larger work of two

volumes, encyclopedic and scientific in character, it was necessary to secure

a special editor for the shorter work. Being disappointed in their efforts

in this direction the Committee concluded to drop the matter for the present,

in the expectation that such a history can be written in time for the

centenary o f the Board in 1910.

Turning to the project for the larger work, the Committee was con­

fronted with the condition imposed by the Board, looking to the securing of

a fund o f $25,000 to guarantee the cost before any further expense should

be incurred. Inquiry among the most liberal givers to the Board, and those

most likely to be interested in such an undertaking, revealed the condition

that such a guarantee fund could not be secured without entrenching upon

Home Department 9

our regular resources, i f indeed at all. There was, then, in the judgment

of the Committee, no other course but to relinquish the project o f the

larger work. This conclusion was reached most reluctantly in view o f the

painstaking and faithful services o f Mr. Edward W arren Capen in investi­

gating the early records o f the Board and preparing manuscript for the

opening chapters o f the book. His manuscript and notes are the property

of the Board, and will prove o f value when the project for a history takes

final form. Mr. Capen, being released from this work, was able to arrange,

independently o f the Board, for an extensive tour o f mission fields for the

purpose of studying the work abroad from a sociological as well as religious

point of view. The Prudential Committee expressed their appreciation of

Mr. Capen’s scholarly services, and all friends o f the Board will rejoice over

the opportunity which is now before him.

District Offices

The reports o f the three District Secretaries are appended to the report

of the Home Department as integral parts o f the same. Speaking so fully

for themselves they do not need particular mention here. The foreign tour

of Sec. C. C. Creegan of the Middle District and Sec. A . N. Hitchcock

of the Interior District occupied nearly all o f the year, and naturally

made it necessary for the work of their respective offices to be reduced in

amount and modified in character. For the oversight of the N ew Y ork

office we were glad to avail ourselves of the services o f three missionaries

on furlough, Revs. H enry G. Bissell, John J. Banninga, and W illiam M.

Zumbro, by far the larger part of the period being covered by Mr. Zumbro.

The interests of the Chicago office were cared for by another missionary,

Rev. Irving M. Channon. A ll of these brethren proved themselves capable

in the administration of the home interests o f the Board and have placed

the constituents o f these two districts under obligation. There has not been

time since the closing o f our books, September 5, to make a detailed study

as to the returns o f the different districts so as to draw instructive com­

parisons with other years. Such deductions, however, will be presented in

the Missionary Herald in the near future.

Department for Young People and Education

It has been customary for Mr. H arry W ade Hicks, in charge o f this

department, to prepare a separate report to be attached to that o f the Home

Department. H is absence at the present time on a foreign tour makes this

impossible. The work for our young people is so varied and extensive and

involves such an amount o f detail that no attempt at a complete survey o f

its operations will be made this year. The main lines o f effort look to

the building up o f missionary interest in the Sunday schools, the young

people’s societies, and in young people as individuals. In the sphere o f the

Sunday school our attention has been given to the encouraging of the move­

ment looking to mission study as a part o f the regular work o f the school.

IO Home Department

Progress in this direction has been rapid, and, in cooperation with the Con­

gregational Sunday School and Publishing Society, a literature will soon be

produced so that any school desiring to devote a quarter’s lessons to mission

study will have suitable material. The w ork o f organizing, conducting, and

supplying mission study classes is another important function of this depart­

ment. In cooperation with similar departments in other Boards, through

the Y oung People’s M issionary Movement as a general clearing house, steady

progress is being made in mission study and in many other lines o f activity

for young people. Realizing that a great many of our young people, espe­

cially young men, are not connected with any young people’s organization

in their church, it has seemed necessary to make plans for reaching them in

special ways. H aving in mind particularly the importance o f interesting

the young men, Mr. Hicks has been released from his duties for a sufficient

time to make an extensive foreign trip. The main purpose o f this is to equip

him through a first-hand knowledge o f the missions for extensive work in

behalf o f the young men of our churches. The work which the Student

Volunteer Movement is accomplishing in securing missionary recruits needs

to be duplicated among the young men o f the churches in behalf o f the

better support o f those who go abroad. W e consider that in the future such

a line o f activity is likely to prove the leading function of this newest of

our departments.

Adm inistrative Matters

The Prudential Committee organized at the beginning o f the year by the

election o f Rev. Edward C. Moore, d .d ., as Chairman, and Rev. E. E.

Strong, d .d ., as Clerk. During the year thirty-one meetings were held, it

being possible in every instance to obtain a quorum. The discussions around

the committee table have not differed m aterially from those o f other years.

T he Committee secured from the Massachusetts legislature an amendment

to our charter, in accordance with the instructions o f the Board at North

Adams, by which we are permitted temporarily to fill any vacancies that may

arise in executive offices or in the Prudential Committee until the following

meeting o f the Board. Although one o f our number, Rev. E. H. Byington,

was compelled to resign his membership, it did not seem best to make use of

the new privilege by designating any successor. The consolidation o f the

work o f the foreign departments under a single secretary has worked advan­

tageously, notwithstanding the fact that the Senior Secretary, Rev. James L.

Barton, d .d ., has been absent during much o f the year on the China

Deputation.A uxiliary Societies

It is hardly necessary for us to repeat year after year our sense of

appreciation o f the- splendid work being done by the W om an’s Board,

W oman’s Board o f the Interior, and W oman’s Board o f the Pacific. The

steady and increasing stream o f contributions coming from the women of

our churches is the best possible tribute to the efficiency o f these auxiliaries.

T o the Board o f Missions for the Congregational Churches o f Canada, to the

Congregational Sunday School and Publishing Society, the Am erican Bible

Society, the Am erican T ract Society, and the National Arm enian and Indian

Relief Association, we again desire to extend heartfelt thanks for assistance

of the utmost value in the line indicated by the purpose o f each society.

Necrology

W e have the sad duty o f reporting that the following Corporate Members

have died since the annual meeting o f 1906: —

D. W illis James, m .a . , of N ew York, elected in 1871; Rev. Charles A.

Dickinson, o f California, elected in 1886; Edward P. Ingersoll, d .d., of New

York, elected in 1894; James B. W illiams, o f Connecticut, elected in 1896;

Charles P. Peirce, o f New York, elected in 1897; Richard B. Borden, o f

Massachusetts, elected in 1904; and W arren M. Crosby, o f Kansas, elected

in 1904.

This is a distinguished list, including, as it does, men of national reputa­

tion who have rendered valuable service to the Board in personal ways and

have also contributed generously to its funds.

In view of the special relation to the Board of Mr. D . W illis James, as

Vice-President from 1897 to 1900, and as a Corporate Member since 1871, it

is fitting that we should make particular mention of our appreciation of him

and his valuable services to the Board. Although concerned in business

affairs o f great magnitude, and giving him self freely to numerous religious,

educational, and philanthropic organizations in the home land, he kept his

eyes open to the needs o f the world at large, and throughout his life made

the foreign w ork of the church one of his leading interests. He was ever

ready to receive the missionaries and officers o f the Board and listen to their

problems sympathetically and to extend the aid o f his advice or financial

help. He followed with deep interest the work of the missions, and watched

the financial and administrative side of the w ork with equal care. Gentle and

retiring in manner, independent in judgment and firm in purpose, Mr. James

stood among us at these annual meetings and throughout the year as one of

the most valuable members the Board has possessed in its long history, a

Christian business man of exemplary qualities, who may well serve as the

type o f the corporate members we should seek to bring into the Board in

the future. (Prospects

Tw o new factors in the home work claim our attention as we look out

into the future. They are the Laymen’s Missionary Movement and the

Apportionment Plan o f Church Contributions. W e consider both to be timely

and to promise well for the future.

Laymen’s Movement. W e may consider the new interdenominational

movement among laymen as the direct fruit o f our Haystack Centennial.

Early in our preparations for the meeting at North Adams and Williamstown

it became apparent that some celebration o f an undenominational nature was

desirable. The suggestion o f such a meeting in New Y o rk City in November

arose from our Board, and all the arrangements were entered into with our

hearty cooperation. The meeting, although offering a remarkably rich pro­

Home Department " n

12 Home Department

gram, did not attract as large numbers as was hoped for. The significant

thing, however, was that it was made the occasion for a gathering o f business

men, out o f which sprung the Laymen’s M issionary Movement. The original

suggestion o f this new agency was from one of our Congregational laymen

o f Washington, D. C., Mr. John B. Sl'eman, Jr., and the Am erican Board

was honored by the selection of Mr. Samuel B. Capen as its president. It is

not necessary here to go into details as to the plans for this organization,

the more so as its merits and possibilities are to be set forth in connection

with the program of this meeting. But the Prudential Committee and officers

o f the Board desire in this report, as they have already by resolution, to wel­

come the movement as a providential help at the opening of the new century

o f modern missions.

Apportionment Plan. W e welcome also the plan for a better recognition

and distribution o f the financial obligation of the churches towards the

foreign work. The National A dvisory Committee, after carefully surveying

the entire field o f Congregational benevolent enterprise, recommended to the

churches the raising o f $2,000,000, o f which the American Board should

receive $860,000. This with the estimated sum from legacies, etc., would

give a million dollars a year. Our quota, with the sums for the other benev­

olent societies, was apportioned, not as a tax, but as a fraternal suggestion,

to the various states through their associations, with the request that they

in turn in some appropriate w ay apportion to the local churches. In many

states this was done, and we hope the returns, which cannot be tabulated until

after January 1 , 1908, may prove that the plan has been immediately beneficial.

Unfortunately a number o f the states were unable to take action in time

for the plan to be set to work this year. T he w ay would seem to be open

for the apportionment to be generally adopted for 1908, and we shall watch

the outcome with great interest.

So fa r as we know the churches quite generally favor such a definite and

fa ir distribution o f responsibility. Certain obvious dangers, such as too great

reliance upon elaborate method rather than upon spiritual motive, over­

riding the autonomy o f the local church, limiting rather than freeing the

spirit o f benevolence, should be avoided without difficulty, and the plan prove

a real instrument o f the Spirit.

These two new factors we rejoice in. They help encourage us for the

future. There are other signs o f promise among the churches; but we would

remind ourselves with each passing year that the hope o f this great enter­

prise is not in human contrivance or aims, but in the unchanging promises of

God and the help o f the ever present Christ. Our true source o f strength

is not difficult to find. It is not fa r away or o f doubtful value. W e may say

to ourselves, on the home side o f this work, as we do to the people o f other

lands to whom our missionaries go : “ Say not in thy heart, W ho shall ascend

into heaven? (that is, to bring Christ down) or, W ho shall descend into the

abyss (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead) ? But what saith it? The

word is nigh thee, in thy mouth, and in thy heart; that is, the word o f faith,

which we preach.”

N E W E N G L A N D D IS T R IC T — A N A L Y S I S O F D O N A T IO N S , 1906-1907

States.

M aine..................

New Hampshire .

Vermont . . . .

Massachusetts . .

Rhode Island . .

Totals

262

187

213

609

43

1,314

g |

c o 3 o¡3

132

14G

1C9

535

135

1,017

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

thro

ugh

gene

ral

offer

ing

to

Amer

ican

Boar

d.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

only

by

Sund

ay

scho

ols.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

only

by

Y. P

. S.

C. E

.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

only

by

W.

B. M

.

A. B C. F. M. W . B. M.

Lega

cies

.

Tota

ls.

Chur

ches

an

d in

divi

dual

s.

Sund

ay

scho

ols.

WÜin

PM> So

cietie

s an

d in

divi

dual

s.

Sund

ay

scho

ols.

Y. P

. S.

C. E

.

I ll 3 6 21 $8,838 $259 $37 $4,911 $161 $179 $21,219 $35,604

135 3 3 11 12,119 326 204 3,083 78 16,265 32,135

152 2 3 17 8,445 308 313 5,209 49 220 3,249 17,793

507 3 6 28 122,038 2,828 2,420 52,248 768 867 82,311 203,480

30 5 4,199 225 78 6,679 143 193 5,466 16,983

935 11 18 82 $155,639 $3,946 $3,112 $72,130 $1,121 $1,537 $128,510 $365,995

Hom

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epa

rtmen

t

14 Home Department

REPORT FROM THE MIDDLE DISTRICT

Rev. Charles C. Creegan, d .d ., District Secretary, makes the following

report from the Middle District (including Connecticut and Ohio and the

Middle and Southern Atlantic States, with office at the Congregational

Rooms, Fourth Avenue and Twenty-Second Street, N ew Y o rk) : —

A fte r nearly twenty years o f service as field and district secretary,

by vote o f the Prudential Committee I was granted a leave of absence for

the purpose o f inspecting missions o f the Am erican Board primarily and—

for purposes o f comparison— the work of other societies in many lands. This

trip which has just closed has required ten months o f time and about forty

thousand miles o f travel. It is due to the friends o f our beloved Board,

especially the pastors and other co-workers within the bounds o f the Middle

District, that a brief report o f your Secretary’s “ spying the lands over the

seas” be made in this connection.

In company with Dr. A . N. Hitchcock, o f Chicago, I sailed from New

York, October 20, and after ten months and ten days of constant travel

through Austria, Bulgaria, Turkey, Syria, Egypt, India, Ceylon, the Philip­

pines, China, Korea, Japan, and Hawaii, I resumed my duties August 30, 1907.

I have occasion for profound gratitude that during this long journey— during

which I have embarked on twenty-six different steamers, crossing nearly as

many seas, and have traveled many thousands o f miles by rail, not to speak of

experiences on bandies, jinrikishas, and many other kinds o f conveyances—

there has been no sickness or accident worth naming.

The results o f my tour, embracing visits to twelve of our missions and

forty-seven mission stations, not to mention many outstations, include also

something o f the work o f twenty other societies, such as the Am erican Metho­

dists, North and South, Wesleyans, Baptists, Church Missionary Society, and

the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; the London Missionary

Society and the Presbyterians o f England; Free Church o f Scotland, United

Presbyterians, Canadian Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, Baptist Missionary

Union, Southern Baptists, Protestant Episcopal, Presbyterian Church in the

United States, Southern Presbyterians, United Brethren, Methodist Protes­

tants, and the International Young Men’s Christian Association.

I f agreeable to the pastors and churches, it will give me great pleasure—

as time and strength may be given to me— to tell what I have seen and heard

o f the triumphs of the gospel in the lands beyond the sea and in the “ isles

which wait for Him,” especially of the great work committed to the care of

the Am erican Board.

Care of the Office during the Year. The office in N ew Y o rk was placed

under the supervision o f Dr. C. H. Patton, Home Secretary. F or a brief

time the field work was under the immediate care o f Rev. Henry G. Bissell,

o f the Marathi Mission, India, who was succeeded for three months by Rev.

John J. Banninga, o f the Madura Mission, India, who in turn was su cceed ed

by Pres. W illiam M. Zumbro, o f the Am erican College, Madura. I am

M ID D L E D IS T R IC T — A N A L Y S I S O F D O N A T IO N S , 1906-1907

States.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es.

1Nu

mbe

r of

chur

ches

co

ntrib

utin

g fro

m al

l so

urce

s.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

thro

ugh

gene

ral

offer

ing

to

Amer

ican

Boar

d.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

only

by

Sund

ay

scho

ols.

N um

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

only

by

Y. P

. S.

C. E.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

only

by

W.

B. M

.

A. B. C. F. M. W. B. M.

Lega

cies

.

Tota

ls.

Chur

ches

an

d in

divi

dual

s.

Sund

ay

scho

ols.

Y. P

. S.

C. E

.

Socie

ties

and

in­

divi

dual

s.

Sund

ay

scho

ols.

Y. P

. S.

C. E

.

Connecticut.................................... 332 291 256 4 4 22 $54,976.06 $1,584^06 $787.89 $30,339.94 $584.38 $1,105.22 $15,011,49 $104,389.00New Y o rk ........................................ 298 208 140 4 3 56 36,233.84 1,280.21 432.09 11,460.43 434.64 354.49 18,226.74 68,422.44O h i o ............................................... 253 173 122 2 4 40 13,962.20 472.76 282.00 7,709.56 308.42 293.12 4,405.91 27,433.97Pennsylvania................................. 116 45 26 11 1 5 3,409.65 218.70 119.14 1,958.10 11.00 22.10 2,537.50 8,276.19New J e rs e y .................................... 43 26 20 1 4 . 6,119.57 329.75 164.00 3,680.79 5.00 12.25 250.00 10,561.36Maryland, Dist. Columbia, Vir­

ginia, and West Virginia . . . . 18 10 6 1,574.44 99.11 193.00 1,031.90 58.00 139.25 3.095.70Southern S ta te s ............................. 216 42 21 3 1 3 766.05 50.31 67.60 317.55 13.00 1,204.51

Totals ..................................... 1,276 795 591 24 18 130 £117,041.77 £4,034.90 *2,035.72 $56,498.27 $1,401.44 $1,939.43 $40,431.64 $223,383.17

M

Hom

e D

epa

rtmen

t

i 6 Home Department

under great obligations to all the gentlemen named above, each o f whom in

turn rendered faithful and efficient service. I am, however, under especial

obligations to Miss Elizabeth M cM anigal— for several years office assistant—

for the care o f the books and all details o f the office; her faithfulness and

efficiency have won for her hearty commendation.

Analysis o f Donations. W ith this report, we present the table o f receipts

according to the uniform plan which has been agreed upon for the entire

field. Those who care to compare the receipts with previous years w ill note

a considerable shrinkage from the report o f last year, with the exception of

N ew Jersey and Pennsylvania, which states o f the dozen included in the

district report an increase over last year o f $718.93 and $1,602.01, respec­

tively. Perhaps this was to be expected, since last year was the centennial

o f the H aystack and a strenuous campaign was conducted, exceptional in

several respects. Then, too, the force o f field workers was reduced, and since

the debt o f the Board had been canceled, there seemed in the minds of

many less need for the large gifts— gifts which meant sacrifice such as did

great honor to the constituency o f the society the previous year. I f only the

friends o f the Board could look into the colleges and schools, churches and

chapels, hospitals and dispensaries o f the several missions as I have seen

them; could sit in council with these heroic men and women whom we have

sent to the front and whose work we have pledged our honor to support;

could see them surrounded by the faithful native workers whom they have

trained, trying to enter fields ready for the reapers with a force altogether

too small in numbers— if only our friends in the churches who have the

L ord ’s money and who are his servants could see all this, it would be impos­

sible that another such financial report as this should ever be presented at

our Annual Meeting.

A s we turn our faces toward the future, as we glance again at the great

field— open for the reapers— as we hear the cry from every mission station

for reenforcements, is not this the time to consecrate mind, heart, and purse

to the work o f bringing the world to Christ?

REPORT FROM THE INTERIOR DISTRICT

Rev. A . N. Hitchcock, p h . d . , D istrict Secretary, makes the following

report from the Interior D istrict:—

A considerable portion o f the past year has been occupied, in company

with Dr. Creegan, in an extended visitation o f our own and other mission

fields. D uring that time Rev. I. M. Channon, o f our Micronesian Mission,

has rendered good service in superintending the work o f this district. His

fam iliarity with the work in M icronesia has given special effectiveness to

his public addresses, thus illustrating again the great desirability that those

whose chief responsibility lies in the direction o f diffusing missionary infor­

Home Department i 7

mation and awakening interest among the churches should have opportunities

for first-hand observation and study on the mission fields.

The Cooperating Committee was organized early in the year and consists

of the following gentlemen: E. H. Pitkin, Esq., chairman, Rev. W . E. B ar­

ton, d .d ., M. A. Dean, Esq., David Fales, Esq., Frank Kimball, Esq., H. H.

Kennedy, Esq., Rev. J. F. Loba, d .d ., Thomas C. MacMillan, Esq., and Rev.

F. N. W hite, d .d . They have had quite a number o f meetings and have given

substantial help in holding conferences, in personal gifts, and in keeping up

missionary interest among the churches.

E arly in the year the Home Secretary, with Rev. A . J. Lyman, d . d v Vice-

President of the Board, visited this district, Dr. Patton spending several

weeks here, mainly in field work, making his headquarters at the Chicago

office. During that time important conferences were held under his direction

in six or seven different states, a number of able pastors and laymen heartily

cooperating. The plan provided that each conference should be attended by

some member o f the Cooperating Committee, while Mr. Channon was also

present to represent effectively the side of the missions. Mr. Hicks has like­

wise given substantial help through his presence at the M ichigan Conference

and at conferences in Nashville and Lake Geneva in the interests of the

Young People’s Missionary Movement.

O f returned missionaries, the following have made one or more addresses

in this district: Rev. Francis W . Bates, formerly o f East A frica, Rev.

Henry G. Bissell, Rev. John J. Banninga, Dr. Frank V an Allen, Rev. F. E.

Jeffery, of India, and Mrs. Charles A . Nelson, o f China.

A n effort has been made, with some success, to introduce among the

churches an Apportionment Plan agreed upon in a conference of the Home

Department held in Boston immediately after the last annual meeting. The

plan is reasonable and practicable, but experience has shown that only by

concerted action and by ceaseless agitation will it be widely adopted and sus­

tained. First of all the plan must be so thoroughly worked out that practi­

cally all the pastors and churches will in theory approve it. Then no serious

antagonism will be encountered, and the field will be clear for the hard,

steady work required for its general adoption.

There is evidence that the year has been a busy one at the Chicago office.

Considerable quantities o f our new literature have gone into all parts of the

district, and there has been a much larger demand for stereopticon slides

than ever before.

Financial

The total receipts in this district from all sources have been $188,996.45,

as compared with $206,698.26 for the year preceding. Analysis of the

figures shows that there has been a loss in donations to the American Board

of $14,504.88, a gain in donations through the Woman’s Board of $4,045.96,

and a loss in legacies of $7,242.89. But when we compare the receipts o f the

year just closed with other years we find that there has been a gain of

$21,495.56 during the past year as compared with the average o f donations

00

IN T E R IO R D IS T R IC T — A N A L Y S I S O F D O N A T IO N S , 1906-1907

States.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

from

all

sour

ces.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

thro

ugh

gene

ral

offer

ing

to

Amer

ican

Boar

d.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

only

by

Sund

ay

scho

ols.

Num

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

only

by

Y. P

. S.

C. E

.

N um

ber

of ch

urch

es

cont

ribut

ing

only

by

W.

B. M

. I.

A. B. C. F. M W. B. M. I.

Lega

cies

.

Tota

ls.

Chur

ches

an

d in

divi

dual

s.

Sund

ay

scho

ols.

Y. P

. S.

C. E

.

Socie

ties

and

indi

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Sund

ay

scho

ols.

Y. P

. S.

C. E

.

1 Ind iana ..................................... 57 33 1 1 1 2 16 $389.85 $60.00 $36.50 $820.61 $73.14 $102.00 $1,482.102 M ich ig a n ................................. 334 175 1(X) 2 18 40 6,379.13 352.76 325.75 7,442.91 182.51 404.77 $1,037.50 16,125.333 I l l in o is .................................... 349 293 171 8 17 86 42,831.34 778.97 864.08 31,703.51 510.12 1,546.90 1,221.83 79,456.754 W isconsin................................. 267 17!) 120 3 4 37 5,334.38 144.20 102.19 6,620.43 197.99 496.05 856.38 13,751.625 I o w a ........................................ 313 223 131 2 17 71 5,576.89 199.83 220.33 9,164.64 378.55 850.24 52.57 16,443.056 Minnesota ............................. 218 145 79 4 7 47 6,886.53 237.85 181.00 5,602.61 532.52 466.33 1,500.00 15,406.847 Missouri ................................. 75 «1 32 1 17 4,067.39 95.49 84.09 4,752.72 109.90 135.01 9,244.608 K a n sa s .................................... 1G8 110 37 5 3 49 1,842.70 68.91 77.45 2,559.15 138.18 484.65 5,171.049 N ebraska ................................. 199 122 74 1 5 23 3,030.50 181.85 265.60 2,062.94 227.21 162.95 5,931.05

10 North D a k ota .................. 160 57 40 1 1 11 706.69 26.16 18.04 440.15 69.30 28.68 1,289.02U South Dakota ...................... 169 117 57 4 2 49 894.69 75.35 64.15 1,440.49 71.16 119.05 2,664.8912 C o lo r a d o ................................. 92 4!» 25 1 3 1(1 2,287.30 185.62 73.82 2,166.67 57.22 191.05 4,961.6813 W yom in g ................................. 15 7 3 3 61. G2 9.37 257.24 13.00 341.2314 Montana . . .......................... 15 7 1 1 1 80.95 2.00 15.00 34.25 4.12 136.32

Hom

e D

epa

rtmen

t

I N T E R I O R D I S T R I C T — A N A L Y S I S O K D O N A T I O N S , Continued

S o u t h e r n M i s s i s s i p p i S t a t e s

<2 a sO

Kg M l :

ÏÎ >> J *a *

A. B. C. F. M. W. B. M. I.

States.

K3J30 u01J3E3& N

umbe

r of

chu

cont

ribut

ing

fro

sour

ces.

N um

ber

of ch

u co

ntrib

utin

g th

i ge

nera

l of

ferin

Am

erica

n Bo

arc

Num

ber

of ch

u co

ntrib

utin

g on

Su

nday

sc

hool

s.

Num

ber

of ch

u co

ntrib

utin

g on

Y.

P.

S. C.

E.

N um

ber

of ch

u co

ntrib

utin

g on

! W

. B.

M.

I.

Chur

ches

an

d in

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dual

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Sund

ay

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ols.

WÜwCM

> Socie

ties

and

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als.

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. S.

C. E

.

Lega

cies

.

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ls.

15

1G

T e x a s ........................................

Indian Territory )

30 1 0 4 2 $152.96 $ 2 .0 0 $ 1 0 .0 0 $164.96

17 Oklahoma 170 26 G 4 1 1 G 14,502.42 $1.91 262.63 $52.26 $41.75 8 8 .0 0 14,948.97

18 A rk an sas ................................. 4 2 1 10.00 $ 1 0 .0 0 . . . . 20.00

If) L ouisiana................................. 29 7 3 1 105.75 42.10 5.00 152.852 0 K entucky................................. 1!) r, 4 . . 131.40 3.00 17.00 1.70 153.102 1 Tennessee............................. 43 0 2 1 1 110.57 5.00 1 0 .0 0 125.572 2 Alabama ................................. 21 17 11 2 224.00 2G.48 11.00 . . 261.4823 M ississip p i............................. G 3 1 GO.00 4.00

(700 miscel.)64.00

700.00

Totals................................. 2,<;r.:î 1,054 911 41 84 484 $95.G67.06 $2,493.85 $2,366.00 $76,054.95 $2,618.88 $5,029.43 $4,766.28 $188,996.45

Hom

e D

epa

rtmen

t

20 Home Department

from all sources for the past five years, and a gain o f $12,256.84 in dona­

tions to the Am erican Board directly as compared with the average for the

same period. This is certainly encouraging as showing that the reaction

from the extraordinary appeal o f last year has been much less than some

anticipated.

The number o f churches contributing from all sources during the past

year in this district has been 1,654, as compared with 1,723 for the year

preceding, while the number taking public collections for the direct work of

the Am erican Board has been only 911 during the past year, as compared

with 1,093 during the year 1906. These figures would indicate that the small

churches have not been contributing quite so generally during the past year.

A partial explanation may be afforded by the fact that during 1906 342

churches contributed only through the W oman’s Board, while during the past

year the number has increased to 484. It seems to me important to bear in

mind the fact that the general public collections o f the churches are the main

dependence of the Am erican Board, and it is highly undesirable that these

general offerings should in any w ay be diverted.

A s your Secretary returns to the work of the Home Department in the

Interior District, after some months among the mission fields, it is with a

new impression of the tremendous urgency of this work for the unsaved

nations and of the sublime opportunities now opening for its prosecution

along many lines. The destinies o f our race are plainly swinging upon the

faithfulness of the Church o f Christ at home and abroad in obeying his

commandment. And the destiny of the church itself is also involved. May

the vision and the faith and the consuming zeal of the apostolic age break

forth among us anew.

G E N E R A L S T A T E M E N T

1906

Donations of churches and individualsthrough A. B. C . F. M. . . . $108,984.12

Donations of Sunday schools throughA .B . C. F. M ...........................................3*377-5°

Donations of Christian Endeavor Societiesthrough A. B. C. F. M. . . 2,670.17

-------------------- #1 i 5 ’c

Donations of missionary societies throughW . B. M. I ................................................ #72,333-23 $76,054.95

Donations of Sunday schools through W .B. M. 1....................................................... 2,289.11 2,618.88

Donations of Christian Endeavor Societiesthrough W . B. M. 1................................5,034*96 5,029.43

--------------- 79,657.30 ---------------- 83,703.26L e g a c i e s .......................................................... 12,009.17 4,766.28

1907

$95,667.06

2493-85

2,366.00 1 .7 9 ------ ; -------- $100,526.91

Total $206,698.26 $188,996.45

Home Department

REPORT FROM THE PACIFIC COAST DISTRICT

Rev. H. M elville Tenney, District Secretary, presents the following report

from the Pacific Coast District (including Northern and Southern California,

Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Alaska,

and H a w a ii): —

The Financial Campaign

The financial campaign of the year was pushed vigorously to prevent a

slump in receipts after the remarkable advance of last season. W e dared to

aim as high in the first year o f the new century as we did for our Centennial

Million and, while we did not reach the mark, the returns from the whole

district show a decrease of only a little more than nine per cent from last

year. A s compared with 1905-06 the receipts from the Pacific coast, not

including H awaii, advanced more than twenty-four per cent. A legacy and

considerable gifts from individuals brought Arizona into new prominence.

Southern California, also, by virtue o f legacies and large individual gifts,

retained her lead among the local division of the district, while the First

Church of Oakland, by its individual and membership offerings of $5,066, led

all the churches and reached the high-water mark of its giving for the Am eri­

can Board. Oregon also made a gain over last year, largely through the

increased offerings of the First Church of Portland. The decrease in W ash­

ington was occasioned mainly by the lack o f the special individual gifts of

last year.

WorK and WorKers

The plan of the campaign was, as usual, formulated by the Cooperating

Committee (Rev. C. R. Brown, Dr. George C. Adams, and Mr. J. L. B arker),

and the Secretary. This was adopted by the Local Committees and followed

up by special appeals to the churches in every part of the district. The ad­

dresses of Mr. Bissell in Northern California, Oregon, and Washington were

a most effective aid in opening the campaign. Rev. W alter T. Currie also

did excellent service in W estern Washington during November. In the ab­

sence o f Rev. E. Lincoln Smith on the W estern Washington Committee, the

work of Dr. Sydney Strong was greatly appreciated. The loyal cooperation

of the Local Committees has been a large factor in the success o f the year.

Special Efforts

The effort o f the Home Secretary to secure individual support of mis­

sionaries by men in the district has been successful in two instances, at

least, and other negotiations are in progress.

A special attempt to interest the Sunday schools of the district, while par­

tially successful, disclosed the need of cooperation between our denomina­

tional societies to prevent duplication o f appeals during the same months of

the year.

22 Home Department

The Woman’s Board o f Missions for the Pacific

The work o f the W oman’s Board of the Pacific in all its branches shows

consecration, energy, and decided enterprise- Southern California, W ashing­

ton, and Oregon made considerable financial gains over last year.

The Office Business

The distribution of literature indicates but a slow demand for most o f the

publications o f the Board, but an increasing call for such leaflets as, “ Do

Y ou K n ow ?”

The business function of the Secretary has been exercised as usual during

the year, with a multiplicity o f details to meet the requisitions from our

missionaries in Japan, China, and Micronesia.

The effort to make an advantageous sale o f the Morning Star, now

lying in Oakland Creek, has not been successful, but she has been kept in the

best o f repair at small expense, and we trust erelong w ill find a purchaser.

The care o f missionaries passing to and from the Orient through the port

of San Francisco has called for more than usual time and effort, on ac­

count o f the disturbed condition still existing. The commissioning of Miss

Grace A . Funk in November was the second instance o f such a service on the

Pacific coast, and was made an impressive and inspiring occasion by the First

Church o f Oakland.

The Future

Looking to the future, the Secretary awaits with interest the result

of further deliberations as to the adoption o f the Apportionment Plan.

In general, the proposal has been well received on the Pacific coast and can

be made a good working basis for the future, if the apportionment for the

Board is not scaled down too low.

The further extension o f mission study among our young people is

greatly to be desired, and the spread o f the Laymen’s Movement among our

busy men engaged in great secular undertakings is an imperative necessity

i f this greatest enterprise in the world is to go forward as it ought. The

winning o f the non-contributing churches is a problem that requires not only

increased persistence and patience, but some better method than we have yet

discovered.

The work of the district, in the field and office, has been constant and

strenuous. W e are grateful for the success o f the past and we “ greet the

future with a cheer.”

P A C IF IC C O A S T D I S T R I C T — A N A L Y S IS O F D O N A T IO N S , 1906-1907

States.

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A la s k a .................................' . . . 4 1 . . £20.00 , t £20.00

Arizona ........................................... 7 1 £975.00 . . . . £1,144.00 2,119.00California, N orthern...................... 130 77 62 3 3 5 8,341.11 £197.20 397.70 £2,923.18 £20.00 £138.50 506.50 12,524.19California, Southern...................... 85 58 38 2 14 7,250.67 178.33 229.00 3,859.19 326.02 299.00 1,537.00 13,679.21Idaho ............................................... 25 8 5 2 88.52 21.15 4.50 57.75 171.92N eva d a ........................................... 1 1 1 51.95 4.44 5.00 61.39New Mexico .................. . . . 5 1 10.00 . . 10.00

O r e g o n ........................................... 50 39 18 1 16 1,189.62 27.83 23.00 522.60 62.40 35.00 1,860.45U t a h ............................................... 9 4 4 135.96 4.00 . . 58.50 198.46W ashington.................................... 154 70 54 2 1 6 4,312.62 86.79 37.15 908.70 167.00 7.35 5,519.61

T otals ................................................ 470 260 182 10 4 41 £22,355.45 £519.74 £716.35 £8,329.92 £575.42 £479.85 £3,187.50 £36,164.23

H a w a ii ............................................j £2,388.05 £180.00 £2,568.05

- Total . . . £38,732.28

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THE MISSIONS

WEST CENTRAL AFRICAN MISSION

B a i l u n d u . — W esley M. Stover, W illia m C . B e ll, Ordained; Mrs. Lena G. B e ll,

Mrs. Marion M. Webster, Miss Elizabeth B . C a m p b e ll.

K a m u n d o n g o .— William H. Sanders, Ordained; Mrs. Sarah B. Sanders, Miss Nellie J. Arnott.

C h is a m b a .— W alter T . Currie, d.d., Ordained; William Cammack, m .dv Physician; Mrs. Amy J. Currie, Mrs. Sarah L. Cammack, m.d., Miss Helen J. Melville, Miss Mar­garet W. Melville, Miss Diadem Bell.

O c h i l e s o . — Henry A. Neipp, Ordained; Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp.

S a c h i k e l a (Bagster).— Frederick C. Wellman, m.d., Merlin Ennis, Ordained; Mrs.

Lydia J. Wellman, Mrs. Elisabeth Logan Ennis.

In this country.— William E. Fay,1 Thomas W. Woodside, Ordained; Mrs. Annie M. Fay, Mrs. Emma D. Woodside, Miss Sarah Stimpson, Mrs. Bertha D.

Stover, Miss Emma C. Redick.

Five stations; 18 outstations; 9 ordained men, one a physician; 9 w ives; 8 single

women; 12 unordained native preachers; 33 native teachers; 11 other native helpers; 3 churches, 2 entirely self-supporting: 309 members, 29 added on confession this year;

17 places of regular meeting: average congregations, 3,15s; 4 Sunday schools: 1,222

pupils; 22 common schools: 2,082 pupils, of whom 1,045 are girls. Owing to incom­

plete statistical reports the above figures are made up in part from last year’s returns.

Many changes have occurred in this mission within the year. Mr. and

Mrs. Fay have been compelled to return home on account of the serious con­

dition of Mr. F ay ’s health.1 Mr. Woodside, whose furlough was long over­

due, has also come home, accompanied by Miss Redick, who comes for her

regular furlough. Dr. and Mrs. Currie and Mrs. Webster, after a period of

rest in this country, have returned to their field of service. Miss Stimpson

and Mrs. Stover were forbidden by their physicians to return to A frica last

spring, as they had expected to do. The mission has received reenforcement

in Mr. and Mrs. Cammack, both of them physicians, sent out by the Canadian

Missionary Society to the Chisamba station. Mr. and Mrs. Bell, who had

previously been allied with our mission at Chisamba, after a period of study

in this country were appointed as missionaries of the Board, and sailed in

May last. Miss Elisabeth R. Logan, whose appointment was recorded last

year, has, since her marriage to Mr. Ennis, joined the mission at Sachikela.

Bailundu.— The station has suffered much from the depletion of its mis­

sionary force, Mrs. Stover and Mrs. Webster being in the United States, and

Mr. and Mrs. Fay being obliged to leave in the middle of the year. There has

been at the central station much depression; the people have open before them

1 Close upon the presentation of this report at the annual meeting, at which Mr.

Fay was present, came the sad tidings of his death, which occurred in a hospital at

Cleveland, Sunday afternoon, October 13, following an operation undergone the day

before.

25

20 West Ceti trai African Mission [Report

many chances for gain, and this fact has diverted attention from the spiritual

work to some extent, but this is not the case at the outstations. Miss Redick

and Miss M argaret Melville, the former from Ochileso and the latter from

Chisamba, have come to the aid o f this station and rendered excellent service.

Miss M elville dispensing medicines in the absence o f Mr. Fay.

The press has not been idle, but under native care has accomplished a good

work. An A frican cook book, compiled by Miss Campbell, was printed, and

is now in circulation. Sunday school lessons, prepared by Mr. Stover, have

been issued monthly as heretofore.

The three schools on the station under the care of Miss Campbell have an

enrollment of 294; while three elders of the church taught a school each in

his own village, a mile or so from the station premises, having an enrollment

o f 121. W hile the lack of marked growth is deplored, it can be stated that

there has been no falling away, while 7 have been added to the church on

confession. The class of catechumens numbers about 50.

Mention is made of several outstations of Bailundu, chief of which is

Epanda, twelve hours from Bailundu, which has been in charge of Joseph,

with several assistants of his own training. Here the school enrollment is

255; boys and men, 158; girls and women, 97; the class of catechumens num­

bers 25, and the church building, accommodating 250 people, will not hold all

who come. A t Cimbele, three hours from Epanda, Abraham is the chief

evangelist, and has associated with him a brother and a brother-in-law who

report a school numbering 54. with a class of catechumens numbering 12.

Other outstations give similar reports, though numbers are not so large. In

the general summary of the station the total number under instruction in

station, village, and outstation schools is given as 853, and the regular preach­

ing places, 9. W ith the coming of Mr. and Mrs. Bell and the return of Mrs.

Webster, it may be confidently expected that the work at this station will

receive a new impulse.

Kamundongo. — Mr. and Mrs. Sanders and Miss Arnott have had the sole

care o f the station during the year. There has been great need of a medical

man at the station, but Mrs. Sanders has dispensed medicine morning and

evening to patients, numbering from 8 to 14 persons; these patients come

from the outstations, and some of the cases are such as require much time

and care. The press has also been under Mrs. Sanders’s care. One thousand

copies of the Book of Genesis have been printed and bound; a primer of 154

pages has also been prepared, and a hymn book reprinted in an edition of

2,000 copies. Three young men have worked upon the hand press, which is

so small that but two pages can be struck off at once. Miss Arnott has also

assisted at this work.

The outstations have been visited, even the distant ones three or four

times, and 15 members have been added to the church.

The A fricans are much given to changing their places o f residence.

One reason for this is that the land after protracted cultivation, with no

proper enrichment, fails to yield good crops, and the people seek a district

where the land is not exhausted. In addition to this natural tendency special

West Central African Mission 27

reasons exist why the people o f Kamundongo have been inclined to remove

to some new locality. The near presence of some white traders who have

been especially hostile to the missionary movement had its effect, and it is

now about certain that the whole Christian community will find their home

elsewhere. A large number of the people have already left the station, having

found an attractive site at Gamba, which is north of Chisamba, some sixty

miles distant. Mr. Sanders favors removal to that place, and probably within

a short time such a transfer may take place. Miss Arnott, who has had

special care of the schools, reports the total enrollment in the schools as 189.

Chisamba.— The absence from the station of Mr. and Mrs. Currie on fur­

lough in Am erica has made it necessary to make m an y changes for the care

of this station. Mr. Woodside consented to leave Ochileso temporarily until

the return of the Curries, but was compelled, by reason of ill health, to come

to Am erica in M ay last. A fter he had left, members of the English mission

in that vicinity kindly came to have an oversight of the station. W hen Mr.

and Mrs. Fay were compelled to leave Bailundu for America, Miss M argaret

Melville left Chisamba for the relief of that station. Though the force at

Chisamba has thus been weakened, the Sunday and week-day services have

been carried on as formerly.

The order of Sunday services is something remarkable. An early morn­

ing prayer meeting is conducted by the natives; at nine o’clock the Christian

Endeavor Society holds its session, while the old men meet with the mission­

aries ; at ten o’clock the general public service is held, with an average attend­

ance of about 500; this service is followed by the Sunday school, and

practically all who come to the other services remain for this. In the after­

noon there is a woman’s prayer meeting, and simultaneously a children’s

meeting. A goodly number of voting men divide into groups and go to the

surrounding villages to hold services. Sunday evening is devoted to the

reports of those who have thus visited different points. A t these villages

the total congregations number as many as those that were gathered at the

large morning service at the central station. On week days morning prayers

were attended at sunrise, evening prayers in the girls’ compound, and also a

general meeting for the rest of the station. The two catechumen classes,

which meet during the week, number about 75, most of them candidates for

church membership. A s to the schools, there is a kindergarten with an enroll­

ment of about 90, a boys’ school, and a school for women and girls. The

enrollment in each of these is about 100.

A house for the ladies has been built during the year, the work of which

was done by the industrial department, involving a large amount o f labor.

The accomplishment of this task was a surprise to the foreigners who saw

what the natives had done. It has been commonly said that “ a native would

not work o f his own accord, and that he could not be taught to labor.” A n

English gentleman who was investigating the matter of the slave trade in the

district, on seeing this building said he was convinced that free labor was

cheaper than slave labor.

The principal outstation of Chisamba is Ciyuka, where Chief Kanjumdu

28 West Central African Mission [Report

has ruled in such a Christian way. On a day when the communion service

was held there there were present, by actual count, 822 persons. Sad to say,

this Christian chief, Kanjumdu, has been arrested and held a long time in

prison on the charge o f having set fire to the house o f a white man who came

to settle within the region. The hostility o f the Portuguese authorities is

shown by the rigor with which they treat this brave Christian leader, who

holds fast to his faith, refusing to confess to a crime which he never com­

mitted though he is robbed of all he possesses. From this outstation 10 or

12 have been admitted to the church, and 4 classes for catechumens are held,

with a total membership o f 150. There are various schools in connection

with the outstations o f Chisamba, having a total enrollment o f 629, in which

are employed 18 native teachers.

Ochileso.— Mr. and Mrs. Neipp have held this station alone for six months,

M iss Redick having been called to the aid o f the Bailundu station. Sickness

has been less prevalent at the station than in the neighboring villages on

account o f the better drainage which has been secured. The people are

coming in large numbers to the services, and it has been necessary to remove

partition walls in the house to accommodate the growing congregations. The

erection of a church building is under consideration. The people are ready

to come to the services, which are held not only on the Sabbath but on week

days. D aily evening prayers have been held. A t the end of last year a

general awakening was experienced, marked by confession of sins and hearty

repentance, and the entrance upon a better life. Mr. Neipp reports that some

of the meetings held can never be forgotten because of the deep spirit of

consecration which marked them. Twenty-three new catechumens were one

o f the results o f the revival. The young native Christians are ready for

w ork and visit groups of villages in the vicinity, holding services and bring­

ing the most thoughtful ones to the meetings at the central station. Miss

Redick reports that there were 20 in the kindergarten school, and aside from

other classes of men and women the general school held in the afternoon had

an enrollment of 115.

Sachikela (B ag ster).— Announcement was made in the last report o f the

opening o f this new station, which was occupied in March o f 1906 by Dr. and

Mrs. W ellman and Mr. Ennis. W e are not able to report much concerning

this station save that the site more and more meets the approval o f those

who located there. The altitude o f the station is about 6,000 feet above sea

level, and it is in proximity to a great many villages. The excellent soil and

ample water supply have made Sachikela, in the judgment o f those who have

visited the place, an ideal spot for a mission station. The work of building

went on prosperously, and the people manifested a great friendliness. The

prospects were extrem ely bright for the future when, without warning, there

eame an order from the Portuguese commandante o f the district forbidding

the opening of a mission station at that place and the prosecution o f mission­

ary work. It was asserted that no new station could be opened and no Chris­

tian work prosecuted without the express permission of the Portuguese

authorities. Our missionaries are law-abiding men, and, while maintaining

i9°7] South African Mission — Rhodesian Branch 29

their right to settle as individuals where they please, they have abstained

from the holding o f public services and from opening schools. Efforts have

been made both at the office of the provincial governor in Angola and at the

Colonial office in Lisbon to secure the withdrawal o f the order, and intima­

tions have been received that this order w ill not be strictly construed; but

as yet no formal withdrawal has been obtained. In the meantime Dr. and

Mrs. W ellman find enough to do at the station, and are greatly pleased with

the character of the people who come to them and with their eagerness for

instruction. They hold their family prayers on the veranda of their house,

which is ordinarily filled with natives, and they are waiting for the day when

full freedom shall come for the proclamation of the gospel.

During the year Mr. Ennis left the station, coming to America, where he

was married to Miss Elisabeth Logan, and together they have gone to Sachi-

kela and are now established at the station. They are greatly interested in

the character o f the people among whom they hope to spend their lives.

Another year a much fuller report may be expected from Sachikela.

SOUTH AFRICAN MISSION

Rhodesian Branch

M t . S i l i n d a .— T h o m a s King, Ordained; W illiam L. Thompson, m .d . Physician;

Columbus C. Fuller, Tcacher; Mrs. Estelle R. King, Mrs. Mary E. Thompson, Mrs.

Julia B. Fuller, M iss Minnie Clarke, Mrs. Julia W inter Hatch.

C h i k o r e .— George A. W ilder, d .d ., Ordained; Mrs. Alice C . Wilder.

M e l s e t t e r .— M i s s H . J u lie tte G ils o n .

On leave o f absence.— W illiam T. Lawrence, m .d ., Physician; Mrs. Florence E.

Lawrence.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Mr. John E. Hatch.

Am ong the changes in the mission force within the year was the marriage,

in July last, of Miss W inter to Mr. John E. Hatch, who has been connected

with the South A frica n General Mission in Rhodesia. Mrs. Hatch remains

for the present in care of the Mt. Silinda school, and Mr. Hatch is employed

by the mission in evangelistic work. Miss Gilson, after her furlough in

America, has resumed the charge of the Chimanimani School at Melsetter,

which during her absence was efficiently cared for by Miss Minnie Clarke.

Miss Clarke has now received appointment as a missionary and will be located

at Mt. Silinda. Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence are still in England, the former not

yet having completed the medical studies required to secure a certificate to

practice in Rhodesia.

EVANGELISTIC WORK

A t Mt. Silinda the services have been well attended during the year, more

people being present than can be well accommodated. The native kraals

have been visited with some regularity, but it is still true that the people are

not eager to hear the gospel. Thirty-three have been received into church

fellowship during the year. S ix kraal services have been kept up by the Zulu

workers and the Christians in the church. W hat is needed is a larger force

o f efficient native workers. The present greatest need is a church building.

The church members are much interested in the plan to procure such a build­

ing and have contributed very liberally according to their means. A girls’

dormitory has been built, covered with an iron roof. The printing press,

which has been unused prior to the present year, has been put in operation

and a Chindao hymn book has been printed by it.

A t Chikore the church has increased to a membership of 50, 13 of whom

were added last year. This is a remarkable advance within the period of

four and a half years. Am ong the additions are 4 old women and 1 man, who

is a leading native and one of the brightest and best o f his tribe. Christian

growth is evident among the church members, and there has been no occasion

for discipline in connection with any o f the members o f the church. The

people are building better houses, and the external conditions are manifestly

improved. From this station Mr. W ilder and those who labor with him have

made six regular tours to distant points, aside from their weekly visitations

in the vicinity o f the station farm. These trips have been over a region of

forty miles from this station, north and west and south; sixteen different

tribes having been visited. In most o f these tribes little interest was mani­

fested, but in three o f them the chiefs manifested a decided interest and

expressed their willingness to accept Jehovah as their God. Not less than

50 individuals publicly declared their purpose to be Christians, and some of

them seemed to be truly converted.

The report speaks o f the death o f Henry Mbesa, a Zulu helper who had

won for himself a good name by his devoted service— an able preacher and

a zealous evangelist; “ a fine example,” Dr. W ilder says, “ of what the Zulu

Mission has done for the second generation of its converts.”

A t Melsetter the Sunday service has been maintained regularly. The boys

in the schools have manifested much interest in Christian truth. One of the

native young men has gathered the lads for Christian instruction; another

has gone every Sabbath afternoon to the native police camp to hold service.

EDUCATIONAL WORK

The school at Mt. Silinda has been very prosperous under the care of

Miss W inter, now Mrs. Hatch, the number in the boarding school being 108,

with 31 day pupils. M any of the older boys in the boarding school come from

long distances, some of them from Beira, where they were so badly treated

and in such peril of imprisonment and from the lash that they made their

escape to this place, which was to them a haven of rest where they could

study without molestation. Their zeal as students and their devotion as

Christians are most impressive. Some of these boys were wild heathen when

at the coast, but the Spirit o f God has reached them and brought them into

an altogether new life. Some of the older boys from this school have gone

to the mines, where they can make good wages, and it is an interesting fact

that, through the influence of these students, some whom they have met at

30 South African Mission — Rhodesian Branch [Report

the mines have been led to come to Mt. Silinda for the purpose o f receiving

an education. The interesting fact is noted that, though in previous years

no Ndao girls had become church members, within the last two years no less

than a score have joined the church. This is evidently a spiritual advance

among these scholars. From Chikore the report comes that, taken as a whole,

neither the parents nor the children are anxious for education; nevertheless

the station can report that the boarding school has an attendance of 41,

20 of them being girls. The whole number of scholars registered is 118,

65 boys and 53 girls. It is recorded that a well-grounded fear o f lions and

a plague of locusts interrupted the sessions of the school for three weeks.

A t Melsetter the Chimanimani School has been in full operation. Miss

Gilson reports that a family of twenty-five is as large as can be accommodated

in the present unsuitable buildings. The standard of scholarship has been

gradually raised, and parents are coming to see that it is best to keep their

children continuously in the school. The excellent service of Miss Clarke

during the past year is gratefully recognized, and the religious life o f the

pupils has never been more marked than at present.

INDUSTRIAL WORK

The industrial department of the mission has its main work at Mt. Silinda,

and Mr. Fuller, who is the head of the department, speaks of last year as

being the best o f any in the history of the mission. A t the same time, the

limitations under which he labors are manifold and depressing. It has been

possible during the year to unpack and set up the larger part of the machinery

which was sent out when Mr. Fuller joined the mission. The printing press

has been put in operation, and a Chindao hymn book has been printed. The

sawmill has turned out more lumber than in any previous year. The car­

penter’s shop has done some good work through the use of the machinery

which has been made available. This department has aided materially in the

construction of the new dormitory for the girls’ boarding school and in the

building for the hospital under the care of Dr. Thompson.

In field work it is said that a larger crop of corn has been raised than

during any previous year. The boys in the schools are required to work five

hours a day to pay for their food and shelter, and in this w ay much work can

be accomplished. But the need of another leading man in the industrial

department is most manifest, and Mr. Fuller pleads for the sending of such

a man at the earliest possible moment. Tw o more men would be desirable to

do the work that is now being attempted, “ if the traditions of the past are

to be maintained, that any boy or girl can come here without money and earn

an education by his own labor.”The industrial work at Chikore is by no means insignificant. Aside from

sewing classes, brickmaking, and roadmaking, reference is made to the

sawing of a thousand feet of lumber and the manufacturing of benches,

doors, tables, etc. A very good dwelling house has been built, and other

buildings have been constructed.

1907] South African Mission — Rhodesian Bra?ich 31

3 2 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Report

MEDICAL WORK

This department is in charge o f Dr. W illiam L. Thompson, who has been

indefatigable in labors, amidst inadequate conditions for the carrying on

o f his work. D uring the year the room for a dispensary has been floored

and supplied with doors and windows, but is still incomplete. The walls of

the H ariot M ay Raine hospital ward are up and the roof is on, but this also

is incomplete. Nevertheless, under these unsatisfactory conditions, Dr.

Thompson can report that he has treated 916 cases, making 1,619 attend­

an ces. O f the patients, 490 were students and 249 were missionaries, or other

white people who were resident of or passing through the district. There has

been an improvement in the amount o f fees paid, and altogether the outlook

is cheering, if only better provision could be made for the rooms for hospital

and dispensary.

SOUTH AFRICAN MISSION

Zulu Branch

A d a m s (Am anzim toti).— Charles N. Ransom, Albert E. LeRoy, George B. Cowles,

Jr., Ordained; Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom, Mrs. Rhoda E. LeRoy, Mrs. Am y B. Cowles,

Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman.

I f a f a . — W illiam C. W ilcox, Ordained; Mrs. Ida B. W ilcox.I m f u m e .—

U m z u m b e .— M iss Laura C. Smith, Miss A lice E. Seibert.

D u r b a n .— Frederick B. Bridgman, Ordained; James B. McCord, m .d., Physician;

Mrs. Clara D . Bridgman, Mrs. M argaret M. McCord.L i n d l e y . — Stephen C. Pixley, Ordained; Mrs. M ary K. Edwards, Miss Fidelia

Phelps, Miss M artha E. Price, Miss Martha H. Pixley.U m s u n d u z e .—

E s i d u m b i n i .— Charles H. Maxwell, Ordained; Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell.

G r o u t v i l l e (Um voti).—

M a p u m u l o .—

J o h a n n e s b u r g .— Herbert D. Goodenough, Ordained ; Mrs. Caroline L. Goodenough.

B e i r a .— Fred R. Bunker, Ordained; Mrs. Isabel H. Bunker.

In this country.— James D. Taylor, Ordained; Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor, Miss

Caroline E. Frost.Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Martha J. Lindley,

M iss M ary C. Pixley, Miss Lilia L. Ireland, Miss Alice H. Smith.

Mr. and Mrs. Bridgman have returned to the mission, both much refreshed by

their furlough. Mr. and Mrs. T aylor are in this country, taking furlough after their

first term of service. Miss Frost’s health requires her to remain still longer in this

country.

Thirteen stations; 21 outstations; 10 ordained missionaries, one a physician; 10

w ives; 6 single wom en; 13 foreign workers not under appointment; 8 native pastors;

16 other native preachers; 89 teachers; other native laborers, 372; a total of 485

native laborers. There are 231 places for regular meetings; 25 churches, 1 7 of which

are entirely self-supporting. The communicants number 4,860, o f whom 326 were

added last year. The average attendance is 10,890, and the adherents number 16,980.

The mission has 1 theological school, with 7 students; 63 other schools, with a total of

3,964 under instruction.

The seventy-second annual report of the Zulu Mission makes mention of

only slightest changes in the personnel of the missionary force. There have

1907] South African Mission — Zulu Branch 33

been no reenforcements from Am erica. Rev. and Mrs. F. B. Bridgman

have returned to the mission after furlough in Am erica, and Mr. and Mrs.

J. D. T aylor have been compelled by the state o f their health to take their

furlough somewhat earlier than would otherwise be necessary. Miss Hattie

Clark resigned her connection with the mission and is expecting to labor

among the colored people of the South, where her abilities and experience

will render her an efficient laborer.

The mission reports that the year has been the most eventful and exciting

of any in its history. The rebellion which marked the year was more serious

in its consequences in many, if not all, respects than the Zulu W ar of 1879 or

the Boer W ar o f 1899. Tw o of our mission stations have been devastated,

and it is estimated that 3,000 native people have been killed. It has been a

time of great testing for the native church, and it is confidently believed that

notwithstanding the trials to which they have been subjected they are stand­

ing the test well, and that it w ill yet be seen that God had some wise and

benevolent purpose in the providences which have marked the year.

It may be well, first of all, to refer to the political situation growing out

of the attitude o f the N atal government toward the churches allied with our

mission. Mention was made last year o f the levying of the tax o f £3 upon

each hut on the mission reserves, a rate o f taxation which was regarded

as not only exorbitant, but altogether contrary to the purpose for which the

reserves were granted. This tax aroused greatest indignation against the

government on the part of the dwellers pn the reserves, who prior to this

had had no sympathy with the rebellion— a rebellion having its origin far

away from all mission districts, among the heathen, under Bambata. But

on most o f the reserves there were Zulus, not Christianized, though some o f

them wear the clothing o f Christians, but still thorough heathen; and still

others who were in attendance on Christian worship, though not church

members. It was through these non-Christian Zulus, dwelling side by side

with church members, that the spirit of wrath and rebellion was aroused.

The tide of revolt swept suddenly over two of our mission stations,.

Esidumbini and Um sunduze; sad to say, the dwellers on these reserves, includ­

ing some church members, attempted to resist the government troops and fell

in the great slaughter which ensued. The disaster came so suddenly and

unexpectedly that it seemed as if total destruction had befallen the people

and the places. It was at this juncture that the governor o f Natal, in a com­

munication to the British Foreign Office, wrote that “ out of the two large

mission stations o f Esidumbini and Umsunduze, in V ictoria County, in charge

of the American Board, only one native preacher and three of their followers

have remained loyal to the government, and that the whole of the other con­

gregations. have joined the rebels in the field against u s” ; to which state­

ment the governor added, “ That whatever good work the Am erican Zulu

missionaries have done in the past, their congregations are now beyond their

control and are a danger to the government.”

This statement has since been wholly disproved, based as it doubtless was

upon the first report of the military officer concerning the engagement at

3 4 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Report

Esidumbini, and it turns out, on careful examination made by the mission­

aries on the spot, who examined the roll o f church members, knowing person­

ally both those who were involved and those who were not, that only nine

o f the forty-seven male members o f the Esidumbini church joined the rebels,

and possibly half a dozen from the other stations. So far from the truth is

the governor’s statement “ that the whole of other congregations joined the

rebels in the field,” it can now be affirmed that o f the twenty-four churches

which can properly be regarded as connected with the mission, only these two

which have been mentioned are charged with disloyalty, and the fact has been

clearly shown that o f the twenty-four preachers who can properly be regarded

as connected with the mission not one was disloyal. Most o f these preachers

remained quietly at their posts, while three o f them worked for the govern­

ment with great risk to their own lives.

The fact needs to be recorded here that the attitude of the Colonial govern­

ment is distinctly adverse to our missionary operations through fear o f Ethi-

opianism, under which name it designates all efforts to elevate the native

population by giving them power to act independently in the support and con­

duct o f schools, churches, or institutions o f any kind that are not under the

direct authority o f white men. Our mission in Natal is as much opposed to

Ethiopianism as the N atal government itself can be. Our missionaries have

used their whole influence against this pernicious movement, but the govern­

ment officials insist upon it that our Congregational polity, which allows

independence to the churches and power to regulate their own affairs, is

Ethiopianism. It refuses to recognize the distinction between friendly over­

sight and absolute authority. The native churches o f our mission are glad of

missionary supervision, but they have been taught that they are not under

missionary authority.

W hen the ministers of these churches, regularly ordained and approved

men, ask for a legal license to solemnize Christian marriages, the government

refuses because there are no ecclesiastical authorities that are responsible for

them.

In a document addressed as a reply to the remonstrances of our mission­

aries in regard to obstructions placed upon their work, the acting prime

minister states that “ the true interests of missionary work can only be prop­

erly served by qualified white missionaries being resident at and controlling

each station.” Such limitations are absolutely prohibitive to the work of the

Am erican Board on any large scale in A frica or elsewhere. I f a mission

cannot raise a native church self-supporting, self-propagating, and self­

expanding, it must fail in the work o f evangelization given to it by a higher

than human authority.

The attitude o f the N atal government on points now named is more than

a handicap to the work of the B o a rd ; it seriously threatens its overthrow.

It is pleasant to be able to report in view of remonstrances made that the

government abated the exorbitant hut tax imposed upon residents o f the

reserves, reducing it from £3 to £1 10s. It is to be hoped that influences

may be brought to bear to change the attitude o f the government on other

points now referred to.

1907] South African Mission — Zulu Branch 35

Turning now to the detailed report o f the mission, .it is with great

gratitude that it can be said that, notwithstanding the reductions of its force

and the great strain to which the members o f the mission have been subjected,

there have been no serious sicknesses and none of the missionaries have fallen

by the way.

EDUCATIONAL WORK

Allusion is made to an effort begun in December, 1905, to secure a South

A frican College, to be established by the several states for giving higher

education to native students. The petition has been sent to the government

in reference to such a college and the people have been asked to provide funds

for the institution. It is a notable fact that from the natives alone gifts have

been received o f not less than $90,000 toward this institution, and the Natal

government has made a g ift o f $10,000. The future of this movement will

be watched with great interest.

The educational work of the Zulu Mission has three departments— the day

schools, the three seminaries or high schools, and the theological school.

The day schools allied with our mission number 59, with an enrollment

of 3,655 pupils, more than half of them girls; these are all under the efficient

supervision of Mr. Cowles. The government does not initiate work in the

schools, but it aids the work which is established by others.

The superintendent o f education in the colony says in his report, “ The

missionary o f all denominations with the assistance of government has been

pioneer of education in heathen Natal, and his efforts have brought him

xnore kicks than ha’pence” ; and he adds, “ During the year now ending 10,000

native boys and girls have been under instruction in the various mission

schools, but no less than 190,000 are still uneducated and densely ignorant.”

In reference to the part borne by our mission in this educational work, the

government instructor o f native schools in his report commends “ the Am er­

ican Board of Missions for employing a supervisor and agent who has spared

no effort to make school work a success and with considerable effect.”

The fact is recognized that our mission is taking the lead in native educa­

tional work, but there is very much more to be done. Three distinct lines are

mentioned in which advance is required. First, better teaching in the day

schools; second, more thorough supervision; third, better buildings and

equipments. The fund obtained from Reserve rents is available for the build­

ing of new and better buildings on the reserves, and there is a brighter

prospect for these schools in the days to come.

Teachers’ conferences have been held, which are of great value, and

arrangements have been made for a teachers’ institute which will cover a

period of about four weeks.

TH E THREE SEMINARIES

The report o f the year shows that, notwithstanding the unusual trials of

the year, there has been more than usual success. The w ar has not closed

these schools, though the war and its attendant evils and the cattle disease

36 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Repor

have slightly decreased the attendance in the schools; but there has been at

advance in the standards o f scholarship.

The Amanzimtoti Seminary.— This seminary, which is the high school o:

the mission for boys, has had a prosperous year. Mr. LeR oy and his asso

ciates have succeeded in raising the tone o f the institution. The averag<

attendance o f the year has been 65, the instruction being given in Standard:

from I V to V II , inclusive. The classes in the lower standards have been abol

ished, so that the seminary has as pupils only those who are in training foi

teachers or are taking advanced work, thus putting the institution upon 1

higher grade than it has heretofore been. Miss H art, an educational expert

has aided in the work of the school for a portion o f the time, especially in th<

line o f training prospective teachers. The religious tone o f the school ha:

been gratifying, and the principal reports that the discipline o f the schoo

has been excellent and the w ork o f control delightful.

The Inanda Seminary.— T he teaching staff has been virtually the same a:

in previous years. Mrs. Edwards, after her nearly forty years o f service

is unable to take part as she has previously done in the work o f teaching

but her presence and influence are greatly valued. Miss H art, the educationa

expert, who has aided in other schools, has given instruction at Inanda foi

nine months as a teacher o f teachers, and the methods she inaugurated have

been adopted in the institution. The Misses Hitchcock also have for a tim(

given valuable service in Bible lessons and in singing. Miss Martha J

Lindley has also continued her aid, which is highly appreciated.

Industrial work has been carried on successfully, the scholars in Standard:

from III to V spending twenty-five hours weekly in manual work, either ii

sewing, laundry work, or housework. The laundry is feeling the effects oi

the general business depression in the colony; yet there has been as nrucl'

work as could be well done. In the field work the corn crop was the larges

ever gathered, amounting to about 500 bushels, enough to supply the large

fam ily with corn-meal mush twice a day for the last part o f the year. Thi

gardens were m ercifully delivered from serious damage by locusts.

One of the best results that can be recorded is the quickened spiritual life

on the part o f a large number, and there have been several conversions

which have given much encouragement to all in charge o f the seminary.

Umzumbe Seminary.— The most notable event of the year has been the

total destruction by fire, on September 25, of the teachers’ home at Umzumbe

In the short space o f one hour the building and all it contained was swepl

aw ay by the flames. The girls in the school, however, with surprising alacritj

rescued some articles which were within their grasp. Through the generosity

of friends personal losses have been repaired in a measure and new wardrobes

have been provided, and the work of the school has gone forw ard success­

fully. The W oman’s Board o f Missions has generously made a grant oi

$4,000 for the rebuilding o f the house, and the work has already been begun.

The question of removal to some other spot was debated at length, but the

conclusion was unanimously reached that the Umzumbe Home should be

continued at the old stand.

I9°7] South African Mission — Zulu Branch 37

There has been an average of 80 pupils during the year. Miss Frost has

not as yet returned from her furlough. Miss A lice Smith has prolonged

her stay with her sister, who is the principal, and Miss H art has rendered

service here as at Amanzimtoti and Inanda in normal training. The health

of the students has been good, and they have shown their energy by the

organization of a literary society, which is entirely under their care. More

than half o f the food needed in the institution is provided by the school

gardens, in which the work is done by the pupils. W hile literary work has

received the best o f attention, the spiritual needs have not been neglected.

Revival meetings have been held with the help of local preachers, and special

evangelistic services have been held by Mr. M axwell for over four days.

The Amanzimtoti Theological School.— This is entirely distinct from the

Amanzimtoti Seminary, though located at the same place. This school has

had 7 fine young men as pupils, who have received instruction during eight

months, and the work under the charge of Messrs. Ransom and Taylor has

been full o f interest and profit. ' The unusual strain put upon the mission

on account o f the disturbances at Esidumbini and in that vicinity necessitated

the absence of both Messrs. Ransom and T aylor for a much longer time than

was desirable, but the closing exercises o f the school gave gratifying evidence

of the thoroughness of the instruction received by the students. This school

is the crown of the educational work o f the mission, and its value cannot

be overestimated. The report says:

“ A large and interesting class is seeking admission next term, a larger

class than has ever entered before and of superior fitness. Some are former

graduates o f the boys’ seminary, and others have long been looking forward

to the time when they would be free to give themselves to three years of

Bible study— just the class of men most desirable for such a course. The

eagerness which some of them have shown to reach this place of learning

borders on the pathetic. The long journey taken by two o f their number with

wives and children and household goods, only to find that they had come at

an inopportune time and must retrace their steps and wait for another year,

deeply stirred our sympathies. But, alas, the school is not to open, nor can

it open until our reiterated pleas for more mission workers have been heard

and answered, and some one from over the seas has come to take up this

work. H ow many more years w ill this eager class be willing to wait, and

where are the men for our advance movement for which the tribes in the

interior are w aitin g?”

The demand is made by the Natal government that organized work for

the native population shall be conducted only where there is a resident white

missionary, this necessitating for the present, at least, the closing of this

school in order that those who have it in charge may employ their time in

the supervision o f the work of the churches in various parts of the colony.

It is a necessity much to be lamented.

TH E STATIONS

■ Umzumbe.— A t this southernmost station o f the mission the church reports

a prosperous year. The pastor, Rev. Mr. Mabuda Cele, who has served most

3 8 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Report

acceptably as preacher or pastor there for more than twenty-five years, has

been called to the church at Pretoria in the Transvaal and has accepted the

charge. A native o f the place, a young man of excellent spirit, is acting

pastor at present. The church has a membership o f 272 and an average

attendance at worship of over 700. Connected with the station are 10 out-

stations and preaching places; 18 have been received into the church the

past year. The pastor speaks with high appreciation of the help which Mis?

Smith, the principal of the home, has given the church in the reorganization

o f the Sunday school and in taking a class o f men.

Newtonville is an outstation of Umzumbe, on the western boundary of

Natal, and reached from Umzumbe by a two days’ journey on foot. It has

been a promising center o f work for some years. The story o f this outstation

is given in the general letter o f the mission as illustrating the conditions

tinder which the native agency is endeavoring to conduct its w ork: “ An

Umzumbe graduate of the theological school was appointed to the place and

his relations with the people were most harmonious. H e became very happy

and enthusiastic in his work both as evangelist and school-teacher. In due

time a call was given him to settle among the people as their pastor. Plans

for enlargement were made, a stone schoolhouse was going up, and they were

hoping for a fine school under government support, as well as evangelistic

work in all the neighboring kraals. A home for the prospective pastor had

been provided, and arrangements were made for the family to come. A t this

juncture a government official appears on the scene and the arrangement is

forbidden. The people are left shepherdless, and the intended pastor is bereft

of his charge and forced to look elsewhere for occupation.’’

Umtwalume.— This church, which has been without a pastor for two or

three years, has now extended a call to Rev. Mr. Sivetye, who for sixteen

years has been pastor o f the Esidumbini church, where he made a notable

record for loyalty in the late rebellion. He finds a wide and interesting field

at Umtwalume, having the largest church, save one, in the mission. It is

here that a band of young men was organized as volunteers some seven years

ago to conduct evangelistic work in the kraals and at central points in the

region.

I f afa .— Mr. W ilcox, the missionary resident at Ifa fa , has had general

oversight o f the w ork on the south coast. This has been quite too much of

a burden, inasmuch as he has been required to spend half of his time upon

the revision o f the translation of the Bible; yet he has visited Umzumbe,

Umtwalume, Newtonville, and outstations connected therewith, requiring 1,400

miles o f riding, beside 1,000 miles of railway travel. These churches under

his charge have an enrollment o f over 1,700, and 70 members have been added

on confession of faith the past year. Evangelist Franson has held meetings,

and though but for two days, a quickening of the church activities resulted.

Amanzimtoti (Adam s) .— A ll the missionaries located at this station have

had their burdens much increased because o f the rebellion, which afflicted the

churches in the districts north o f them. Messrs. Ransom, Taylor, LeRoy, and

M axwell visited the burned and desolated districts, ministering as best they

1907] South African Mission — Zulu Branch 39

could to the scattered people. But good results have followed at Amanzimtoti

and its outstations. There is now a united church, and there are cheering

reports from all the outstations. ^This marks a great change for the better.

In the home church the spirit of the members is harmonious and earnest, and

there has been evident growth during the year. R evival meetings held by

Mr. Franson, and later on by the Misses Hitchcock, were very helpful. The

quiet and faithful ministry of the pastor, Joel Bulose, is especially mentioned.

The North Coast.— This district includes 8 churches, chief of which are

Esidumbini, Noodsberg, Umsunduze, Umvoti, and Mapumulo. Mr. Taylor

writes the report from this district, as he has done in previous years. W e find

some items of cheer in spite o f the general depression. It has been impossible

to give the oversight to this field which it should have had, and the results

of its inadequate care are seen in the disasters which have been reported

elsewhere. The missionary force has been totally inadequate to meet the

needs of the field. For four years Umsunduze has been without even a

native pastor, and the buildings and‘the congregations have suffered severely.

Itafamasi has been visited only occasionally by a missionary, whose attention

while there had to be devoted to the visitation of the day schools. The church

has a membership of 141, 22 of whom were received last year. The pastor,

Rev. J. Gobozi, is laboring most devotedly, holding meetings at the central

station and its 8 branches. The church has built a parsonage with nine

rooms — the women bringing water from the river and the men m ixing the

clay and plastering the house. Esidumbini and Noodsberg have in the past

been well provided with native ministers and have received missionary

supervision, but the terrible outbreak of the rebellion reduced these two

churches from self-support to dependency. Umvoti, whose native pastor was

deposed from the ministry three years since, remained without a pastor and

the church is decadent. Mapumulo is the brightest spot in the whole field.

Under an able native minister real progress has been made, but even here

missionary assistance is greatly desired.

W hile the hearts of our missionaries are sore over the desolation caused

by the storm of fire and destruction involved in the suppression o f the

rebellion, they are devoutly grateful for the unflinching loyalty of the native

preachers, and that only a small minority of the membership of the churches

in the rebellion district threw in their lot with the rebels. Mr. Goodenough,

from Johannesburg, spent three months away from his work, visiting stricken

people in the desolated region and winning all hearts by his devoted labors

in behalf of the sufferers. The attitude of the native people toward our

missionaries and mission work is most hopeful, and gives promise not only

of harmony but o f active cooperation to heal the wounds caused by the war.

Johannesburg.— Mr. Goodenough, who has the care of this station, has

been away from his home for half the time, and while at home has had work

not specially belonging to the Johannesburg field. Am ong the matters that

claimed his attention was the situation in Engonyameni, the interesting district

near Delagoa Bay. The beginning of mission work in this district was

described in the Missionary Herald for January, 1905. The Christian com­

40 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Report

munity there has prospered, but there have been difficulties between the native

preachers and the Portuguese authorities, the government not liking the hold­

ing of night schools, which, indeed, are liable to lead to some irregularities,

but which are regarded as necessary, inasmuch as the teachers, who receive

no pay for their services, could not leave their work in the daytime to teach.

Mr. Goodenough was able to interpose with the authorities in behalf o f this

Christian community, and now the native pastor at Mapumulo has been called

to take the lead o f this Christian district.

The three congregations in Johannesburg at N ew Doornfontein, M ayfair,

and Robinson Deep Mine have been maintained, though the evening schools

have fallen off somewhat in attendance. This is not to be wondered at, since

the government requires all natives without passes to be at home by nine

o ’clock, and the missionaries are not permitted to give out these passes.

Rev. E. H. Richards, o f Inhambane, had visited Johannesburg to look after

the natives who have come to labor in the Johannesburg mines from his

district; these people wrill attend the church and school under the care of

our mission. A t Germiston there has been some improvement, marked by an

increase in attendance and interest. The church in Pretoria at last has a

pastor, having called Rev. Mabuda Cele from Umzumbe. A t the reception

o f this pastor the house o f worship was packed with an interested audience,

and addresses were made, or interpreted, in English, Dutch, Zulu, and Sesutu.

Great harmony now exists between the church and people. Mr. Mabuda has

visited the Sheba mines, where there is a small offshoot o f the Pretoria

church.

Durban.— The work at Durban, though lacking the supervision o f a resi­

dent missionary for nearly twro years, has held its own as well as could be

expected. The business depression in the colony, and especially at this port,

has affected the demand for native labor, and the laborers from the interior

districts have not been as numerous as heretofore. The schools and the

congregations have, therefore, not been as large. The native pastor has

been faithful and devoted, seeking in every way the prosperity o f the central

church and at the nine outstations. The church membership now numbers

395. The new chapel and the fine modern dispensary are in close proximity

and both are beautiful and attractive buildings.

TH E MEDICAL WORK

For three months o f the year Dr. M cCord was absent as surgeon of a

native regiment engaged in suppressing the rebellion, striving to w ork for

peace and good order wherever the regiment went. The disturbances through­

out the colony have had the effect o f reducing the number of applicants

at the dispensary; the number of applicants for the year has been 3,300. On

the other hand, the fact that fifty per cent o f the patients are new applicants

shows that the medical work is more widely known, and now that peace has

been restored and better conditions prevail it is to be anticipated that the

applications for treatment will largely increase. A year or more ago Dr.

M cCord secured a site and the means for erecting thereon a hospital in the

1907] South African Mission— Zulu Branch 4 i

city of Durban, and was proceeding with the work when the residents in the

vicinity, who did not desire to have a native hospital established in so prom­

inent a place, brought suit in the supreme court, which rendered a decision

in accordance writh the wish of the remonstrants. The decision, however,

was successfully resisted before the same court, which removed the injunc­

tion, but left the costs of the litigation to be paid by the hospital funds — a

decision which seems very extraordinary. A s these costs amounted to between

four and five thousand dollars, there was nothing left for the erection of the

building, so that the work is at present at a standstill; but with such a

resourceful leader as Dr. McCord, it is not to be anticipated that this work

will always remain at a standstill.

Beira .— This station has special relations to both the Zulu and Rhodesian

Branches of the Am erican Board’s Mission in South A frica. Mr. Bunker

and his fam ily arrived at Beira in July, 1905, to inaugurate the work which

was to be specially supported under the name of the “ Ruth T racy Strong

Mission.” Though the opening seemed promising, and though Mr. Bunker

has labored indefatigablv, lie has met with obstructions which have threat­

ened the very existence of the work. The hostility of the Portuguese author­

ities at Beira has been constant. The story of the hindrances placed in the

way of the mission is quite too long for this report. Trouble began by the

arrest and imprisonment of a few young men who had been gathered into

a school. They were threatened with severest punishment if they were again

found in school. The Zulu assistant, Mhlanganiso, was imprisoned and put

in the chain gang. Appeal was made to the governor general at Lorenzo

Marquez, who promised that such interferences should cease. In view of

these promises the school was again opened, the boys having been assured

that it was safe for them to attend. But again they were arrested and beaten,,

and were warned to have no more to do with these foreigners, who w ere

teaching sedition. The controversy has continued, the young men being scat­

tered and living in constant fear of arrest and imprisonment. Some of them

have left for safer districts where they might pursue their studies. Mr.

Bunker is still in conference with the governor general and with the Am er­

ican consul at Lorenzo Marquez. It is admitted that by the laws of Portugal

and by international treaties the preaching of the gospel is not to be

restrained, while the schools must have governmental permission. N otwith­

standing the trials of the past two years it is believed that influences can be

brought to bear upon the local officials so that they will refrain from violent

opposition. Tim e and patience are needed to remove prejudices and to

demonstrate the good character of the missionary undertaking. A t the last

reports local officials were acting as they had done, and three of the men

who had aroused their opposition were still kept on the chain gang. In

leaving Beira to attend the annual meeting o f the mission, Mr. Bunker closed

what he was maintaining as a school because he did not deem it safe for the

boys to attend.

During his enforced idleness Mr. Bunker, in connection with the Zulu

helpers, has translated into Chindao, the mother tongue of the natives, some

30 T

.onff.

■.jK

ttwffm

n

42 European Turkey Mission [Report

hymns, the Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer, and the Sermon on the

Mount; also Luke’s Gospel has already been printed and the A cts o f the

Apostles is nearly translated. This work of translation is carried on in

common with the missionaries at Mt. Silinda and Chikore.

As to results, Mr. Bunker can point to twenty or more boys who have

learned to read and write in their own language, and to many more who are

studying in barracks and kraals with the aid of one who has been taught

in the school. W e can also refer to a company of other young fellows who,

debarred by opposition at Beira, have gone elsewhere and are in other schools,

giving promise o f future usefulness. He says, also, that every Sunday he sees

some whose faces indicate a change of character which cannot be attributed

to mere human influence. It is a time of trial for this Beira work, but there

is no occasion for despair. The good seed is not lost.

1907] European Turkey Mission 43

EUROPEAN TURKEY MISSION

M o n a s t i r . — W illiam P. Clarke, Ordained; M r s . Martha G. Clarke, Miss Harriet L. Cole, Miss M ary L. Matthews.

P h i l i p p o f o l i s . — George D. Marsh, d.d., Henry C. Haskell, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh, Mrs. Margaret B. Haskell.

S a m o k o v .— John W. Baird, Robert Thomson, Leroy F. Ostrander, Ordained; Mrs.

Ellen R. Baird, Mrs. Agnes C. Thomson, Mrs. Mary L. Ostrander, Miss Esther T .

Maltbie, Miss M ary M. H askell; James F. Clarke, d.d., and Theodore T . H olway,

Ordained; Mrs. Elizabeth H. Holway (all three residing at Sofia).

S a l o n i c a . — J. Henry House, d . d . , Edward B. Haskell, Ordained; Mrs. Addie B. House, Mrs. Elisabeth F. Haskell.

On the way out.— Miss Agnes M. Baird, Miss Inez L. Abbott.

In this country.— Miss Ellen M. Stone, Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Emma Baird.

Four stations; 57 outstations; 10 ordained missionaries; 9 w ives; 8 single

women; total missionary force, 27; there are 18 ordained native preachers; 12 unor­

dained preachers; 51 teachers; 6 Bible-w om en; 13 other native helpers; total native

helpers, 99. The mission has 17 churches, with 1,453 communicants; 62 were added

on confession during the year, and the average attendance was 3,283. In the 53 Sun­

day schools there is a membership of 2,535. There is 1 theological and collegiate

school, with 5 studying for the ministry, and 71 pupils in collegiate training; 3 board­

ing and high schools, with 154 female and 12 male students. The 25 other schools

have 327 boys and 251 girls in training, making a total number under Christian instruc­

tion in the mission of 820. N ative contributions for the support of their own work

amounted to 139,172 piasters, or $6,124.

Few changes have taken place in this mission in the past year. Miss Baird

has returned to resume her work at Samokov. Mr. and Mrs. H olway have

removed to Sofia, where evangelistic work can be carried on more advan­

tageously. Miss Clarke has come home for her regular furlough, and Miss

Stone is still detained in this country. Miss Abbott, newly appointed, has

gone out to work in the Girls’ Boarding School at Samokov.

PUBLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION

The mission issued during the year no new tracts, but printed new editions

of several old ones. Aside from these the chief work done w as: (1 ) The

44 European Turkey Mission [Report

completing o f the N ew Testament H istory; (2) the issue o f the “ L ife o f

Christ/’ in the words o f the four evangelists; (3) the issue of Part I o f

the second edition of the “ Method for Learning E nglish” ; (4) the announce­

ment o f P art II o f the same; (5) the announcement of the new edition o f

the “ Hymn and Tune B ook” ; (6) the issue of the tentative revision of Luke

(in which centered the chief interest o f the year).

The small Bulgarian-English and English-Bulgarian dictionary, published

by Rev. C. F. Morse in 1860, has long been out of print and secondhand

copies are prized like gold; but money has been so scarce for all the work

of the mission that the missionaries have studied the language by every sort

o f makeshift rather than to put their scant funds into a dictionary. Now,

however, Mr. Morse (retired) has come to the rescue of the mission again,

and after three years o f hard work has prepared a Bulgarian-English dic­

tionary of 20,000 words, the manuscript o f which he presents to the mission

as a free gift. Those who have examined the manuscript consider the

definitions admirable. It is hoped that the English-Bulgarian part, long since

prepared by Professor Panaretoff, o f Robert College, may be secured for

a moderate sum, and by the joint publication of his work and Mr. M orse’s

the mission may be supplied with what it ought to have had thirty years ago.

The present great exodus o f Bulgarians to Am erica and the introduction of

English into the university and some of the gymnasia by the Bulgarian

government will probably create such a demand for the dictionary as to

bring back the money put into it much sooner than could be expected from

most books o f its size.

The publication department closed the financial year with a debt o f

fT.47.59 ($211.30); this, in spite of the fact that the book sales exceeded

those o f the preceding year by £T.8o.6o ($357.86). The debt was due as

much to the necessity of purchasing large quantities o f printing paper, in

order to secure uniform ity o f paper for the whole “ Hymn and Tune B ook”

and another publication, as to the facts that receipts for job printing wrere

less by about £T.7 ($31.08) than the previous year and that the appropriation

received from the mission was £T.i2.88 ($57.19) less than the year before.

Some special gifts to the Zornitza made it possible for this paper (pub­

lished at Philippopolis) to continue its important evangelical work. The

number o f subscribers was about 1,200. This increase of 200 over the pre­

ceding year was due in part to the giving as premiums of 900 copies of

“ E xtracts from the Zornitza for 1876.” The editors of the paper are grateful

for the generous donation o f 500 francs from the Bulgarian Evangelical

Society. It is hoped that this paper can continue to live and work. A s Dr.

M arsh sa ys: “ It w as never more needed. It is the only organ of the mission,

and is one o f its few evangelizing agencies.”

Under this same heading of “ Publications” can be grouped the sales of

Bibles conducted in the various stations. The total number o f Scriptures sold

in the Samokov station for the year was 253. O f the receipts for these

sales £T.9.5i came through colporters and fT.23.55 through the book depart­

ment. In Salonica, Scriptures in 14 languages were sold, making a total

19°7] European Turkey Mission 45

o f 1,434, valued at $250. The value of other books sold was $142. About

1,600 free tracts were distributed. Philippopolis reports in its colportage and

book work for 1906, 2,074 copies and parts of Scriptures sold for about

<>6 liras; 1,345 mission books from Constantinople for about 26 liras;

besides large amounts o f books and tracts from Samokov, the Bulgarian

Evangelical Society, and the Methodist Mission. The New Testaments of

the new edition are going rapidly.

SAMOKOV STATION

The Field— About 125 x 75 miles greatest dimensions. Population,

355,000. V illages and towns, at least 853, of which 6 are occupied by Chris­

tian w orkers; 7 regularly visited; 5 occasionally visited. The colporters o f

Samokov and Sofia visit about 130. Some hamlets are rarely visited, even

by Orthodox priests. V illagers ignorant, though often pious. Cities corrupt.

Impure pictures abound. Church mainly formal, but now awakening. Clergy

themselves admit powerlessness. M any teachers infidels, members o f state

church for patriotism only. M any others Socialists or Tolstoyists. Evan­

gelistic work in this field necessarily small because of lack of men and money.

Field fo r c e : 4 preachers, 2 Bible-women, 2 colporters, besides missionaries.

The personnel remains the same, and the work is divided up in essentially

the same fashion as last year. Rev. Robert Thomson has continued in church

and publication work and in the preparation of the new edition of the Bible.

He has also taught systematic theology in the seminary. Rev. J. W . Baird

has given most of his time to teaching in the Collegiate and Theological

Institute, and has also continued to have charge of the woodworking depart­

ment and of repairs. Rev. L. F. Ostrander continues his work as director

o f the Collegiate and Theological Institute. He teaches a number o f classes

and acts as secretary of both station and mission. Rev. T. T. H olw ay teaches

in the institution, is station treasurer, and has charge of colportage, book

department, and field work. A ll the above, together with two Bulgarians,

take their turn in the preaching and other religious exercises of the local

■church. Miss Maltbie and Miss Haskell continue their work in the Girls’

Boarding School, the former as directress, the la tte r 'a s assistant. Both

teach in the school and also do much visiting in the towns. In addition to

the regular force, Miss Emma Baird is in charge of the kindergarten in

•connection with the Girls’ Boarding School. Dr. Clarke is domiciled in Sofia,

with his daughter, in the new kindergarten building. He has been energetic

during the year in distributing tracts and introducing Christian literature

into the prisons and hospitals o f the country. He is further striving to intro-

'duce temperance instruction into the public schools through the ministry.

M iss E. C. Clarke has charge o f the kindergarten in Sofia.

Evangelistic.— The outstations Dubnitsa, Stope, Kustendil, Banya, Koste-

nets, Ichtiman, Ludjene, Pirdope, and Zlatitza have been visited during the

year by missionaries, theological students, and lay workers o f Pastor Fur-

■nadjieff. The summary of days spent in touring is as follows: B y students,

74: by Pastor Furnadjieff and 2 lay workers, 115; by ordained missionaries,

*66; by the ladies, 13; total, 268.

46 European l'urkey Mission [Report

In Samokov outside opposition decreases. M any of the Orthodox towns­

people, army officers, officials, and others have repeatedly attended the Sun­

day service as well as the various lectures and entertainments. U nfortu­

nately, however, while there is much more tolerance, and while many approve

o f almost all that is preached, very few indeed of the outsiders are cour­

ageous enough to come out boldly on the side o f evangelical Christianity.

The average attendance o f the Samokov church has been 245; that of the

Sunday school, 205. Four were added to the church by confession. The

total amount contributed by the church was ¿T.82.23 ($361.81).

Sofia, the capital o f Bulgaria, with over 81,000 inhabitants, is the seat

o f the strongest church in thé Samokov station (96 members; 365 adherents;

255 average attendance on church; 120 at Sunday school). This church

reaches many students from both the gymnasia and the National University,

besides various other persons whose influence could count much for Christ.

E xtensive repairs have greatly improved the church building. It has been

only because o f the B oard’s financial situation that the imperatively needed

advance work in Sofia has not been made.

The Collegiate and Theological Institute.— The plan of bringing up the

course o f study to the standard o f the national gymnasia has been held to,

the first five classes having reached that standard.. There has been a

theological class this year with a membership o f 5.

In order to provide for the extra amount of teaching required by the

changes in the curriculum arid by the theological class some of the mission­

aries and Bulgarian teachers have taken on more work. The principal of

the Jewish school, who has had the highest class in French, was obliged

to leave about the middle o f M arch; one o f the growing needs in the teach­

ing force is an instructor who w ill take charge of the entire French

department.

The teachers this past year have joined with the ladies o f the girls’

school in organizing a teachers’ club, to meet once a month for social inter­

course and the stimulating discussion of various pedagogical, educational,

and school subjects and problems.

The school closed in July, with 67 students in attendance. O f these, 4

graduated in the scientific course. The general health o f the students has

been good; likewise the general conduct o f the students. Anything like a

general rebellious spirit has been happily absent, and factional strife and

partisanship have not been rampant. Most o f the students have manifested

a willingness to study and a good degree o f faithfulness in their work, even

though the new curriculum is proving a rather heavy load for some classes.

It is encouraging to note that those who have gone from the Institute to

other schools in the country have had no difficulty in meeting the tests of

those schools; that they compare more than favorably with their new fellow-

students in the character o f their preparation and work, and in general win

the approbation o f their new teachers for their ability and conduct. The

boys o f the Institute this year have shown the same spirit o f industry as in

other years. A ll the janitor work of the school has been done by them, and

1907]■ European Turkey Mission 47

also the care of the yard and the cutting and piling of the various wood

supplies o f the school and the missionaries’ houses. ' Twenty-eight have

worked in the printing offices and 28 in the carpentry shop. It is estimated

that this year the average amount earned by each student in the printing

office will be about $13.20.

It is to be regretted that no striking results in the religious life of the

students can be reported. A new feature in the Young Men’s Christian Asso­

ciation Sunday meetings was a series of biographical talks on Christian men

who have rendered signal service to their countries and the world. The

hours o f Sunday afternoon have been made bright and attractive to the boys

by the sessions o f their Sunday Club, under the leadership of Mrs. Ostrander,

and by the Sunday games in the home of Mrs. Baird. The gospel truth has

been constantly and faithfully presented through the Sunday sermons, in the

Sunday school, and in the morning and evening prayers. The claims o f

personal purity have also been presented again this year, and many of the

new boys have been enrolled in the league. A number of Christian students

have done faithful and effective work in visiting the sick and poor and in

distributing Christian literature. The students have taken an active part

in the work of the temperance society, going out into the streets to look for

those in a condition to need their help, and assisting the teachers in the giving

of public temperance entertainments. The school study hall has been placed

at the disposal o f the society. Public discussions have been held on such

topics as “ The Evils of Drinking,” “ Its Causes,” and “ Its Remedies.” These

have attracted large audiences and have called forth lively debates. The

free public lectures have also been continued.

Another phase of school activity deserves special mention. It is the

school fire brigade. For years the scholars have been the most effective fire­

fighting agency in the city, almost always first on the scene in case of need.

For their services in a recent fire a local factory sent them a cordial letter

of thanks and a present of $20, which is to be used for new equipment; and

the city council has voted that one of the city pumps may be kept in the

school yard for the use of the students in their work as a fire brigade. The

boys take great pride in the effectiveness of their organization under the

leadership of Mr. Baird. It is also to be noted that the students have

recently organized an athletic club for the practice of class drills in

calisthenics and of gymnastic feats.

“ A s to the future of the school,” writes Principal Ostrander, “ living at

this dying rate is very hard. A n adequate endowment should be secured so

that the necessities of the school can be met.” The school is worthy of a

good endowment, as its opportunities for doing good are very great, and as

it is the only evangelical institution for the higher education of Bulgarian

boys in the Balkan peninsula. The plan laid out for improvement and

enlargement should be followed up and the Institute made worthy o f govern­

ment recognition as a full gymnasium.

The Girls’ Boarding School was never so widely advertised in the press

of the country as a year ago, on the occasion of the seventieth birthday o f

48 European Turkey Mission [Report

the principal, M iss Maltbie. The papers announced the approaching jubilee

and wrote it up afterwards. One paper said, “ For training and discipline

the Am erican Pension for Girls at Samokov is unique in the country.”

The last school year closed quite successfully, 6 pupils receiving diplomas.

Considering the lack o f sufficient teaching force and the overcrowded state

o f the school the progress made has been quite encouraging. The kinder­

gartens have mustered 30 recruits, while the main school has received 92.

T hirty-four of the 65 boarders pay full board or more. Aside from a severe

case o f pneumonia the health of the school has been very excellent.

The decline o f fanaticism in Samokov is seen in the freedom with which

the town’s people patronize the schools. W hen Miss Clarke opened the first

kindergarten, nine years ago, her numbers were much depleted by the

opposition of the clergy. A t present the only fear of the people is that

they will not be able to get their children into the kindergarten because of

limited accommodations.

The school’s regular church contribution has been n o francs. The year

has seen some quite marked victories over self and a few seekers after the

light.

A s for the needs— “ Nowr faith is the substance of a new school building

hoped for, the evidence of classrooms and audience hall, dormitories, a

dining room, furnaces, cellars, and storerooms yet unseen. W e have faith.”

This school is facing a crisis, due to the new demands of the government

requiring teachers to have a university education. Thus far none o f the

teachers prepared by the school has attained the standard now set. It is

imperative that funds be secured to provide for the university education of

these Christian Bulgarian teachers for the Protestant primary schools.

Though the sum o f $375 would suffice to enable a competent young lady to

continue her studies at the U niversity of Sofia for a year, in most cases

the sum of $250 would probably be needed each year for three or four years.

MONASTIR

Evangelistic.— This station, where Rev. W illiam P. Clarke is at w ork for

the Bulgarian-speaking people in Turkey proper, has succeeded in securing

an unusually well-qualified native pastor in Rev. L. A . Mircheft. A second

preaching place w as opened, M arch 10, in Jenimahala, where the average

attendance has been 72. The church at M onastir has averaged 118 in

attendance and 96 for the Sunday school. The first evangelical communion

service ever held in Prilep was celebrated in November in connection with

the baptism of a young persecuted teacher of the place. There is an encour­

aging Sunday school work at Voden. Several new followers have come out

-during the year at Yenidje. The friends there want very much a little school

such as there is in Voden, carried on by Miss Zurneva.

On M ay 1, 1906, the Essery Memorial Orphanage occupied its new home,

bought, the previous fall from funds in hand, and passed over to the Board.

T h e station is trying to secure a matron from Am erica. T w o of the boys

have already gone to the Thessalonica Institute. A t present there are 26

girl? and 11 boys.

19 °7] European Turkey Mission 49

The Kortcha Girls’ Boarding School has had difficulties again with the

government on account o f the use of the Albanian language. The school

was officially closed last February, though school work has not actually been

stopped. The matter is in the hands of the embassy, and it is hoped that

the outcome will be perfect freedom for work in connection with the school.

Mr. Tsilka has been holding English classes for boys. He reports

increased interest in and attendance at the preaching services. The attend­

ance has been 21; Sunday school, 21.

Girls’ Boarding School.— There have been 24 boarders and 17 day pupils;

the former represent the Uskub, Salonica, and Monastir vilayets, and Bul­

garian, Servian, Roumanian, Gipsy, and Levantine nationalities.

A s all the orphanage children could not be received as day pupils for lack

of room, only a few of the more advanced ones are instructed at the school,

while the rest, 11 boys and 17 girls, are instructed at the orphanage by one

o f the graduates of the school. That department is under the 'direction of

the principal of the school.

The work has progressed quietly and steadily. The spirit of the girls

has been so good that they have been put upon their honor in regard to ,

keeping rules, and are not required to give conduct reports. This has been

most satisfactory, and all the teachers agree that never wertt.the rules kept

so well as this year. Few offenses have had to be recorded, though the

previous school year had seen unusual trials.

No matron of the school is employed, as it is found more satisfactory to

put the various house duties upon the girls, under the direction o f an assist­

ant teacher. This is best for the development of the girls themselves, and

is necessary in order to reduce expenses as much as possible. The cost of

living in the city has increased greatly in the last two years, so much so that

it has been necessary to raise the charge for board from 8 to 10 liras.

W hile there has been no revival, so called, there has been an earnest

Christian spirit, and the usual religious services have been well sustained.

One o f the boarders, a day pupil, and a faithful Greek servant girl of the

American teachers were received into the evangelical church. That was a

day o f special joy, as then the missionaries saw the answer to their prayers

of many years. A t Christmas a sum of money was raised in the two Chris­

tian Endeavor Societies to purchase Bibles and Testaments for the prisoners,

in their own languages. A temperance society has been organized, nearly

all the boarders belonging to it. For more than two months before Christ­

mas the boarders were allowed to go without the few nuts or apples that

would have been provided for dessert twice a week, and this money was

used by them for a dinner, to wrhich the 37 children at the orphanage were

invited, and which the girls prepared. This was glad service for others.

New books have lately come and are meeting a long-felt want, both for

fresh Sunday reading and for reference.

W e cannot close this report without mentioning the work done by the

graduates, 32 in number. A ll but 3 have taught in the mission schools and

outstations for periods varying from one to fifteen years. The number so

5 ° European Turkey Mission [Report

employed at present is II. The aggregate of such service by 29 graduates

is 131 years. There has been no graduate o f this school who has not been

a member o f an evangelical church, and but one is known to have turned

away from the faith o f his school days.

SALONICA

Statistical Summary.— This field, with its 7 organized churches and

19 brotherhoods, or communities, has 13 schools, with 276 pupils under

instruction. In 1906 the station had only 30 additions on confession, as

against 47 in 1905. It is compelled to record a net loss o f 12 communicants,

leaving a total o f 608. There was also a net loss of 11 adherents, leaving

a total o f 1,655. The native contributions for religious work were $1,076,

a gain o f $111.89 over the previous year. The grand total o f gifts for all

purposes was $1,360.79, a net gain o f $89.89.

Personnel.— D r. House gives one-third of his time to the industrial school

instead of one-fourth, as last year. In November, when the lease o f the

form er dwelling expired, the House fam ily removed to the school, as it

seemed necessary either to postpone the enterprise or to have a responsible

superintendent on the ground. Mr. Haskell in his tours has resorted to the

stereopticon with good success. The station has suffered a loss in the removal

o f Mr. J. Frohlich, who was obliged to leave for India because o f a sudden

urgent need in his father’s business.

The Work at Large.— The 25 outstations have been served by 4 ordained

and 5 unordained preachers. The work in Uskub has been set back by the

departure o f some followers to A m erica; yet a new member recently was

received, and new hearers keep up the congregation to an average of 20.

The Monospitovo church has suffered terribly in its spirituality from the

implication of its members in revolutionary work. According to its size this

has always been the most unsatisfactory church in the matter o f giving.

There is a faithful remnant, and after these stormy years are past the work

w ill probably be revived. Another organized church can be reported, namely,

at Drama, with 45 members. There is some encouragement at Djum ai Baala,

where several young men have become regular attendants at the preaching

services. Here a larger and better room for services and a day school are

greatly needed. The church at Bansko has been weakened very much

numerically and financially by removals to Bulgaria, due to disturbed con­

ditions. Some of the refugees, however, had already lost spirituality through

too much politics. Some who remain are coming forw ard to take respon­

sibility, and the spiritual condition of the church is more hopeful than last

year. A t Yakorouda there are good and grow ing congregations and much

reason for encouragement. A good degree o f unanimity in the church at

Stroumitza is to be noted, as well as the probability o f the completion of a

new house. This community lost its first building lot through Greek intrigues.

In 1895 it bought the house since used, enlarged it once, but still found it

cramped and inconvenient. A Servian worker is needed at Prishtina or

M itrovitza. In both these places the faithful Christian living of some of

i9°7] European Turkey Mission 5i

the friends and the efforts of the local lay preachers are awakening some

souls who seem likely to become decided followers o f Christ. A strong

man is needed in the city of Salonica, with its 10,000 Bulgarian inhabitants,

for the missionaries are too much loaded with other work to do all the

pastoral duties and preaching needed. The strength given to education by

the Bulgarian exarchate, especially in cities, seems to demand of the mis-

sion either to do more or to abandon the primary schools. In villages the

station schools do not suffer in comparison, even where they have but one

teacher to the Orthodox school two. The station during the year has tried

putting a strong head teacher with an assistant in both Stroumitza and

Drama. The children o f adherents in both M itrovitza and D jum ai Baala

have been expelled from the public schools until such time as their parents

shall recant the “ Protestant heresy.”

Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial Institute.— Though not sup­

ported by the Am erican Board, this Institute is vitally connected with the

work of the station and mission. The teaching force at the Institute is now

much stronger than it was, as Mrs. House and Miss House, a recent grad­

uate of Lake E rie College, Ohio, are assisting in the Institute. Dr. House has

also been able to begin lessons in agriculture with the pupils. A practical

master mason and plumber gives freely a portion of his time for the privi­

lege of studying in the theological class. The Institute is in great need of

men for carrying on this industrial work under evangelical auspices. In

order to increase the productiveness of the farm and industries good farm

implements are needed, such as a plow, a disk harrow, a grain drill, a fan­

ning mill, and a subsurface packer.

Difficulties.— A ll hopes of the pacification of the country or any consid­

erable improvement in the conditions of life among the people through the

reforms have died out of all breasts. A great part of the population has

lost hope o f any gain through the revolutionary movement. In mixed

Greco-Bulgarian or Servo-Bulgarian districts the dangers of the hapless

inhabitants are greatly increased by the internecine feud. The efforts of

extremists lately are succeeding to some extent in causing friction in mixed

evangelical communities which up to this year had ignored political factions

and lived harmoniously as brethren. Also, they are adding to the difficulties

of the missionary’s position. Out of courtesy to and desire for comity with

the independent Greek work Salonica station has avoided opening any Greek

work in Macedonia. But the Greek nationalists, failing to understand— or

perhaps not knowing— the motives of the missionaries, are inclined to regard,

them as Bulgarian partisans because they work among Bulgarians and not

among Greeks. Enough has been said to show that the constant perils to

which the people are exposed— the hatred among nationalities, the restless

turning to Am erica, the dangers of travel, etc., all combine to produce an

environment far from conducive to spirituality and to engaging the pupils’

attention in religious matters. To excited brains and diseased imaginations

the wholesome food of the gospel seems flat and stale. To men absorbed

in striving for an earthly kingdom the kingdom of heaven seems just such

52 European Turkey Mission [Report

an intangible dream as it seemed to the Pharisees o f old. But reaction will

come, and the heart hunger w ill reassert itself some day, though just now

the station is passing through a barren and discouraging period. Another

difficulty is the increase in the cost o f living, which makes higher salaries

a necessity for the workers, while it diminishes the ability of the churches

to give. The station also has to contend against the difficulty o f finding

sufficient preachers and teachers to supply established communities, let alone

expanding. But there is enough in the surroundings to relieve the gloom

of the picture.

p h i l i p p o p o l i s ( i n Bu l g a r i a )

Statistics.— Ordained preachers, 10; total native laborers, 24; organized

churches, 8; communicants, 467; added by confession, 21; average congre­

gations, 1,206; adherents, 1,436; Sunday schools, 22, with 1,050 members;

native contributions, 635 liras.

Evangelistic.— A good deal o f time is given to touring. M any of these

tours are short. Dr. Marsh gave 166 days to tours; Mr. Haskell, 91. These

tours included a monthly supply o f the Sofia church while its pastor was

absent collecting funds for repairs.

W oman’s w ork has been marked by progress. Mrs. Haskell and Mrs.

M arsh have given 39 days to touring. The most encouraging work has

been that among the young people. The Sunday schools have increased

in number at the rate o f one or two a year for the last eleven years, until

now there are 22 in number, with an attendance of over 1,000. One hun­

dred and twenty-five Bulgarian children in the primary Sunday school

classes have joined the Society of Bible Lovers, an auxiliary to the Am erican

Bible Society. The 4 Christian Endeavor Societies organized this year

bring up the number of societies in the field to n ; and though the young

people do not yet fully come up to the ideal o f Christian Endeavorers, they

are certainly facing that way.

Under the leadership o f the resident missionary and with the help of

friends in Am erica the outgrown church building at Philippopolis has been

replaced by the present spacious and substantial edifice.

Outstations.— The work in Tserovo, a restless and dissatisfied field a year

ago. seems now to have changed for the better. Notwithstanding the

removal o f six or eight families from Abdulari the congregations often

crowd the little church, running from 130 to 140 on Sundays. In Tartar-

B azarjik the congregations have increased. Fourteen members o f the

Philippopolis church live in the east side o f the city at Stanimak, formerly

a wholly Greek city. Last spring they rejoiced in finding a promising young

preacher, and with the- help o f the Bulgarian Evangelical Society engaged

him as their pastor for a year. The congregation has considerably increased.

Ahmatovo, with its 29 communicants and 80 hearers, housed most satisfac­

torily, has developed mainly from within the community, with the aid o f a

colporter and a Bible worker. One of the oldest outstations is M erichleri

(1889). The congregation remains about 130. Eight additions are to be

reported. Haskovo has reluctantly parted with its pastor, but after inde­

i9°7] Western, Turkey Mission S3

fatigable efforts has secured another. Yamboul has long been a weariness

of the flesh. The proverbial party spirit o f Bulgarian politics is character­

istic o f the church. It has been a valley of humiliation to preachers.

It is evident that the evangelical churches are not yet able to carry on

to completion the work of evangelization without foreign aid. There is

still need of pressing the work of Christ through the missionaries. Nor

are the spiritual needs o f the country yet met by the national church, whose

leaders would see immense peril to their own standing and means o f support

in any general movement by the people toward the religion taught by Jesus

Christ; consequently with this spiritual inertia o f the national church and

the weakness of the evangelical churches the duty of the mission and its

supporters is very clear, and the call imperative. But even greater than

the need of men and money is the need of a visitation, as one o f the mis­

sionaries writes, o f “ God’s Spirit, that shall put new life into every child

of God.”

WESTERN TURKEY MISSION

Literary Department for the Three Missions in Asiatic TurKey

C o n s t a n t i n o p l e . — George F. Herrick, d.d., Henry S. Barnum, d.d., Herbert M,

Allen, Ordained; Mrs. Helen M. Herrick, Mrs. Helen P. Barnum, Mrs. Ellen R. Allen,

General Missionary WorK

S m y r n a (1820).— James P. McNaughton, Alexander MacLachlan, Charles K,

Tracy, Ordained; M r s . Rebecca G. McNaughton, M r s . Rose H. MacLachlan, Mrs,

May S. Tracy, Miss Ilse C. Pohl, Miss Minnie B. Mills, Miss Jeannie L. Jillson.

C o n s t a n t i n o p l e (1831).— Joseph K. Greene, d.d., Charles T. Riggs, Ordained;

Thomas S. Carrington, m .d., Physician; W illiam W. Peet, Treasurer and Business

Agent; Mrs. Mathilde M. Greene, Mrs. M ary R. Riggs, Mrs. Phebe W . Carrington,

Mrs. M artha H. Peet, Miss Anna B. Jones, Mrs. Etta D. Marden, Miss Annie M,

Barker.

Residing at Brousa.— Theodore A. Baldwin, Ordained; Mrs. Matilda J. Baldwin, Miss H arriet G. Powers, Miss Annie T. Allen.

Residing at Bardezag.— Robert Chambers, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Elizabeth L,

Chambers.

Residing at Adabasar.— M iss Laura Farnham, Miss M ary E. Kinney, Miss Madeline

Gile.

Teachers in the American College for Girls.— Miss M ary M. Patrick, p h .d ., Miss

Isabella F. Dodd, M iss Ida W . Prime, Miss Gwen Griffiths.

T r e b i z o n d (1835).— Lyndon S. Crawford, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Olive T. Crawford,

Sivas (18 51).— Henry T . Perry, Ordained; Charles E. Clark, m .d., Physician; Mrs,

Mary H. Perry, Mrs. Ina V. Clark, Miss M ary L. Graffam, Miss Nina E. Rice, Miss

Lillian F. Cole.

M a r s o v a n (1852).— Charles C. Tracy, d.d., Edward Riggs, d.d., George E. W hite,

Theodore A. Elmer, Ordained; Alden R. Hoover, m .d., Physician; Dana K . Getchell,

Teacher; Mrs. Myra P. Tracy, Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs, M r s . Esther B. W hite, Mrs. Hen­

rietta M. Elmer, Mrs. Esther F. Hoover, Mrs. Susan R. Getchell, Mrs. Sarah S. Smith,

Miss Charlotte R. W illard, Miss Claribel Platt.

C e s a r e a (1854).— James L. Fowle, W illiam S. Dodd, m .d., Henry K. Wingate,

Herbert M. Irwin, Ordained; W ilfred M. Post, m .d., Physician; Mrs. Caroline P. Fowle,

Mrs. M ary L. Dodd, Mrs. Jane C. W ingate, Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin, Mrs. Annie S,

Post, Miss Fanny E. Burrage, Miss Stella N. Loughridge, Miss Susan W . Orvis.

5 4 Western Turkey Mission [Report

In this country.— Ernest C. Partridge, Ordained; Samuel L. Caldwell, Teacher;

Mrs. W inona G. Partridge, Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell, M iss Em ily McCallum, Miss Ade­

laide S. Dwight, Miss M ary I. W ard, M iss Charlotte P. Halsey.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Mrs. George Constantine,

Mr. Fairchild, Dr. Jesse K . Marden, Miss Sophia Newnham, Miss M yra Barnes, Miss

Julia B. Paton, Mr. and Mrs. C. W . Lawrence, Miss Andrews.

S ix central stations; 97 outstations ; 21 ordained men, one of them a physician; 4 physicians ; 2 teachers ; 1 treasurer and business agent ; 28 wives ; 29 single women ;

40 native pastors ; 35 other native preachers ; 305 native teachers ; 20 Bible-women ;

24 other native helpers; 122 places for stated preaching: average congregations, 14,460;

44 churches, 13 entirely self-supporting: 4,816 members, 247 received on confession

this year; 1x8 Sunday schools: 11,830 pupils; 1 theological sem inary; 2 colleges for

young m en: 307 students; 1 college for young women: 46 students; 17 boarding and

high schools: 1,857 students, 811 o f them girls; 132 other schools: 5,995 pupils; total

under instruction, 8,347; 4 hospitals: 869 inpatients; 6 dispensaries: 18,402 treat­

m ents; native contributions for Christian work, $18,728.02; for education, $57,295.92;

total, $76,023.94.

The only appointment to be reported this year is that o f Miss Madeline

Gile, to join the force at Adabazar. Dr. and Mrs. Dodd and Miss Kinney

have returned to the field after their furloughs. Miss Cole has been trans­

ferred from Cesarea to Sivas, where she will aid in the hospital work.

For reasons o f health Miss Dwight is obliged to remain another year in this

country.

Mr. and Mrs. Partridge, Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell, Miss Halsey, Miss

Loughridge, and Miss Pohl will spend the coming year on furlough.

LANDM ARKS IN TH E YEARNS HISTORY

There is great rejoicing in all the mission over the fact that at length,

after five years of strenuous striving on the part of our government, the

ambassador at Constantinople, and the missionaries, the Turkish govern­

ment has granted all the privileges to Am erican citizens and institutions

which are accorded to those of other Powers. This concession brings

immense relief and encouragement to the missionaries, and adds a trium­

phant note to the report here presented. It means that buildings long desired

and absolutely necessary for the proper prosecution of the work can now

be erected; it brings freedom to the missionaries from the petty annoyances

o f local officials; it includes the saving o f a goodly sum in the w ay of tax­

ation; and it makes possible the pressing forw ard o f the work with new

zest on the part o f all.

The formal notification to the mission of the granting o f this concession

by the Turkish government was contained in a note from Ambassador Leish-

man, in which he quoted the official language o f the Porte as follows:

“ The Sublime Porte has already, by Imperial order, communicated to the

Embassy the decision previously reached of treating Am erican establishments

and institutions in Turkey on the same footing as those o f other nations.

In applying this principle the Sublime Porte has proceeded to the cor­

rection of the registers o f such establishments and institutions form ing part

o f the list filed by the Embassy which were in the possession of and occupied

i9°7] Western Turkey Mission 55

by Americans holding regular title deeds. A n Irade of H is Imperial M ajesty,

¡the Sultan, has just ordered the execution of this form ality so far as con­

cerns the establishments and institutions of which the Embassy had asked

the change of titles and which were submitted to the Sovereign Sanction

after examination by the competent departments.”

The visit o f Drs. Hitchcock and Creegan— District Secretaries o f the

Board at Chicago and New Y o rk — to the various stations o f the mission

has been a source o f great joy and encouragement to the workers. From

the missionaries’ point of view their stay in all places has been far too

brief for anything more than a fleeting glimpse of the work and the consid­

eration of but a few of the most difficult problems. But as one missionary

says, “ Their presence brought us very close to the great heart-throb of the

noble constituency in Am erica that supports the Board in its tremendous

responsibilities.”

PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES

The general tone of the reports presented at the annual meeting this year

is one of hopefulness. W hile they show new problems continually arising,

often new methods are found to deal with them, and there is great encour­

agement along some lines o f the work.

The one ever present problem is how to accomplish all that needs to be

done with the small force of workers and the means at command. Y e t this

year M arsovan says, “ N ever has our station been so completely manned,

and hardly could we hope for a better average of physical vigor and of

ability to be steadily occupied in the work assigned to each.”

The study of economics is well to the front in Turkey, as it is in this

country, for almost every station reports living expenses as much increased

the past year. One school says the price of food and fuel has been so high

that a heavy debt has been incurred; another school considered increasing

the price of board and tuition, though fearing that it would cut off the most

desirable pupils.

Emigration has come to be one of the great problems to be dealt with.

Mr. Craw ford reports that more than a hundred have passed through Trebi-

zond from the interior towns during the past year, and the fever has now

struck the mountain Greeks. He says: "Form erly their talk was all of the

heavenly country. Now there has entered into their hearts the thought that

•even in this life there is a future for them. They will be better citizens than

many, and it may well pay the people of Am erica to help support our schools

which are thus fitting young men for truer manhood and better citizenship.”

Smyrna station speaks o f a revival o f the national spirit, which has fos-

\ered so much o f a spirit o f sentiment and loyalty to the national church as

to make it now a courageous thing on the part of any one to become a

Protestant and to live a Protestant life.

In Sivas the advance toward self-support is steady and is a gratifying

proof o f the power o f the gospel. In the short space of six years the gifts

•of the native people here for Christian work of all kinds have increased from

'$505 to $2,377, a remarkable showing.

Western Turkey Mission [Report

Cesarea station says, “ The social settlement idea, independent o f the

Protestant church organization, offers a greater opportunity to influence and

help all classes than any other agency in sight.”

Mr. Allen has spent the past year visiting the stations of the missions

in Turkey, studying the conditions at each place; and the main discussion

at the annual meeting was based upon a paper prepared by him on the

following topics: Relation of the mission to the national churches of the

land; the improvement o f the educational institutions of the mission; rela­

tion of the mission to the native evangelical churches. One session was

devoted wholly to the reading of papers on topics connected with the Sunday

schools, followed by a discussion of the same. This latter was so profitable

that a similar session will be held next year.

TH E SCHOOLS

Beside the work done in the kindergarten and elementary schools con­

nected with Cesarea station, a good year is reported in the girls’ boarding

school, though many have to be turned away for want of room. This is

the only boarding school for girls in this, the largest district of the mission;

and it is hoped that the enlargement so greatly needed may soon be provided.

The grade o f w ork is steadily rising. There are 41 schools connected with

this station, 16 o f them for girls, having 500 pupils.

The boys’ boarding school has experienced unusual difficulties because

o f the attempt o f the government to deprive the school o f its property and

the attendant threatening attitude of the populace; and all work on the new

building was stopped. But the firm attitude of the United States minister

saved the day, and now the action taken by the Turkish government will

enable the school to proceed with its building. One o f the greatest difficul­

ties o f the school lies in the teacher problem, lack o f funds making it almost

impossible to secure high grade teachers who w ill remain permanently.

Y ear by year better work is being done in the school, and the morals of the

boys have never been better than during the past year. They show a growing

self-control and manliness— a most encouraging fact.

Most o f the outstation schools o f Constantinople are going on as usual.

A t Gedik Pasha there has been no interference with the attendance of the

Turkish children since last September, and a large number have come regu­

larly through the year. Through special efforts one school drew in many

Gregorians, but persistent opposition drew most o f them aw ay after a time.

This cannot last long, as our schools are unquestionably better than the

national schools.

In the Brousa district the boys’ school has an able teacher, and a good

attendance is reported. The girls’ school reports a better spirit than last

year. The society o f self-government, started last year in cooperation with

the teachers, has done good work.

In the Nicomedia field the Bithynia H igh School, which erected large

buildings some years ago with a misgiving as to whether they would ever

be filled, now finds them packed and crowded, and a new building is planned

19°7] Western Turkey Mission 57

for. The beautiful new hall given to the school by the alumni at the last

commencement is serving a splendid purpose.

There have been unprecedented numbers in the girls' boarding school

and in Anatolia College at Marsovan this year. The most noticeable gain

in the girls’ school has been in the quality of work done in the senior year,

and in the embroidery and fine needlework classes. This school is much in

need of a new building.

The college reports a harmonious and happy faculty, which is a very

encouraging sign. There is no friction between the native and foreign

workers. In the twenty years of its existence nearly ten per cent of the

graduates have become ministers of the gospel, and about thirty-three per

cent have become teachers. The college enjoys a large degree of popularity.

This is due in no small degree to the very strict moral standard and discipline

required. The missionaries have been repeatedly told that this constitutes

a prime reason for a decision in favor of this college in cases where parents

are looking about to decide where their sons should be educated. In 1887

the students paid $3,000 in fees; in 1907 the amount is $13,000. The former

students o f the institution have already raised 500 liras toward a library-

museum for the college. The Young Men’s Christian Association is quite

strong in the college.

Sivas reports the number of pupils at the outstations as increasing year

by year. One school has been closed because of opposition by the govern­

ment, but the people are very anxious that it be reopened. A t another place

there is a call for an additional girls’ school, and both Catholics and Greeks

are w illing to cooperate in the same. The Sivas city schools must have more

accommodations before any new students can be received. The girls’ school

has not been able to make such repairs and improvements as might make it

attractive to girls from well-to-do families. The spirit of teachers and

students is encouraging; much interest was manifested on the day o f prayer

for colleges, and it is being continued through voluntary prayer meetings

and work for the poor. Kindergarten work is very successful and growing

to such an extent that a trained American kindergarten teacher is asked for

to undertake the preparation of teachers.

There is a constantly increasing interest in the education of boys, and

the normal school is very successful, with a larger increase in attendance

each year. Thirty students from this field are now in Anatolia College and

several in Euphrates College. The report says: “ Our experience is that our

own graduates are more interested in work in our own field, and are willing

to continue work longer and therefore do more successful work and minister

more widely to educational evangelism.” The great need of the school is

for new buildings and equipment.

A large industrial work is carried on at Sivas, where poor boys have a

chance to work for their education. This department needs a moderate

endowment to put it on a more permanent basis. The orphanage work still

continues. Each child is taught some industrial art, and those who show

themselves capable are allowed the last two years of study in the high

schools.

58 Western Turkey Mission [Report

The general work in the G irls’ Institute at Smyrna has been unusually

successful this year, and the pupils, both older and younger, have done much

philanthropic work for others. A new building is needed properly to house

this school. A fte r full consideration of the question whether it were best to

remove the kindergarten training department of the Institute from Smyrna

to Adabazar, the former has been decided upon as the best place in which

to carry on this work.

The report o f the International College says: “ Overcrowded and over­

worked express two phases of the year’s experience. Three hundred and

thirty-two students have been in attendance. Much religious work among

the students has been carried on by two organizations, the Young Men’s

Christian Association and the W hite Cross League. Though there has been

no extended spiritual revival among the students, the moral tone has been

good and a high standard of discipline has been maintained. The increase

in the number o f Moslem students has been an interesting feature o f the

year’s work, though the government has taken active measures to prevent

this patronage, and some have been withdrawn in consequence.

Trebizond station feels that there are great educational possibilities there

and is crying for a high school for boys; and the report says that “ the

arguments which can be brought up for the sake of the boys of Trebizond

are intensely emphasized when we remember how near we are to Russia, and

a good boarding school would have a dozen applicants from Russia at the

very beginning.”

THEOLOGICAL SEM INARY

M arsovan for the first time in its history has had no theological class

this year, and Mr. W hite, in charge of this department, has been spending

some time in England, preparing himself more thoroughly for his future

work. This exceptional intermission follows the adoption by the mission

o f certain rules and principles intended to stimulate applicants to a higher

standard of scholarship and to independence in self-support. But the absence

o f a class is due largely to other causes. The current toward the United

States has carried off several who might very properly have entered the

seminary, personal circumstances have presented obstacles in some cases,

and other lines o f work offer strong inducements to bright and promising

young men; for there is little realizing appreciation of the need for well-

trained preachers of the gospel. It is hoped that good material w ill be in

hand for a class next year.

PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT

A fter serving more than twenty-two years as editor of the Avedapcr,

Dr. H errick passes this work over to his successor, Mr. Allen. Dr. Herrick

lays this work aside with regret, but with the feeling that the time has fully

come when the interests of the paper call for the work of a younger and

more vigorous man. He still remains in the field to give valuable counsel

in all this work.

19 °7l Western Turkey Mission 59

A catechism in Turkish and in Armenian is soon to be put upon the market,

and a new and fully illustrated Armenian First Reader will be presently

ready for use. Besides much other work issued this year the press will

soon print a popular astronomy in Turkish and Armenian, finely illustrated.

The one crying need of this department is for a larger income to meet

the loud call made by all races for good moral books. This need no other

publishers in the country can at all supply. More than twenty million people

constitute the field of work in this department. It has an open door for the

Moslem races in giving them in their own tongue the best things in the

English language. They welcome our books on scientific, educational, and

moral themes. They are not flooded with reading matter, and often read

again and again a book which awakens their interest. Again, there are

30,000 scholars waiting for books suitable for a Sunday school library.

Sivas station says that one of the most imperative needs of that field is a

more regular and systematic supply o f good literature.

TH E CHURCHES

Steady pastoral work, under normal conditions, is being done at a goodly

number of the outstations of the Cesarea field, but there is a long list of

vacancies in the pastorates of some of the churches, caused partly by the

lack of suitable preachers and partly because the appropriations are too

small. One man will sometimes serve several places, though this is a mere

makeshift. But the spirit o f independence is strong within these churches,

and many are unwilling to accept aid if it is possible to get along without it.

From Cesarea as a center a movement called the New L ife has been

going out into the outstations, which has not tended toward ujiity and peace,

and has been anything but helpful to the work. But some little change has

come about in this belief since a year ago, and if the signs of the times are

read correctly this movement seems to have about lost its power to extend

itself.

The report from Constantinople says: “ Judging from the attendance on

the varied services, from the love of the people for the truth as it is in

Christ, and from their willingness to labor and make sacrifices for the same,

we can truthfully say that the past year has witnessed no loss; on the con­

trary, has witnessed some gain.”

The new church building in Pera, which received a firman to build after

waiting long years, will soon be dedicated. Different members have donated

seats, pulpit, memorial windows, bell, etc., to furnish and beautify this, their

first church home. The total cost of the church and parsonage will be more

than $20,000; but two such structures could hardly be erected in Am erica

for less than three times this amount, owing to the difference in the cost of

labor.

A t the Bible house chapel in Constantinople services have been well

attended, and a meeting for prayer, with an average of twenty persons

present, has followed each service. This chapel, in its central location, is

the one place in Stamboul where native Protestants can hold general public

6o Western Turkey Mission [Report

meetings. The Evangelical Greek Church at the capital, in spite of bitter

opposition, has maintained its position and faithfully witnessed for Christ.

It is known that great discontent prevails among the lower order of the clergy

and among many of the people because of the moral and spiritual decay of

the Greek church. Such discontent opens a wide door for the preaching

of the gospel. The labors of Mr. Koundrajian, the city missionary, have been

greatly appreciated by individuals and families who have come to the capital

from the provinces for work, by the poor, and especially by the sick who

have been brought from the interior to the hospitals for treatment.

A t Brousa a new pastor, a graduate of the Marsovan Seminary last year,

has begun his labors. He is an interesting preacher, with “ a directness of

appeal and personal application in his sermons which, with God’s blessing,

must in time yield abundant fruit.”

In the Nicomedia field the report says, “ The evangelistic work is pretty

much all sunshine.” The church at Adabazar has cleared off its debt through

a special g ift from a lady in America.

The church at Marsovan is prospering under the labors of a new

pastor. The Home M issionary Society connected with the church has a

larger income than ever, and besides helping several small communities sup­

ports a preacher in some of the outstations.

Tw o churches in the mountain district have new buildings for worship.

One o f these is built low on an exposed hilltop, and has its rough shingles

kept in place by rows of large stones to keep it from blowing away. But it

serves its purpose and represents a large aggregate of self-denying labor on

the part o f the tax-burdened people. A t two other outstations the people are

making heroic efforts to build new churches. Samsoun, though without a

pastor, has experienced a real revival the past year. In the community there

seems to be a true desire to hear the gospel preached, and it is hoped that a

lasting and valuable growth and stimulus have been given to that church. At

Zile also a good work has been going on which may usher in a new day for

this little community, whose growth thus far has been decidedly slow.

Sivas says: “ In spite of the fact that in some places our hopes and

expectations have been sadly disappointed, we report what seems to be a year

of advance.” The people have crowded the little chapel in the city, five or

six hundred sitting on the floor each Sabbath, and there has been a spirit of

unity which the missionaries have not always been able to report. A preacher

at one outstation has been particularly successful in breaking down prejudice

by “ catching,” as he expresses it, the drunkards. A s many as twenty-nine

have signed the pledge.

Smyrna station is greatly blessed in its pastors," men of thorough educa­

tion, culture, and spiritual life, self-sacrificing and energetic, w aging a war­

fare against tremendous odds. Both Greek and Armenian congregations are

progressing in spiritual attainments. Here the work is largely among the

middle class, and often these people suffer financial loss because they refuse

to conform their lives to Smyrna standards. W hat the evangelical church

needs is not so much financial strength, although that is necessary, but larger

i9°7] Western Turkey Mission

spiritual equipment, developing into self-denial and a passion for the salvation

of others. Young men’s societies are vigorous and active. The society of

the Armenian congregation has just made a donation of seventy-five Bibles to the hospital.

W ork in the outstations is hopeful and discouraging by turns. In some

places it is the interference o f the government with regular preaching, in

others the lack o f pastors, and in many the lack of funds, that makes for

discouragement. W here the churches have good pastors and are not inter­

fered with, although there is always more or less poverty, these overburdened

people rise to the support of their churches with wonderful enthusiasm and

success. The people of Manisa did not allow the failure of the raisin crop,

involving them in serious loss, to diminish their contributions to the work of

God in that great city. A t one outstation the young pastor has gone about

his work in a very outspoken way, with the result that his most violent oppo­

nent has not only acknowledged the errors of the Orthodox Church, but has

himself begun preaching to large congregations the sermons he receives from

the Protestant preacher under cover of night. A t still another place the open,

courageous attitude of the preacher has won the esteem and respect of the

best elements o f the Armenian community.

In the Trebizond field all of the churches report a good year. For three

years, however, the bookseller has not been allowed to peddle on the streets

or to go out into the villages. Mr. Craw ford says: “ W e cannot always follow

the work of these booksellers, but when a crowd of Greeks from a secluded

town, on their way to work in the mines of the Caucasus, drop in at our

services and tell us they had seen our bookseller in their village, had bought

books of him, and had heard of our work through him, then do we begin

to realize the importance and the value of these pioneer workers.”

One of the laborers at Trebizond has been called over to Russia to teach

and preach to Greek emigrants in the region of Sochoun. The report says,

“ W e like to think of this as our first outstation in Russia, and that it will

reach out and influence a large number of Greeks in that region.”

SUNDAY SCHOOLS

The Sunday schools are continuing the good work of drawing to their

classes children that in some cases are not reached in any other way. This

work in some of the stations takes on large proportions. In Sivas, for

instance, it is one of the most encouraging features, the entire attendance

averaging 1,300 each week. The m ajority of these are children, but there

is an enthusiastic class of brides and older women; also one large class o f

men who are taught in the Turkish, and two large classes of young men.

A plan has been introduced for voluntary gifts from the younger children,

to develop a spirit of benevolence. The “ nerve center” of this Sunday

school work is found in the teachers’ meeting, held regularly Thursday

afternoons. This is so much valued as a preparation for the lesson that no

one thinks o f absenting himself except in case of necessity. The teachers

accept this work of teaching as a religious opportunity.

02 Western Turkey Mission [Report

HOSPITALS

The hospital work at Sivas is steadily increasing, and the past year the

receipts from patients have covered the running expenses of the medical

work. This station has introduced a plan of district nursing. A native

woman, with her hospital experience, will go to the homes of the sick poor

and aid them by nursing, and, if necessary, care for the children, cooking

their meals, etc.

Medical work at Cesarea has been rendered more difficult by the absence

this year o f Dr. Dodd, the physician in charge, though much excellent work

has been done under the care of Dr. Post. But even in this most altruistic

form of labor there are trials one would hardly think of. In Dr. Dodd’s

absence some o f the native physicians took occasion to spread the report

that he was dead, and that the hospital was receiving no patients; other

physicians offered lower fe e s ; another represented himself as an attendant

of the hospital and led the patients away altogether. But sooner or later

these false accusers are discovered, and the hospital is becoming more and

more grounded in the confidence of the people. The evangelistic work in

the hospital is made very prominent, and every worker is made to feel that

his or her part is essential to the effectual presentation of Christ to all who

come for treatment. Each patient, on leaving, is presented with a Testament

written in the language he speaks.

Marsovan hospital has greatly rejoiced in the coming of Dr. and Mrs.

Hoover. Their first year has been mainly given to the study of the language,

but Dr. H oover will soon be able to carry a large share of the medical work.

Dr. Marden has remained with the hospital the past year, bearing the chief

responsibilities.

Extensive improvements and additions to the buildings were made last

year, but even with the $1,000 and more thus spent the hospital was able to

close the year without a debt. A n effort has been made by popular lectures

to teach the people the importance of hygienic living and the proper care of

the sick. The religious work among the patients has been carried on as usual.

The Scriptures have been diligently read even by the Moslem patients. The

future o f this work is full of promise.

SIDE LIGHTS

The following items, one from each station, show the various lines of

work, directly or indirectly connected with the regular forms of labor, upon

which the missionary has his hand. The annual reports from the missions

each year contain many such items which cannot be reported for want of

space, but which enter into the make-up of the whole great successful work

on the foreign field.

Cesarea says: “ W e have something new to report this year, a B oys’ Club.

N oting the great number of boys and men wandering about the streets with

nothing apparently but evil to absorb their thoughts and attention, it was felt

that something ought to be done to help them to higher and better things.

W ith this in view Sunday evening song services were begun, and in addition

i9°7] Central Turkey Mission 63

to hymns sung a story was told. A fter a time a Sunday school was con­

nected with the club, and both have been successful, though there has been

much opposition of the priests and Armenian school authorities, who even

punished the boys for attending. Recently athletics have been introduced,

and a greater hold has been gained over the boys. A great improvement in

their demeanor is noticed. The idea is discouraged that we are trying to

make Protestants of them, but want to help them to become clean, decent,

self-respecting Christian men. The work gives such good promise for the

future, that funds are desired with which to rent a building and furnish some

equipment.”

Smyrna has a workers’ Tuesday afternoon prayer meeting, conducted in

English, that has been of great spiritual help to those who have accepted the

privilege of turning aside for this quiet hour of meditation and prayer. It is

the only occasion in the week when members of the different Protestant

missions laboring in Smyrna meet together.

A business man returning to Trebizond tells of finding, away out at

Askabad, in Transcaucasia, a former Bible house employee who is now a

merchant there, and who holds Sunday services in his home. He reports

seeing a number of Russian soldiers at these services.

A t Marsovan the Sunday school and Christian Endeavor contributions,

together with special gifts at Thanksgiving time, amounting to sixty-six

dollars, have been given to the famine sufferers in China. This sum is

more than twice the cost of board and tuition in the school for one year.

A t Sivas it has been the practice for some of the boys of the normal

school to visit all the inns of the city each Sunday morning to invite the

stranger to church, and to aid him in any way possible, even to giving him,

when necessary, a little money. They have also visited the prison regularly,

as well as the Gregorian hospital.

A n English friend in Constantinople, who has a large farm near the

Dardanelles, some months ago twice attended the services there and was

impressed by the considerable numbers and the serious attention of the non-

Protestants present and by the inadequacy and unsuitableness of the chapel.

Invited by the preacher, this Englishman and a merchant of the town became

members of a committee to raise $1,500 toward a new chapel, and have

already received over $500. These English gentlemen are convinced that

there is a wide and hopeful door in the Dardanelles. The leadership in this

matter of resident English merchants is unique in the history of the mission.

CENTRAL TURKEY MISSION

A i n t a b (1852).— John E. Merrill, p h .d ., Teacher; Stephen vR. Trowbridge, Or­

dained; Mrs. Isabel T. Merrill, Mrs. Blanche H. Trowbridge, Mrs. Margaret R. Trow ­

bridge, Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge, Miss Isabella M. Blake, Miss Harriet C. Norton,

Miss Alice C. Bewer.O o r f a (1854).— Miss Corinna Shattuck.

64 Central Turkey Mission [Report

M a r a s h (1854).— Lucius 0 . Lee, d .d., Frederick W. Macallum, Ordained; Mrs. Eula B. Lee, Mrs. Henrietta M. Macallum, Miss Ellen M. Blakely, Miss Annie E.

Gordon, M iss Cora M. Welpton.

H a d j i n (1872).— Miss Olive M. Vaughan, Miss Virginia A. Billings.

A d a n a (1852).— W illiam N. Chambers, Ordained; Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers,

M iss Elizabeth S. Webb, Miss Mary G. Webb, Miss Lucy H. Morley.

T a r s u s (1859).— Thomas D. Christie, d .d., Ordained; Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie.

• Residing at Kessab.— Miss Effie M. Chambers.

In this country.— Miss Lucile Foreman, Miss Meda Hess.

On the way out.— Fred F. Goodsell, Ordained; Mrs. Lulu K. S. Goodsell.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Dr. and Mrs. F. D. Shepard,

Miss Caroline F. Hamilton, m .d., Miss Elizabeth Brewer, Miss H. E. W allis, Miss

Elizabeth Hawley, m .d., Miss Martha Frearson, Miss Marshall, Miss Salmond.

Six stations; 51 outstations; 6 ordained m en ; 1 teach er; 6 w iv e s; r6 single

w om en; 24 native pastors; 28 other native preachers; 244 native teachers; 27 Bible-

wom en; 2 other native helpers; 65 places for stated preaching; average congregations,

13,8x8; 78 Sunday schools: 13,234 pupils; 34 churches, 13 of them entirely self-

supporting : 6,697 members, 225 added on confession this y e a r ; 1 theological sem inary:

12 students; 17 boarding and high schools: 924 pupils, 319 of them girls; 134 common

schools, 65 of them entirely self-supporting: 5,936 pupils, 2,927 of them g ir ls ; native

contributions for Christian work, $10,169; for education, $14,338; total, $24,507. No

complete list of statistics for the year having been received, those of last year are

repeated.

Since the last report was written the mission has met with a profound

loss in the death, by accident, of Rev. Charles S. Sanders. On October 25,

1906, Mr. Sanders was thrown from his horse and never recovered con­

sciousness after his fall, dying within a short time. Beautiful tributes have

come from the missionaries and from the native people regarding Mr.

Sanders’s life and work.

Dr. Christie has spent a few months in the United States this year in

the interests of the Institute at Tarsus. Rev. and Mrs. Fred F. Goodsell

have received appointment to this mission, and their coming will prove a

great reenforcement to the laborers on the'field. Miss A lice C. Bewer has

been appointed an assistant missionary, to aid in the work of the hospital

at Aintab.

The brief visit o f Drs. Creegan and Hitchcock to the field o f this mission

brought joy to the hearts o f all. The mission would rejoice in the coming

o f a deputation which should be able to visit each station and make a

thorough study o f all forms of the work.

The concessions granted by the Turkish government, which we mention

more fully in the report o f the W estern Turkey Mission, bring relief and

gladness to this mission also.

The reports presented this year from Central Turkey show a general

progress in all departments of the work that is encouraging, notwithstand­

ing the many trying circumstances that often beset it in various places.

The annual letter from the mission says: “ In many aspects of the work

the mission walks not alone by faith, for it sees the establishment o f the

work of its hands in such ways as to inspire enthusiasm and cause the

hearts of all to be filled with gratitude to the Master for the fulfillment of

I9°7] Central Turkey Mission 65

the promise of his presence. The work is far past the experiment stage,

and we seek no longer for open doors and opportunity, for the land is open

before us for possession.”

GEN ERAL A N D E V A N G E L IST IC W ORK

Aintab station has felt the loss of Mr. Sanders peculiarly through all

the year. The report says: “ The degree of success with which most of

the churches have gone on through the year is a remarkable commentary

on the essential methods for cultivating self-reliance which Mr. Sanders

has employed during the last quarter of a century.” One of the last things

Mr. Sanders did was to prepare a tabular view of the aided churches, which

shows that usually hopefulness for self-support is coordinate with the size

of the congregation, and the ability of congregations below 100 in number

to support a preacher is problematical. There are two general lines of

policy regarding these churches. One is the regular diminution year by

year of the aid which they receive. The other, which may go on at the

same time, is to work to make each church a vital, spiritual, evangelistic

center. The latter is the great work before this station and the one which

needs to be done. When each church becomes such an evangelizing force,

then the work will move forward much more rapidly and the question of

self-support will take care of itself.

A ll but one o f the outstations have been visited during the year. The

opportunities afforded by some of these trips were used to learn about the

interest among Moslems, or to get into touch with them. There has been

the usual amount of trouble in connection with the government. In some

places the demand for taxes has been very insistent; in others it has not

been possible to secure a separation of the Protestant tax list from the

Gregorian. A ll over the country the Gregorians are attempting to ignore

the existence of the Protestant community. A t one point there has been

much persecution drawn out by aggressive religious work and the consequent

revival interest. Gregorians are now forbidden to attend the Protestant

services. A t Kessab there has been serious trouble between the two com­

munities, which finally involved Miss Chambers. But prompt action was

taken by the authorities, and as Kessab is to be made a government center

in the future this promises to relieve the situation more permanently. On

the bright side, however, relations with the Gregorians are pleasant at

several outstations, and in two places the missionaries have been invited

recently to hold services in the Gregorian churches.

O orfa Syrian Church reports the first revival in its history, and six

houses have come over to the Protestants. A general revival interest was

awakened at Garmouch, only to be stopped by the Gregorian clergy. In

Aintab there were special meetings, beginning with the W eek of Prayer, and

Protestants and Gregorians worked together. Plans for special evangel­

istic work for the coming year have been arranged, and small group con­

ferences for pastors who are located near each other.

Financial matters in some of the churches are very encouraging. A t

66 Central Turkey Mission [Report

a place where only five families in the church are comfortably situated the

church raised for all purposes last year n .4 0 . One church has contributed

so much during- the year that it feared to read the report all on one Sunday,

lest the large sum should attract the attention of the government. I f all

goes well, the O orfa Syrian Church hopes to become self-supporting in eight

years. The Second Church at Aintab has pledges for £T. 1,500, to be paid

in three years for its new building, which is planned to be the largest in

the Celicia Union. Many of the churches worship in dwelling houses too

small for the purpose, and many others need repairs to make them suitable

places of worship. Most of the churches have special societies connected

with them for religious study and philanthropic purposes.

A s a new plan it is proposed to treat three of the outstations as one

organization with a single pastor. A t Aleppo the influx of Turkish-speaking

people has greatly increased, and a colporter has been asked of the Bible

Society. One place reports five Jewish pupils in its schools and visitation

of Jewish homes. A t another point women have begun to take part in the

meetings. A t K illis a mixed choir, formed this year, adds to the attractive­

ness o f the services. In Aintab the evangelical party includes about three

hundred men and women. Eighteen or nineteen meetings are maintained

each week in different districts of the city. Sunday audiences at the central

meetings are attended by crowds estimated at 1,500 or more.

Miss Chambers’s first year at Kessab has been a good one in spite of

many trying circumstances. The people welcomed her coming with great

cordiality and have aided her in many ways. The people here are not close-

bound by customs and are ready to learn and put into practice new things.

The Sunday school has about a thousand pupils. Miss Chambers makes

earnest request for another lady to join her in this promising work at

Kessab.

The great industrial work at O orfa, under Miss Shattuck’s care, has

played its usual large part in the life at that station. Over two thousand

arc employed in the handkerchief department. This work is carried on at

four other places beside Oorfa, and in all these it is aimed to use the oppor­

tunity for money making as an opportunity for truth learning by appointing

earnest Christian teachers. The work never stops except for a week at

Christmas and another at Easter time.

The work of the Bible-women has continued as usual. A ll homes are

freely open to these women, and the pupils read from a "real desire,” and

not because “ others do so.” The change in the lives of entire families

since the w ife and mother began to read the Bible, as noted through a period

of years, is very cheering.

There are no striking events to report from the churches connected with

Marash station. The missionaries have visited seven outstations and the

native pastors three other places during the year. Zeitoon is prospering

under the first seminary graduate the place has ever enjoyed, and twelve

Gregorian families have come into the church during the year. Several

outstations have been without preachers for want of men to fill the places.

1907] Central Turkey Mission 67

Difficulties in the First Church at one time almost threatened disruption,

but they are now happily overcome.

The two literary clubs of the community continue. One is called the

Booklovers and is devoted to reports of the news, with articles of different

kinds. The other is the Educational Club and has existed five years. It

has 112 members, 60 of whom are college graduates. It aims to study

education historically, philosophically, and practically.

The station at Hadjin has suffered much from the withdrawal of Mr.

Martin. Mr. Trowbridge, who has spent some time there this year, strongly

urges the appointment of a new missionary— “ a man who will develop the

isolated village churches and will energize and control the academy and be

ready to carry the gospel by his life and preaching into the most remote and

unevangelized villages of the Taurus Ranges.” The permanent value of

this H adjin work is proved by the institutions already established.

E arly in March Mr. Trowbridge made a tour to several of the out-

stations. Conditions of poverty and taxation this past winter have been

most severe. The January blizzard did not close any of the churches, and

the preachers have been bravely resolute. One outstation especially has

given good promise this year, since fifteen children, about half of them

Moslem, have attended the school recently opened.

Miss Billings’s health has necessitated her being absent from the station

the greater part of the year, and during some of this time Miss Vaughan

was alone in the administration of both station affairs and of the school

work. In the autumn Mr. Irwin, of the W estern Turkey Mission, came to

H adjin for a while and rendered great aid.

In the First Church a spiritual harvest was near at hand, but could not

be reaped because of the commotion in the church regarding the choosing

of a pastor for the coming year. The Second Church has had a conscien­

tious pastor, but has increased little either in numbers or in spiritual power.

D uring the winter Adana station suffered from one of the three severest

snowstorms of the past hundred years, and the resulting suffering was

great. Hundreds and thousands of cattle and sheep perished on the plains,

and great injury wras done to the vineyards and fruit orchards.

The pastor o f the church at Adana* has completed his sixteenth year of

service. The better side of the church is indicated by the fact that £T.$l

have been contributed for mission work outside of the limits of the church,

which is about half the amount of the entire appropriation for church work

made to Adana station by the Board.

The N ew L ife agitation has emphasized the question of Bible study,

and created a prayerful attitude on the part of some which it is hoped

may help to balance the evil effects of the extreme position taken by others.

A most successful experiment was tried by Mr. Chambers in taking

the pastor of the church and one of the leading men on a visit to the out-

stations, thus giving a new and clearer view of the condition, importance,

and power of the work in these outstations, and serving to develop a greater

interest on the part o f the churches in each other. This outstation work

68 Central Turkey Mission [Report

presents many things to encourage. The people at Mersine are trying hard

to pay off a debt, and as soon as that is done they will pay a large part of

the pastor’s salary. A t Sis the services are well attended, and the spirit of

the church is enthusiastic. The church at Kars has overcome opposition to

building, and the enthusiasm of the people has risen in such a w ay as

to provide the money needed for the chapel, and the erection of a parsonage

is under consideration; all this is a great step forward for Kars. A t Osma-

nieh the people have to go through a very bad section of the town to reach

the church— much like passing through a saloon— and a new site is earnestly

desired. A t Chokmerzemen large strides have been made during the year,

and the people are now paying fifty per cent of the preacher’s salary.

Beside this, they have given a substantial sum for the erection of the chapel

building, which was started some fifteen years ago, but stopped by govern­

ment orders. Twenty-five years ago the beginning of gospel work here was

fiercely opposed, and some of the first converts were forced to flee the

village. N ow there is a good congregation, worshiping in a substantial

building, and evangelical Christianity has won for itself a good foothold

and is going forward. There are 800 or 1,000 Christian houses in this town,

and it is growing in importance. A t Hamodiej much has been done in house

visitation, giving opportunity for religious conversation. A ll the Christian

houses have been open to such visitation. One leading man, however, took

umbrage at something in the conduct of the work, and rented an oven and

began selling bread on the Sabbath. This caused a great scandal, and was

a shock to the entire organized work. But the man already regrets his step,

and his reform is looked for in the end.

In 1900 there were four places of worship in the eight outstations, but

now there are good places in each of the eight outstations. The visit of

Mr. Moschow, o f Smyrna, to Adana during the year, and the success attend­

ing the meetings he held in the two weeks he was there, show that the time

is fast ripening for an aggressive work among the Greeks of the city.

The church at Tarsus, after some rather trying experiences during the

year, is now in a state o f harmony, manifesting an earnest spirit. Dr.

Christie has acted as chairman of the church committee in the absence of

the regular pastor. This church, in connection with the college, looks after

the work at Kozolook, and a new chapel is soon to be erected there by the

efforts o f the people.

E D U C A T IO N A L W O R K

Central Turkey College reports 166 students this year. About forty per

cent of these are more or less acquainted with some trade. Separate meet­

ings for the preparatory department have been continued. The problem

of separating the smaller boys from the influence of the older students,

and of getting them to working for themselves, is only part of the larger

problem of the separation of the preparatory department from the college,

the need o f which is felt increasingly each year. Blanks have been sent

out to the schools which might be said to be an outgrowth of the college

i9°7'] Central Turkey Mission 69

work to ascertain the number o f boys who are doing preparatory work in

this part of the country. These schools are, in a sense, part of the prepar­

atory department o f the college, and the total enrollment seems to be about

450 when all the classes are included.

There is a new problem before the college. The faculty have a list of

about fifty students from different places who wish to enter college, but who

say they must have aid. The rule has been that no aid is to be given to stu­

dents the first year. Shall these boys be denied admission? Shall they be told

to go elsewhere to college?

Special religious meetings were held in February, and during the year

there were some individual meetings o f special interest, but it could not be

said that there was any revival, though there have been times of earnest

thought and instances where Christian duty has been seen in a new light.

The Volunteer Band connected with the college has begun a library of

religious books, which it expects both to maintain and to circulate among

the students. Both in this band and among the other students there has

been a special drawing of attention to evangelistic work among the non-

Christian races o f the country, and a number have begun to feel the claims

of this work.

Aintab Seminary for Girls makes its report after its first year in the

new building. Through the % untiring efforts of the late Mr. Sanders the

building was ready to enter November 6th. There have been 106 students,

with 35 boarders from the different towns and villages. Fourteen of the

students are daughters of former graduates of the seminary. There have

been five experienced and dependable native teachers who worked well

together. Despite the late opening of the school nearly all the usual work

has been completed. Beside the regular religious services in the school there

have been various meetings conducted by the girls themselves. The teachers’

weekly prayer meeting has been a help to all, and has had results in the life

of the school. The school is still in great need of more apparatus, and

owing to the increased cost of fuel and food supplies it is impossible to

run the school on the same sum furnished in previous years.

The most marked event of the year, aside from the occupation of the

new building, has been the organization of the girls into an Alumnae Asso­

ciation. The association proposes to raise money to help the school and to

have literary and social meetings. The immediate object is to restore and

add to the library, the best part of which was burned. A member o f the

first class of 1863 was present at the first meeting of the association. It was

striking to see how riiany of these graduates are or have been teachers.

In digging for the foundations o f the new building an iron pot was

discovered containing about 1,000 silver coins, worth £T.i2o. These are

coins of the Knights of St. John from the seventeenth century and bear

the words, “ Confidens Domino non movetur.” The report says: “ When we

think o f all the vicissitudes through which the seminary has passed, these

words seem an especially fitting message to ns and might well be adopted as

the motto for the new school, ‘ He who trusteth in the Lord is not moved.’ ”

70 Central Turkey Mission [Report

School work in the outstations is being pressed forward as usual. A t one

point the success of the Protestant schools in handling children who cannot

be managed in the Gregorian and Catholic schools is a standing recommenda­

tion. A t Kessab the boys’ high school is in its new building. The success of

the teachers, who are young men belonging to the village, has given the

Kessab boys a new worth in the eyes of the community. The preacher is

trying to get the people to introduce new trades. A t one place the influence

o f the school is strong to lead the boys toward Protestantism.

A t O orfa the whole number of pupils in the Armenian schools has been

390, and the year has been one of unusually earnest and successful work.

Perhaps never has there been more thorough and efficient work on the part

of both teachers and pupils. The special difficulty has been along pecuniary

lines. Tw o entertainments in the winter gave some aid in this direction.

Miss Shattuck says, “ This is the fifteenth year I have served as president of

the school board, and never yet allowed a debt.”

The Syrian Protestant schools have had 146 pupils. A semi-kindergarten

connected with these schools has been successful. The school for the blind,

while not under the Board, is the fruit of Board influences. Four girls leave

this school this year prepared to support themselves by teaching the arts of

mat weaving and chair seating to others equally unfortunate in their own

villages.

The academy at Marash has had 115 students, 68 of whom were neither

absent nor tardy during the year. This is the best record made in the six­

teen years of its existence. A commercial course is to be added for boys who

do not expect to go to college. A second grade model school has been organ­

ized this year and is self-supporting. A model school under native super­

vision exists in the Second and Third Churches.

This year being the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the

College for Girls at Marash, special services were held at commencement

time. The students of this year and all former students who could be present

formed a body in the center of the church, which was an impressive sight to

the friends o f the college, and an object lesson of the work which is being

done. Forty-nine of the 132 graduates are now teaching in the country.

Miss Blakely reports a good year of work. The teacher of Armenian,

after five years o f service — the longest period of teaching in the college by

any woman of the country — leaves to become the w ife of the pastor at

Kessab. The Foreign M issionary Society connected with the college held a

public meeting this year, the main subject being “ A frica .” A paper, pre­

pared and read by one of the members, on the possibilities of Armenian

women doing foreign missionary work awakened a good deal of interest.

O f the nine who graduated this year, all had taught a year before entering

the senior class, which made the year more profitable to them.

Ninety-one boys have attended the academy at Hadj in the past year.

The tuition received from these pupils is not sufficient to support the school,

and the year was ended with a debt. The academy teachers have been invited

to teach in the Gregorian schools o f H adjin, so that if the mission relaxes its

i9°7] Central Turkey Mission 7 1

hold upon these workers the result of many patient years of labor may be

lost.

In the girls’ school there has been a quiet but very earnest work o f the

Spirit among many of the pupils. The Monday morning meeting has been

overcrowded, with the necessity for a second meeting. Nine of the girls

joined the church at Easter.

The number of pupils in the home — 162-— has been unusually small.

This was due to several reasons. No new pupils were admitted from the

city into the primary department, as college trained teachers in charge of

the city schools have greatly improved them, and made the need of admitting

these children to the home less necessary. There are better trained teachers

also in the village schools, and it has been decided that each child in the

orphanage must give a year’s work before leaving. Lack of force at the

station has prevented the visitation of homes to encourage the people to

send their children to school.

St. Paul’s Institute at Tarsus reports a good year of work, with seven

graduating from the college department and sixteen from the academy. On

the morning of the day of the closing exercises there was prize speaking

in five languages: English, Turkish, Greek, French, and Armenian. The

whole number in attendance was 158, a large part of them boarders. Forty-

two towns and villages were represented by these pupils. The new building

has been completed during the year, though much opposition was shown on

the part of the government, and the expense was greatly increased on this

account.

There have been some additions to the course of study, though the

faculty remains the same. The librarian of the Institute reports 1,500 books

in the English language as drawn out in the eight school months. The

students have edited papers in three or four languages. H ereafter pecuniary

aid is to be given to the students only in the form of a loan, to be repaid

in part by the labor of the student while he is still in school, and the

remainder in cash payments when he shall be earning money. Every student

receiving aid is required to leave school for one year before or after finish­

ing the sophomore year to engage in some useful service among his own

people; this to test his general spirit and efficiency, to discover if he is a

really worthy candidate for a diploma from a Christian college. There has

been growth in the higher life among the students, but no marked revival.

TH EO LO G ICA L S E M IN A R Y

The rooms in the new seminary building, finished through the generosity

of the churches of the mission and of other friends, have been occupied

by the students for the first time this year. Some further aid is needed to

complete the building. A new plan has been introduced by the faculty in

regard to examinations. Hitherto examinations have been mostly oral.

The new plan provides for written exercises on each subject, and a record

of all marks will be kept so that the standing of each student can be readily

ascertained. These new regulations have already had a marked effect upon

72 Central Turkey Mission [Report

the daily work of the class. During the summer vacation the students read

H arris’s “ Self-Revelation of God,” and were examined upon it. They also

read each a different author on sociology, with essays preparatory to prac­

tical sociological work in the city. The last few weeks of the year were

taken up with the study of the history of the Armenian church to the end

of the fifth century. The object of this course is to arouse a deepened inter­

est and to gather up the results of modern criticism on the traditional

history of the Armenian church.

Miss Welpton has continued the course in vocal music begun last year,

and the students who have given time to preparation and study have made

very satisfactory progress.

It has seemed to the faculty that while different types of piety are

represented in the class, it may be truthfully said that along with intellectual

activity the spiritual life has not been neglected.

H O S P IT A L W ORK

It is a matter o f great satisfaction that Aintab Hospital is finding larger

opportunities for work in every department every year. Its growing influ­

ence as a Christian institution, as also an organization for aggressive work,

emphasizes the imperative necessity o f sustaining a working force in some

way commensurate with the demands and opportunities. The call is there­

fore made for another physician to aid Dr. Shepard in this great work.

The hospital reports a grand total of 58,543 treatments, or an average

of 194 a day for each working day of the year. There have been 2,300

visits paid to patients in their homes.

A t Adana over 4,000 people have entered the clinics, of whom a thousand

were Moslems. The latter listened attentively to the preaching of the truth

for an hour at a time.

A t H adjin Dr. Jamgochian, by agreement, has given his services to the

station, making 290 medical visits at the home. He also held four clinics,

treating 2,116 poor patients and perform ing 49 free operations.

IN C ID E N T S OF W O M A N 'S W ORK

A t the outstation of Adiaman the Bible-woman holds noon meetings in

five different quarters of the city, attended mostly by non-Protestants. A t

Aleppo the schoolrooms are pleasant, and the children sit at desks— a fact

true o f no other schools in that district. The people are doing much here,

and have engaged an Arabic teacher, which will bring the school into closer

touch with the non-Protestant population, whose language is Arabic. There

is no woman’s work at Antioch, and the handful of Christian women there

feel that they can do nothing by themselves against the worldliness and

coldness that is about them. Bitias, about four hours’ horseback ride from

Antioch, is the most beautifully situated and picturesque as well as one of

the most prosperous towns in Turkey. The people there are eager to educate

their children, and a good work is being done. A t another point a young

woman connected with one of the only two Protestant families in the place

i9°73 Eastern 1'urkey Mission 73

is doing a real missionary work. She has, at the request of the people,

taught forty of the larger Gregorian girls. A t still another place the women

of the Gess, or mixed race, come secretly to the Christian meetings, saying

that “ their hearts burn when they hear these things/” but that their Aghas

— lords— will not let them come. A t one village an old Mohammedan

woman seems to be a true believer and comes frequently to the church.

Her two sons are in the school and have learned the Arm eno-Turkish char­

acter. They read the Bible to their mother, and she prays with them.

EASTERN TURKEY MISSION

B i t l i s . — Miss Charlotte E. Ely, Miss Mary A. C. Ely.E r z r o o m .— Herbert L. Underwood, m .d., Unordained; Mrs. Dora E. Underwood,

Miss Ruth M. Bushnell.

H a r p o o t .— Herman N. Barnum, d.d., John K. Browne, George P. Knapp, Edward F.

Carey, Henry H. Riggs, Ordained; Henry H. Atkinson, m .d., Edwin St. John Ward, m .d.,

Unordained; Mrs. M ary E. Barnum, Mrs. Anna J. Knapp, Mrs. Miriam V. Carey, Mrs. Emma Barnum Riggs, Mrs. Tacy A. Atkinson, Mrs. Charlotte E. Ward, Miss Caro­

line E. Bush, Miss Mary L. Daniels, Miss M aria B. Poole, Miss M ary W . Riggs.

M a r d i n .— Alpheus N. Andrus, R. Stanley Emrich, Ordained; Mrs. Olive L.

Andrus, Mrs. Jeannette W . Emrich, Miss Johanna L. Graf, Miss Agues Fenenga,

Mrs. W . C. Dewey, Miss Diantha L. Dewey.

V a n . — George C. Raynolds, m .d., Clarence D. Ussher, m .d., Ernest A . Yarrow, Ordained; Mrs. Martha W . Raynolds, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ussher, Mrs. Martha T.

Yarrow, Miss Susan R. Norton.On the way out.— Miss E. Gertrude Rogers.

In this country.— Royal M. Cole, Robert S. Stapleton, Ordained; Daniel M. B.

Thom, m .d., Unordained; Mrs. Lizzie Cole, Mrs. Ida S. Stapleton, m .d., Mrs. Helen L.

Thom, Mrs. Leila Browne, Miss Grisell M. McLaren, Miss M. Myrtle Foote.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Sister Clara, at Van.

Five stations; 77 outstations; 12 ordained missionaries, o f whom two are physi­

cians; 4 unordained physicians; 16 wives, one a physician; 16 unmarried women;

total missionary force, 48. The following statistics are for 3 stations only. There are

18 ordained preachers, and 34 unordained preachers; 152 teachers; 20 Bible-women;

and 4 other native helpers, making a total o f 228 native laborers. There are 65 places

of regular m eeting; 34 organized churches; and 10 churches entirely self-supporting. The communicants number 2,460; 183 were added by confession of faith ; adherents,

10,306; average attendance, 9,417. The 59 Sabbath schools had a membership of 6,534. There are 2 theological schools, only one in session, with 8 studying for the ministry.

There is 1 college and 4 boarding and high schools, with 5,791 pupils in all depart­

ments. Native contributions amounted to 224,333 piasters ($9,870.65). There are 2

hospitals in which 6,711 patients were treated; 3 dispensaries where 19,181 treatments

were given. The statistics for Bitlis and Erzroom stations have not been received.

Mr. and Mrs. Cole, after repeated delays, have come to this country on

account o f the serious condition of Mr. Cole’s health. On May 2, 1907,

President Riggs and Miss Emma Barnum were married, as were Mr. Carey

and Miss Platt on September 6, 1907. Mr. Ernest Riggs, after a term of

years as tutor in Euphrates College, has come to this country for further

study. Mr. and Mrs. Stapleton and Dr. and Mrs. Thom have entered upon

74 Eastern Turkey Mission [Report

their regular furlough. Miss W ilson has come home and will subsequently

m arry Rev. Lewis E. Carter, o f R exford Flats, N. Y . Dr. W ard and w ife

have gone out with the expectation of beginning medical work in Diarbekir,

an outstation of Harpoot. Miss Rogers is going out to help in the work

at Van.

B IT L IS

It was with keen regret that Mr. and Mrs. Cole started on their furlough

after holding on two years beyond the time of safety to Mr. Cole’s health,

leaving the Misses E ly alone in charge o f the station.

The station naturally divides itself into five chief centers, between which

we pass almost wholly among Armenians, having work in many o f the

villages. The population is very compact, and distances from the center

are not great, not over four days at most. There are large villages of

three and four hundred houses; one, Gope, an important government center

in the wonderful Boulanik plain, should be occupied as soon as possible.

For all this region there is needed a healthy, vigorous, hopeful young man

“ to vault into the saddle and dash up and down the field to oversee all the

work.”

Moush, city o f over 18,000 inhabitants, has been passed to German col­

leagues, Mr. and Mrs. Bonne vin Dobbeler, to work independently, though

safeguarded in written compact that should secure usual comity between

stations, with this addition that the Bitlis and Moush workers are to meet

once or twice a year for prayer and consultation to forefend any misunder­

standing.

The number of churches remains the same, with branches extending

into more than a dozen outside villages. The membership and congregations

are much depleted, notwithstanding all the accessions, owing to emigration,

especially from Bitlis city. Including outsiders and the student body, mostly

orphans, about the average o f 300 for Sabbath congregations keeps up, and

preaching of the W ord is sought after. The field is not without its

encouragements.

Education, especially the English language part of it, has more attraction

of late, though that tongue alone is not taught save to regular pupils with two

other lessons and higher tuition. Poverty is so great as to preclude their pay­

ing as much as is desired, or the school would be overrun with pupils. About

two-score interesting, hopeful boys have graduated from the school these

last twenty-three years, with nearly half that number from the orphanage

industrial department.

Some of the graduates are doing good work as preachers, one over the

Second Church, Harpoot, and two others in the Bitlis and Moush fields.

Several others o f the graduates are serving as teacher-preachers, while a

few have elected a career in Russia, England, and America.

ERZROOM

Evangelistic.— There are two Sunday schools in Erzroom, one for the

primary children in the girls’ school and the other for women and girls held

I9°7] Eastern Turkey Mission 75

in the church, each having a membership o f 100 or more. By far the greater

part o f those attending these Sunday schools are Gregorian women and

children. Many of the women become regular attendants at the Sunday

school.

The new plan of Bible-women’s work adopted for carrying on evangel­

istic work in the villages is the sending out of some of the teachers and

girls from the school (who have expressed a desire to engage in such work

and are well qualified for it) to spend the summer vacation in Bible work

in the villages. Unless the priests of the various villages interfere it is

reasonable to anticipate good results from the summer’s work. This hardly

takes the place, however, of a regular Bible-woman who can give her whole

time to the work.

The Erzroom Bible-woman, Digin Mariam, has been continuing her

work faithfully and satisfactorily, mostly in the city, visiting the homes

of the people, reading and explaining the Scriptures, carrying words of

comfort to the sick and sorrowing. She has made 178 visits during the

ten months, besides visits to the hospital and to Dr. Underwood’s clinics

on two days of every week. She has been received very pleasantly in most

of the homes, though in some cases fear of the priests has kept the women

from receiving her cordially. O f all her work she considers that among

the patients at the clinics the most encouraging, the Turkish women espe­

cially being interested in the story of Jesus Christ, which they were hearing

for the first time. On account of the smallness o f the forces it has not

been possible to do much touring among the outstations.

Medical.— The Erzroom province contains a population of over half a

million. The Moslems are in a considerable majority, being mostly Kurds

in the southern section and Ossmanli Turks and a few Greeks in the north

and east. Throughout this large area there is no civil hospital in operation.

The patients come from places five days distant southward, two days north­

ward, and four days westward and eastward.

A good degree o f progress is reported, especially in the matter o f hospital

accommodations. O f the 1,370 patients who wrere visited in their homes,

106 were Moslems; and of the 1,280 dispensary patients, 380 were Moslems.

This spring a busy three weeks was spent in Erzingan, where 600 patients

were treated and a number of operations performed.

It was encouraging to find that the Christian Association formed by the

young men of the Gregorian church, meeting in the Protestant church,

continues its interest and is developing manly Christian characters in many

of its members. Another event of importance is the order which has come

from Constantinople to close the hospital. Though this building w ill neces­

sarily have to be used as a residence, it will be impossible to carry on the

work of an avowed hospital until official permission is secured. It is good

to record the first religious service for inpatients. The girls and teachers

of the girls’ school assisted in these Sunday services.

“ The needs,” writes Dr. Underwood, “ are too discouragingly numerous

to mention.” The greatest need is a trained nurse. F ifty dollars a year will

76 Eastern Turkey Mission [Report

supply a free bed in the hospital. This is a new field for the home friends

to enter.

American School fo r Girls.— The number o f pupils has been larger than

for three or four years past, the total enrollment being 1 12. Only 21 o f

these are from the orphanage, as the number of orphans is decreasing year

by year. A s the leaders of the old church relax their opposition to the

work the people begin to send their children to the schools again, until

compelled by the priests to withdraw them. The native teaching force has

changed but slightly. There has been an earnest Christian spirit felt

throughout the school this year, a spirit that has shown itself in the every­

day life and work of the girls as well as in their work in the Christian

Endeavor Society. The washing and mending for the prisoners have been

continued. The missionary spirit has been marked, the girls by great effort

and sacrifice raising twenty-five dollars for a famine orphan in India, whom

they have been supporting for seven years; and fifteen dollars for the Bible-

woman in China, besides more than eight dollars for the poor and suffering

in Erzroom.

There was no class to be graduated from the school this year. A s for

the needs, first and foremost is the need o f another Am erican teacher to

take the place o f Miss Agnes Lord, resigned. There is also need o f some

simple apparatus for teaching physiology and physics; of money to finish

the wall around the schoolyard, so that the “ naughty street boys cannot

get in and break off our trees and spoil our garden ” ; o f bedsteads for the

girls’ dormitory; and last, but not least, several scholarships to assist worthy

girls who could not otherwise attend the school.

A ll departments o f the work have been affected this year by the con­

dition of the field; almost famine conditions have prevailed in parts o f the

field, which together with unusual oppression and troubles have been rather

a drawback to the work. Y e t this work has held its own, even if it has not

advanced greatly. There are brighter times to come.

H ARPOOT

Evangelistic.— This work comprises house to house visitation, holding of

wom ens meetings, visiting boys’ and girls’ schools (Protestant, Gregorian,

and T urkish), counseling with the pastors, preachers, and church members

as to progress in church work, and the settling o f difficulties. There are at

least 44 preaching places in the field, supplied in whole or in part by 16

pastors and 21 ordained preachers. These churches have about 55 boys'

and girls’ schools. There are 10 Bible-women, with over 300 pupils; 2 col-

porters are employed by the Bible Society. In some places there are con­

stant accessions to the church, and young workers are coming forw ard in

Diarbekir, Choonkoosh, Hulakegh, and Hooeloo. In spite of immigration

and heavy taxes, the Christ life in these churches is very evident because

o f their willingness to give out o f their deep poverty. The D iarbekir church

is wholly self-supporting— a church with over 100 members; a finely edu­

cated pastor and w ife; 2 male and 5 female teachers, and a Bible-woman,

with a kindergarten, besides the ordinary schools.

Eastern Turkey Mission 77

The Hooeloo, Arabkir, Choonkoosh, Mezereh, and other small churches are

every year making advance toward self-support, though every year expenses

are increasing. Growth in congregations, and a discomfort on account of

the miserable quarters occupied for church services, schools, and pastor’s

residence since the massacre, have led to a new stirring among the churches

to rebuild. But this is done with much difficulty. The plan of cooperation

with the Germans has been adhered to during the year, they taking over

Mezereh and supplying the money for Malatia, Palu, Peri, and the Geghi

regions, and having an equal voice with the American Board missionaries

in deciding on the expenditure of funds for the whole field. A kindlier

feeling is manifested toward the missionaries by the Gregorians, and a

tendency to work more in harmony with our representatives.

Theological Seminary.— Eight registered at the beginning of the last

seminary year. Messrs. Barnum, Browne, Knapp, Atkinson, and Carey have

given their time and energy without stint to the work of instruction. Dur­

ing the year the students have regularly filled two village pulpits and

have visited several other villages at intervals. During the Christmas and

Easter vacations they visited some fifteen villages and held altogether some

225 services. The seminary has received many special gifts from America,

one o f which came as a memorial for Mrs. Lora Carey, the “ Mother of the

First Class.”

Medical W ork.— The portion of the year’s record in which Dr. Atkinson

takes most pride is the organization of the Euphrates Medical Association.

This is an organization of all the Christian physicians and pharmacists in

the Harpoot field. These gentlemen are just as much a project o f our

missionary endeavor as our teachers and preachers. They fill a most useful

place in the effort to uplift the people. The association hopes to have its

home in the Annie T racy Riggs Memorial Hospital. It has many plans

for cooperation, self-improvement, and helpfulness to the people. A s soon

as the hospital is opened they hope to have a class for training nurses, these

classes to be instructed jointly by the members of the association and the

trained nurses, with practical training in the hospital. About $5,000 is

needed to complete the hospital fund.

Euphrates College.— President Riggs writes that the year 1906, though

it contains no very striking features, has been in several ways a year of

more than ordinary progress. The religious life of the college has been

permanently deepened by the revival of the preceding year, expressing itself

in a new religious activity that has borne much fruit. There is, however,

still much need o f quickening, especially in view of the great numbers of

new students thronging in.

The female department has nothing extraordinary to report. In the male

department the value of having Am erican tutors in the college has been

abundantly demonstrated, and it is hoped that another man will be sent out

this year without fail to take the place of Mr. Ernest Riggs, now returning

to the United States for theological study. The attendance has been marked

by an unusual increase in the college classes. The following are the figures

7« Eastern Turkey Mission [Report

for the fall term : College— boys, 160, girls, 82; high school— 219, 104;

grammar school— 92, 75; prim ary— 122, 155; kindergarten— 18, 21; board­

ers— 104, 90; total enrollment— boys, 511, girls, 437; total— 948. These

figures well illustrate the tendency o f the present time; other primary and

preparatory schools are being developed by the people in the towns and

villages around, and we try to encourage this development as much as pos­

sible. Their graduates come to college, as is shown by the exceedingly large

freshman class this year. There is urgent and immediate need of more

buildings, and application has been made at Constantinople for permits for

erecting a gymnasium, laboratory, and recitation rooms. No funds are in

sight for the laboratory and recitation rooms.

The industrial department has served an excellent purpose this year in

providing work for poor boys in the college. The prospects are fairly good

for making the shops self-supporting.

M A R D IN

A s this report marks the jubilee year of the occupation of Mardin as

a missionary station, we shall include in the report of the station for last

year a survey o f the fifty years since the work began. During these fifty

years there have been connected with the station 10 male missionaries, with

their wives, and 9 single ladies. O f the native force connected with the

station during the fifty years, there have been 9 pastors, 45 preachers, 1 col­

porter, and over 100 teachers. More than 150 members o f the native agency

have been trained on the ground, as this is the only Arabic-speaking station

of the mission. O f these, 8 pastors and preachers suffered martyrdom in

the massacres o f 1895, while 51 others are still in the work. During the

fifty years there have been 8 churches organized, 6 o f which still continue

to witness to the life and light in Christ. Some 40 names of places as out-

stations have appeared in the lists during the period under review. The

present number is 18, some of the outstations having been passed over to the

Church M issionary Society o f England and the Presbyterian Board o f the

United States, while others had to be given up because of the retrenchment

in the appropriations of the Board continued over ten years.

Additions to the churches o f last year were greater than at any other one

time, being 60. The Sabbath school work has been growing in the outsta­

tions, and has increased especially in Mardin. T he number under instruction

o f Bible-readers, and in the high schools under the direction o f the mission­

aries and in the day schools throughout the field, has increased the past

year from 1,567 to 1,867, the highest so far recorded. The progress o f

churches and communities in the direction of self-support amid the mani­

fold difficulties created by “ pious” foundations, two hundred years o f the papal

policy o f suppression of the individual, and by native covetousness, and a

steadily grow ing poverty is still to be noted. The total o f native contributions

for the work for 1906 was $1,645, as compared with the appropriations o f the

Board o f $1,892. A t the beginning of the year the churches o f Mardin

and M idjat announced that they had become of age and would consequently

I9°7] Eastern Turkey Mission 79

start the year wholly independent, financially, of the Board. The book

department o f the station is wholly self-supporting, as is also the medical

department.

It is well to note in this connection some of the indirect results of the

work during the past fifty years. First, hostility has been changed to an

evangelical form of Christianity. Second, Moslem fanaticism has mollified

its prejudices, especially through the influence o f the medical department.

Third, all the Christian sects have felt the bonds of sacerdotalism loosening

around them, and are beginning to bring a more intelligent lay influence to

bear upon the ecclesiastics and upon the management of their institutions.

Fourth, among all classes and religions a public influence in favor o f educa­

tion has been forming, especially in regard to female education, so that the

Moslems are the only sect that has not done something for the education of

women. Fifth, the homes o f the evangelical community have been wonder­

fully improved, and are one of the most potent object lessons for the other

communities to observe and imitate.

“ The day is breaking upon the hills and over the plains of Mesopotamia,

and the lands of apostolic Christianity are beginning to revert to the evan­

gelical simplicity and spirituality of the gospel o f the Kingdom.”

The Boys’ H igh School has just been placed under the direction of Mr.

Emrich. No detailed report o f the year is at hand.

The Girls’ H igh School.— A number o f women of the community have

conducted morning prayers and visited classes, thus establishing a closer rela­

tion and a deeper feeling o f sympathy between them and the students. The

school has had few er day pupils from the city than formerly, but the whole

number has been larger, namely, 35. Owing to the larger number o f board­

ers and higher prices, the money expended, exclusive o f teachers’ salaries,

has amounted to over £T.30 ($132) more than any previous year. A part of

this was raised by the girls themselves, who volunteered to put in the wood

for the school instead o f hiring outside help.

The class in English made a study of “ Pilgrim ’s Progress,” and also John­

ston’s “ Studies for Personal W orkers.” These books led to many discussions

about the deeper things of life, and an Arabic outline was made of the “ P er­

sonal W orkers” book, thus making the book useful to each girl in the

personal work she promised to do. The spiritual work has been hindered by

the lamentable condition of the church. The Sunday schools and Christian

Endeavor Society, however, and such books as Gordon’s “ Quiet Talks on

Power and P ra y e r” have done much toward stimulating a desire for better

things. There has accordingly been some growth in Christlikeness.

The school makes an urgent plea for at least $6,000 for a new building

which w ill contain rooms for the high school, kindergarten, and quarters for

the missionaries connected with those institutions.

Kindergarten.— The year has been unique, and in some respects the hard­

est for many years past. The lessons in Mother Play, Gifts, Occupations,

etc., have supplied just what was lacking. Seventy little ones were enrolled,

34 girls and 36 boys. The average attendance was 34. On June 14 the

8o Eastern Turkey Mission [Report

school graduated a class of 18. The work done by them was more original

and more satisfactory than ever before. The leaders are planning for a busy

year. They, too, are cramped for lack o f room. They also have to face the

extreme poverty of the people.

V A N

V an was visited for the first time by an official o f the German Hiilfsbund,

Pastor Lohmann. Dr. Barnum, also o f Constantinople, for the first time

since leaving V an in 1882 was enabled to visit the scene o f his early labors.

V an has now two distinct church organizations, each with an efficient

acting pastor. The revived city church now numbers 31 members. The

unity and zeal these manifest are an inspiration to all. O f the Garden church,

the number now in actual residence is 65, while there are 18 members in

different villages, making the whole number now residing in the vilayet 118.

The whole number received to membership since the church was formed

in 1876 is 199. The number now reckoned as adherents in the Gardens is 818,

while the whole number in the vilayet is 1,042; the average church attend­

ance is 1,300, and the attendance at Sunday school, 1,149. The whole num­

ber under instruction in schools and by Bible-women is 1,646; and the sum

of native contributions, $972.52. It is now nearly two years since any new

members have been received into the Garden church, due largely to the fact

that the church has been passing through a crisis over the question of

whether it can do more good for the cause o f evangelical Christianity by

remaining a separate Protestant church organization or o f returning to

the fold o f the mother Gregorian church. The m ajority o f church members

have not sympathized with this agitation. The conduct o f the members

now generally gives hope that the discussion has aroused them to a better

appreciation o f the worth o f the church (Protestant) and of their duties

toward it. M ore are taking part in prayer meetings and Sunday school,

and in other w ays showing their desire to live as active Christians. It is

gratifyin g and almost wonderful that despite these adverse influences evi­

dence is not lacking that the Spirit of God is working among the young

people, particularly among the young men.

Little by little new doors have been opening for village work, especially

as the boys from the orphanage have gone forth to teach in the villages,

and the village communities have come to appreciate the desirability o f hav­

ing such schools. B y outside gifts the station has been enabled to find

useful employment for graduated orphans in more than a dozen different

villages. M ashgudag has now become a well-established outstation. The

women especially are found to be a sympathetic class o f hearers, and next

to them the young men.

Last year the German Hiilfsbund indicated its desire to make permanent

its orphanage work at V an and to provide better accommodations for it,

and so proposes now to assume full charge of the institution. This change

has been made, and a new lot has been purchased about a quarter o f a

mile from the station’s premises, where new buildings are being erected for

1907] Marathi Mission 81

the children, Dr. Raynolds to continue for the present as head of the insti­

tution. A t the same time the Hülfsbund expressed a willingness to take a

share in the general work of the station. A cooperative committee has been

formed to take charge o f the whole work outside of the orphanage, thus

inaugurating the experiment o f carrying on the work of the station jointly.

The political situation has been changed somewhat by the appointment

of a new governor. The delicacy of the situation is very much increased

by the presence and activity of the revolutionists, whose influence has greatly

extended and who assume to control the conduct of all the Armenians both

in the city and in the villages. This increases the difficulty o f our own

work. One of the most regrettable things about the presence of the revolu­

tionists is the open and decided influence against religion and morality which

they exercise.

MARATHI MISSION

B o m b a y .— Byron K. Hunsberger, James Smith, Ordained; Mrs. Elizabeth Hume

Hunsberger, Mrs. Maud Smith, Miss Anna L. Millard.

A h m e d n a g a r .— Robert A . Hume, d .d ., Henry Fairbank, Ordained; D. Carroll

Churchill (industrial expert), Unordained; Mrs. Kate F. Hume, Mrs. Alice H. Church­

ill, Miss Emily R. Bissell, Miss M ary E. Moulton, Miss Jean P. Gordon, Miss Edith

Gates, Miss Ruth P. Hume, m .d,, Miss M. Eleanor Stephenson, m .d.

Since October.— Henry G. Bissell, Robert Ernest Hume, Ordained; Charles H.

3urr, Unordained; Mrs. Theo K. Bissell, Mrs. Laura Caswell Hume, Mrs. Annie Hard­

ing Burr, Miss Elizabeth H. Viles, Miss Clara Harding Bruce.

R a h u r i . — W illiam O. Ballantine, m .d., Ordained; Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine.

S i r u r .— Mrs. M ary C. Winsor.

S a t a r a .— Henry J. Bruce, Ordained; Mrs. Hepsibeth P. Bruce, Miss Louise H.

Grieve, m.d.

S h o l a p u r .— Lorin S . Gates, W illiam Hazen, Ordained; Lester H. Beals, m .d.,

Merrill A. Peacock, Unordained; Mrs. Frances H. Gates, Mrs. Florence H. Hazen,

Mrs. Rose Fairbank Beals, m .d., Mrs. Nellie L. Peacock, Miss M ary B. Harding, Miss

Esther B. Fowler.V a d a l a . — Edward Fairbank, Alden H. Clark, Ordained; Mrs. Mary A. Fairbank,

Mrs. Mary W . Clark.

W a i.— T heodore- Storrs Lee, Ordained; Mrs. Hannah Hume Lee, Mrs. Minnie L.

Sibley.On furlough.— Justin E. Abbott, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Camilla Louise Abbott, Miss

Belle Nugent, Mrs. Em ily D. Harding.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— David Winsor.

Eight stations; 32 outstations; 14 ordained missionaries, of whom one is a physi­

cian; 4 unordained, one of them a physician; 17 w ives; 16 single women, of whom three

are physicians; total missionary force, 49. The native pastors number 26; ordained

preachers not pastors, 10; licensed preachers, 18; Bible-readers, 29; 77 Bible-women;

244 male and 88 female teachers; 4 medical catechists; total number of trained native

Christian workers, 496. The 56 churches have 6,618 communicants: 3,217 men and

3,401 women; 545 were received into the churches on profession o f faith, and 260

children were baptized. In the 175 Sunday schools 8,089 pupils are receiving Christian

instruction. Christians live in 320 villages, and the whole Christian community num­

bers 13,062. The mission has 1 theological seminary, with 20 students; 33 higher and

boarding schools, 150 common schools; a total o f 183 schools, including all grades

82 Marathi Mission [Report

from the kindergarten up. The whole number of pupils in all the schools was 7,167.

The native contributions for the support of Christian work were 7,356 rupees ($2,452)

from the churches; received from fees, 5,847 rupees ($1,949), and from government

grants, 44,264 rupees ($14,754), an increase o f more than $1,300 in receipts from the

government over the previous year.

N o t e . — The chief reason for the falling off in statistics is that those of the Roha

and Lalitpur districts are left out, these having been transferred to other missions

during the year, owing to shortage o f funds.

The annual report o f this mission for 1906, prepared by Miss M ary E.

Moulton, is printed in a pamphlet of eighty-four pages, giving detailed

statements o f each station as well as o f the mission as a whole, all of which

is o f great interest. The changes in the missionary force are not numerous.

Mrs. Elizabeth D. Harding and her daughter, Miss M ary Harding, and Miss

Esther Fowler, who in the last annual report were recorded as on the way

to the mission, have reached their destination; Mrs. H arding residing with

her children, Mr. and Mrs. Churchill at Ahmednagar, Miss H arding and

Miss Fow ler resuming their work in the schools of Sholapur. Since October

Mr. and Mrs. H enry G. Bissell have returned to India; Mr. and Mrs.

Charles H. Burr, Miss Viles, and Miss Bruce have gone as new laborers,

and Mr. and Mrs. D. C. Churchill, heretofore laboring in connection with the

work at Ahmednagar, have received appointment as missionaries and are on

the field.

The report makes tender reference to the death o f two beloved mission­

aries. Mrs. M ary E. Bissell, whose long and devoted service in India for

a period of fifty-five years came to an end in April, 1906, was a w om an

o f unusual vigor and consecration, and rendered a service o f inestimable

value. Mrs. Ruby H arding Fairbank died in December, 1906, after a life

o f great beauty and helpfulness. Mention is made in the report of the visits

Marathi Mission 83

of the two District Secretaries o f the Board, Drs. Creegan and Hitchcock,

and also o f the service of Pres. Charles Cuthbert Hall, d .d ., who has delivered

a second series o f lectures on the Haskell foundation.

T H E L A S T T W E N T Y -F IV E Y E A R S OF T H E M ISSIO N

A n interesting feature of this report is the review of the twenty-five

years o f the mission which have elapsed since the jubilee meeting o f 1881.

Some facts brought to light may well be presented here for permanent record.

The period thus reviewed is marked by growth, which is shown by the follow ­

ing table, giving statistics bqth for the Ahmednagar district and for the

whole mission:

Ahmednagar

Whole

Mission AhmednagarWhole

Mission

1881 1881 1906 1906

Churches 17 24 41 59Pastors 11 14 24 29

Communicants 1.052 1,381 4,484 6,687

Whole community 1,945 2,485 10,142 13,602

Preachers 33 53 27 55Bible-women 12 21 40 99Schools 50 78 64 186

Scholars 964 i ,53i 4,010 7.243Teachers— men 49 80 150 251Teachers— women 7 14 34 90Hindu teachers — all men 0 0 27 54

The only item in this list which does not show a large increase is that

of preachers, though these have nearly doubled within the quarter of a

century. The reason given for this is that the Christian community and

the schools have grown so much that the missionary has not time to train

preachers; general preaching is largely left to the pastors. The number

of Christian girls in schools has within twenty-five years increased nearly

tenfold, from 189 to 1,819. These schools for girls are very prosperous,

and whereas in 1881 there was a single large school at Ahmednagar, there

are now high schools in Ahmednagar and Bombay, and large advanced

schools at all the eight stations of the mission. The development in indus­

trial education is quite noticeable, especially within the past ten years. The

schools at Sirur, Ahmednagar, Sholapur, and Bombay are mentioned as

having made great advance of late.

The medical w ork also shows a large increase. The physician is always

aided by the preacher, and the work in the Ahmednagar hospital for women

and children is an illustration of what the mission seeks to accomplish. The

excellent influence o f this special work is felt not only by the patients who

receive treatment, but by the men and women who have attended the sick

and the suffering, many of whom are being trained as assistants in hospitals

and dispensaries. The blessing of God has most manifestly rested upon

the faithful w ork done during these last twenty-five years, not only in the

number o f those who have openly confessed Christ, but in the removal of

prejudices and the awakening of a spirit of friendliness.

84 Marathi Mission [Report

TH E STATIONS

Bombay.— During 1906 the station was occupied by three missionary

families and one unmarried lady. A t the close of the year Mr. and Mrs.

Peacock were transferred, for reasons o f health, to Sholapur, and shortly

after Dr. and Mrs. Abbott left on furlough. Dr. Abbott reports that the

new church edifice has proved a stimulus to greater activity in the church

life, and that the services o f the Sabbath were very satisfactorily attended.

A Young Men’s Home has been maintained by a committee of the Chris­

tian young men of the church in connection with the missionaries of the

station, and about twenty young men have enjoyed its privileges and have

been cared for until able to maintain themselves. Concerning the high

school Mr. Hunsberger says:

“ Much of the credit for the work of the high school is due to the faith­

ful and painstaking work of the teachers, some of whom have been con­

nected with the school for twenty years. The aim of the school being

distinctly the training of character, a unique method of securing manly

independence has been adopted and has been in successful operation during

the year. The principle o f this method is as follows: A poor boy wishing

to continue in, or for the first time to enter, the school, is given an oppor­

tunity of working at manual work for one year, for which he is paid wages

according to the efficiency of his work. The wages are not paid in cash,

but are credited to him, and out o f these he purchases such necessities as

the principal o f the school may approve. A t the completion of the year of

manual labor he may attend the full course o f studies for the period of

years for which his savings are sufficient to cover his expenses for food,

clothing, and books. W hen this is exhausted he must again take a year of

manual or other labor assigned to him and earn his way for another period

of study. The same arrangement is made possible for those desiring to

attend college. Thus a poor boy can obtain a college education by earning

his way, with self-respect and with the respect of others. Tw o young men

are now in W ilson College who have fully earned sufficient to pay all college

expenses during the remaining year of their course.”

Other schools mentioned in the report of this station are the M cKinley

School, the Seven Roads Girls’ School, the little Boys’ Home, all o f which

have proved helpful— the last named having 120 boys, who are working with

much spirit and eagerness.

In Bowker H all the number of girls was 128. Miss M illard reports

concerning the School for the Blind that there are 30 boys and 20 girls in

the institution. Several o f the children are making remarkable progress,

and some of them can read Marathi and English with their fingers more

readily than a seeing child of the same age.

D uring the year Dr. Abbott devoted half his time as a member o f the

British and Foreign Bible Society’s Committee, who are revising the Marathi

Bible. The revised New Testament is being put through the press, and the

revision o f the Old Testament has been begun.

Dr. Abbott has had charge of the Dnyanodaya, the Anglo-M arathi paper,

i9°7] Marathi Mission 85

which has now entered upon its sixty-fifth year and is still proving an excel­

lent agency for reaching Hindu readers, both Christians and non-Christians.

Rev. S. V . Karm arkar has labored diligently and successfully in evan­

gelistic lines, while his wife, Dr. Gurubai Karmarkar, has continued her

notable medical work. Dr. Karm arkar visited England during the year to

attend the Young W omen’s Christian Association Convention in Paris as

a delegate from India, afterwards taking some studies in London hospitals.

Mr. Karm arkar has spent four months in tent work with the purpose of

reaching the educated classes, large numbers gathering in the tents on

Saturdays and Sundays. From two to five hundred persons hear the gospel

in the course o f one meeting. From these meetings a number o f inquirers

have been led to seek Christian instruction in the W ord of God. Mr.

Karm arkar was the India delegate to the All-W orld Students’ Federation,

lately convened in Japan, and had a share in the all-Asia movement for inter­

racial visitation for the evangelization of the Asiatic peoples.

Ahmednagar.— An important event of the year in review is the comple­

tion and dedication of the commodious and stately church edifice in Ahmed­

nagar. The previous edifice was quite unattractive and altogether inade­

quate and unsatisfactory. The new edifice will seat 1,200 in its main

department, and it has four smaller rooms for various purposes. The build­

ing has a fine dome, and is intended to be strictly Oriental in its architecture,

avoiding all adornments which would be objectionable to Hindus or Moham­

medans. Pres. Charles Cuthbert Hall, in warm appreciation of this edifice

and its value in the place where it stands, says:

“ It is not a bit of the W est set down in the East. It is in spirit and

mode an Oriental building, and yet it is distinctively a Christian house o f

worship. The most casual visitor could not mistake it for anything else.”

A n inscription on the outside wall, both in English and Marathi, says,

“ This is God’s house; every one is invited to enter and worship.” No

building in India, it is said, bears a similar invitation, for men o f other

religions are not allowed to enter Hindu temples or Mohammedan mosques

except with restrictions. The building was dedicated October 24, and the

services were conducted by Indian Christian leaders. None o f the cost came

from the Am erican Board or from the mission, but was met chiefly from

the gifts o f friends in Am erica or from Anglo-Indian officials and others

in India. The pastor’s salary and many incidental items are met by the

tithes and contributions of church members and other worshipers.

The Theological Seminary.— This seminary, which had been closed for

three years, was reopened in 1906, and a large class o f 20 students was

formed. The students received had proved faithful and successful in Chris­

tian work, and gave promise of profiting by the instruction they were to

receive. Dr. Robert Hume, who is at the head of the institution, is assisted

during the absence of Mr. Bissell by Rev. N. V. Tilak, a native ordained

evangelist o f scholarship and spiritual power. He has given instruction

in church history and comparative religions.

The H igh School.— Rev. Henry Fairbank had charge of the mission high

86 Marathi Mission [Report

school until Mr. Smith’s return in June. The literary department o f this

school had nearly 600 pupils, with 18 teachers. Record was made o f the

fact that since 1882, when the school was opened, 2,893 pupils have been

enrolled in the high and middle division, while probably 1,000 have been

enrolled in the preparatory department. These pupils are now scattered

in various parts of India and are doing good w ork; and it is found that the

graduates of several castes from the highest to the lowest carried the friend­

ships they had formed in the school out into the world into which they have

gone.

Reference is made to the Sir D. M. Petit School of Industrial Arts, in

which the 300 pupils attend school half the day and the workshops the other

half. Here the boys secure a training which is designed to make them quite

self-supporting. A small furniture factory has been started, which for

several months has been kept very busy with orders. That the boys are

capable and industrious is shown by the fact that the industrial department

occupies a building which is 35 feet by 90 feet in size, and three stories

high.

A boys’ hostel, or dormitory, which by a recent addition now accom­

modates 300 boys, has been named H arris Hall, in honor o f Lord Harris,

a late governor o f Bombay, who gave the site for the hostel and the land

adjoining for the principal’s house. The expenditure in all the departments

o f the high school was about $20,000, of which the Am erican Board con­

tributed only about five per cent. The balance came from government

grants, donations, fees, and sale of by-products, which term is used in the

report with a note, “ The articles m anufactured” ; for, it is added, “ the

products of the school are men, and these other manufactured articles are

the by-products.”

A quiet revival in the high school is reported by Rev. Henry Fairbank

as follows: “ About a year ago there was a quiet but most real season of

spiritual blessing and refreshment among the high school boys. There was

already a stirring of desire in the hearts of some when Mrs. Smith spoke

to them about the desirability o f a revival and the need o f praying for one.

Some most interesting meetings were held in the hostel, and the boys were

evidently spiritually quickened. One Sunday, at the close o f the afternoon

service, they asked permission to continue the service. H ardly had the

preacher pronounced the benediction before the boys began praying. One

after another they offered most simple and earnest prayers for the forgive­

ness o f sin, for growth in holiness, for the coming o f the Spirit in their

hearts. The praying went on for about fifteen minutes, and the increase

in attention and spiritual power was most noticeable. Then one of the

boys rose and chanted verse after verse o f the 136th Psalm, while the whole

body of girls and boys joined in the refrain, ‘ for H is mercy endureth for­

ev er’ ; the effect was thrilling. I, for one, felt God’s presence in that hall

as I had never felt it before. I was asked to make the closing prayer.

W hat especially filled me was the thought that I was a poor weak child,

like them all, and that God had spiritual blessing and grace for all alike,

i9°7] Marathi Mission 87

who asked him for them. Then quietly we dispersed, but the influence of

that meeting, and the meetings held about that time, has not yet waned.

Those who know the boys testify that since then their lives have changed

for the better.”

Mr. Churchill, who for five years has been laboring independently of

the Board, though in heartiest sympathy with our missionaries, has recently

received appointment as a missionary o f the Board. He reports that during

the past year the boys and girls in his weaving school have made evident

progress. H e has invented a new loom, requiring new weaving machinery.

This present effort at which he is working hopefully is “ to produce a simple

loom which will turn out good cloth, in sufficient quantity, by an average

low caste Indian o f three or four years’ training.”

The Normal School.— The Christian Literature Society of England has

maintained a normal school in Ahmednagar for over forty years. From

it the m ajority o f teachers for the primary mission schools of the Marathi

country have graduated. This society, originally called Christian Vernacular

Education Society, has now turned its attention solely to the publication of

Christian literature, and has given up the normal school. Being indispensable

in supplying teachers, the Am erican Mission has had to assume its manage­

ment since it closed last June. Boys in the normal department spend two

hours a day in teaching in the practice school. The former are from fifteen

to twenty years o f age.

The Bible-W om en’s Training Class, which was in charge of Mrs. Henry

Fairbank, has had a successful year, and enrolled eight women in the train­

ing class, studying to become proficient in teaching the Bible in the Hindus'

homes.

The Girls’ Boarding School.— Since Miss Nugent came home Miss Gordon

and Miss Gates have been associate principals. Tw o hundred and eighty-five

pupils have been enrolled in the vernacular department, and a total of over

600 in all the departments. The lace school, an industrial enterprise con­

nected with this school, has an efficient European superintendent. A ll

departments have earned high praise and good grants-in-aid from the

government.

Three schools for non-Christian girls for the first part of the year were

in charge of Miss Moulton, and since May were given to Miss Emily Bissell.

They have afforded great gratification to the teachers, and have drawn forth

from the government inspector appreciative and encouraging words.

T H E M E D IC A L W ORK

The Hospital.— Dr. Ruth Hume reports that the hospital and dispensary

for women and children, attended by herself and Dr. Eleanor Stephenson,

have increased in efficiency during the year, with a larger number of patients

and of operations. Am ong the patients are many Mohammedans and

Brahmans and others o f high caste. D r. Beals reports that his work in

Ahmednagar shows an increase of about twenty-five per cent in the number

of outpatients and a similar increase in the amount contributed by the

88 Marathi Mission [Report

patients toward the support o f the work. The total number of patients

treated in Ahmednagar and vicinity by these physicians in 1906 was 15,521.

Since June, 1907, Dr. and Mrs. Beals have been transferred to Sholapur.

The whole burden of the medical work in Ahmednagar now falls on the

two lady physicians.

The Parner District extends southwest and northwest o f Ahmednagar.

having a population o f 71,000, in which are 6 churches, having 431 com­

municants. The total Christian community is a little less than 1,000. There

are 20 schools and 22 teachers, with 247 pupils. The plan is that there

shall be within the district so many centers o f Christian work that no one

need go more than four miles to join in worship with fellow-Christians.

In this way the local village church becomes more vigorous. A daily service

of worship is held in every town where a Christian worker lives. Self-

support is thus encouraged. This district is provided for by the State

Street Church in Portland, Me., which pledged itself to send out $1,116

for this purpose, thus more than doubling its previous gifts for foreign

missions.

The Kolgaon District extends some thirty miles south of Ahmednagar,

and contains ninety-eight villages, with five churches. In the absence of

Rev. H enry G. Bissell during the year, Dr. Robert A . Hume has had the

general supervision of the district, aided efficiently by Rev. Balwantrao C.

U jgare, a son of the first convert in this district. The acting pastor of the

church at Kolgaon is a student in the theological seminary, coming each

Sunday to conduct services, and is a younger son of the same first convert

of fifty years ago.

The Jeur District.— Miss Moulton reports much encouragement from

the quickened spiritual condition of the workers. The prayers at the work­

ers’ monthly meetings have revealed a deeper life than formerly. Four times

during the year it has seemed wise to lay aside all work and meet for an

extra day o f prayer and conference. There have been 19 baptisms and 13

have united with the churches. The total number o f the Christian com­

munity is 852. The plan for the Jeur church was made August 27, 1901..

which was the fiftieth anniversary o f Mrs. M. E. Bissell’s arrival in India.

On the 25th o f August last there was completed and dedicated a stone

building 50 feet by 25 feet, a large number o f people coming from Ahmed­

nagar for the service. The gifts for the construction of this edifice came

from India, Am erica, and England. It is a fitting memorial o f a noble and

devoted life.

The Vadala District.— There are 12 churches in this district, which

has a population of 60,000, under the care o f Rev. and Mrs. Edward Fair-

bank and Rev. and Mrs. Alden H. Clark. The schools have had unusual

prosperity, the region having been exempted from the ravages of the plague

to a good degree, though famine conditions have been more or less prevalent.

These schools are doing much for the breaking down of caste, there being

an attendance in the schools of Brahman, Marathi, Mahar, and Mang

boys and girls, representing the main castes from high to low. There is

Marathi Mission 89

a demand for new schools. Mr. Fairbank speaks particularly of ten villages

that have petitioned for help in opening Christian schools. O f one experi­

ence he writes: “ On one of my tours I passed through the village o f Hana-

mant Takli. The villagers heard of my coming and prepared to detain

me. Oleander flowers from the river bed were gathered in abundance,

and wreaths and garlands made for the occasion. The rest house was

adorned with these and other flowers. A n improvised pulpit was set up,

and even a dinner was prepared for me. On my arrival I was taken to

the rest house and asked to preach. The entire village had turned out.

They listened a good three-quarters of an hour while I told them of the

Christian life. A fter this they urged their claims for a Christian school.

They would give the site for the school building and put it up, and the

children from all castes would attend. The different castes of the village

were constantly quarreling with each other, but they were of one mind in

this thing— their need of a mission school. W hat could I do? A fter all

this I had to tell them that I could not give any promise or assurance. I did

not mention reductions, but I felt their weight. Since then these people

have walked into Vadala, twenty-two miles, three times, to ask for the

school. There have recently been over forty baptisms among them, and

they are more urgent than ever for the school.”

Another incident reported by Mr. Fairbank is that of a girl who had

been in an orphanage during the famine, and returned to her Hindu rela­

tives residing in a village twelve miles from Vadala. “ There was not a

Christian in the village. She immediately opposed her relatives in their

worship of idols, which she told them were only of wood and stone. She

began to read to them regularly in the evenings from the Bible. H er rela­

tives then came to us and urged that we allow the girl, only twelve years

old, to stay here in our school. She was taken in. A fter a few months she

came forward to be baptized. A t this time she urged that her relatives

should be visited, saying that she was afraid that they would otherwise die

Hindus. A preacher went to the village and has kept visiting it regularly

ever since, with the result that Sunday before last twenty-five from the

village were baptized, and others are to follow.”

The report is made of movements looking toward the independence of the

churches, which is a difficult matter in the villages, where the people are

comparatively few and their poverty is great. This present healthy move­

ment, originating with some of the leaders of the Christian community,

gives good ground for hoping that a few of the older and stronger churches

will exert themselves earnestly for independence.

Mr. Clark reports that the schools in Vadala itself, for which he has

had responsibility, have prospered the past year, having an enrollment of

about 150, of whom 40 were famine orphans. He says: ‘ 'W e have had the

satisfaction of seeing boys formerly listless, unhappy, and difficult to manage

become industrious, happy, and orderly, because they have found their sphere

in industrial work.”

Rahuri.— This district is under the care of Dr. W illiam 0 . Ballantine

9 ° M arathi Mission [Report

and his wife. For a part of the time Rev. and Mrs. N. V . T ilak assisted.

In the latter portion of the year they removed to Ahmednagar, where

Mr. Tilak was an instructor in the theological seminary. The district has

a population of 95,000, the Christian community numbering 2,172; 10 churches

have an enrolled membership o f 1,001, of whom 32 were received on con­

fession the past year.

Dr. Ballantine reports that the boys’ and girls' schools have shown

marked improvement, and that the English middle school in Rahuri has re­

ceived a government grant of 400 rupees. Other schools have received higher

grants than ever before. In the kindergarten department 55 little ones are

daily taught, with most encouraging results. These schools are receiving

much commendation from the government inspectors. Dr. Ballantine reports

that his medical work has been constant, people coming from long distances

as well as from the immediate vicinity. He has made several tours through

the district, visiting some of the villagers more than once, accompanied

usually by a native helper, and thus being able to reach many people, both

men and women. O f one place visited, Ukalgaon, he says: “ An interesting

company of Mangs (outcastes) came together for a special service, at

which 8 adults and 2 children were baptized. The eagerness of the people

to hear preaching has increased of late }rears to a marked degree. A t one

place 80 women of different castes assembled in the village schoolyard, and

we held a long conference with them. The Hindu women as well as the

Christian ones repeated verses and told Bible stories and sang Christian

hymns together. The faithful work of the teacher in the place for the past

twelve years seemed to be bearing much precious fruit in all that we saw

and heard around us on that eventful day. The talks of our helpers were

an inspiration to us, as well as to the people for whom they were designed.”

Sirur.— Since the death of Mr. W insor in March, 1905, no ordained

missionary has been stationed at Sirur. The whole work has been carried

on efficiently by Mrs. W insor, aided by her son, Mr. D avid W . W insor,

who has been o f special service in connection with the industrial school

and the allied station school. Though the plague has been prevalent at

intervals throughout the district, Mrs. W insor can report that not one

Christian was stricken by the disease, and no person who had been inocu­

lated had been attacked. This exemption of the Christians and the others

who had been under treatment of Dr. Beals and Dr. Archibald W insor

made a great impression upon all classes, and at a special thanksgiving

service, held in March last, Hindus and Mussulmans alike looked on in

amazement.

Reference is made in Mrs. W insor’s report to the excellent fruits of

the D exter Home for W idows, and the great interest shown by the mothers

in the church in their monthly meetings for prayer. The Bible Society is

supporting a colporter and a Bible-woman within the district, and the

villagers welcome these bearers of the W ord of God. The orphans who

have been trained at the station are many of them taking important posi­

tions in l i fe — some as teachers, some as artisans, and all are useful

Christians.

i9°7] M arathi Mission 9 1

The Beverly School for Girls has had a good year. In the Sir D. M.

Petit Industrial School the usual work has been carried on and great

progress has been made, showing that the plan of combining industrial work

with other studies results admirably.

A large number of visitors have borne recent testimony to the value

of the work at Sirur, among them Lord Lamington, the governor of the

Bombay Presidency, and other government officials, one of whom, after

expressing his great gratification at witnessing the work presided over by

Mrs. W insor and Mr. David W insor, says, “ I have not seen better schools

in India.”

Satara.— The station has been in charge, as usual, o f Mr. and Mrs. Bruce

and Dr. Grieve, aided for a part of the year by Mr. and Mrs. Henry Fair-

bank. Mr. Bruce refers to a change of attitude on the part of the people

in recent years. Christians are not despised as formerly, and ready atten­

tion is given to the preached Word. A n exceptional experience is reported,

that after many years of quietness in connection with street preaching there

was last year a serious assault upon one of the pastors who was preaching

near the bazaar. A policeman, who undertook to remove the preachers, was

subsequently punished by a fine imposed by the superintendent of police.

The Columbian Press, which for twenty-five years has done such a broad

and valuable work, producing and scattering several millions of tracts, has

been suspended; Mr. Bruce, who has had sole responsibility for this enter­

prise, having been unable to carry it forward as heretofore. The whole

mission deems this as a distinct loss to its evangelistic work. Mrs. Bruce,

who has had charge of the Bible-women, reports that there are six of them

in different parts of the city and the near villages. She has also had over­

sight of the station school, with its four regular teachers.

Dr. Grieve speaks of the year, the fifth of her medical work in that

station, as the hardest in its history, and yet the year of greatest blessing.

It has drawn its support entirely from fees from patients and from volun­

tary contributions. Patients are brought in from long distances, the m ajority

of them being middle and high caste Hindus. The dispensary was not closed

for a day. An unusually severe plague epidemic began in October, and

the mortality was great. Dr. Grieve has been judged to be more than

ordinarily successful in her treatment of this dread epidemic. Testimonies

to her unstinted devotion in her profession and her Christlike spirit are

abundant.

Sholapur.— This district has 8 churches, with 806 communicants, and a

Christian community nearly twice as large. The First Church, in charge

of the excellent native pastor, has been doing a very successful work. This

church contributes toward the salary of a teacher in the leper asylum, in

care of Dr. Keskar, who has also 2 orphanages and 6 schools in addition to

his dispensary. This gentleman is not connected officially or financially

with the Board. The number of such is on the increase in India.

The Second Church, of Sholapur, is composed entirely of lepers. The

death of Dr. K eskar’s w ife is referred to as a great loss to the work.

92 M arathi M ission [Report

Regular services have been held in English in the Railroad Institute. The

village schools afford valuable means o f evangelization in the neighboring

towns. These schools show a steady improvement. The people are coming

to a better appreciation of the helpfulness of industrial training for their

children.

Mrs. Gates reports that there are 5 Bible-women at work in the city

and 7 in the villages from five to fifty miles distant. Women from all

classes are met and taught. Mr. Hazen reports, in connection with the

grow ing boys’ school: “ W hile revival movements, more or less intense, have

been going on in various parts o f India, there has been taking place in

Sholapur a real revival o f spiritual religion. It has not been manifested

in the conventional forms that are generally supposed to be essential to

revivals, but it is none the less real and pervasive. This deepening of the

spiritual life manifests itself in the spirit of prayer which has taken posses­

sion of our workers, in the earnest desire for blessing to themselves and

those for whom they work, and in the earnest seeking for God’s help in

all their endeavors. It manifests itself in the greater interest in the things

o f the hfgher life noticeable among our school pupils, their zeal in Bible

study, their readiness to pray, their willingness to work, their greatly im­

proved behavior, the greater ease with which discipline is maintained, and

the large number who have offered themselves for admission to the church.

Fully 30 boys have been admitted to the church this year, a larger number

than at any time before since my work here began.”

Wai.— Mr. and Mrs. Lee and Mrs. Sibley have resided at W ai. Miss

Gordon, who has been connected with the station, was transferred tempo­

rarily, on account of the special needs, to the Ahmednagar girls’ boarding

school.

W ai is a stronghold o f Brahmanism, and there has been some fierce

opposition to Christian work. The native pastor has been full of courage,

abounding in good works, encouraging all the preachers and teachers, who

have had a trying year. Y e t the year, Mr. Lee says, has been one of spiritual

growth and quickening. The attendance at the village schools has been

good, and the people are steadfast and enthusiastic. Mrs. Sibley reports

that the Bible-women have wrought efficiently amid some open hostility to

the work. It has been a time of trial for the workers at W ai, but the very

darkness o f ,the place in spiritual things makes a greater demand for the

true light.

Since the report for the year was printed, the mission at its annual

meeting has been compelled to consider its present situation. In view of

the need o f more missionaries, money, and native helpers, the question has

been soberly raised whether it would not be expedient to concentrate forces

more and turn over to some other missionary organization, or abandon, one

or two of the present stations, W ai and Satara being mentioned first. Last

year the Roha district was thus given over. The year before Lalitpur was

closed. N ow shall Satara and W ai be subjected to a similar treatment?

E very one in the mission would deprecate such a course, if it could possibly

1907] Madura Mission 93

be avoided. It can be avoided only by additional reenforcements. W ith

this thought in mind a passage from the report of the mission for the past

year may well be quoted here. It is from a special message to the officers

and Prudential Committee o f the Board: “ None of our stations can be

combined. W e should not be compelled to close any. W ith justice to

conserving the fruits o f past efforts, or to entering into present opportu­

nities which others cannot improve, we cannot accept the alternative of

less money or few er missionaries. W e most earnestly ask for more men

and more missionaries. T o particularize a few of our most urgent imme­

diate needs, we would specify: For Bombay, a kindergartner and an addi­

tional fam ily; for Sirur, an ordained missionary fam ily; for Satara, an

additional fam ily and one or two ladies; for W ai, a married medical mis­

sionary; for Rahuri, an additional fam ily; for Ahmednágar, an expert in

modern pedagogy, ordained, if possible, to be at the head of a reorganized

normal school for training teachers o f both sexes; and two trained ladies,

qualified for positions in the large girls’ school and the Bible-women’s train­

ing school. This is the minimum which we can indicate for partially meeting

our present urgent needs. For such a speedy reenforcement we make a most

earnest appeal.”

MADURA MISSION

M a d u r a .— W illiam W . Wallace, David S. Herrick, Ordained; Mrs. Dency T . M.

Herrick, Miss Eva M . Swift, Miss Bessie B. Noyes, Miss M ary T . Noyes, Miss Harriet

E. Parker, m .d.

D i n d i g u l . — W illis P . Elwood, Ordained; Mrs. Agnes A . Elwood.

T i r u m a n g a la m .-— Hervey C. Hazen, Ordained; Mrs. Hattie C. Hazen.

P a s u m a l a i .— John P. Jones, d.d., John X. Miller, Ordained; Mrs. Sarah A. Jones,

Mrs. M argaret Y . Miller.P e r i a k u l a m . — James E. Tracy, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Fannie S. Tracy.

A r u p p u k o t t a i . — James C. Perkins, Ordained; Mrs. Lucy C. Perkins.

B a t t a l a g u n d u . — In charge of George Sherwood Eddy and Mrs. Maude A. Eddy.M e l u r . — Edward P. Holton, Ordained; M r s . Gertrude M . Holton.

P a l a u 1.— No missionary.

M a n a m a d u r a .-— Charles S. Vaughan, Ordained; Mrs. M . Ella Vaughan.

In this country.— John S. Chandler, Frank Van Allen, m .d., Franklin E. Jeffery,

W illiam M. Zumbro, John J. Banninga, Ordained; Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler, Mrs.

Harriet D. Van Allen, Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery, Mrs. Mary D. Banninga, Mrs. Genevieve

T. W allace, Miss Helen E. Chandler.

On the way out.— Miss M ary M. Root.Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Mile. Cronier.

In England.— Miss C. S. Quickenden.Ten stations; 15 ordained missionaries, one a physician; 14 w ives; 7 single women,

one a physician; total American missionaries, 36; 22 Indian pastors; 160 catechists and evangelists; 84 Bible-women; 206 schoolmasters and 139 schoolmistresses; 32 medical

agents; total number of trained native agents, 643. The churches number 36, o f which 16 are self-supporting; the membership numbers 6,227, an increase of 415. The Chris­

tian adherents number 19,812. These are to be found in 524 villages and are organ­

ized into 381 congregations. The average Sabbath attendance was 11,270. The Sab­

bath schools number 292, with an attendance of 8,237. The membership of the Y . P.

94Madura Mission [Report

Madura Mission 95

S. C. E. is 4,225. Itineracies, 51 in number, covered 355 days of encampment in 3,258

separate villages. The number of hearers was 205,665. The Bible-women instructed

in their homes 4,543 women and addressed 124,198 hearers. The 2 hospitals and 1

branch dispensary treated 45,878 patients. The mission has 1 theological school, with

41 students; 1 Bible school for women, with 13 students; total number under Chris­

tian instruction in schools of all grades, 8,736. Eighty-one pupils united with the

church during the year. Native contributions for the year amounted to 12,140 rupees

($4,047), and the fees collected in schools to $7,095.

The mission has been strengthened by the appointment of Miss Catherine

S. Quickenden, an English lady who had already served a term in Arup-

pukottai as an associate w orker; but it has been weakened by the large

number o f missionaries on furlough at one time. Mr. Banninga, after a

long and heroic struggle to overcome disease in his system without leav­

ing the field, was obliged to take furlough with Airs. Banninga and seek

restoration in the United States. Dr. V an Allen, Mr. and Mrs. Jeffery and

their children, and Mrs. W allace and her children have also come on fur­

lough. Miss Chandler is expecting to return to Madura this fall, and Miss

Root is now on her way to the field.

On the field Mr. and Mrs. Elwood have been appointed to Dindigul

station in place o f Mr. Jeffery; Mr. Holton to Melur station in place of

Mr. Banninga, and Dr. Parker has been placed in charge of the general

hospital in addition to her work in the woman’s hospital. The Board and

the mission are under the greatest obligations to Mr. G. Sherwood Eddy

a t this time for taking charge o f the Battalagundu station for the current

year, when there was no one available to fill the vacancy. Mr. Eddy is one

of the secretaries of the Indian National Council of Young Men’s Chris­

tian Associations, and is well qualified by his previous residence in the

■district, and especially by the fact that in 1903 he rendered a similar service

to the mission by spending the best part of the year in itinerating with the

theological students. The removal of Mr. and Mrs. Elwood to Dindigul

leaves the Palani station vacant, and that of Mr. and Mrs. Holton to Melur

throws all the work o f the large station in Manamadura on to Mr. and

Mrs. Vaughan. A s that station has also recently lost one of its two Indian

pastors, the burden upon Mr. Vaughan is a heavy one.

The season has been fairly prosperous, as rains have fallen in good time,

though prices have continued high, and therefore the poor have suffered.

But a great and unusual calamity has fallen upon many individuals and

agencies in this mission, as well as upon others all over South India, in the

failure) of the private banking firm of Arbuthnot and Company. For 106 years

this firm held the leading place among the business firms o f Madras, and it

w as trusted by individuals and societies o f all races and religions, and its

head had been knighted by Queen V ictoria; and yet such frauds were

practiced in the conduct of the business that when the bank failed there

were practically no assets to counterbalance enormous debts. Not more

than $500 of the Board’s money was involved, but mission funds to the

•extent o f $13,000 were swept away. A heavy loss falls upon the college

in its several departments, as endowment funds amounting to nearly $6,000

9 6 Madura Mission [Report

had been deposited with this firm. The W idows’ Aid Society had $3,333

involved in the failure.

STATION CENTERS

Madura Municipality, with its population of 106,000, is the headquarters

o f the mission. H ere reside the mission treasurer, the two physicians, the

lady superintendents o f Bible-women’s work and Hindu girls’ schools, and

the several principals o f the college, o f Capron Hall Girls’ School, and of

the L ucy P erry Noble Bible School.

Am ong the prominent buildings connected with the work are the two-

large hospitals, Indiana Hall, Capron Hall, the East Gate and W est Gate

churches, the high school building, and the new college hall in process o f

erection on a campus of eighteen acres in the northern section of the city.

These, with the various school buildings scattered in all parts of the city,,

are, with their sites, the property o f the Board, and constitute a most useful

plant for efficient work. W ithin their walls thousands gather daily to receive

instruction and training, or medical treatment, as the case may be.

Dindigul Municipality is thirty-eight miles north of Madura and contains-

25,182 people, 3,175 being Mussulmans and 3,947 Christians, Roman Catholic

and Protestant. It is an important center o f trade; and travel between

Madura and the north and west. The Christian community connected with

this station has increased by 851- in the last six years, and Mr. Jeffery

left it feeling that there was promise of further rapid growth. Three new

prayer houses and two brick churches have been erected, and one o f them,

costing 1,000 rupees, was built entirely at the expense of the people.

Tirumangalam is a town of 8,894 people, thirteen miles southwest o f

Madura. H ere in 1842 Dr. W illiam T racy started the seminary that grew

into the large institutions o f learning now established in Pasumalai and

M adura. It was in one o f the villages of this station that the first pastor

o f the mission w as ordained. It was in 1855, when the first deputation o f

the Board was present, and Dr. Anderson assisted in the ordination serv­

ice. That church has seen other churches and strong congregations grow

up around it.

Pasumalai is the Christian settlement two and one-half miles from Madura,

containing the mission high, normal, and theological schools. The Chris­

tians number 657. The settlement is situated at the foot o f the hill o f the

same name, consisting o f quartz rock and gravel, and from its base Madura

City receives gravel for macadamizing its streets. Here, too, is the mission

press that publishes two small papers, and sent forth last year 127,460 books

and tracts o f all kinds.

Periakulam Municipality is forty-nine miles north o f west from Madura

and contains 17,960 inhabitants. One of the workers first came in touch

with the mission in school. A s pupil, then as pupil-teacher, and then as

trained teacher, he grew into a realizing appreciation o f Christian truth,

and last year gladly made his confession of faith in Christ. W ith himself

were baptized his w ife and three children. Another and more striking illus­

i9°7 ] Madura Mission 97

tration o f the progress of mission work comes from a village in the southern

part o f the station through Dr. T racy: “ Deacon Masilamoney was among

the very earliest converts, nearly sixty years ago. He was the only convert

in the village at first, but today there are none but Christians in the village.

His children and grandchildren to the number of forty-five are all Chris­

tians, and are scattered in various places in the district. His funeral was

largely attended by Hindus and Mohammedans from neighboring villages,

who had known his life and character.” He died at the age of eighty-five.

Aruppukottai is a town of 23,633 people, though not yet organized into

a municipality. It is thirty miles south of Madura, and is a center of the

cotton district. H arvest festivals are an important feature of Christian

work here, as in other stations. O f this feature Mr. Perkins writes: “ To

a missionary it is distracting to the last degree to get up to speak in a

church crowded with a noisy congregation, on a platform almost hidden

with plantain leaves and covered with bags of rice, grains, and vegetables,

together with a number o f crowing and fighting chickens, a few bleating

lambs, and perhaps a pig or two, and this all in the intense heat of the

last of M arch or the first part o f April. But we must remember that the

Oriental is different from us, and it is not for us to lay down rules for

him to follow in order to be benefited by a religious service.”

Battalagundu is a village o f 10,665 people, thirty-three miles northwest

of Madura, and on the line o f travel between Dindigul and Madura on the

one side and Periakulam and the mountains on the other. The Christians

appreciate education, and many mission workers have come out of this

small station.

M elur is situated eighteen miles northeast of Madura and contains 10.100

people. This region is the terminus of the great Periyar Project, whereby

the land once arid is now irrigated by the water of the P eriyar River, 125

miles away among the western Ghats. The large population of this station

is distributed in 467 villages, and only twenty-seven of them have Christians

in them. It is a great field for work.

Palani Municipality is seventy-five miles northwest of Madura and con­

tains 17,168 people. There is no resident missionary here at present. One

of its congregations has, in the interest of comity, been transferred to the

care o f the London Missionary Society, as it was situated in their district,

and was only cared for by our mission because that society had not until

recently been able to look after it.

Manamadura is a village of 5,032 inhabitants, thirty miles southeast of

Madura. It has been the scene of various reductions the past year. A

private dispensary that had done much good in previous years was closed

for want of funds; an experimental farm and industrial school were dis­

continued for the same reason, and because of a change of policy on the

part o f government officials that affected the school and farm ; and the

missionary force has been reduced from two families to one. But progress

is shown in evangelistic and educational lines.

98 Madura Mission [Report

CHURCHES

One of the pastorates in Dindigul station added 106 to its membership;

one in Periakulam added 66; one in Aruppukottai, 59; and the Pasumalai

church added 51. The 35 churches increased their membership by 415, an

average o f nearly 12 for each church. Many of them had seasons o f special

blessing in the quickening of their spiritual life. In several of the stations

women taught in their homes by Bible-women have been received into the

church, one being a Brahman widow. In the mountains of Dindigul station

a man and w ife of a hill tribe have come into the church. Three Hindu

students and about 50 Christian students united with the church in Pasumalai

as the result o f the revival meetings. Not less than a hundred of the boys

testified to blessings received and to having realized a new spirit of

consecration.

There has been much activity among the Christians in preaching the

gospel and giving their offerings for that purpose. In a hamlet six miles

from Madura, where there is but one Christian family, the head of that

family has given half the cost of a new schoolhouse, and the Madura East

Gate Church has supplied the other half, besides paying half the running

expenses o f the school in order to have a center for teaching and preach­

ing Bible truth.

In the Periakulam station a small band of those who in their childhood

had been sent to school by the late missionary, Mr. Noyes, together with their

families, have formed a society, called the Preaching Band of the Children

of Xoyes and Other Missionaries, which undertakes to spend one week

each year in itinerating and preaching among the Hindus at the expense

o f the band. T hey invite the assistance of their fellow-Christians, and

offer for ten rupees (three and one-third dollars) to conduct an itineracy

of seven days with ten workers. They receive more than this each year,

and have now printed a report o f their proceedings and finances entitled,

“ Grateful W ork for Christ in Memory of Former Foreign Missionaries.”

But the chief work of the Indian Christians of the mission is the Koiloor

Mission of the N ative Evangelical Society. Koiloor is a village in the

northern part o f the Dindigul station, containing 1,224 people, 704 of them

being Mohammedans and only 507 Hindus, the other 13 being Christians.

For its work in this region the society maintains an evangelist, a Bible-

woman, and two teachers. In- two years the workers have gathered a

Christian community o f 36. The Bible-woman is supported by the women

of the churches.

MEDICAL WORK

The sick, like the poor, are always with us, and there is no cessation

for medical work. The hospitals have done full work in treating thousands

o f cases, surgical and medical. The endowment fund for Dr. V an Allen’s

work amounts to $6,000. Dr. H arriet Parker has also received a liberal

g ift o f 1,000 rupees from a zemindar towards new quarters for the employees

of the woman’s hospital. One woman walked forty miles to get relief from

1907] Madura Mission 99

a constant irritation in one eye. It was easily relieved, but she had no idea

o f the cause o f her distress (grow ing eyelashes), and would have lost her

eye if not treated. The government civil surgeon visited the hospital and

wrote: “ I inspected the hospital today. There are 28 inpatients, and 82

outpatients were treated today. There is a large amount of good work

turned out here. The hospital was clean, and everything was in good order.”

But all the medical work is not confined to the hospitals nor to the

trained physicians. Many a worker is called upon in times of emergency

to treat the sick as best he can in the absence of medical assistants. In

Dindigul station, as reported by Mr. Jeffery, “ a fierce scourge of cholera

broke out in a village and raged for a month. From six to eight persons

were seized daily. The people were greatly terrified.” A Hindu magician

pretended to drive the disease away, but himself died the next day. “ The

catechist, on the other hand, became both doctor and nurse to the sufferers.

He got a good supply of medicines and fought the disease both night and

day. He treated 150 cases and lost only nine.” In an adjoining village there

were 200 deaths.

This same scourge attacked the high and normal schools at Pasumalai.

On its first appearance it spread so rapidly that the boys were all sent

home. Only one died, and the disease seemed to be eradicated. But later

on, when the boys returned, one of them brought the germs from his village.

This time the schools were not dismissed, and not less than fifty boys were

attacked. Four died at school, and three more at their homes. One was a

Hindu convert, and he bore such beautiful testimony to the saving power of

Christ, even while suffering the agonies of cholera, that later on his class­

mates planted their class tree in memory of this James Rengappan. During

this epidemic neither love nor money could secure help from the many;

but the few unselfish ones gave themselves willingly to the dangerous work

o f nursing the sick. They had a noble example in the devoted and heroic

exertions of Mr. and Mrs. Miller, whereby lives were saved, and these

missionaries endeared themselves to the whole Christian community.

EDUCATION

The village schools are often the brightest centers of mission influence.

A n illustration of their worth is given by Mr. Elwood in writing o f the

Palani station. “ One school is gradually building up a congregation of

earnest, high caste, young men. Several already have been admitted to

the church, and more are ready to join. The question with some of the

boys in the school is not, ‘ Shall I pass the examination ? ’ but, ‘ Shall I become

a Christian ? ’ One boy for eight or nine years has suffered much for Christ’s

sake from his mother and brothers. He has been beaten much and starved,

sometimes not allowed to come into his house for weeks, and sometimes

locked in and not allowed to go out. A ll this, to say nothing o f the abusive

speech he has had to hear.”

A rbor D ay has been adopted by the girls o f Capron Hall and the boys

o f Pasumalai. A t Capron Hall each class planted a tree chosen and paid

I O O Ceylon Mission [Report

for by its own members. “ Exercises were held in the hall, and then all

marched from tree to tree singing a tree song. Each tree was given some

name historic in missionary work, such as Dr. F. E. Clark, Miss Child,

Mrs. Capron, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Rendall, etc. A s the gay procession

halted at each tree, a girl from the class which planted it told something

about it, and gave some account o f the person for whom it was named.”

The students o f Pasumalai in like manner entered into the spirit of the

day and made it an interesting occasion.

The mission college has com e'under the criticism of a commission of

the Madras U niversity because of its cramped quarters, lack o f hostel

accommodation, poorly furnished library, and meager equipment in general.

And yet the effort to secure an endowment has not thus far resulted in any

adequate gifts. In the meantime the Prudential Committee have been able

to add something to the appropriations for the college. This will increase

its efficiency as a second grade college, but we hope that an endowment will

yet be secured that w ill enable the mission to make it a college o f the first

grade. A new building is in process of erection, for which the corner stone

was laid by Sir A rthur Lawley, governor o f Madras.

The school for missionaries’ children at the Kodikanal sanitarium suf­

fered financially by the failure o f Arbuthnot and Company, but the many

friends o f the school from among the missionaries that gathered there for the

hot season rallied to its support by holding a fair that netted 1,275 rupees,

and made up a large part of its loss. The school has been conducted most

efficiently by the principal, Miss Helen Case, b .a., a graduate o f the U ni­

versity of Wisconsin.

T h e Madura Mission is in great need of more missionary workers. The

average number o f native workers to each missionary in all the missions

o f the Board is 7, whereas in this mission there are 17 native workers to

each missionary. This is partly due to the large force of native workers,

but more especially to the reduced number of missionaries. Further, the

average number o f Christians to each worker, native and foreign, in all

the Board’s missions is 14, whereas in this mission it is 29. The Prudential

Committee has indicated its willingness to send out additional missionaries

immediately, and it is to be hoped that they will soon be forthcoming.

CEYLON MISSION

V a d d u k k o d d a i .— (Batticotta.)

M a n e p a y .— Thomas B. Scott, m .d., Ordained; Mrs. M ary E. Scott, m .d., Miss Susan

R. Howland and M iss Julia E. Green, living at U d u v il; Miss Isabella H. Curr, m .d.,

Miss Zillah W . Scott-Patten, living at Inuvil.

T e l l i p p a l l a i . — James H. Dickson, Ordained; Mrs. Frances A. Dickson.U d u f p i d d i .—

On furlough.— Giles G. Brown, Ordained; Mrs. Clara L. Brown, Miss Helen I.

Root.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— W . E. Hitchcock and Mrs.

H attie Houston Hitchcock, and Mr. and Mrs. Louis B. Fritts.

Ceylon Mission IOI

Four stations; 33 outstations; 3 ordained missionaries, of whom one is a physician;

3 wives, of whom one is a physician; 4 single women, of whom one is a physician and

one a nurse; total number of American missionaries, 10. There are 12 ordained native

pastors; 17 unordained preachers; 361 teachers; 21 Bible-women; 19 other native

laborers; total native helpers, 430. The 18 organized churches, 17 of which are entirely self-supporting, have a membership of 1,922; 108 were received into the church on

profession of faith during the year. There are 44 places of regular meeting, and the

congregations average 2,063. The 63 Sunday schools have 3,413 pupils enrolled. The mission has 1 theological school, which has been closed this y e a r; 1 college, with 84

students; 2 boarding and high schools, with 96 boys and 221 girls; 128 other schools,

with 7,390 boys and 2,818 girls enrolled, making a grand total o f 10,609 under Christian

instruction. The mission has 2 hospitals and 3 dispensaries, where 1,084 patients were

cared for and 7,840 treatments given; 2,100,000 pages o f literature were printed on

the mission press. Total contributions from native sources for the support of the

Christian work amounted to 24,430.69 rupees, or $8,143.58.

During the past year Miss Root has come home for her regular furlough.

Miss Scott-Patten, a trained nurse, has been appointed an assistant in the

hospital at Inuvil, and has recently gone out. Since the resignation of Mr.

Hastings from Jaffna College no president has been found, consequently the

theological department has been closed during the year. Mr. and Mrs.

Bicknell are unable to return on account of the health of Mrs. Bicknell.

PREFACE

The past year has been one of change and stress both in the mission

and in the country. The country is passing through a time of want, though

not actual famine, which is most unusual, and seems to have resulted largely

from two successive crop failures and the high prices o f imported rice,

upon which Jaffna so largely depends. In some places conditions very nearly

approaching famine exist, and the government has been obliged to give some

assistance to the villagers. In spite o f this fact the contributions from

local sources have been normal.

102 Ceylon Mission [Report

There is a feature o f work in Jaffna which is but recent in active

development— a growing nationalism— an assertion of the right to rule

and authority as belonging of right to the people of the country. This

feeling is rapidly making itself felt in mission circles, and proposals or

schemes urged by the missionaries are meeting more and more suspicion

and opposition upon grounds which have their root in this development o f

national life. It seems abundantly evident that the immediate future has

problems in store that w ill need not merely tact on the human side, but

a spirit o f humility and self-effacement, of willingness to suffer even igno­

miny and insult where cordial brotherhood should be expected, which will

be new to missionary experience in Jaffna. These conditions, however, are

a direct result o f mission w ork,— of an awakening life which missionaries

should be the last to oppose.

During ten months of the year a special evangelist was at work, sup­

ported largely by gifts of missionaries, over 300 out of the 500 rupees ex­

pended being contributed by members of the mission. The Tamil people did

not contribute as it was hoped they would, and the effort was brought to a

close because the funds to carry it on were exhausted. There were 110

conversions, though much good was done.

Another feature o f the year’s work is the increasing energy with which

the Salvation A rm y is prosecuting its work in this district. In two of the

churches the results are serious. Their support is secured largely by direct

solicitation of aid from the Christians who believe that they need charity.

A large number entered the churches on profession of faith this year.

The number reached 108, and brings the total membership up to 1,922.

VADDUKKODDAI

The work o f this station includes that carried on by the five churches

at different points. The church at Vaddukkoddai has its own committee,

pays the salary o f the catechist and all other expenses as a separate con­

gregation, and has given 100 rupees for the work on the church building,

which is now nearly completed. The pastor has taken up some new meth­

ods, and has got the people to work more than before. He conducts the

morning service in the church, but in the afternoon holds meetings in

various places at a distance from the church, leaving the evening service to

be conducted by different members, mostly by the college teachers. The

women began the plan of going in the afternoon to talk with their heathen

neighbors, and to hold meetings for them at some house, and lately the work

has been taken up by the men, who go out, two or three together; and so

all the different quarters are visited. Eleven have joined the church this

year on profession of faith, and there are ten more in the inquirers’ class.

In K aradive there has unfortunately been a division in the church, and

there has seemed to be but little spiritual life. The committee of the Ceylon

Congregational Church met with the church and came to the conclusion

that it would be desirable to have a change in the pastorate, and at the end

of the year the pastor accepted a call to another place. He had been here

1907] Ceylon Mission

for fifteen years, and it is very sad that the last year should be marked by

disunion.

Pungudutive has a new pastor, and the outlook is hopeful. Here there

was an instance o f the new plan of baptizing an inquirer without receiv­

ing her into full membership, but as a member on probation. This field is

under the charge of the Native Evangelical Society, and the preacher is

asked to visit also the island of D elft, as they have now no catechist sta­

tioned there. The people o f these island places are mostly ignorant, and the

field is therefore a difficult one.

The Changanai church is united and harmonious, but most of them are

poor, and the preacher’s salary is constantly in arrears. In addition to the

morning service on Sundays, a prayer meeting is held in the evening at

which the preacher alternates between the meeting in the church and another

at the schoolhouse in a fisher village. The men who are resident members

are few, but the women are quite active in carrying on Christian work

among their neighbors.

The Moolai church is the smallest in the mission, the membership having

become reduced to 15. There was a proposal to disband the church, taking

the members into the Vaddukkoddai church; but the members wished to keep

up their organization, and an effort was made to raise the money required

to pay the new preacher and to make needed repairs. The prospect is much

brighter than a year ago. One was admitted to the church this year on

profession of faith.

In all the churches the main reliance for support is on the school-teachers,

whose salaries are paid regularly month by month. The independent mem­

bers are few, and do not generally pay a tithe o f their income to the church,

as the teachers do. On the whole the year has been one of many discour­

agements, but with some bright rays.

JAFFN A COLLEGE

E arly in the year Mr. Hastings was obliged to resign, and the college

has been looking for his successor in vain. Last year a decrease o f 15 in

the attendance at the college was reported. This year we must report a

further decrease of nearly 30 in the general attendance of the year, the

numbers averaging 79.

The college has not maintained its numbers, owing mostly to the change

from Calcutta to Madras, for in the Madras examinations the percentage

of passes has been very low, and so boys fear to fail and wish to take up the

Cambridge local examinations, in which they may fail in one subject and

still pass if they succeed in three. Those who failed in the Calcutta f .a . or

b .a . could not come back into the next class, as that class had done a year’s

work on texts that were all new to those who had been following the

Calcutta course. So, while there were 96 at the beginning of the year, there

were only 74 at its close.

A t the university examinations in March, 8 passed the entrance. 6 the

f .a . and 3 the b .a . examination. This was encouraging on the whole, though

104 Ceylon Mission [Report

it was expected more would pass the b .a . In the last two years over 2,000

rupees was spent on books and apparatus, and while at hom e,M r. Hastings

procured an organ costing over $100 by obtaining donations for it. The reli­

gious interest was greatly quickened by the visit o f Mr. G. S. Eddy and

Rev. F. Kingsbury, o f India, the first o f September, and ten conversions

resulted from it. S ix united with the church during the year.

Bible-women.— Five women have worked as Bible-women here this year,

and good results are reported. One woman has worked regularly in the

distant village o f Naranthanai, where she and her husband are the only

Christians.

MANEPAY

Evangelistic W ork.— One of the significant events of the year in con­

nection with the churches was the change of pastor in three of the five

churches. Rev. W . P. S. Nathaniel, for twenty-five years pastor o f the

Manepay church, resigned to take charge o f Alaveddi church. Rev. C. D.

Valuppillai, for twelve years pastor at Pandaterrippo, accepted a call to

Manepay church. Good work has been done in the N avaly church, but

the missionaries deplore the tendency, now ver}’- strong, to call the Salva­

tion Arm y to work in the field. It is apparent that the splendid work done

by the members of the church form erly is now being delegated to the

Salvation Arm y workers, with discouraging results.

Rev. S. Eliatamby conducted a series of special evangelistic services

in three of the churches for about ten days in each. The interest at one

or two places was marked, but at Manepay was broken by reason of a spe­

cial mission by evangelists from India to Jaffna. A s a result of the work

he reports several cases of children testifying to a desire to become Chris­

tians in the several districts. There have been no conversions, though the

Christiáns were temporarily aroused.

In N avaly church testimony was freely given by the best Christian work­

ers as to the value o f his work, and expression was given to the opinion

that it was worth while to make it a permanent work. But general opinion

did not support it, nor did funds allow it to be continued longer than ten

months of the year.

Educational W ork .— W ith the transfer of Pandaterrippo to this district

the amount of educational work to be supervised has been considerably

augmented. There are '2 English schools and 27 primary vernacular schools.

On the whole, the educational work done by these schools has been satis­

factory, although there are weak spots to be strengthened. W e regret to

say that the results o f Bible instruction have been unsatisfactory. The

report says: “ W e require some assistance to be given beyond the grant

earned by the school from the government if we are to succeed in the teach­

ing of Scriptures. A s the income of the school goes to the salary o f the

teacher, he very naturally takes special interest in that which increases his

salary, to the neglect o f the religious instruction o f his pupils. This is not

true o f all, but is so generally true that it is a cause o f great regret. M ore­

over, the impossibility of the missionary’s visiting these schools deprives

1907] Ceylon Mission

the teacher of a great incentive to do his best in this direction. It is imper­

ative that some relief be found for this situation, if the opportunity is not

to be lost and future work in this direction crippled.”

Medical W ork.— Almost the whole medical work of the mission lies in

this district. The M cLeod Hospital at Inuvil was closed in August, 1905,

when Dr. Curr went on furlough, and not opened till after December 15

of 1906. W hen the year opened Dr. T. T . Thomson was still with the

mission, but early in February he received notice of his permanent appoint­

ment to Jammalamadufu under the London Missionary Society, and with

the close of the month he left for India. His work was much appreciated

by the mission and by the public, to whom his ready and unfailing sympathy

was unsparingly given.

The evangelistic work of the hospital was carried on most enthusiastic­

ally, and the spirit was in every w ay desirable. Through the whole day

Bible work was done, closing with a prayer service at eight p .m . This latter

service was begun at the suggestion of one of the Tamil workers, whose

time through the day was otherwise largely occupied. The simple prayer

for blessing on the patients through the night was a help to many. Even

the non-Christians appreciated it.

Most gratifyin g changes in public sentiment with regard to the hospital

are apparent. The inpatients last year far exceeded those of any previous

year, numbering 1,084. The largest number in ward at any single date was

66. Some progress is reported in the attitude of the people towards major

surgery, and in all cases so treated there were good results. The dispensary

cases, or outpatients, amount to 7,140. This is the largest number recorded

since the beginning in 1893.

Girls’ Boarding School, Uduvil.— The school year closed in March with

the government grant-in-aid examination of the vernacular department.

One hundred and ten pupils were presented for this examination. The last

two days of the term were given up to special meetings, aided by Mr. Eddy

and two Christian workers who came with him from India. Forty-eight

pupils from the vernacular and English schools have united with the church

during the year. The senior class in the vernacular school has numbered

24, a larger number than usual to graduate. Some of the girls go back to

heathen homes and are sorry that their school life is ended. They need

the prayers o f all, that they may have courage to overcome the temptations

and trials which will come to them, and be faithful witnesses for Christ.

Girls’ English School, Uduvil.— This year has been full of hard work

and also very full of encouragement and blessing. In January the new

scheme of grading and class arrangement was commenced. This cut the

school off from government aid, and entailed more work for teachers and

principal, but looked at from the viewpoint of the girls’ progress and

pleasure it is a great success. W ith the adoption of the new system, the

attendance began to increase at once, so that actually the school is as well

off financially without the grant as with it.

The work of the training school department has been interesting, but

not so extensive as at some times. There have been 14 students divided

io6 Ceylon Mission [Report

among the three years of the course. They went up to the government

examination in August, and 3 o f them will receive second class and 4 third

class teachers’ certificates to teach.

The 12 Bible-women have all come together in the monthly meeting for

Bible study, prayer, and praise. These Bible-women are, as a rule, earnest

and faithful w orkers; some of them are very superior women. The religious

work in the school is always deeply interesting.

TELLIPPALLAI, UDUPPIDDI, AND CHAVAKACHCHERRI

The Churches.— The report o f the churches for the year does not present

any remarkable features, but good, steady work has been done. During

ten months of the year the special evangelist was at work, visiting the

major portion of this field, but, contrary to an earnest expectation, no direct

conversions resulted, and these extensive efforts do not seem to have had

any appreciable results except to stir up the churches for a season. W hat­

ever the cause, direct evangelistic work meets with small response in Jaffna.

This is in part due to the fact that the effort is spasmodic and irregular.

The executive work is so large and the force so small that direct evangel­

istic work by the missionaries seems almost impossible. It is of small use

for them to urge the agents to work, while they seldom or never show by

example that they believe in the urgency of direct, house to house, personal

contact with the people. The judgment of the Deputation of 1901 was that

there was no field of the Board so open for evangelistic work, and yet

none so lacking in effort in that direction.

The work of Tellippallai church has been revolutionized since the com­

ing of the new pastor. E very department has been vivified; Sunday schools

are conducted in five centers around Tellippallai, and regular services in

three centers on Sunday afternoon. There is a definite attempt to reach

out beyond the more formal services of the church. The finances are

prospering. The pastor is regularly and promptly paid, and the church is

accumulating a fund for church repair which now amounts to 400 rupees.

The work of North and South Erlaly churches, particularly the former,

has been seriously interfered with during the year under review by the

Salvation Arm y. Ten or twelve members o f the church have left the

church and attached themselves to this new venture.

The spirit o f the church at Uduppiddi is most praiseworthy; in the

face o f serious inroads on their income, due to the transfer of the boarding

school to Uduvil, they have not only met their usual budget promptly, but

have increased the pastor’s salary by 5 rupees.

In October the newly erected English school at Achm aly was set on fire

during a high wind. The building was only 30 or 35 feet from the church,

and all the other buildings in the compound would have gone had the

church caught fire. The fire was confined to the school building, involving

a loss of over $100. The cause o f the incendiarism seems to have been dis­

satisfaction with the choice o f the new pastor on the part o f the heathen

relatives o f one o f the candidates. Incendiarism is becoming disagreeably

frequent as a means o f expressing disapproval over disappointed plans.

D uring the year one of the schools in the Uduppiddi district was totally

destroyed to force the resignation of the teacher, and the Uduppiddi English

School was saved from destruction only because there was no wind, and

timely help arrived.

The Normal School.— This school, which' is the sole source of supplying

teachers for the 128 schools, with more than 10,000 children, has had an

average year. The number of students is less than in previous years because

the school has never recovered from the caste trouble two years ago, which

was referred to at length last year. It is becoming increasingly difficult to

secure candidates for this school because all the bright boys learn English,

and the school is able to get only the very poor boys who have no money,

and whose whole expense has to be met. The trouble is that the salaries

paid the vernacular teachers are so very small that it is impossible for

them to make ends meet unless they have some other iron in the fire. Seven

o f the boys joined the church during the year, and there are several others

earnestly inquiring after salvation. The buildings have all been put in

thorough repair, and the staff of teachers is an efficient one and calculated

to exercise a wise and strong influence over the students. It is a source of

sincere gratitude that with rare exceptions every graduate of this school

is a professing Christian.

The Mission Press.— This department has closed a year of very success­

fu l work. It is now three and a half years since the establishment of the

press, and it can fairly be said that the purpose of its reestablishment has

been achieved, and an efficient arm of mission service is once more vivified

and capable of excellent results. Eighteen men are employed, and 2,100,000

pages of literature were printed during the year. The press -does a good

deal of legal work, which pays a good profit and goes a great way to put

the press on a paying basis, entirely independent of any mission aid.

1907] Foochow Mission 107

FOOCHOW MISSION

F o o c h o w .— Lyman P. Peet, Lewis Hodous, Ordained; George M. Newell, Teacher;

Mrs. Caroline K. Peet, Mrs. Anna J. Hodous, Mrs. Mary R. Newell, Miss Kate C.

Woodhull, m . d . , Miss Hannah C. Woodhull, Miss Emily S. Hartwell.F o o c h o w S u b u r b s . — G. Milton Gardner, Ordained; Hardman N. Kinnear, m .d.,

Physician; Mrs. M ary J. Gardner, Mrs. Ellen J. Kinnear, Miss Ella J. Newton, Miss

Elsie M. Garretson, Miss Alice U. Hall, Miss Ruth P. Ward.P a g o d a A n c h o r a g e . — George H. Hubbard, Ordained; Henry T. Whitney, m .d.,

Physician; Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard, Mrs. Lurie A. Whitney, Mrs. Hannah L. Hart­

well, Miss Harriet L. Osborne, Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins.I n g —h o k .— Edward H. Smith, Ordained; Mrs. Grace W. Smith, Miss Caroline E.

Chittenden, Miss Em ily D. Smith, m .d .

S h a o - w u . — Charles L. Storrs, Jr., Ordained; Edward L. Bliss, m.d.,, Physician;

Mrs. Minnie B. Bliss, Miss Lucy P. Bement, m .d ., Miss Frances K. Bement, Miss Grace

I. Funk.In this country.— Joseph E. Walker, d .d . , George W. Hinman, Ordained; Mrs.

Kate F. Hinman, Miss Josephine C. Walker, Miss Jean Brown, Miss Martha S. Wiley,

Miss Minnie Stryker, m .d .

io 8 Foochow Mission [Report

Five stations; 104 outstations; 8 ordained missionaries; 3 physicians; 1 teacher;

10 w ives; 19 single women, four of them physicians; 10 native pastors; 77 other native

preachers; 109 native teachers; 64 Bible-women; 44 other native workers; 144 places

of regular m eeting: average congregations, 3,628; 80 churches, 11 entirely self-sup- porting: 2,825 members, 201 received on confession this year; 66 Sunday schools:

1,728 pupils; 2 theological schools: 9 students; 2 colleges: 68 students: 8 boarding

and high schools: 496 pupils, 187 of them girls; 101 common schools: 1,569 pupils,

425 o f them girls; 2 hospitals: 239 patients; 4 dispensaries: 25,176 treatm ents; native

contributions for Christian work, $5,048.59; for education, $5,362.64: total, $10,411.23-

Miss Ruth P. W ard and Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins have been appointed

to this mission during the past year and are already on the field. Miss

i 9°7] Foochow Mission

W ard is the third of former Treasurer Langdon S. W ard’s children to enter

the service of the Board.

A fter a long furlough Miss Garretson is returning to her work at Pona-

sang. Dr. W alker, Mr. and Mrs. Hinman, Miss W alker, Miss W iley, and

M iss Dr. Stryker have come to the country for regular furloughs. Miss

Brown is still detained in this country.

The Deputation to China was able to look over the Foochow field in a

-somewhat thorough manner, including a trip to the inland station of Shao-wu.

A ll problems connected with the work were thoroughly discussed. The

missionaries feel that great help has been given them, and that they are

better prepared than ever to press on the work in a vigorous, aggressive way.

The annual report presented this year is drawn largely from facts

contained in the general letter from the mission, prepared by Mr. Hinman.

Last year was a jubilee year in the Foochow Mission. F ifty years ago

the first convert was baptized by Mr. Hartwell, and only a few months

later the first church building at Ponasang (now the Dudley Memorial) was

•erected. The growth of the church membership to over 3,000 at the present

time, with a Christian community o f nearly 10,000, and 2,500 regularly

receiving Christian instruction in mission schools, gives special cause for

jubilation, and puts all into the spirit of the centenary year of missions just

•celebrated by the great conference at Shanghai.

In looking over the whole field one feels that much of the work must

be the same year after year, as the foundation of all success, but each year

■certain peculiarly encouraging or interesting developments of the work

come to attention and justify special mention. The visit of the Deputation

from the W oman’s Board of the Interior last spring was most helpful in

the encouragement it brought to both foreign and native workers in the

■assurance of intelligent sympathy and the promise of speedy reenforcements.

The annual meeting of the mission, at which the helpers from the whole

field except Shao-wu are gathered together, was of unusual interest. A d­

dresses on vital questions in the Chinese churches were given by the native

pastors, and indicated a growing spiritual consciousness among the Chris­

tians. A most remarkable outpouring of the ’ Holy Spirit was that in con­

nection with the Shao-wu annual meeting, in which a blind preacher from

the China Inland Mission seemed to be the instrument of God’s abundant

grace. The beginning of a closer fellowship with the great student body

in Foochow and an influence over them was foreshadowed in the gathering

-of 1,200 students from 24 schools in Foochow at a Young Men’s Christian

Association meeting in the court o f Foochow College. A feature o f the

Christmas celebrations in all the churches this year was a special service

for women, and a strong effort to bring in the families of church members,

instead o f a single man for a family. The beginning of work for the Man-

chus in some of the chapels and the placing of Bible-women as teachers

in official families are new features which promise much for a widening

■of influence.Foochow .— Tw o of the churches connected with this station have made

much progress during the year toward securing buildings; in one case $400

n o Foochow Mission [Report

was subscribed, and in the other nearly $2,000 was raised by the church

members and foreign friends, which will be used toward the erection of the

H artwell Memorial Church. In many of the churches the spiritual life

has kept pace with and outstripped the material progress. Many Manchus,

a class difficult to reach and hitherto almost untouched, have been interested

in the work of one of the churches; and in one of the churches an evangel­

istic band has done good work in the neighboring villages on Sunday after­

noons. The number o f additions to the churches was small this year, the

requirements for admission having been raised and the churches being more

careful in admitting members.

The previous ten years have been years of extension, in which the church

has grown rapidly in numbers, but not so rapidly in the truth and in char­

acter. N ow with the eye of the public fixed upon it, and a new conception

of spiritual truth stirring within it, the church is purifying itself and grow­

ing in grace and holiness. This is the preparation for larger conquests in

the future. In the past few years there has been marked development in

prayer, both public and private. This year the Prayer Union was organized

among the Chinese, and several hundred have enrolled their names. The

evangelistic band, to which many of the church members belong, continued

its work on Sunday afternoons throughout the year.

Tw o meetings for deacons were held, in which the duties o f deacons were

discussed and the fellowship o f the churches promoted. The preachers of

the station held a regular monthly meeting to discuss the problems that they

have to face. These meetings were very helpful in uniting the work of the

station. The preachers have very generally given their support to the

numerous public benefit societies recently organized, which have for their

object teaching o f the people against idolatry and superstition, foot-binding,

and the use of opium. Many of the best men have had excellent opportu­

nities as lecturers on reform by invitation of those entirely without the

church. The appeal for the famine sufferers in Kiangsu province has stirred

the churches deeply.

Never before have there been such changes in the primary educational

system of China. There are now about fifty schools o f primary grade in

Foochow in which there is a real advance in the character of the teachers,

their methods, and the text-books employed. Mr. Hodous has striven to

make the day schools o f the city station keep pace with the development

going on around them. More attention has been paid to equipment and

curriculum, and the new graded schools are securing better results in the

preparation of students for Foochow College. There were fourteen schools

in the station. The pupils o f the school come together Sunday afternoons

for study of the Bible, led by the students o f Foochow College.

The higher educational work of the station has been carried on by Mr.

Hodous, in charge of the theological seminary, and Mr. Hinman, in charge

o f the college, and an efficient staff o f Chinese teachers, seventeen in all.

The usual studies of the theological course were given, and a large amount

o f effective Christian work was carried on by the students. Evangelistic

meetings were held every Thursday evening in a chapel maintained by the

1907] Foochow Mission 11 r

college and seminary students. The close relationship with the college is

influencing the class of students entering the seminary. Since this was con­

summated five college graduates have graduated also from the seminary,

and several will enter from the present graduating class.

Foochow College has maintained its influence and the number of its

students, notwithstanding the great development of the government system

o f education. For thorough work in teaching and for high ideals of intel­

lectual and moral education the student classes still look to the mission

schools. The number enrolled was 262, 39 in the college course.

The religious work of the school has been unusually strong and helpful,

although there has been no special revival season. Daily chapel exercises,

under the lead o f consecrated Chinese teachers and preachers from the

neighboring churches, are a tremendous molding influence on the large num­

bers of boys that come to the college without any previous acquaintance

with Christianity. The evangelistic band has taught the Sunday school

lesson to 400 each Sabbath. A unique gathering was the meeting of students

from twenty-four of the schools of Foochow in the college compound. No

room was large enough to hold the crowds who came, and never before had

such a gathering been possible. It was a joy and surprise to all, as an

evidence of the possibilities of the college in influencing, not only the large

number of students, but the whole educational world of Foochow, which

could scarcely be touched by Christian truth in any other way. The impor­

tance of so strengthening the college by adequate endowment and a sufficient

force of teachers that it can meet these wonderful new opportunities can­

not be too strongly emphasized. Eight students graduated this year, three

from the English course and five from the Chinese. The great-grandson

of Commissioner Lin, who destroyed the opium at Canton in 1836, the super­

intendent o f all the government schools at Foochow, was present at the

commencement exercises and gave a cordial address.

The press has supplied a large amount of Christian literature during the

year, the most notable achievement being the completion of the Bible in

Romanized, with references, which meets a great need in the teaching of

the women.

Miss Hartwell and Miss W iley have been able to do an unusual amount

of visiting in the homes, and this year have had exceptional opportunities

to enter and begin work in official families and among the Manchu women,

hitherto untouched by our work. The door of opportunity into this work

for women through the college, and the wonderful fruitfulness of the

work, is very manifest. The Bible-woman’s training school enrolled 28

women and 25 children.The woman’s hospital has had a very successful year’s work. Changes

in the charge for inpatients and the method of boarding them has not dimin­

ished the number. Dr. Stryker has made a long tour in the Diong-loh field

and held clinics in 11 chapels, besides conducting the regular work o f the

hospital, which included 11,037 treatments, of which 1,372 were eye cases.

A site has been selected for the new hospital large enough to provide for all

the woman’s work in the same compound.

112 Foochow Mission [Report

Ponasang.— A t this station most encouraging results are to be noticed

in the growth of the churches, especially in the way o f spiritual development.

The church members at the Upper Bridge are continuing their efforts to

secure the funds for a new chapel. One man gave half his year’s salary

toward the fund, and another the whole of his rice harvest.

The day school problem is becoming more difficult on account o f the

development of the government system of primary education. It “is increas­

ingly necessary that our schools should be well equipped and carefully

superintended so that Christian truth may be given to the children in the

very beginning o f their education. Under Miss Newton’s care there have

been 5 station classes, with 29 women studying the Bible.

There have been 30 pupils in the college and 64 in the preparatory school

for women. The religious spirit, as well as the intellectual progress o f the

pupils, was very gratifying. The girls in the preparatory school have had

a large share in the various activities o f the evangelistic band, and 3 o f them

have joined the church.

Ing-hok.— Most encouraging growth and strengthening o f the work in

the Ing-hok field has characterized the past year. It has been necessary to

refuse many opportunities, but all o f the 13 preachers in their chapels have

done faithful and self-sacrificing work, with excellent results. T he most

marked progress has been at Sungkau, where the church has been reorgan­

ized. Pastor L in g has been of the greatest assistance to Mr. Smith in super­

vising the work and in touring through the district. Tw ice during the year

tours are made through the whole field, and the work is most delightful

and rewarding. The number o f preachers is quite inadequate for the work

o f the station, and the funds are insufficient to supply their actual needs at

this time, when famine prices are prevailing everywhere. The w ives o f the

preachers are among the most effective workers, and the number o f women

coming into the churches during the last few years is one o f the most encour­

aging features o f the work. In spite o f the prejudice against women being

seen in the streets, the work of the Bible-women has steadily grown in

extent and usefulness.

The boys’ boarding school has grown in numbers and in the quality of

the work done. A ll but five o f the 35 boys in the school were sons of

Christians. The influence o f the school as a pattern for the w ork of the

two government schools at Ing-hok has been most helpful.

The girls’ preparatory school remained till the end of the year at the

outstation of Gak-liang. B y the end of the summer the new building was

partly finished, when a severe storm wrecked it and made it necessary to

rebuild almost entirely, causing a delay of six months in getting into the

building.

A fte r three years o f work it has been possible to secure the deeds of

the land for the woman’s hospital and physician’s residence— a commanding

site acc'essible to all parts o f the city. The number o f dispensary patients

has been 1,960, an increase o f 600 over the previous year, and a larger pro­

portion of them were women. The attendance o f patients at the church

1907] Foochow Mission

services was appreciably increased, and some work was done in visiting in

patients’ homes.

Pagoda Anchorage.— Mr. Hubbard reports that preaching and teaching

were carried on in 31 different places. A t 17 centers communion services

were held each quarter, and 30 were received on confession. Quarterly

meetings have been held with the pastors, preachers, and teachers of the

Diong-loh and Pagoda Anchorage fields, in which special Bible study, the

discussion of methods of church work, and the history of Congregationalism

have been means of strengthening the efficiency of the workers. The work

has progressed in all places, though there have been discouraging and d if­

ficult conditions, due to the materialism and indifference of the people. The

curse of opium has been felt in many of the villages, where Christians and

mission helpers have to suffer on account o f the indulgence of their relatives

in this aw ful habit.

The day schools, numbering 22, enrolled 83 girls and 350 boys. Five of

them were taught by women. The Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer,

and many texts are taught to the scholars in the day schools, and it is hoped

that by means o f the Romanized, instead of the difficult classical character

schoolbooks, much more may be given to the scholars in their elementary

studies.

A ll the women of the training school were present at a woman's con­

ference held at Diong-loh in the spring, and after that Mrs. Hubbard and

Miss W orthley made a special evangelistic tour of the field. Eight Bible-

women have been at work. One of these has been the means of opening

up a new village some miles from her home. It is to the station classes

that the woman’s school must look for its pupils, and from the woman’s

school must come the trained workers for women.

In the Diong-loh field there were 19 additions to the church membership,

and a very marked growth in spiritual life among preachers and people

through the work of the Revival Society. In one very difficult place the

preacher is having great success with a night school, in which he has gath­

ered 30 of the street boys. The girls’ school seems to be growing steadily

in popularity. Sixty-five were enrolled from 35 villages in this district.

The teachers are untiring in their religious instruction, and 4 of the pupils

have entered the church. Thirteen women have been engaged in special

evangelistic work for women, and three new classes have been organized

in needy villages where no work has yet been done for women.

Shdo-wu.— The fall in the price of gold has reduced over ten per cent

the amount paid the preachers and teachers, and with the increased cost of

living expenses the year has been a trying one at this station. The churches

are steadily increasing their contributions toward the preachers’ salaries,

but they cannot keep pace with the rise in the price of silver and food stuffs.

The native force includes 3 pastors, 27 preachers, and 5 colporters. A t

the annual meeting of the Chinese workers this year the presence of Mr.

Hodous and Mr. Beard (the latter now connected with Young Men’s Chris­

tian Association work at Foochow) added much to the interest of the occa­

i i 4 South China Mission [Report

sion. The leading parts taken by these friends, the searching discourses of

Mr. Huang, and the presence o f the blind preacher from H o-k’on brought

a concentration of power upon the workers, and helped the work forward.

The main body o f workers assembled found themselves passing through

religious experiences that were new and startling. The effect on the morale

o f the pupils in the boys’ boarding school was very good, and better work

is expected on the part of all the laborers the coming year.

The three great centers of work here are Shao-wu, Kien-ning City, and

Iong-k’en. D uring the year there has been special religious interest at each

of these points. A t Iong-k’en there were monthly revival meetings held in

connection with the Methodist preachers stationed there. There was also

street preaching in the evening.

A recent addition to the work of the station is the ordering, receiving,

and distributing of Christian periodicals. There are now eleven points in

this field which can be reached by imperial post, and eight different Chinese

Christian periodicals have been ordered and sent to various parts o f the

country.

Five colporters of the Bible Society o f Scotland have been working under

the care of the station. The sales have not come quite up to those o f former

years, as the local desire for Christian literature has waned somewhat, the

field has been, in a measure, gone over, and the m ajor part of those wishing

to buy have done so.

The tone of the boys’ school has been excellent. The work of the Young

Men’s Christian Association was most helpful, and four groups of the school­

boys were in the habit o f holding street meetings in various parts of the

city on Sunday afternoons.

The East Gate dispensary was kept open during the summer, and had

the largest attendance since medical work began. The number o f patients

in the hospital numbered 65, and there were 9,349 dispensary treatments and

245 house visits.

SOUTH CHINA MISSION

H o n g K o n g .— Charles R. Hager, m .d., Ordained; Mrs. Marie v. R. Hager.

C a n t o n .— Charles A. Nelson, Ordained.

On the way out.— Mrs. Jennie M. Nelson, Miss Edna Lowrey, Miss Vida Lowrey.

Two stations? 42 outstations; 2 ordained missionaries, one a physician; 2 w ives;

2 single wom en; 3 native pastors; 38 other native preachers; 38 native teachers;

7 Bible-women; 43 places o f regular meeting; 3 churches: 4,000 communicants, 537

added on confession this y e a r ; 4. Sunday schools: 300 pupils; 2 students for the min­

istry; 1 girls’ boarding school: 44 pupils; 33 other schools: 581 pupils; native contri­

butions, $3,582 (silver).

Mrs. Nelson is returning to the mission after a brief but much needed

rest in this country. Miss Edna and Miss V ida Low rey have been appointed

to meet the long-felt want o f single ladies for this mission field.

Though the Deputation did not have time to visit each outstation con­

nected with this mission, they spent some time at Canton and H ong Kong,

1907] South China Mission

studying the problems at each place and giving wise and helpful counsel.

The mission also has been greatly favored in the visit paid by Drs. Creegan

and Hitchcock, who spent some days at each of the two stations.

Representatives of different mission boards have formed a body in Can­

ton, called the Robert Morrison Committee. This committee hopes to raise

$100,000 with which to erect a Young Men’s Christian Association building,

to be called the Morrison Memorial. They have received much encourage­

ment thus far in their efforts. Mr. Nelson is a member of this committee.

Canton.— The prospects at the opening of the year 1906 were none too

bright in Canton from an evangelistic point of view. The place which had

been rented for thirteen years as a chapel had to be given up, as the owner

wanted it. It was not deemed wise to rent another place and go on in the

old way. There was not enough money in hand to buy, but after consulta­

tion and prayer it was decided to do so, and “ trust that the Lord would

raise up friends.” Christians from other denominations in Canton came to

the rescue, a large g ift was sent from America to aid in the erection of

the new building, and on July 14 the dedicatory services were held, with

about 500 present. There are ten electric lights in the building, and evening

meetings are held three times a week. In securing this permanent site it

is felt that a step has been taken which will strengthen the work of the past

thirteen years. Tw elve were received into the church the first half of the

year.

The Christian Chinese in California coming from the region of Lam

Lin have given $1,000 toward a new church building there. Five hundred

dollars more was promised, but before it could be gathered and sent came

the earthquake and fire in San Francisco, and the brethren there wrote

saying they were not able at present to give the money.

The Bible Depot has been opened as usual for the sale of books. Last

year 870 Gospel portions and 3,945 tracts were sold.

Hong Kong .— The year at this station has been trying in some respects.

Several times the city has been swept by typhoons, and there has been much

sickness. The increase in the number of pupils in the schools shows that

in this part of China, also, the people are awaking from the sleep of cen­

turies, and are learning something of W estern ideas and modes of thought.

Dr. H ager has made 13 journeys into the interior, covering more than

7,000 miles. There are 43 different places where preaching is carried on,

and these are visited quarterly by the missionary. Six new points have

been opened this year, and more than a hundred received into the churches.

There has been a large increase in native contributions. Hoi In has

cared for itself for the past three years. The church at Hong Kong sup­

ports itself and also the preachers at two outstations. Some of the out-

stations are on the eve of self-support and only need a little more wise

leading and urging to reach that point in the near future. The California

Chinese M issionary Society provides for the work in four places.

D uring the past four years Mrs. Nelson has had charge of the Ruth

Norton Girls’ School, and has built it up until it has attained a high rank

i i 6 North China Mission [Report

among the schools for girls in South China. In Mrs. Nelson’s absence in

this country Miss Bankes, temporarily living in Canton, has taken charge of

the school, and Mr. Nelson has taught several classes.

A t the opening of the school this year more than a hundred were refused

admission for lack o f room. The school seats forty-four and has room for

thirty-two boarding pupils. One of the great trials has been lack o f room

to receive many who wish tp come and are w illing to pay all their expenses.

These girls come from the country districts, from M acao and H ong Kong,

as well as Canton. Am ong its pupils this year have been two nieces of

Minister W u T in g Fang.

NORTH CHINA MISSION

T i e n t s i n (i860).— Charles A. Stanley, d .d., Charles E. Ewing, Ordained; Mrs.

Ursula J . Stanley, Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing.

P e k i n g (1864).— Chauncey Goodrich, d .d., W illiam S. Ament, d.d., W illiam B.

Stelle, Ordained; Charles W. Young, m .d v Physician; Mrs. Sarah B. Goodrich, Mrs.

M. Elizabeth Stelle. Mrs. Olivia D. Young, Miss Mary H. Porter, Miss Luella Miner,

Miss Nellie N. Russell, Miss Bertha P. Reed, Miss Jessie E. Payne, Miss A lice S.

Browne, Miss May N. Corbett.

K a l g a n (1865).— W illiam P. Sprague, Ordained; Mrs. Viette I. Sprague.

T u n g - c h o u (1867).— D. Z. Sheffield, d.d., M ark Williams, d .d., George D. Wilder,

Howard S. Galt, Ordained; J. H. Ingram, m .d., Physician; Mrs. Eleanor W . Sheffield,

Mrs. Gertrude W. Wilder, Mrs. Louise A. Galt, Mrs. M yrtle B. Ingram, Miss M ary E.

Andrews, M iss Abbie G. Chapin.

P a o - t i n g - f u ( 1 8 7 3 ) .— Henry P. Perkins, Edwin E. Aiken, Ordained; Mrs. Estella

L. Perkins, Mrs. Rose M. Aiken, Miss Laura N. Jones.

P a n g - C h u a n g (1880).— Charles A. Stanley, Jr., Ordained; Francis F. Tucker, m .d.,

Physician; Mrs. Louise H. Stanley, Mrs. Emma B. Tucker, m .d ., Miss H. Grace Wyckoff,

Miss Mabel A. Ellis.

L i n t s i n g (1886).— Emery W. Ellis, Ordained; Mrs. Minnie C. Ellis, M iss Lucia

E. Lyons, Miss Susan B. Tallmon, m .d.

Missionary-at-large.— Arthur H. Smith, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Emma D. Smith.

In this country.— E. G. Tewksbury, Ordained; James H. McCann, Treasurer and

Business Agent; Mrs. Grace H. Tewksbury, Mrs. Netta K . McCann, Mrs. M ary A.

Ament, Miss E. Gertrude W yckoff.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Mrs. Frances D. Wilder,

Miss M ay Chapin.

Seven stations; 90 outstations; 15 ordained missionaries on the field ; 3 physicians;

1 treasurer and business agent; 18 wives, two of them physicians; 15 single wom en; 8

native pastors; 58 other native preachers; 58 native teachers; 28 Bible-wom en; 25

other native laborers; 8 churches: 3,795 members, 307 received on confession this

year; 97 places of stated preaching; 23 Sunday schools: 1,368 members; 14 students

for the m in istry; 1 college: 35 students; 14 boarding and high schools: 426 students,

201 o f them girls; 31 common schools: 374 pupils, 127 of them girls; 2 hospitals: 899

patients; 2 dispensaries: 19,630 treatm ents; native contributions for Christian work,

$2,093.50; for education, $962.81; total, $3,056.31.

M iss Mabel A . Ellis, sister o f Rev. Em ery W . Ellis, is the only new

appointee to this mission this year. Mr. and Mrs. M cCann are absent on

furlough. Mrs. Am ent has not yet returned to the field, and Miss Gertrude

1907] North China Mission 1 1 7

W yckoff must spend another year in this country. Mr. and Mrs. F. M.

Chapin, who were obliged to come to this country last year for health and

fam ily reasons and resign their connection with the Board, are greatly

missed on the field.

E ver since the B oxer outbreak of 1900 the North China Mission has

been making urgent and repeated calls for a deputation to visit the field

and study the problems of the work in the new light thrown upon them by

that event. P rof. Edward C. Moore, d .d ., Chairman of the Prudential Com­

mittee, and Secretary Barton were appointed members of such a deputation,

and have visited all the stations of the mission this year, bringing cheer

and courage to missionary and native worker alike, and giving advice and

counsel regarding the work which will be of inestimable value in the years

to come.

INTRO DUCTIO N

Dr. Ament, in summing up the work for the year past, sa y s: “ It would

be easy to write roseate views of advance in education, government, laws,

etc., in North China, but a conservative estimate of the situation prevents.

It is still an open question whether or not the influential men in the North

are not further from genuine reform than two years ago. Some great names

are connected with reform, whose persistent practice is the exact oppo­

site of what reform would seem to indicate. Certain changes are forced

by circumstances and stress of opinion, but do not manifest in any sense

the spirit of reform. New names for yamens are made, but old practices

continue. Still, we are confident that though the call for schools and general

reform may be somewhat fitful, and there will be seeming decline in inter­

est, in the long run the wave in its great undertow is making for higher

and better things. China can never go back to the children’s clothing of

fifty years ago, and the sweep of events is upwards and onwards. Doubt­

less a medium w ay will be found by which the youth of China, while secur­

ing the new learning from W estern lands, will be able also to retain a

fondness and a knowledge of their own literature, the lack of which so

many of the thinking men in China deplore. The gradual but certain

growth of Christianity in China will be the best guarantee of its stability.”

T H E ST ATIO N S

Tientsin.— The removal of the station to its new site at Hsiku has been

successfully accomplished during the year, and after four months in the

new quarters the missionaries report that they are more than pleased with

the situation. It is healthfully located on the banks of the Peiho, at the

extreme limit o f the North Suburb, about three miles from the city proper,

and is connected with the city by a fairly good macadamized road. This

is called the Peking Road and is lined with shops, behind which are hun­

dreds of homes and thousands of people. The entire North Suburb of the

city is a field hitherto unworked. The store of the American Bible Society

is located in one of the buildings adjoining the chapel, and it is hoped to

organize a campaign for visiting the shops of the city in the near future.

i i 8 North China Mission [Report

The new compound of some fifteen acres is inclosed by a wire fence.

On the first Sunday morning of their residence there, Mr. and Mrs. E w ing

walked through the main streets of the two nearest villages, speaking to

every one in sight, telling the people they had come to live among them,

that they would be pleased to receive callers, that this was Sunday and

every one was welcome to the services. Curiosity at first brought many

visitors to the missionaries’ homes, especially on the Sabbath, when the

houses were practically thrown open to try and impart some gospel teach­

ing. The number decreased after a time, but gradually more are coming,

and they are learning to sit quietly and listen. The missionaries are on

good terms with the local officials, from whom they have received one or

two unexpected favors.

Evangelistic.— The church work has been somewhat interrupted by the

removal of the station, as it takes the mission beyond the reach of some of

the members. In the readjustment of territory occupied by the different

missions working at Tientsin, some of these will come under the care of

the London Mission. Mr. L iu has held daily services in the city chapel,

frequently with the house two-thirds full. There have been a number of

inquirers in connection wiith this chapel work.

Mr. Stanley has had charge of the home and city work, and it has been

carried forward as his time and strength would permit. Mr. E w ing has

charge of the touring and country work. During the first half o f the year

touring was almost entirely interrupted by the constant oversight of building

operations, but in the last six months Mr. Ew ing has spent about a hundred

days in the country. The new chapel at Chien Y in g has proved very satis­

factory, and has several times been used for evangelistic services in the

evening, when the men of the village crowded in and listened with much

interest. The chapel service is sometimes preceded by preaching to the

market day crowds.

Education.— The boys’ school has had a good year. In order to open the

school on time a place in the village was rented for two months, until the

plant was transferred and rebuilt at Hsiku. This had the result of making

the school known to such an extent that probably one or two station schools

could be opened and filled at once were the teachers and means available.

The local official attended the midwinter examination and was highly pleased,

remarking emphatically that “ the best of the city government school pupils

could not pass such an examination.” It is hoped to enlarge the school

sufficiently to add the academy grade and prepare the boys for college. The

work and opportunity demand this.

Woman’s W ork.— The lack of a single woman to superintend this work

is greatly felt. The day school in the city has had a prosperous year. Only

half the pupils have Christian parents, but all attend the Sunday services.

Last year all but two girls had bound fe e t; now only two. There is a grow­

ing public opinion against this custom, and it is expected that the girls who

attend school will not bind their feet. Following the custom o f the govern­

ment schools, each scholar wears a metal badge, with the name and place

1907] North China Mission 119

o f the school, so that every one knows that they are students and not irre­

sponsible girls running loose. A course of lectures has been given to get

the women in the habit of coming to the missionaries, and help correct

some of the ugly rumors about the latter. These were well attended.

P ek in g — This station was greatly favored last year by a generous visit

from Mr. James Porter, the brother of Miss Mary Porter. Mr. Porter has

shown his deep interest in the mission and in China by the large gifts he

has made to this station.

The report says that Peking is becoming a modern city. The stores

have new fronts, and unusual goods fill the windows. Temples are trans­

formed into schoolrooms, and every science and handicraft have their vota­

ries. The famine in South China has given a chance to the women of the

city to show that they are very much alive. Their public bazaar and enter­

tainment, held on one of the historic sites of the city, would have done credit

to the most advanced of the advocates of woman’s rights. About $4,000

was realized from this sale. A course of lectures has been maintained the

greater part of the year. A ll sorts of subjects have been treated in all sorts

o f ways. Dr. Barton arrived in time to give one lecture on Turkey.

Evangelistic.— Street chapel work is carried on in several o f the out-

stations and in Peking proper. It would be difficult to estimate the number

o f people who listen to the truth in the course of the year. This work calls

into operation all the powers and qualifications o f a trained mind, and only

“ the best, the most aroused souls, are adequate to such a work.” This out-

station work shows many hopeful aspects. There are petty persecutions,

there is trouble here and there with the Romanists, but on the whole the

outlook is encouraging.

A t the North Church extensive repairs and alterations are in process

which will greatly improve the place. A t Cho Chou a driven well has been

sunk on the church premises, which is a boon to the community as well as

to the church. The income from the sale of water will be a permanent aid

to the work in that region. Through the energy and patience of Dr. Young

the long looked for water tower has been erected in Peking, and the sale of

water will meet the running expenses of the church. A t Ch’ang Hsin Tien,

the headquarters o f the machine works o f the Peking-Hankow Railroad, a

new chapel and extensive premises have been purchased.

The idea o f instructing and being instructed has so taken hold o f the

minds o f the leading Chinese o f the church that at the last meeting of

the Congregational Association of Peking a course of study was arranged

by the native pastors which is to be opened to all, and regular examinations

conducted. From those who pass these examinations will come the candi­

dates who can fill up the ranks o f helpers and colporters. It was most

refreshing after the conference, says the report, to see the demand for

books in Peking. I f the plan survives its first enthusiasm there will soon

be no lack o f candidates for ordinary positions.

The Home M issionary Society connected with the Peking station now

commands the attention and support o f all. This society may be called estab­

120 North China Mission [Report

lished. It is no longer an experiment. The Chinese are growing in their

power of expression in action and in organization. They work in harmony

and abide well by the decision of the majority. A t their annual meeting

this year their financial statement showed a surplus in hand. T hey now

support one Chinese pastor, who receives the largest salary in the station,

one native helper and one day school. The chief element of hope is found,

not in the long list o f workers, but in the fact that it has caught hold of

the Chinese mind and heart, and is an indigenous institution, with every

prospect o f a long life.'

Education.— The station reports ten day schools for boys and one board­

ing school. Theoretically the boarding school should be self-supporting, but

in fact the mission has to carry the larger part of the burden, as the steady,

reliable boys from the country, who are to make the leaders in the church,

are not able, as a rule, to furnish much beyond their own clothing and inci­

dental expenses. I f the boys attend the public schools the training is so

superficial that they are soon lost to the mission. If there are to be trained

men in the mission field these boys must be held onto, though the expense

is large.

Kindergarten work and work in the common schools has been carried

on as usual. A t one of these schools a large m ajority are from families

outside the church, some of them very highly connected, two being relatives

o f a prince and two others related to the governor of Peking. The Bible

Training School reports a successful year o f work.

The North China Union College and Bridgman Academ y reports 85 stu­

dents during the year. F ive missions have been represented in the school

the past year, the Am erican Board churches still furnishing the largest num­

ber. A fine heating plant has been installed during the year, and the equip­

ment has been increased by new apparatus. The religious life of the students

shows steady growth, the development of character and conscience indicat­

ing that the roots are striking deeper each year. A ll the girls except one

are church members.

Tw o years ago there was not a girls’ school in Peking outside of the

mission compound. N ow there are at least ten. The edict has gone forth

not only from the Imperial Palace, but from that most powerful magnate,

public opinion, saying that women must be educated. Up to this time all

the schools have been supported by private funds, but as soon as the board

o f education completes its scheme the imperial coffers will be opened. The

graduates and students of the mission school are urged to go as teachers

to these Chinese schools. W hile they cannot directly teach Christianity,

many opportunities come to them, and nothing inconsistent with their

principles is demanded.

Woman’s W ork .— Eight Bible-women have been at work during the year.

The newspaper readings and fam iliar lectures inaugurated in 1905 have

wonderfully broken down the walls o f superstition, and the place of meeting

has come to be known all over the city. The room is often filled to over­

flowing. The rule of not preaching religion is held to, but “ we constantly

* 9° 7] North China Mission 1 2 1

pray that the heavenly touch, felt though unseen, may be given to us.”

The women are freely invited to visit the missionaries in their homes and

to attend the services. Lady Pao, sister o f Prince Su, has given two lec­

tures; and a highly educated lady. Miss Chi, who has recently opened a

school and is herself a pronounced Confucianist, gave a most interesting

lecture on “ Love o f Country.” One of the Bridgman School graduates is

to teach in her school next year.

Kalgan.— This station is no longer the isolated place it has heretofore

been. It now has the telegraph and daily mail, and the railroad is an

assured fact. Mr. Sprague has been the only male missionary to hold the

fort this year. The native force is the same as last year — six helpers and

two teachers. The colporter has traveled the surrounding country far and

near, though his sales have not been large. During the first two months

o f the Chinese New Y ear a good many villages near by were visited, the

helpers and booksellers going out together. A t this time of the year the

farmers are at leisure, and come out in great numbers to listen to the street

preaching and look at the books. The helpers manifest a better spirit than

last year, and show more interest in trying to win men and more readiness

to shoulder responsibilities.

There appears to be a great new opening for Kalgan, made by the over­

flowing of the Chinese into Mongolia. The grazing lands of the Mongols

are being taken up by the Chinese emigrants and put under cultivation.

Communities are springing up there as much like our New W est as any­

thing Chinese can be like the American rush. Here is a very inviting field

if the laborers were at hand. The missionaries have the acquaintance and

good favor of multitudes of the people on all sides.

Educational.— The boys' boarding school has continued under the instruc­

tion of a graduate of Tung-chou College. O f the seven pupils three have

joined the church, and the others are probationers. The local church pays

half the salary of a teacher at one of the outstation schools.

The girls’ school was not opened because the parents of the children

were not willing to unbind their feet, and the hard and fast rule was

enforced, that no girl with bound feet should enter the school. The voice

of public opinion in this reform has not yet made itself felt in this northern

region, especially in the country districts.

Woman’s W ork.— Miss Abbie Chapin and Miss Andrews visited the sta­

tion in the summer and did much to aid the work for women. Mrs. Larsen,

o f the British and Foreign Bible Society, has also gratuitously given her

services in behalf of women since 1902. The Sunday afternoon meetings

for women and children, started at the dispensary by Miss Chapin, have been

kept up all the year. The preponderance of boys at these meetings sug­

gested the feasibility of dividing the work and having the boys in a room

by themselves. This was done, but the helper failed in his attempt to hold

the boys.

Tung-chou.— A t this station the relations with the officials have been thor­

oughly cordial, but not so effusive as for some years preceding. Polite calls

122 North China Mission [Report

have been exchanged as usual. The officials are careful not to have too

much intercourse with the missionaries, and show independence. It is a

healthful state o f affairs.

Evangelistic.— The church at Tung-chou reports a great falling off this

year. The preaching and evangelizing force of eighteen men has lost seven

of their number, and the church has had its confidence in pastors and helpers

shaken for a time by several cases of discipline, involving some of the most

prominent people. Ow ing to the fact that several of the college and academy

students have at length united with the church, after holding off for years,

the missionaries were able to use nine of them in the city and country last

summer. One of these students said, afterw ard: “ I did not go out to preach

but to get experience and to make a little money. I did not accomplish the

latter, but I learned that the important thing is to give to others.” The

chief advantage in using these college students was to release the lay preach­

ers, booksellers, etc., from their regular work to come up to Tung-chou for

two months’ study. Beside a regular course of study, devotional meetings

or lectures were held every evening. This study was but the beginning of

a year’s course upon which they are to be examined when they come together

for another season of study. N ext year-it is hoped to unite with the Peking

station in this work. According to the custom of recent years the church

has assumed the expenses o f station class work, and this year provided for

three months of station class work for outsiders.

Some o f the far-reaching effects of a street chapel near the soldier

camps have been shown this year. One church member has become a cap­

tain of the army in Manchuria. Good reports come of his care of proba­

tioners and inquirers that go from here to the front. Several letters of

introduction have been given to soldiers who were to be stationed near

other churches. The removal o f 4,000 of the best troops last fall is a matter

o f regret for the hospital and chapel work.

In spite o f the fewness o f workers they are preaching in Tung-chou

and the five market town outstations to an average o f four heathen audiences

each day of the year. Each audience continues for four or five hours by

passing in and out. These often number 100 at a time, and make a total of

146,000 a year. In addition to this there is personal work in the five inquiry

rooms connected with these chapels, in the homes visited by the Bible-womenr

and in the work of the booksellers. There is also the evangelistic side of

the lectures, newspaper readings, and stereopticon entertainments that are

conducted every month.

The growth in the country stations has been satisfactory in regard to

the quality of the added members rather than the numbers. There are about

half as many members as before the Boxers swept them bare. T w o new

market towns, where no work had been done before, have now fourteen mem­

bers each. A volunteer worker has been added to the regular force, and

has proved him self an untiring, earnest worker, full of resources. He has

a bicycle which is almost entirely his own handiwork. On this he attends

the numerous fairs in his vicinity. He has devised a scheme for converting'

i9°7] North China Mission 1 2 3

the wheel into a table, on which he spreads his books for sale. He has a

cloth screen with texts to drape around it so as to conceal the wheel itself,

as he finds it too distracting to the attention of his hearers.

Educational.— The wide educational awakening in China strongly reacts

upon the Christian Church, and educational work in all of its branches has

received a great impetus during the past three years. It is felt that in the

mission schools is the chief hope of producing efficient leaders of the native

church.

The Union College has had 55 students since the New Year, and there

have been 45 in the academy. There are four independent lines of study in

the schools: (1 ) Biblical and ethical studies; (2) the Chinese classics; (3)

W estern sciences and history; (4) English. The discipline of the schools

has been somewhat more easily preserved than in former years. The senior

class has tried to give help in securing good order, with benefits of somewhat

uncertain value.

Most of the students in the two schools are professing Christians, and

at least the upper class students have an excellent knowledge of Biblical

truth. Since the Boxer upheaval the spiritual life in the schools has been

at a low register, though with steady improvement from year to year. Three

students in the college attended the Young Men’s Christian Association Con-r

vention at Shanghai, and returned with their hearts greatly kindled with

all they had heard and experienced. An entire Sabbath was given up to

them to make their report. Special meetings were held among the students

for some days following, at which evidence was given of a deep spiritual

quickening in many hearts.

A new departure was made last year in raising the price of tuition.

There was a cheerful compliance with the requirement, but it was no little

burden to some to secure the needed amount. It is probable that by empha­

sizing the study of English a much larger tuition could be secured, but it

would be from another class of students, and the character of the schools

would be completely changed. The policy has been to give a measure of

help to promising children of the church, with special hope that they would

enter into Christian work at the end of their studies.

Woman’s W ork.— One phase of woman’s work which reaches far out into

the new fields is the touring and “ friendly visiting” shared by Misses A n­

drews and Chapin and the Bible-women. Twenty-four trips have been made

to nineteen of the nearer villages. Twelve Bible-women have been invited

into over thirty new homes this year. Most of the homes whose doors are

open belong to men who have heard of the way in the street chapels or at

fairs. The report says: “ W e have been impressed during the year with

the leavening process of the evangelistic work. A street sermon, a book sold;

the testimony of a relative, the changed life of a friend— these are some

of the sources, under God, to which we can trace a new heart stirred, a new

door opened, or a new village entered.”Pao-ting-fu .— The Chinese church under Pastor Meng continues to

develop and expand, and there is a great deal of harmony between its opera­

124 North China Mission [Report

tions and what constitutes more properly the direct work of the station.

The Easter general church meeting felt the impulse of the great religious

gatherings in the F ar East, the Young Men’s Christian Association Con­

vention and the Centenary M issionary Conference. Sixteen were received

to the church that day. A deacon form erly connected with this church has

gone to Tientsin, where he is connected with the business o f recruiting

laborers for the gold mines in South A frica . Out of his income this man

supports a preacher and one or two Bible-women. This station has followed

the example o f Peking, and has a well-defined Home M issionary Society,

which supports a preacher in an entirely unoccupied and practically new

district to the southeast of the city.

Mrs. Arthur Smith visited the station in the winter and conducted a series

of meetings which made a profound impression on the boys and girls in the

schools, and has led to a permanent deepening of the spiritual life. The

country fields often appear to be more fruitfu l than the city, important as

that is. A t one place a well-to-do convert keeps open house all the time,

not only for the missionary, but for all the Christians and others interested

who come there from the villages round about.

In the recent delimitation of the field the great prefectural city o f Cheng-

ting-fu, about ten miles from the starting point of the new Shansi railway,

has come under the care o f the Pao-ting-fu station. These prefectural cities

are found at intervals of 100 miles all along the Peking-Hankow line. O f

these cities, Chengting-fu is the only one as yet unoccupied, save by a large

Roman Catholic establishment. This great field it is impossible with the force

and means at command to touch in any very direct way, and the missionaries

raise the question whether there may not be some church ready to establish

and maintain a station in this great and populous field.

The colporters o f the Bible societies serve as auxiliary forces, sometimes

selling as many as six or seven hundred portions o f the gospel in one day.

These men report little opposition, and say that the field is open for preaching

and selling books everywhere.

Mr. Perkins has made four short tours into the country. H e says, “ Not­

withstanding a rather serious dissension, taken part in by our preachers and

leading local members, there has been more work done in our field than in

any form er year.” In two large business towns in the north part of the

L i Hsien district, the station has what appear to be two vigorous churches.

Though the membership is hardly twenty, the real constituency is ten times

that number. A t another place there are no local members, but the chapel

is the gathering place of a growing constituency who come in for business

each fifth day. A t De Ch’uen the helper is devoting all his time to medical

work, and is helping those who are being reformed o f the opium habit.

Educational.— There were 39 scholars in the English school. Most of

these young men get into some government school or into business, but not

infrequently they write to the missionary, or call upon him. They come from

many parts o f the province, some even from outside.

The boys’ school has had an attendance o f 40. The tuition has been

1907] North China Mission , 2 5

increased. Though the public schools are free, there is more or less expense

connected with them, and it is the opinion of the head teacher that when

the harvests are good the charge of the mission school is not too much.

Another change has been the more careful keeping of the standing of each

pupil, with report to the parents of progress made and suggestion, in some

cases, that they find employment for their sons.

Pang-Chuang.— Though the only ordained missionary now stationed at

the great center o f Pang-Chuang, Mr. Stanley’s buoyant spirits and unquench­

able hopes for the work there breathe in every word of his report for the

year. W ith Mr. Ellis located at Lintsing and Dr. Arthur Smith now a mis­

sionary-at-large, the force at this station is barely a handful to grapple with

the great work there and in the twenty outstations.

The progress of the union movement has not been so rapid in Shantung

as in the north, where communication is more free and rapid, due to the

railroad, and where the various missions are in closer proximity, though

this matter is not lost sight of by the missionaries.

A n interesting incident of the year is the reply of the governor of the

province to a communication presented him by the Triumvirate, a committee

o f three elected from the various missions of the province for purposes 01

arbitration and communication in a representative way with the Chinese

Foreign Office and the governor direct. In his reply the governor states

that there has been no trouble this year with the Protestant converts. He

urges the Protestant missionary body to do all it can to prevent controversies

and quarrels between the converts of the two churches — Protestant and

Roman Catholic. He takes a firm stand with regard to the suppression of

opium.

The death o f Pastor Chia has caused great sorrow at this station, as

well as at Lintsing. and has greatly weakened the force of Chinese workers.

O f Pastor Chia it is said: “ Physically he was not equaled by any other of

the Chinese brethren; a man of immense frame and corresponding physical

endurance that was w illingly put to the most trying tests. Spiritually he

was a man of real power, and in many ways an ideal pastor. His judgment

was sound in almost all cases, and his advice was sought and appreciated

by his associates and, what is more important, by the rank and file of the

church members.”

Dr. Tucker has done some much needed and appreciated Sunday work,

going on horseback, with one of his hospital assistants, to some of the nearer

villages. Mr. Stanley has made four trips to the district centers, but these

trips can be considered only a drop in the bucket compared with the work

that should be done along this line.

The meeting of the local association last October was remarkable for

the renewed spirit shown by the Chinese — the desire to be entirely at one

in all the deliberations. Mr. Stanley says: “ It has not been necessary to

write a single letter this year to any of the district yamens in regard to cases

of miscarriage o f justice or persecution. This is quite remarkable, and a

state o f affairs almost too good to last, but for which we are profoundly

grateful.”

I 2 Ó North China Mission [Report

The day schools have been 5 in number, with an attendance of some 60

pupils. Tw o new school buildings have been erected, and Porter Academy

is serving a good purpose.

IVOman’s W ork.— There are 10 native assistants engaged in different

forms of woman’s work. Fourteen villages have been visited and 200

Christian women seen. Mrs. A rthur Smith made an extended tour of the

mission fields, and all the outstations have received special attention from

her by more or less prolonged visits. A new building has enabled many

more pupils to attend school. There is great need o f girls’ schools in the

outstations to prepare for entrance into this central school. There have been

55 boarders, coming from 33 villages.

Lintsing .— It w ill be noticed that the spelling of the name of this station

has been changed from Lin Ching to Lintsing, by advice of the missionaries.

Mr. and Mrs. Ellis and Miss Dr. Tallmon make up the force.

This station shares with Pang-Chuang in the loss by death o f Pastor

Chia. Previous to the semi-annual public meetings he was accustomed to

make extended tours, visiting the outstations and receiving into church mem­

bership those who, in his judgment, were fitted for that step. The memory

of his labors is a rich heritage to this field.

Evangelistic.— There are 11 teachers in the regular evangelistic work.

The membership o f the church is about 575. One of the great problems

here is how to maintain the interest of hundreds who have announced them­

selves as inquirers. The difficulty of securing faithful preaching o f the

W ord is also a situation demanding the best thought and attention o f the

missionaries. T he problem of individual lives, and the pastoral care o f those

who should be trained for service, are matters which cannot be neglected.

Connected with this latter is the question of itinerating. T o travel entails

expense, and the funds in hand are not sufficiently large to enable the mis­

sionaries to do all that is necessary in this line. The matter o f instructing

the church members and the inquirers is a difficult one, as the distances from

place to place are so great. Classes were held at the central station, but

beside these only four places received the help which forty ought to have

had.

But many things in the work show signs o f progress. Special gifts have

enabled several places to secure new chapels, and the natives themselves

have raised about $1,000 for various purposes. Just now the leaders in the

native church feel that a boys’ boarding school should be provided at Lin­

tsing, and the contributions are likely to be used for this purpose rather than

for evangelistic work. One of the most consecrated o f the helpers gave up

his salary in order that means might be provided for a teacher for a boys’

school. This willingness to make such a real sacrifice was no small factor

in 'arousing the Christians o f the central station to make an earnest effort

for their prim ary school, and about thirty dollars, or one-half the amount

needed, was pledged.

Woman's W ork.— Mrs. Ellis and Miss Dr. Tallm on have done much work

for the women this year. A schoolgirl from Pang-Chuang has had charge

a 9 0 7 ] North China Mission 127

o f the children’s school. N ext year it is hoped to start a boarding school.

Regular work for women has been carried on Sundays and Thursdays in

the city. A station class was held just after the Chinese ¿'lew Year. Twenty

attended and were very industrious. The teacher and helper made a twelve

days’ tour to two places, and reported much interest. A great loss is felt

in the death o f Mrs. Chang, the Bible-woman, who had been regularly

employed for many years.

M E D ICA L W ORK

Dr. Young, at Peking, has spent part of his time in the study of the

language, preparatory to teaching in the Union Medical Schools. One thou­

sand four hundred and five calls have been made during the year. A trip

was made to one of the outstations and twenty-four cases seen. It is hoped

to visit four or five of the outstations, one a month, the students doing the

preaching and dispensing under the supervision of the physician.

From Pang-Chuang Dr. Tucker makes good report of the hospital work.

A new building is the greatest need. The hospital issues a printed report in

Chinese, and a major part of it this year is devoted to the consideration

o f tuberculosis, as the death rate from that cause is very high in the coun­

try districts as well as in the city. The local constituency is also informed

through this report of the details of hospital receipts and expenditures.

Beginning with this year it is hoped to constitute a Hospital Sunday, on which

annual date contributions shall be taken all over the field for this home

missionary work.

The greatest problem is how best to use the opportunity for religious

instruction with the small force at command, for even though they know it

not, “ the people are there to know God and have life, and to have it more

abundantly.” The hospital is just approaching its silver anniversary, and

in this first quarter of a century the number of dispensary treatments totals

.310,825, while 12,979 men, women, and children were given opportunities of

eternal-value in the hospital. The branch dispensary at Te Chou, visited

tw ice a month, proves to be a valuable and helpful link.

The finances o f this hospital have had a remarkable year, a small surplus

being on hand at the close. The quality of those entering the church from

the hospital impresses one this year rather than the quantity. Not one

patient in a hundred who enters the hospital is a church member.

A t Lintsing there is as yet no hospital or dispensary, and so the work

is rather elementary. Tw ice Dr. Tallmon has turned the dining room into

a hospital, and in one case probably saved the life of a little girl. The

patients treated vary in social standing from the military official to the very

poor, who ask to come early in the morning that they may take their places

to receive free food at the place o f public distribution. A ll who have been

treated went away with expressions of gratitude and friendliness. The

question o f fees and how large they should be, and the further question of

•dividing the medical work for men and women, are problems that the mis­

sionaries have before them.

128 Shansi Mission [Report

Though there is still no physician at Kalgan and the dispensary remains

closed, so many cases o f sickness and accident come asking for help that

the missionaries try* to treat some of them. One firm paid sixteen dollars

to Mr. Sprague for preventing a suicide in their shop. The man had cut

his throat, and Mr. Sprague sewed up the wound with an ordinary needle

and silk. Other receipts, mainly for saving opium suicides, bring up the

total amount received to thirty dollars.

SHANSI MISSION

T a i - k u . — Paul L. Corbin, Ordained; W illoughby A. Hemingway, m .d ., Physician;

Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin, Mrs. M ary E. Hemingway, Miss Flora K. Heebner, Miss D aisie

P. Gehman.

F e n - c h o - f u . — I. J. Atwood, m .d.. Ordained; Mrs. Annette W . Atwood.

On the way out.— W atts O. Pye, Ordained.xTwo stations; 7 outstations; 3 ordained men, one a physician; 1 physician; 3

w iv es; 2 single w om en; 2 churches: 265 members, 25 added by confession this y e a r ;

12 places of regular m eeting: average attendance, 430; 5 unordained preachers; 6

teachers; 8 other native laborers; 2 boarding and high schools: 59 pupils, 22 of

them girls; 3 other schools: 58 pupils; 1 hospital: 242 patients; 1 dispensary: 1,521 treatments.

The repeated cry of this mission for reenforcement has at last met with

a response in the appointment o f Rev. W atts O. Pye, Rev. and Mrs.

Charles A . Tubbs, and Miss Daisie P. Gehman. Mr. P ye and Miss Gehman

will join the mission this year. Mr. and Mrs. Tubbs will spend another year

in this country before going to the field.

Good cheer has been given to the members of the Shansi Mission by

the visit o f Dr. Barton, representing the Deputation to China, accompanied

by Dr. Ament, o f the North China Mission. Several other members of the

North China Mission have visited Shansi this year. It is hoped that with

the completion o f the railroad to the city of Y u-T zu many coming from

southwestern points will make Tai-ku one o f the centers of the journey to

the coast.

Mr. Corbin estimates the field occupied by the Shansi Mission to be

100 miles in width and 200 in length, with a population of a million and a

half. This makes it evident to any one studying the field that the Board

has thus far occupied but an insignificant section of the territory.

Tai-ku .— Seven outstations are connected with this station. The city

compound has been partially restored, and now has buildings upon it worth,

perhaps, $2,000. During the year there have been eleven opium refuges car­

ried on in connection with Tai-ku station, two of them for women. In

these refuges 305 persons broke off this habit last year.

It is most interesting and significant to note that so little money from

the Board is expended on this work in Shansi. It is largely self-supporting,

and wherein it falls short of that it is supported by private gifts. The great

*In part from figures o f last year.

1907] Shansi Missioti 1 2 9

expense is for schools and scholars. I f the new movement looking toward

the establishment of an endowment school in this field can be pushed on to

success, the support of the Shansi Mission will be very little of a burden

to the Board except in the provision of the salaries of the foreign workers.

Considerable building has been accomplished the past year, with scarcely

any expense to the Board. A t one outstation a chapel has been built under

the supervision o f Helper Tu, at a cost of $360, about one-third of which was

raised by the people, and of the balance not a penny came from the Board.

The generous weekly contributions of the Christians at Tai-ku, a part of

which are now devoted to paying the full salary of a helper, and the plans

for independence instituted by the brethren at Fen-cho-fu indicate that the

current is moving in line with the suggestion of the Deputation that the

Chinese church be brought to self-support.

Mr. Corbin reports a visit to one outstation where the Christians had

not seen a missionary of the Board for six years and more. It was a

notable occasion at Nan Ch’ing Tui when the newly built chapel was ready

for dedication. On the Sunday following this dedication 9 adults and 6

children were baptized, 24 were received on probation, and 271 cash pledged

toward the completion of the chapel. A great stimulus was given to the

work in all parts of the field. O f almost equal interest and significance was

the gathering in the new street chapel at Tai-ku on Christmas D ay for its

formal opening. The report says: “ The hymns that rung out over the very

spot where six missionaries of the Board were murdered in 1900 had a rich

significance for some, at least, of those who listened.” Another red-letter

day was March 3, when the people gathered from all the outstations to greet

the Deputation. There had been an evangelistic service in the new street

chapel on the evening before, which “ gave every one a new vision.” On

Sunday morning more than 200 crowded into the church to listen to a ser­

mon by Dr. Ament. “ The Foreign Secretary of the Board was an interested

and sympathetic observer o f all that took place.”

A s an auxiliary to the evangelistic work a bookroom has been started

this year. Only distinctively religious or missionary books are to be carried,

and the prices fixed to cover expenses only.

Fen-cho-fu .— Relations with the Chinese officials have been most pleasant

throughout the year. A t N ew Y e a r ’s a formal call was made on the mag­

istrate, which was promptly returned the next day. A month later the Shao

Yeh (a relative o f the magistrate, under instruction to succeed him in office)

applied for medical help and was successfully treated. In return for this

the foreign doctor was treated to a feast with official guests. Other officials

and teachers in the government schools have come for medical aid for

themselves and their families. Quite friendly relations have thus sprung

up, and this influence upon the community has been very favorable.

Dr. Atwood says: “ The Departmental Examination Hall, which for ages

has turned out eight-legged essays and ‘ waiting officials,’ has been completely

changed into a cotton-weaving factory. This presents to the astonished

plebeian people a product in blue cotton cloth of no mean or inferior quality.

i 3o Shansi Mission [Report

The looms are wooden and native made, while foreign machinery takes its

place in some parts of the work. This competition in this mammoth industry

o f the world is already beginning in earnest, and simplifying materially the

problem of keeping the w olf from the door.”

On February 27 Dr. Barton and Dr. Ament met a good representation

of the local church and offered the fraternal greetings o f Am erica and Japan

Christians. “ The conference together made us realize very really and fo r­

cibly the oneness of the world in Christ Jesus. W e feel that we have

advanced to a position from which we can surely never quite recede.”

A Christian Endeavor Society of fifteen members has been formed, which

is the backbone o f the church. This society has taken hold o f evangelistic

work, and has selected its best men to run a street chapel in front o f the

grain market at T ai Ho Ch’iao.

M E D IC A L W ORK

The year has shown a gain in each part of this work except calls on

patients in their homes. Most of the people are either unable or unwilling

to carry out the prescribed treatments at home, and visits to their homes

take much valuable time that can ill be spared. A s the work becomes better

known it is gratify in g to see that more patients are willing to come and live

in the hospital while being treated.

T w o yoting men belonging to the wealthiest family o f the county have

been frequent visitors at the doctor’s home. W hile not coming for that pur­

pose, they have been willing to listen to explanations of the gospel and to

read Christian magazines.

The emperor’s edict forbidding the sale and use of opium has had little

effect in this region. The ta x on land where the opium poppy is grown has

been increased, however, from three dollars an acre to ten times that

amount. This has m aterially reduced the planting o f the poppy, and much

of the same land has been sown in wheat. O f all lines o f medical work

the opium refuges have shown the greatest growth. Nine refuges for men

and three for women have been kept by the evangelist^ and their wives. There

have been 280 men and 25 women patients. Because the work lacks sufficient

support the opium cure medicines are not given away as are other medicines.

Three patients cured in recent years, all literary degree men, have been

doing good service in the schools. T o those who ask about the permanency

o f this cure the reply is emphatically made that “ it is of little value unless

a man becomes a Christian.”

®9°7] Japan Mission

JAPAN MISSION

K o b e .— John L . Atkinson, d.d., Ordained; Miss Eliza Talcott, M is s Martha J. Barrows, Miss Susan A. Searle, Miss Elizabeth Torrey, Miss Olive S. Hoyt, Miss

Charlotte B. DeForest, Miss Gertrude Cozad, Miss Annie L. Howe.

K y o t o .— Jerome D. Davis, d.d., Dwight W . Learned, d.d., Otis Cary, d .dv Sidney L.

Gulick, d.d., Morton D. Dunning, Frank A . Lombard, Ordained; Mrs. Frances H. Davis, Mrs. Florence H. Learned, Mrs. Ellen M. Cary, Mrs. Cara M. Gulick, Mrs. Agnes H. Gordon, Mrs. M ary W. Dunning, Miss Mary F. Denton.

M a e b a s h i .— Miss Fanny E. Griswold.

M atsuyam a.— Charles M. Warren, Ordained; Mrs. Cora Keith Warren, Miss H.

Frances Parmelee, Miss Cornelia Judson.

M i y a z a k i .— C. Burnell Olds, Cyrus A. Clark, Ordained; Mrs. Genevieve Davis •Olds, Miss Julia A. E. Gulick.

N i i g a t a .— W illiam L. Curtis, Edward S. Cobb, Ordained; Mrs. Gertrude A . Curtis, Mrs. Florence B. Cobb.

O k a y a m a .— James H. Pettee, d .d., Schuyler S. White, Ordained; Mrs. Isabella W . Pettee, Miss A lice P. Adams.

T o t t o r i . — Henry J. Bennett, Ordained; Mrs. Anna H. W oodruff Bennett, Mrs. Amanda A. W alker.

O s a k a .— George Allchin, Ordained; Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin, Miss Abbie M. Colby, M iss Elizabeth Ward.

S a p p o r o .— George M. Rowland, d.d., Samuel C. Bartlett, Ordained; Mrs. Helen A.

Rowland, Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett, Miss Adelaide Daughaday. (Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett

Tesiding at Otaru.)

S e n d a i .—

T o k y o .— D. Crosby Greene, d.d., Ordained, Mrs. Mary J. Greene.

On the way out.— Miss Julia C. Hocking, newly appointed.

In this country.— W allace Taylor, m .d., John H. DeForest, d.d., Hilton Pedley,

Horatio B. Newell, Ordained; Mr. Dana I. Grover, Unordained; Mrs. Mary S. Taylor,

Mrs. Sarah E. DeForest, Mrs. Martha J. Pedley, Mrs. Jane C. Newell, Mrs. Harriet

Gulick Clark, Miss M ary B. Daniels, Miss Mary E. Wainwright, Mrs. Ida M. White,

Miss Lucy E. Case, Miss Annie H. Bradshaw.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Grace W. Learned,

Miss Ada B. Chandler, Miss Florence Holbrook, Miss Florence M. Gordon, Miss Anna

H. Pettee, Miss M ary A. Holbrook, m.d.

Twelve stations; 23 ordained missionaries, of whom one is a physician; 1 unor­

dained missionary; 21 w ives; 24 single women; total American force, 69. Further

statistics at the end.

Several changes have taken place in this mission in the past year.

M rs. Davis has rejoined Dr. Davis at Kyoto. Mrs. W hite has come to this

country, Mr. W hite remaining in Japan. Dr. and Mrs. Taylor are planning

to return to Japan early this coming winter. Dr. and Mrs. DeForest, Mr.

and Mrs. Pedley, Miss Case, Miss Bradshaw, and Miss Barrows have all

come home during the year, as also Mr. Newell, to join Mrs. Newell in this

country. Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett have removed to Otaru, a part of the Sap­

poro field. Dr. Holbrook’s health has been restored enough to enable her

to return to the mission, but not for full service. Mrs. Clark is still detained

in this country. Mr. Grover, after three years of service, has come home

and received appointment as a regular missionary o f the Board, expecting

to return to Japan a married man. Miss Hocking, recently appointed, is

going out for work in the evangelistic school at Kobe.

Japan Mission [Report

FOREWORD

Japan, sobered by the war, and gratified at its cordial reception into the

fellowship of the nations, is well disposed toward foreign and Christian

things. A s some one has said, “ N ew world-wide associations are bringing

the people into more varied and constant contact with the Christian idea

so that it will be more rapidly and generally, albeit somewhat unconsciously,

assimilated.” It is a cause for congratulation that in this country the mis-

190 7] Japan Mission 133

sionaries not only enjoy perfect freedom in the prosecution of their work,

but the Christian movement is looked upon with friendly eyes by many

leaders of public opinion, both in the government and out of it; and these

men have not hesitated to give considerable sums of money, not only in

aid of eleemosynary institutions, but often for distinctively Christian work.

There has been a growing feeling o f dismay in the nation of late years,

in view of the increasing failure of the ethical ideals to control the moral

conduct of the student classes. A year ago the minister o f education issued

an instruction in which he called attention to “ a tendency to occasional

despondency and to ethical decadence,” which was an occasion for grave

anxiety. The instruction precipitated an interesting discussion by the press,

a result o f which was that the nation’s thought has been directed by religious

and nonreligious journals to the importance of some religious sanction as

a basis for moral education. This has no doubt helped to open the door

for a wider hearing and acceptance of Christian teaching.

M ISS IO N W ORK D IS T IN C T FROM K U M I - A I

Until last year no attempt was made to discriminate carefully between

the work of the mission and that of the Japanese churches, but a new era

began then— an era in which not only individual churches should stand upon

their own feet, but in which the denomination should appear before the

world as a self-supporting and self-sustaining body, undertaking the support

also of all the dependent churches which had attained sufficient size and

strength to warrant their being called churches. The only stipulation was

that the parent mission should help them with the financial burden for three

years, and then the mission should be left free to devote all its energies to

the fostering and developing of infant church enterprises and to the general

work.

SOCIOLOGICAL W ORK

In the last annual report attention was drawn to the remarkable increase

in the number of orphans at the Okayama Orphanage, due to the taking in

o f hundreds of the orphans from the famine districts of the north. The

past year has been one of heroic effort to secure a larger income for the

care of the increased numbers. Dr. Pettee writes that a great advance has

been made in the housing and training of the children. “ The cottage system

has been adopted, with 51 house-mothers, each at the head of her own little

family, and responsible for the 20 children under her care.” One great

event o f the year was the celebration on April 20 of the twentieth anniver­

sary of Mr. Ishii’s befriending the first orphan. As an expression of appre­

ciation, the graduates of the institution have raised 1,200 yen ($600). Thirty-

five of the older children have been baptized during the year. The institution

continues to enjoy royal patronage. During the year it has attracted the

attention of new men of prominence and property.

Hanabatake, a Christian social settlement work in Okayama, has grown

so that it has been necessary during the year to purchase more land and to

*34 Japan Mission [Report

enlarge the schoolhouse. The number o f different patients treated at the

free dispensary is reported to be 340, while there have been 3,000 different

treatments and prescriptions. It is interesting to note also the large amount

received as local gifts, 2,100 yen, which is more than twice the sum contrib­

uted by the mission.

The board o f education has accredited the school of the Matsuyama

Factory G irls’ Home as not only one of high quality but a Christian school as

well. The institution is not as yet self-supporting, still the addition of- a w eav­

ing department during the year helps solve the problem by attracting and

holding enough girls to fill the house to its full capacity. In fact, the workers

are troubled to know what to do with the large numbers that are applying for

admission.

The Matsuyama N ight School might be classed under educational institu­

tions as well as under sociological work, since it is giving the full primary

and grammar courses to upwards o f 100 poor children. It also offers work

and dormitory privileges to a limited number, while the institution and the

entire community are saturated with a Biblical atmosphere through the influ­

ence of its teachers. Children from this school are marked from their fel­

lows in the factory where they work by their better conduct and talk, while

their non-Christian employer, impressed by the value of Christian training

given, is contributing twenty yen yearly toward the support of the school. It

is a cause of regret that the institution is so much hampered by its cramped

and inadequate quarters.

The M iyazaki School Girls’ Home deserves to be classed as a Christian

sociological enterprise inasniuch as it seeks to give a Christian home and

Christian training to a limited number of schoolgirls (7 or 8) within the

missionaries’ home. A ll have become Christians during the year except

three who had received baptism previously. It is hoped that eventually the

work may be broadened, and that a dormitory may be erected with a capable

Christian matron in charge.

T H E E V A N G E L IS T IC FIE LD A N D FORCES

The General Religious Situation.— The past twelvemonth has been a truly

remarkable one in the history o f Christian progress. Three movements or

tendencies may be noted as characterizing the year. The first is an increased

readiness to hear and receive Christian truth, the second is the manifest

desire and effort among Christians for the development of an independent

Japanese Christianity, while the third is the notable evangelistic fervor and

the large ingatherings. These movements have been more or less common to

all the Japanese churches, though perhaps best illustrated in the Kum i-ai body.

Mr. Newell says, in reporting the annual meeting o f the Kumi-ai churches

held in Kobe last fa ll: “ In past years the great goal of independence m ay

have obscured at times the greater goal o f spirituality. But it was evident

at this meeting that the near approach of the realization of that independence

idea is having a sobering effect which responsibility always brings. And the

m anifest hunger and thirst for spiritual results showed that the greater goal

1907] Japan Mission

has come now fully into view.” The chosen motto of that meeting was, "P ra y

without ceasing,” and that prayer had a definite end in view was made evi­

dent by the fact that for the second time 2,000 yen was raised for extending

the forw ard movement evangelistic work, a thousand yen was guaranteed by

a few deacons to give two weeks of practical and theological lectures in the

capital to evangelists and pastors from the interior, the budget for home and

foreign mission work was doubled, involving at least 10,000 yen, and the first

Woman’s Board for Home and Foreign Missions was organized. Dr. De-

Forest, after extended tours both in and out of the famine region of last

year, tells, through Mission News, that that great famine is not only past,

but the great spiritual famine of a quarter of a century, that starved the

young men and sent so many of them to despair and suicide, is at last over,

and the fields now are everywhere white to harvest. “ O f all the changes I

have seen during thirty-two years,” he continues, “ none surpass these tw o :

the universal hunger for new knowledge and the very marked wide hunger

for soul food that shall give life more abundantly.”

Mr. M iyagawa recently said that he believed there were now in Japan

1,000,000 people, not members of churches, who were ordering their lives

in accordance with the New Testament, and who required now only to be

brought to a public confession of their faith.

Dr. Davis writes, “ There is a greater readiness to listen to the gospel

and accept Christ, especially among young men, than has been known for

years.” And the statement is borne out by the remarkable results of the

evangelistic campaign following upon the heels o f the Student Federation

Conference early in April. Delegates from abroad, with Japanese co-laborers

in groups of two or more, went out into twenty of the largest cities of the

empire to present in a definite way the claims of Christ, with the result that

in the two or three weeks that elapsed between 1,500 and 2,000 people, it is

claimed, most of them students, registered a purpose to become Christians.

Dr. Pettee w rites: “ The progress of the year has been very exceptional,

and yet very healthy. The aggressive evangelistic spirit of the times so

much in evidence elsewhere has prevailed also in Okayama prefecture, and

the outlook, as this report is made up, gives promise of gratifying results

in the future. There have been some 200 baptisms in the whole field, an

advance of thirty-three per cent over the average record.” The Maebashi

field also reports 200 new converts as one fruit of a wonderful revival that

has been going on there, and other fields echo the dominant evangelistic

note. Even where no special effort has been put forth great accessions are

reported. The four independent Kumi-ai churches in Osaka have added n o

by baptism during the year, while the Hongo Church in Tokyo, under Rev.

Dan jo Ebina’s care, has increased its resident membership thirty-three per

cent, with 161 baptisms.

The Forward Movement.— When we inquire more particularly what

methods have been employed to develop this interest and produce such

results we must mention first the “ Shuchu Dendo,” and similar movements,

which translated means “ concentrated evangelism.” The method of pro-

i 3 6 Japan Mission [Report

cedure is as fo llo w s: A certain center is selected where there is already a

growing church. This field is diligently cultivated for a period of some

months by the local workers, getting the Christians ready for the newr

advance, and raising up new inquirers by diligent Bible instruction both

within and without the church. Then a number of pastors of note and

experience from the metropolitan centers come in, and for a period of from

a week to two weeks carry on a vigorous evangelistic campaign, with nightly

platform meetings and daily Bible instruction and personal interviews. Up

to the date of writing the Japanese Missionary Society has carried on offi­

cially ten such campaigns in as many centers, with over 500 converts result­

ing. Y et these figures by no means account for all, since in connection

with this work in the centers unreported, campaigns were held in smaller

outstations, and other work of a like nature, such as that o f the Okayama

Evangelization Society, has been carried on in a number o f places. This

last mentioned society is the outgrowth of the Bible Evangelizing" Company,

which for four years has worked faithfully on the plan of one worker

teaching one gospel to one inquirer, and which, it is not too much to say,

was among the earliest and most practical manifestations of the present

revival movement throughout the land. During the year special meetings

were held in 5 different places under this agency, resulting in 143 baptisms.

E ven our own missionaries, notably in the Hokkaido field, have tried this

method of evangelization with success.

A few instances w ill suffice to show the power o f the movement. O f the

meetings in Tsuyam a our correspondent w rites: “ I have never witnessed

a higher, healthier uplift, relatively speaking. No wonder there are already

200 inquirers in thirty different houses at Tsuyama, and the fire is spreading

throughout the prefecture.” F ifty-six persons were baptized in the church

there at one time. In the old castle town of Ayabe people came for miles

and camped out in the church. T hirty-four public meetings were held, one

a theater meeting, attended by 800 people. Seventy-six people received

baptism, 10 of whom were girls from a silk filature under th$ management

o f an earnest Christian man whose constant influence, added to that of these

special meetings, resulted in 304 out of the 600 girls asking for baptism.

The one reporting the meetings adds, “ This marvelous work of the Holy

Spirit in this small town is beyond expectation, but it simply brought to

fruition many years of patient toil and seed sowing.” This last seems to

have been the experience everywhere. Christianity was brought to the

attention o f a multitude of new hearers, but the decisions were almost wholly

from those to whom Christianity was no new thing. In Sendai, where the

remarkable meetings culminated in 47 baptisms on one Sunday in one church

and as many more in a Presbyterian church, many of the new converts had

attended Sunday school for years. In M iyazaki and two other places in

the same field the meetings resulted in 100 accessions to the 3 churches,

which almost doubled the resident membership. In Imabara and Kochi

in the M atsuyama field an aggregate o f 77 was added the first Sunday, and

many more since; while in the Maebashi field, where the work centered in

1907] Japan Mission *37

four large places, with 200 Christians as the visible fruit of the revival that

has spread through the entire province, these beneficent results may be largely

attributed to this same movement.

I f we ask what the subsequent effects and results of the movement may

be, we must confess to a feeling of deep anxiety in view of the great burden

that has been laid upon the churches o f training and establishing in the

faith this vast influx of undeveloped material. A s one says, “ It is one

thing to get and another to hold, and our pastors are driven to prayer and

much hard thinking in order to cope with the task that has been laid upon

them.” And there are other gains. The wide hearing that has been

accorded the gospel, the awakened sympathy or the definite espousal of

the Christian cause by many leading men in public and private life, and the.

new places that have been opened for Christian meetings are remarkable

achievements. Public buildings, government schools, business men’s clubs,

have opened their doors freely— a thing that would have been impossible

ten, or even five, years ago. Here are other results of the movement, also,

which Mr. Pedley records: “ A n eagerness to work for the province as a

whole, rather than for any one church; growing consciousness of respon­

sibility to God on the part of lay members, and a difference in the Sunday

sermon— not less intellectual, but more fervent and direct.” The move-

ment seems to have been born of the Spirit of God.

Preaching and Touring.— The work above outlined is, of course, largely

Kumi-ai work, though our own work has been more or less tributary to

it, and our own chapels have been greatly affected by it. Coming now to

what is more particularly the work for which the mission is responsible,

we would mention first the general preaching and touring, which occupies

so large a part o f many of the missionaries’ time. In all the stations much

of this kind of work is being done, and there seems to be little falling off

in the demand for it. In spite of his imperfect command of the language,

the missionary’s presence and message count. Occasionally some unsolicited

testimonies are received as to the missionary’s influence that give cheer.

For instance, on the occasion of the leaving of Dr. and Mrs. D eForest on

furlough, a few months since, the local Sendai paper spoke in complimentary

terms of the esteem in which their friend was held, and added: “ I f our

people think that they have made Japan what it is today by their own

strength alone they are greatly mistaken. Behind Japan’s victories, Japan’s

intellectual and moral progress, there are these missionaries who have

always stood for the cause o f justice.”

The missionary’s ability to preach acceptably brings him into a variety

of forms of service. Sometimes he is called upon to assume virtually all

the duties of a pastor over a local church for a considerable period o f time,

as has been the case with Mr. Newell in the Komachi Church during the

past year. A gain it is gospel tent preaching that invites him, as in connec­

tion with the exposition in Sapporo, which has absorbed so much of the

missionaries’ time there recently ; or street preaching, as in Otaru, where

two missionaries and two Japanese pastors worked together for a month

Japati Mission [Report

or more, and at the close one of the pastors said he felt “ a new zest in the

preaching of the gospel, and his pulpit now was as broad as the limits o f

the city.” Even on train or boat or omnibus the missionary often finds

the interested group to whom he may open up the W ord of life. Further

to be mentioned is the service that is being rendered through the English

sermon, for which the missionary is frequently called upon, either on spe­

cial occasions or in the more regularly sustained services like that in Kyoto,

which is o f so great value not only to the resident foreign community, but

to the large number of tourists who visit the city.

Bible Classes.— N ext to preaching and touring perhaps no form of work

occupies more o f the missionaries’ attention than teaching the Bible to indi­

viduals and to groups of interested inquirers. Much of the teaching is in

English, and many students come at first for the sake of the English, but

they gradually become interested in the truth till they are glad to study the

Bible deeply for its own sake. One of the missionaries in Niigata has had

six English Bible classes during the year from different classes of society,

all o f which have resulted in direct and visible spiritual results. A ll pas­

tors regard their Bible work as very important, and some put their main

strength into it. For instance, one pastor in the M iyazaki field has had as

many as twenty-four different appointments to teach the Bible weekly, either

with groups of seekers in private homes or with individuals at his own house.

It is surprising what a demand there is for Bibles. A Bible seller recently

sold in M iyazaki over a hundred copies of the New Testament in three days,

and this notwithstanding the fact that another agent had sold as many

there not two years before and that the missionaries are selling Bibles

constantly.

There is probably not a lady worker in the mission, whatever her other

work may be, but has one or more Bible classes, chiefly among students.

Especially noteworthy in this line is Miss Bradshaw’s work in Sendai and

Miss Daughaday’s work in Sapporo. In the absence of all the representa­

tives o f the Sendai station no detailed report for the past year is available,

but in other years it was said there were more accessions to the church

through Miss Bradshaw’s Bible classes than through any other agency,

while the Sapporo missionaries give a similar testimony as to the value of

Miss Daughaday’s work.

Sunday Schools.— This form of work is gaining increased prominence,

and rightly so. It is hard to overestimate the value o f this work with chil­

dren in laying strong foundations. There are seven Sunday schools supported

by the mission in Kyoto, five of them under the charge of as many of our

lady missionaries, while in the entire city there are twenty-eight of all denom­

inations, twenty-three having joined the newly formed association. This

national Sunday School Federation has been organized as the result o f the

visit o f Mr. Frank L . Brown, the representative o f the International Sunday

School Association. It is hoped that this ‘ federation will lead to a great

increase o f interest in the work of the Sunday school, and to a more intel­

ligent zeal in the production of Sunday school literature. From the first of

Japan Mission *39

July it will assume charge of the publication of quarterlies and other lesson

helps. In Sapporo one school is reported as under the local missionary’s

control; in Sendai there are two; in Tottori two either controlled or sup­

ported by the mission; in N iigata there are three; and in Miyazaki there is

one in the missionaries’ house and several others here and there connected

with the station’s work. The largest and most remarkable Sunday school

in Japan is the new one organized the first of January in the Okayama

orphanage of 900 members. H aving no building large enough to contain

them all, they have met every Sunday thus far for their opening exercises

under the blue vault o f heaven.

Women's W ork.— Among the different ways in which the lady mission­

aries are exerting a strong influence may be mentioned especially the work

<lone through the church women’s societies, which are more or less active

in all stations. These societies have, in most cases, some Bible study con­

nected with them, and in various ways they are aiding the local church

and the Christian cause. Regarding the work of one such society in Mae-

■bashi our correspondent writes, “A society of the young women of the church

has been formed, and they distinguished themselves early in their career by

inviting 150 girls who reel silk in the factories, and treating them to an

afternoon entertainment in which the needs of body, mind, and soul were

fully met.” Another item which gives encouragement may be mentioned

in this place. “ A woman’s meeting held in connection with the recent

evangelistic movement in Annaka was attended by some 400 women, less

than 100 of whom were Christians.”

Cooking classes are in some places also proving a valuable means of

reaching and influencing ladies of the higher social ranks. Helpful work

is being done also in a few places through temperance societies. In Niigata,

besides the customary wom ens societies, there is a mothers’ meeting and

three flourishing societies for girls of different ages, all of which are

developing true Christian womanhood and raising up workers for the cause

o f Christ. This is in “ darkest Echigo,” where a common threat of parents

to their little girls is, “ I f you are not good we will not let you be a geisha.”

In passing we must mention the valued work of the Bible-women, so

closely associated with the missionaries. It would be difficult to calculate

how many homes are opened to the hearing of the gospel through these

earnest sowers o f the W ord. The Tottori correspondent speaks especially

of the w ay in which their Bible-woman won her way to the hearts of a

large number of people in a few months.

M usic.— The missionary has a large opportunity for influence, both

direct and indirect, if he possesses musical ability. Japan is seeking musical

culture with ever increasing earnestness, and the demand for instruction

in music is second only to the demand for English. Successful classes have

been maintained during the year in a number of places, notably Tokyo,

Niigata, Osaka, Tottori, and Miyazaki, while the work of our missionaries

in the first three places in developing musical taste in certain churches has

not only been valuable for its own sake, but it has been an important evan­

140 Japan Mission [Report

gelizing agency. Mr. Allchin has been able to extend his services in this

line to a number of different places. Organs have been bought by several

churches during the year, and the sale of the Union Hymn Book has now

exceeded 100,000 copies. A new Union Hymn Book for Sunday schools is

in process o f preparation.

Special Success .— W e rejoice in the prosperity of the K u jo Chapel in

Osaka on the completion and entrance into its beautiful new building; in

M iyakonojo of the M iyazaki field and its large numerical increase,, trebling

the former resident membership; in the spiritual revivings that have come

to so many churches, especially Marugame in the Matsuyama field, A yabe

in the Kyoto field, and several o f the churches in Okayama prefecture;

and for the steady and growing usefulness of the Nagaoka Church in Echigo

throughout a large community.

One is amazed on reading of the Christian activity of business men

like Mr. Hadano, of the silk filature in Ayabe, of whom mention has already

been made, or o f the Sumitomo fam ily— the proprietors of the Besshi cop­

per mine— who, though not Christians, have done so much for the support

o f the gospel in that region; or o f the Ogura Railroad Construction Com­

pany in T ottori— Christian business men in whose path Sunday schools,

Bible classes, and preaching services have started up like magic. These are

only a few of the evidences o f the vitality o f the Christian forces during

the year past.

New W ork .— The opportunities for new work have been more than could

be met. Am ong the new enterprises may be mentioned the start in Suma,

a fashionable resort near Kobe, opened and sustained in conjunction with

the local district association; also the beginning of a promising work in

Obihiro in the Hokkaido; Bible classes for the first time in a village near

Okayama, famed as the seat o f an important academy; and the reopening

o f the entire Tottori field after a suspension of two years. This last is worthy

o f somewhat detailed mention. Since withdrawing from this station the

work, though not entirely lost, has not flourished. The welcome accorded

the returning missionaries was therefore especially cordial, and the addi­

tion at once to the working force of four missionaries (two permanently

and two for the year only), a new evangelist, and two new Bible-women

has made possible not only the reviving o f the old work but the starting of

new. A s a result o f the new life a large new church has been projected,

a new organ has been purchased, and one or more new preaching places

have been opened.

The development of the Otaru branch of the Hokkaido work, and the

decision that one o f the two missionary families in Sapporo should take

up residence in Otaru, has meant the virtual opening up of a new work,

i f not of a new station. W e will not attempt to write of the new fields

that might be entered and that ought to be entered.

C H U R C H B U IL D IN G

One of the remarkable signs of the times is the unprecedented activity

during the last two years since the close o f the w ar in church building.

J9°7] Japan Mission 141

N ever in the history of Christianity in Japan have we seen anything like

it. There is hardly a station in which there has not been some church

building enterprise on hand during the past year. Reference has been made

to the fine new K ujo Chapel in Osaka. The Heian Church, the oldest

church in Kyoto, has recently completed the remodeling of its structure,

making it the largest in the city. Maebashi has a large new church under

way, and Tottori is planning for large things. In the Niigata field two

new buildings have been completed, at Shibata and Nakajo, and two other

•congregations are soliciting aid. In the Kyoto field two new churches have

been built at Fukuchiyama and Shimmaizuru, and one other place is making

plans. In the M iyazaki field, in addition to the recently completed exten­

sive repairs on the Miyazaki church, there are five other places where the

Christians are raising money for church buildings. Dr. DeForest, in report­

ing a certain tour through Northern and Central Japan, says: “ O f all the

tours I have made in Japan I never struck such a fever for church build­

in g as I found among the Kumi-ai Christians this time. I made a list of

twelve churches newly built or doubled in size or planned for in the imme­

diate future, at a total cost of 15,000 yen, which is 5,000 yen more than they

used last year.”

A t the 1906 mission meeting a voluntary association was formed among

the missionaries for the purpose of aiding these churches which are making

such heroic efforts to properly house themselves. In pursuance of this plan

300 yen has already been expended in aid of four churches, while applica­

tions are in hand for at least five more. Now is the time for a large

•expenditure of money by those who would show real sympathy with these

struggling Christians in Japan.

E D U C A TIO N A L W ORK

In General.— The past year has been remarkable in educational circles

io r the interest that has been manifested throughout the country in Chris­

tian teaching and Christian teachers. Normal and middle schools have

opened their halls for Christian lectures; one missionary writes that since

the first of January he has been invited to speak in primary schools ten

different times; another has been teaching a few times a week in a govern­

ment middle school, thus adding to his influence, while another has recently

been appointed a lecturer in the Kyoto Imperial University. Bible classes

am ong students and teachers of government schools have multiplied, while

our Christian schools are nearly all filled to the limit of their present capac­

ity. Never was the student body of Japan so accessible to Christian teach­

ing. The change from eleven years ago is almost incredible.

Schools Connected with the Mission.— The mission is now connected with

seventeen Christian educational institutions, either in direct control or assist­

ing the Japanese. O f this number four are kindergartens, five are higher

girls’ schools, including Kobe College and the Doshisha Girls’ Department,

and three are elementary schools for the poorer classes in Matsuyama and

Okayam a, as previously mentioned. O f the remaining five, two are the Kobe

I 4 2 Japan Mission [Report

Kindergarten Training School and the Kobe W omen’s Evangelistic School,

while three are comprised under the Doshisha as the college, academy, and

theological school. Hanabatake includes three schools in one— a kinder­

garten, a prim ary department, and a night school.

Doshisha .— The prosperity of Doshisha may be inferred from the fact

that in all its departments the present enrollment is the largest for years,

aggregating 781 students. In April, 1907, Rev. Tasuku Harada, pastor o f

the Kobe Kumi-ai church, was inaugurated as president of the Doshisha

and principal of its schools, he having been elected to fill the two offices

that had been left vacant by the resignations of Messrs. Shimomura and

Niwa. His coming is hailed with great satisfaction, since he not only

possesses marked ability for the position, but he holds the good will of all

the institution’s constituents, which should result in centering the interest

o f the entire Kumi-ai body upon this school. Another event of importance

is the coming, after two years of study abroad, o f Dr. Sidney L. Gulick,

to occupy the chair of systematic theology, which will add strength to the

institution as a whole.

In the academy the large number of applicants has made it necessary to

limit the number of students who may be received. In the college a divi­

sion has been made into two departments, economic and literary, and the

lecture system has been largely extended. The entering class of 20 last

fall in the theological school was the largest for years, and it seems as

though a beginning were to be made in the solution of the most vexed

problem before the Japanese churches today— the supplying of well-equipped

Japanese Christian leaders. There are 33 students now enrolled, and

the fraternity o f feeling which the mission enjoys with the Methodist

Protestants and United Brethren is evidenced by the fact that of this num­

ber two are from the former and one from the latter body. Most of the

students are engaged in some form of evangelization work under the direc­

tion of the city pastors. There is a plan for lengthening the curriculum from

four to five years, that the best possible training may be given before the

students go out into the active ministry. In the girls’ department the prob­

lems of administration of the year are nearing harmonious solution. An

almost entire change in the corps of Japanese lady teachers has brought

inevitable confusion, but things are gradually changing to a more stable

basis.

The crying need of the Doshisha at this stage is for a more adequate

endowment and funds that can be used for necessary enlargement. In con­

clusion we will quote from Mr. Lombard’s report: “ W e are at the begin­

ning of a great forward movement under the administration of President

Harada. The prospects of the school were never brighter. F or the needs

of development in the theological and college departments the alumni are

planning to increase the income by gifts, and an endowment project is being

inaugurated.”

Kobe College.— The past year has been marked as one o f material change

and blessing. A piece of land adjoining the college grounds of about an

1907] Japan Miss ioti M3

acre in extent has beeh leased, and a well-equipped building has been erected

upon it for the academy classes, with vacant space left for athletic grounds.

In addition to this a handsome new structure, the largest of all the buildings,

is in process o f erection in the center of the college grounds. This will be

used as chapel, library, and administration building combined. The campus

is also being transformed and beautified.

A n important event of the year has been the organization of a board of

managers, of which several members, among them two alumnae, are Japanese.

The results thus far have abundantly justified the change. The musical

department of the school has done good work during the year, and the science

department has been strengthened by the return, unexpectedly, of Dr. Hol­

brook. A beginning has been made in organized student self-government

which promises well. There has been a quiet deepening of the spiritual life

among the students without any marked revival interest. Eleven have

received baptism.

The Osaka Baikwa Girls’ School.— Unusual changes have been made in

the teaching force of this Japanese school, yet this thirtieth year of its

history has been marked by vigorous work and heightened usefulness. The

great value of the school, apart from its educational character, consists in

its vital spiritual influence. Teachers and pupils are all in regular Bible

classes, 131 are members o f the two Christian Endeavor Societies, and the

atmosphere of the whole institution is intensely Christian. There are 32

in vernacular graduating class for 1908, and 7 in the English class, one of

them in the fourth generation of Christians.

Matsuyama and Maebashi Girls’ Schools.— Both of these schools have

progressed steadily in numbers and efficiency. The former has now been

under the mission’s care for one year, and the school has been entirely

transformed both in its equipment and in its inner life. Both schools are

saturated with the Bible, and the spirit of the teachers is excellent. In the

former school, out of a graduating class o f 9 only 2 were not Christians,

while in the latter 16 of the 34 graduates were Christians.

Woman’s Evangelistic School.— This school is just completing the twen­

tieth year o f its life in its present quarters, and reports a total of 65 Bible-

women trained and graduated since the beginning of its history. A new

home for the school is now in process of building on its own premises, and

it is expected that with the new building and the new missionary helper

who is coming the institution will gain in effectiveness and power. Certain

Kumi-ai pastors have been asked to act as an advisory committee to give

counsel and sympathy, and it is believed this will make a new point of con­

tact with the churches.

Kobe Kindergarten Training School.— W e rejoice with Miss Howe over

the progress this school has made during the year. The first large class

has come, consisting o f 16 girls, with a waiting list o f 10 more. New

equipment has been added and improvements made, and a large g ift has

come from a Japanese who appreciates what has been done for his children.

The Kindergartens.— The mission’s five kindergartens, including the one

1 4 4 Japan Mission [Report

in Hanabatake, have flourished as usual, each having a large list o f children

w aiting for vacancies to occur.

PUBLICATION

General.— There has been no great volume of Christian literature pub­

lished this year, though there has been a normal increase.

Kumi-ai Publications.— The most notable publications of the year aside

from periodical literature are the several volumes of a new series of- Expos­

itor’s Bibles, by leading Kumi-ai pastors, a “ L ife o f Jesus,” by Mr. Harada,

an “ Introduction to the Old and N ew Testaments,” by Mr. Makino, besides

a number o f translations o f standard religious works.

Mission Publications.— W ith the cooperation of the Mission Publication

Committee the first five volumes o f the revised edition of Dr. Learned’s

“ New Testament Commentary” have been published by the Keiseisha,

together with his large volume of “ Church H istory,” the second edition of

Dr. D avis’s large volume o f “ Theology,” and his two smaller volumes of

lectures given in the theological department o f Doshisha, entitled, respec­

tively, “ Successful Evangelistic W o rk ” and “ Revivals, Their Nature and

History,” also a second edition of “ The Mother P lay.” Dr. Atkinson has

continued the publication of Morning Light, with a circulation of 42,800

copies during the year. Mission News, with a circulation of 500 monthly,

has served to keep the mission in touch with itself and with the Christian

public abroad. Dr. Pettee has had a large hand in the monthly publication

of the Christian Endeavor and The Orphan Asylum, as heretofore. Dr.

Greene has prepared the fourth annual issue of The Christian Movement in

Japan, a most valuable volume to all who are interested in the deeper

progress of the nation.

ANNIVERSARIES

In addition to the previously mentioned twentieth anniversary of the

founding of Okayama Orphanage must be mentioned the double anniversary,

celebrated in February by the Naniwa (the second) church of O saka— the

thirtieth o f its own life and the twentieth o f the death o f its first pastor,

the Rev. Paul Sawayam a, that remarkable “ Pastor o f P astors” and “ Apostle

of Self-support.” The thirtieth anniversary of the founding of the Heian

Church in Kyoto, together with the completion of the remodeling of its

building, was duly celebrated in October.

STATISTICS

The statistics are presented in two sections. The first table presents the

statistics o f the educational institutions with which the mission has been

connected during the year (A pril, 1906, to April, 1907). The second table

gives the main statistics published by the Kum i-ai churches, in connection

with which we work, under the Kumi-ai bukwai o f districts, together with

corresponding figures in parallel columns o f the work o f organized chapels

or preaching places still under the care o f the mission. The two sets of

Japan Mission 145

figures are mutually self-exclusive. The figures for the preaching places

of the mission do not include local preaching places whose converts are

enrolled with other churches. In many cases, unfortunately, the figures for

the mission’s work are only approximate. These statistics are for the year

extending from January i to December 31, 1906, hence there will in some

cases seem to be discrepancy between these statistics and the figures given

in the body of the report, which are from April to April.

E D U C A T IO N A L S T A T IS T IC S

Institution. Place. Control and support. Enrolled last year.

Graduated this year.

Presentenrollment.

Glory Kindergarten...............

Airin K indergarten ...............

Imadegawa Kindergarten . .

Maebashi Kindergarten . .

Kindergarten Training School,

Woman’s Evangelistic School,

Night and Industrial School

Factory Girls’ School . . . .

Hanabatake School

Kobe College and Academy

Matsuyama Girls’ School . .

Baikwa Girls’ School

Maebashi Girls’ School . .

Doshisha Girls’ School . . .

Doshisha Academy . . . .

Doshisha C o lle g e ...............

Doshisha Theological School

Kobe

Kyoto

Kyoto

Maebashi

Kobe

Kobe

Matsuyama

Matsuyama

Okayama

Kobe

Matsuyama

Osaka

Maebashi

Kyoto

Kyoto

Kyoto

Kyoto

Mission control and sup­port

Japanese control ; mis­sion assists

Mission control and sup­port

Mission and Japanese

Mission control

Japanese control ; mis­sion assists

Detailed figures for Hanabatake

Í Kindergarten

Primary School

L Night School

64 -5

55

55 24

40 •3’>

ir > j 4

24 4

64

55

41

1C

24

2G 8 60

142 12i

141

244 24 210

68 9 I 73

249 23 1 203

130 34 140

198 20 208

474 35 48C

52 A 49

24 3 1 38

23 6 32

71 6 ' 85

48 24

G E N E R A L S T A T IS T I C S F O R 1906

wOS

District or bukvuri and missionary centers.

H okkaido Sapporo Tohoku Sendai K w anto Tokyo . Maebashi Niigata K yoto . Kyoto . Osaka . Osaka . Kyogo Kobe . Chnkoku Okayama Shikoku Tottori . Matsuyama K y ushiu . Miyazaki K e ijo . . Seoul, Korea

Kumi-ai totals Mission totals

18116

139

957

’ 1134

30125

53123

612

49530

24615 33

13516

8

3,666203

59979

4(5(5

3,010

6693

1,687148

1,55367

1,661

1,5311327:%41

1924237061

11,726878

E.a&

£ .i s

10»

487

‘e28

17327

13012

107

26022

133

5(53812

1,576173

o S2 «3 Si

ai S

38

112

498

104

107

89

233

107

30

40

1,358

•a

38

II& s

<

36329

379

1,04(>

2920566(5510(54960

7(>4

1,1392154921805353(57200

5,8591,973

£ § W5 >> 0 .2 'S«

u

2,588

1,045

9,672

4,402

7,036

6,27(5

3,500

1,355

968

92

36,904

■“ CO

JfîHIso

374

95

2,157

1,146

2,8:35

1,8758150

347

4(51

312

10,430

3,898278

2,297

16,855

80180

12,444

13,697997

13,614

5,4702,7744,234

29340

1,576147915

74,9994,825

.2 5¡ i

636

2761,392

996

850

1,310

5521,800

8,137

6,247

4,630

42,603

27,262

36,858

42,867

27,34!»

8,900

4,30(5

201,022

£Si«

Si-a

1 The first line (K) gives statistics for the Kumi-ai churches’ work, the other lines (M) for the mission’s work.1 Not including local gifts for mission chapel buildings.; Not including appropriations for touring or general evangelistic work, nor a grant of 3,139 yen to the Japanese Home Missionary Society. g

O

i9°7] Micronesian Mission J47

MICRONESIAN MISSION

W O R K F O R T H E G I L B E R T I S L A N D S

Residing at Honolulu.— Hiram Bingham, d . d . , Ordained.

Residing in the Group.— Alfred C. Walkup, Ordained.Residing at Kusaic.— Miss Louise E. Wilson.

W O R K F O R T H E M A R S H A L L I S L A N D S

Residing in the Group.— Clinton F. Rife, m . d . , Ordained; Mrs. Isadora Rife.

Residing at Kusaie.— Miss Jennie Olin.

W O R K I N T H E C A R O L I N E I S L A N D S

P o n a p e .— In charge of the German missionaries.

j T r u k .— Martin L. Stimson, Ordained; Mrs. Emily B. Stimson, Miss Elizabeth

Baldwin, Miss Jane D. Baldwin.

W O R K I N T H E M A R I A N A S

G u a m .— Herbert E. B. Case, Ordained; Mrs. Ada R. Case.

In this country.— Irving M. Channon, Thomas Gray, Albert A . Jagnow,5 Ordained;

Mrs. M ary L. Channon, Mrs. Leta D. Gray, Mrs. Maria G. Jagnow, Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Miss Ida C. Foss.

On the way out.— P. H. Delaporte, Ordained; Mrs. Delaporte.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment by the American Board but by

the Liebenzeller Mission o f Germany.— Rev. S. Hugenschmidt, Mr. Ernst Weise, Mrs.

Weise, Mr. Maeder, Mr. Doenges, Mr. Seibold, Miss Lina Luling, Miss Minna Karrer.

Such reports as have reached us from this mission have come in a some­

what fragm entary form, owing to the absence of several of the missionaries

from their stations and the irregularities of communications. Mr. and Mrs.

Channon have not been able to return to their work in the Gilbert Islands,

but hope soon to be on their way. Mr. Walkup left his work for a few

weeks that he might come to the United States, in the hope of securing a

new vessel which should enable him more adequately to care for the work

in the Gilbert group. Mr. and Mrs. Gray were in much need of a furlough,

and left Ponape at the beginning of the present year. Mr. and Mrs. Jagnow

were in such physical condition that it was deemed necessary for them to

come to the United States; and Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte, of Nauru, have

also taken a furlough of a few months that they might come to the United

States and also visit their home in Germany. Miss Foss and Miss Hoppin

are still detained in this country.

The special event of the year connected with this mission is the con­

summation of an agreement between our own Board and two German organ­

izations— the Christian Endeavor Union (Jugenbund) and the Liebenzeller

M ission— for cooperative work in the Caroline and Marshall Islands. Men­

tion was made in the last annual report of the arrival of two German mis­

sionaries on Ponape. Since then, after somewhat extended correspondence

with the friends in Germany, a formal agreement has been made in reference

to the relations o f the different parties in carrying forward all this work.

JThis name heretofore was spelled Ruk.

“Mr. Jagnow died October 16.

148 Micronesian Mission [Report

The Christian Endeavor Union o f Germany has shown great enthusiasm in

entering upon missionary work in the colonial possessions o f the German

empire, and, while entirely ready to provide the funds necessary for the

support o f several missionaries, the union is not so organized that it can

conduct the administrative and business part o f the enterprise. It has,

therefore, sought alliance with the Liebenzeller Mission, which w as origi­

nally established as a branch of the China Inland Mission, having a number

19073 Micronesian Mission 149

o f missionaries in the province o f Hunan in China. Liebenzell. its head­

quarters, is in W urtemberg, twenty miles from Stuttgart, and is thoroughly

organized for administrative work. The following points are named in the

agreement entered into by the Am erican Board and these two German

organizations:

“ (1 ) The missionaries who are sent out to Micronesia from Germany

shall be appointed by the Liebenzeller Mission, and shall be under its direc­

tion as to places and methods of work.

“ (2) The Jugenbund will take for its part of the work the provision

of funds to meet the cost of sending out and maintaining the laborers

appointed by the Liebenzeller Mission, also providing for such buildings,

schools, and transportation of workers and scholars as may be needful in

the prosecution o f the work.

“ (3) In the fulfillment of these mutual assurances the Am erican Board

is w illing to continue the missionaries o f its own appointment within these

two groups of islands, the Carolines and the Marshalls, so long as it may

be deemed needful for the successful maintenance of the work, the mission­

aries gradually retiring as their places may be supplied by the German

societies.

“ (4) The times and method of transference of the different sections

o f this work to the Liebenzeller Mission, including the property now held

by the Am erican Board, shall be fixed by mutual agreement. It is under­

stood that so soon and so far as the Liebenzeller missionaries can take

upon themselves the responsibilities of the work the Am erican Board will

Avithdraw its missionaries and turn over all care and support to the Lieben­

zeller Mission. Until such time it is expected that the missionaries of both

organizations w ill seek to labor in entire harmony, consulting together as

far as may be essential for successful prosecution of the work, .and making

such mutual arrangements as shall be for the best interests of all.”

These friends in Germany are heartily at one with the purposes and

methods on which the Board has conducted its missions hitherto; in the

choice of its agents and in the management of its missions we may antici­

pate entire harmony. O f course the arrangements have not been fully

perfected as yet, and there has not been time to adjust the different parts

o f the w ork; but we can only rejoice at the interest shown by our German

allies, and at the depth and sincerity o f their purpose to give the gospel to the

people in the colonial possessions for which they deem themselves specially

responsible. It is believed that as German missionaries, under the imperial

German government, in the Caroline and Marshall groups, certain infelic­

ities hitherto attending the prosecution of missionary work in these groups

will be obviated i f in due time this work can be wholly transferred to

their care.

The Morning Star has been out of commission during the whole year,

and the vessel is still unsold. The heavy cost o f running the vessel by reason

of the scarcity and high price of coal in Micronesia is the only reason why

the vessel has not been engaged in touring. The lack of its service has.

Micronesian Mission [Report

of course, entailed great loss, and the reports received from the different

groups have been very meager.

The Gilbert Islands.— Notwithstanding the discouragements arising from

lack of continuous supervision and the absence of Mr. and Mrs. Channon

all the year, it is affirmed that the work is in fairly good condition. One

very encouraging feature has been the steadfastness and stability of the

teachers, which has been quite a gain over previous years. Mr. W alkup

speaks o f some encouraging features in the work before he left early in

January. A t Butaritari the zeal of the Christian Endeavor Society was

most manifest, and the evangelistic committee was seeking to meet the needs

of the outlying villages. A similar encouraging report comes from M arakei

and Nonouti. A t Tapituea, Apemama, and T araw a the people had lapsed

into the demoralizing dances which lead many astray. Y et at the last

named place a native preacher was working effectively and with manifest

successes, controlling the tumult in the villages. A t Apaiang the Christian

community, though not large, is strong and full of good works, o f which

Mr. W alkup gives the follow ing illustration:

A t the communion table Pastor Teraoi presided, and after the closing

hymn the people brought their home missionary collection, amounting to

over fifteen dollars, Mr. W alkup then leading in a prayer of thanksgiving;

but before the dismissal the W om an’s Board wished to gather their contri­

bution on the same table, and the women and girls gave over fifteen dollars

for their offering. Some of the schoolgirls brought fifty cents, and on

inquiry it was learned that these girls had cocoanut trees which their parents

allowed them to set aside for this work. A fte r another prayer o f thanks­

giving and an attempt to dismiss the audience, the Christian Endeavor

Society desired to present their contribution, which amounted to $12.50.

These gifts are certainly most generous, in view of the limited means o f the

people.

Mr. Channon, on returning to Micronesia, expects to be located at Ocean

Island, the only one o f the Gilbert group which is not a low coral island.

This one exception seems to have been brought about by the raising of

the floor o f the ocean in some past age, thrusting up pinnacles o f coral

some seventy feet or more in height. On these great masses o f coral

deposits o f guano were made by the sea birds, and the phosphorus in the

guano, uniting with the limestone of the coral rock, has resulted in vast

deposits o f phosphate o f lime, which is of great commercial value.

Nauru, which is included in the Marshall group, about one hundred

miles west of Ocean Island, has a similar deposit, though much larger. The

Pacific Phosphate Company has been organized for the mining and trans­

portation of these rich deposits to various parts of the civilized world.

N ative Gilbert islanders have been brought to Ocean Island, where there

are at present 1,300. The Phosphate Company is in the control o f Chris­

tian men, most of them English and German, and the natives in their employ

are well cared for. A lready they have built a large church. Mr. Channon

has large plans for work on Ocean Island, including a training school for

men whom he hopes to select from the islanders who are coming to work

with the Phosphate Company. There is every reason to anticipate a speedy

and most hopeful development o f Christian work not only on Ocean Island,

but through the Gilbert group. It is possible, also, that some arrangement

w ill be made with the London M issionary Society, which is working in the

five southern islands o f the Gilbert group, by which higher educational work

for the group can be carried on cooperatively.

The Marshall Islands and K usaie .— There is little to report as to the

progress o f the work at Kusaie. Dr. Rife, according to views which he

has held very strongly, that the work for the Marshall Islands should be

conducted within the' group itself, and not on the island of Kusaie, has

taken up his residence at Mejuro, and has opened his boys’ school on that

island. Mrs. R ife has returned to him there after her furlough in Am erica.

W e have no direct information in regard to the condition of the work under

Dr. R ife ’s care. On Kusaie Miss W ilson and Miss Olin have held stead­

fastly to their idea that it was best to continue the girls’ schools on this high

and fertile island. They have had a somewhat reduced number of scholars.

Though not adequately supported, they have faithfully kept at their work,

believing that time would show that this was the best place for the training

o f these girls.

On the return of Mr. W alkup to Micronesia, where he is about arriving

at this time, he is authorized to charter, if possible, a motor vessel, by

which he and Dr. R ife can visit both the Marshall and Gilbert Islands,

including Kusaie ; also taking to their homes the girls who have now been

tor a long time in school on Kusaie. It is to be hoped that this arrangement,

though not all that could be desired, will serve to tide over the present

emergencies until a more adequate method can be devised for meeting the

needs o f this portion of the island world.

Nauru.— This island belongs politically to the M arshall group and hence

is under German authority. It is a unique mission station and has been

under the efficient care o f Rev. and Mrs. P. A. Delaporte, who for the past

six months have been absent on much needed furloughs. This island is, like

Ocean Island previously spoken of, a scene of busiest activity because of

the immense work begun by the Pacific Phosphate Company. The agents

o f this company are very friendly, and are sincerely anxious to aid in all

good efforts for the elevation and Christianization of the natives. Laborers

in sufficient numbers cannot be obtained from the islands, and the company

has imported recently not less than 1,000 Chinese, who now have full employ­

ment. The natives are tractable and seem to be deeply attached to their

missionary and his w ife. D uring their six months’ furlough Mr. and Mrs.

Delaporte have visited Germany, their native land, and have interested the

Germans in their work, and they expect to take back with them on their

return to N auru a trained Christian worker, Miss M aria Linke, who will

be supported by a woman’s organization in Germany.

Truk and the Mortlocks.— Mr. and Mrs. Jagnow having been compelled

to come to Am erica for reasons o f health, Mr. and Mrs. Stimson and the

1907] Micronesian Mission 1 5 1

i s 2 Mieronesian Mission [Report

Misses Baldwin have had the sole care o f the T ruk Lagoon. B efore leaving,

Mr. Jagnow could report that the natives are m anifestly learning more and

more the benefit o f Christian instruction, even i f they did not w alk in the

light which they were receiving. The people expressed much regret at the

leaving o f their missionaries, and begged them to return. Mr. Stimson has

given much time to the w ork o f the press that he may give the people what

they most urgently need, additional Christian literature.

A t K atua the schools have been maintained for at least thirty-four weeks

during the year, and Mr. Jagnow has continued the teaching o f the German

language. The health o f the pupils has been good, and though there have

been many deaths in the lagoon the schools have been m ercifully spared.

Each one of the native agents is expected to conduct a service and a Bible

school on the L ord ’s Day. In some o f these outstations there is also a mid­

week gathering, and in some a special meeting for women only. The total

number o f church members in good standing in the T ru k Lagoon was 445;

there were also quite a number o f applicants for membership to the church.

It is with great regret that so little can be reported from the M ortlock

group. The chief item from these islands concerns the typhoon, which

swept over the group on M arch 27, submerging some of the islands entirely,

and washing aw ay trees, houses, and many of the inhabitants. A t T a 120

lost their lives, and on five islands the church buildings were destroyed.

T he destruction o f the breadfruit and cocoanut trees reduced the supply

o f food so that great care is needed in the use of such supplies as are on

hand. A id was sent from Truk, as well as from Ponape, to the islanders,

and the chief o f at least one island forbade his people to take pay from any

person in need o f food. A postscript to a letter dated M ay 30 announced

that men had arrived from Germany, sent by our new German allies to

aid in the work in the T ruk Lagoon. No information, beyond the fact of

their arrival, has been received in regard to these helpers.

Ponape.— Mr, G ray before leaving was not able to visit the islands of

N gatik and Nukuor, but he learned that the w ork was carried on regularly

and the schools had been maintained. A t N gatik there were 67 communi­

cants and at N ukuor 68. A t the latter place all the children attend school,

and many o f the older people. The typhoon of 1905 so wrecked the island

of Pingelap that only about 300 remained there, yet the teacher, E tkar, gave

a favorable report o f the church work and the school. The situation in the

island world is most trying because of the loss o f their houses and their

trees. A t Mokil, also, the work was more or less demoralized by the storm.

It w ill be a year or two before these islands can recover from the disaster

from which they have suffered. A fte r the death o f Miss Palmer in February.

1905, and the departure o f Miss Foss to Am erica, the house at the Colony

w as completed and was found to be too small for the number who desire

to attend Christian services. One hundred and fifty could find room in the

house and on the veranda— Filipinos, M alays, Japanese, Pingelapers, Truk-

ites were present. It was found necessary to disband the girls’ school at

Oua, all the girls having been sent to their homes excepting those from

Micronesian Mission !53

Mokil, who remained in charge of Opatinia, the former missionary from

Ponape to the Mortlocks. Aside from the station at the colony on Oua

there are thirteen outstations, in eight of which there are regular day schools.

Though the Ponapeans are now very poor, Mr. Gray regards the work of

the churches in a hopeful condition, giving promise of good returns in the

future. Mention is made of the death of Siakwe, a heroic woman of Nukuor,

who taught her people all she knew of Christian truth, manifesting great

devotion to her Lord and Master and his work. Her death, it is said,

"“ was nothing less than the opening of heaven’s glory to her conscious

vision, and the arrival of the heavenly host to take her up higher.”

The teachers’ Bible class, maintained by Mr.. Gray while at Oua, ren­

dered excellent service, meeting every week and carrying the message they

themselves received to the people in the outstations. When Mr. and Mrs.

G ray left Ponape, at the beginning of the present year, for their needed

furlough, Mr. Hugenschmidt took charge o f the work at Oua and Mr.

W eise took charge of that at the Colony. There are at present no Am er­

ican missionaries on Ponape, and the work is wholly in the hands of these

German brethren, from whom as yet no direct report has been received

by us.

Guam.— In September of last year Rev. F. M. Price returned to Guam,

not expecting to remain there permanently, but only to complete the trans­

lation o f portions of the Scriptures into the Chamorro language. It is an

illustration of the eagerness with which these translations were desired

that Mr. Price reported that the natives contributed the sum of $130 in

order that these translations should be issued in English and Chamorro in

parallel columns. They have called earnestly for a catechism relating to

Christian truth and practice, and Mr. Price prepared the manuscript for

such a pamphlet.

H aving finished this work of translation, and being confirmed in his

previous opinion that it would be impossible for himself and Mrs. Price to

endure the climate of Guam, they returned to the United States, and after

some months o f labor in overseeing the printing o f the Scriptures trans­

lated they resigned their connection with the Board. Mr. Case speaks of

the great comfort and encouragement afforded by the presence of Mr. and

Mrs. Price during the months of their stay at Guam. Mr. and Mrs. Case

are now left alone as a missionary force at that island.

The population o f Guam consists of about ten thousand people, between

six and seven thousand of whom reside in the town of Agana. There are

here about 150 Am ericans, made up of the governor and naval officers, with

their families, a company of marines, and various clerks and government

employees. These Am ericans may as a class be described as nonreligious,

showing little care for any Christian influence. W ith the exception of

about 150 who belong to the Protestant community, all o f the natives of

the island are nominally adherents of the Roman Catholic Church. Their

religion is based on a grain o f truth covered over by a mass of superstition.

These people are spoken of as having a “ tropical temperament, friendly and

154 Mission to the Philippines [Report

easy-going., but as being as ignorant o f the essentials of Christian truth

as i f they were born in heathenism.” There are about forty members o f

the mission church, o f whom eight were received last year. Mr. Case has

reopened the mission training school and has had twelve pupils, in the work

for whom he is much interested. A larger force is needed to adequately

meet the conditions now existing. The field is not large, but it needs culti­

vation, and this island, which belongs to our own country, should not be

neglected by Am erican Christians.

MISSION TO THE PHILIPPINES

D a v a o . — Robert F. Black, Ordained; Mrs. Gertrude G. Black.

This Mission to the Philippines was established through the g ift o f a single

individual, made for this particular purpose outside the regular contributions

to the Board. Mr. Black went to the Philippines in 1902 for the purpose

o f opening work in the southern island of Mindanao. The particular place

selected was Davao, where, with Mrs. Black, a Christian home has been

maintained, and persistent efforts have been made to reach the people. The

attendance at the service, which Mr. Black has sought to maintain regularly,

has been inconstant, the people fearing to break with their neighbors and

with the church, which still has some hold upon them. But it is m anifestly

true that the Catholic Church is losing its influence with the people, and

writh a proper w orking force it is certain that good results will follow from

the preaching of the pure gospel. Mr. Black speaks of the good influence

o f the public schools established by the Am erican authorities. Though of

course the teachers give no distinctively religious instruction, their influence

upon the morals o f pupils is excellent.

In a recent tour, taken January last in the northern part of Mindanao,

in company with two young Filipinos connected with the Presbyterian Mis­

sion, Mr. B lack found the people ready to listen and ready to purchase

portions o f the Bible. The sales altogether amounted to 1,185 Gospels. O f

these the larger part were in the V isayan language, fifty were English, and

fifty were Spanish. In two or three places there were as many as two to

three hundred people ready to listen.

In June last Mr. B lack spent most of the time at the outstation of Santa

Cruz, where he found much that was encouraging. He had daily classcs

before and after the public schools, to which the children came in goodly

numbers. They had learned to sing many o f the children’s gospel songs,

and seemed to understand what they were singing. They wrere able to

repeat the Lord ’s P rayer and a part, at least, of the Shepherd Psalm, and

their faces seemed to betoken an intelligent interest.

Mr. Black feels him self almost helpless, standing alone as he does. This

mission should be reenforced if it is to be maintained at all. A number o f

gentlemen, chiefly in N ew Y o rk City, who have been impressed by the call

sent for a medical missionary for Mindano, have organized as the M in d an a o

Mexican Mission

Medical Association, and have resolved to support a physician in connection

with Mr. B lack’s work. Efforts have been made to find one qualified for

the position, and more than once it has been supposed that the proper

person had been secured; but the plans have been frustrated, and though

the search is still continued there is as yet no one secured to respond to

the proposal of this medical association, which is ready to send out and

support a physician who can open a dispensary and hospital and work in

connection with the missionary of our Board. The coming of such a helper

would be a great boon to the mission, and place it at once on a secure

footing.

MEXICAN MISSION

G u a d a l a j a r a .— John Howland, A lfred C . W right, Ordained; Mrs. Sarah B. How­

land, Mrs. Annie C . W right, Miss Alice Gleason, Miss Octavia W . Mathews.

C h i h u a h u a .— James D. Eaton, d .d ., Ordained; Mrs. Gertrude C . Eaton.

H e r m o s i l l o .— Horace T . W agner, Ordained; Mrs. Della McC. Wagner.

P a r r a l .— Miss Ellen O. Prescott, Miss M ary Dunning.

E l F u e r t e .— Theodore F . Hahn, Ordained; Mrs. Anna S. Hahn.

C . G u e r r e r o .—

In this country.— Miss M. Lizzie Hammond, Miss M ary F. Long.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Alden B. Case, Ordained;

Miss Juanita Case.S ix station s; 59 outstations; 5 ordained m issionaries; 5 w iv e s; 6 single w om en;

total American missionaries, 16; 4 ordained native pastors; 3 unordained preachers;

16 teachers; 1 other native w o rk er; total native workers, 24. The 26 organized

churches have 1,391 communicants, 84 having been added by confession of faith during

the year; the adherents number 3,071; average attendance, 1,168; 2 churches, entirely

self-supporting; 45 places of regular meetings. In the 33 Sunday schools 1,384 pupils

are enrolled. The mission has 1 theological school, with 7 studying for the m in istry;

3 boarding and high schools, with 105 boys and 177 girls enrolled. The 7 other schools

have 154 male and 221 female pupils; total number under Christian instruction, 657.

The people gave for the support of their own work during the year, $12,596.

On account o f continued ill health Miss Hammond has found it necessary

to resign from the work of the mission. Miss Long also has been obliged

to come home on account of ill health. Mr. Case is still to be employed

in the Guerrero field, and his daughter, Miss Juanita Case, is engaged to

teach in the Colegio Internacional at Chihuahua.

GENERAL

The committee for the organization of a land company for the purpose

of holding the real estate of the mission in M exico has completed its work,

and the company has been organized under the title of La Ilustración. The

property at the various stations has been transferred to this new company.

A step forw ard has been taken by mission and M exican pastors in the

matter of administrative cooperation. W e know not what a year may bring

forth as to further development of this mutual sharing of responsibility,

Mexican Mission [Report

but prospects are bright. The mission seems to be upon the eve o f great

things in this connection.

A n advance in behalf o f public morality and Christian education was

made at the beginning o f the year, when a branch Y oung M en’s Christian

Association was established in Chihuahua. In a very real sense the new

secretary belongs to all the evangelical churches, and all wish to join hands

with him in his splendid work for the young men of all nationalities exposed

to the temptations o f the city. A great deal has been done in behalf o f the

cause o f temperance during the year, notably in Chihuahua, where an anti­

liquor league has been formed.

EVANGELISTIC WORK

Chihuahua.— The mother church has had some trials during the year,

but has made gains in membership and in the amount contributed toward

self-support. Señor N ava resigned the pastorate after a service o f nearly

four years, and Señor Miguel Magdaleno, form erly o f Guadalajara, took

his place in M arch. A well-built parsonage was ready to receive the

pastor and his fam ily. There is very little to report o f the work in the

outstations. El Paso, however, remembers especially the State Convention

of Christian Endeavor Societies. T he pastor, as one o f the charter mem­

bers o f the first Christian Endeavor Society formed in the republic, was

invited by the United Society to represent M exico at the Seattle convention.

O w ing to the sale o f the property where the meetings were form erly held in

C. Juarez, the church has rented a room more centrally located than before.

T h e English work o f the station is gaining in importance with the increas­

ing influx o f foreigners and the material development o f the city and state.

1907] Mexican Mission *57

The circulation o f Christian literature in the station has been somewhat

more extensive than at any previous year; for besides the sales and dona­

tions o f copies o f the Scriptures by an active colporter through the twelve

months, and the supplies of text-books to booksellers and public schools,

the receipts from the sales of religious publications alone have amounted

to $740 (M exican ). Besides this, Dr. Eaton has continued to serve as pub­

lication agent o f the M exican Christian Endeavor Union.

Mr. Case has continued to give his time and energy unstintingly to the

touring work of the Guerrero field, the material progress of which is rapidly

increasing through activity o f mining operations and of railroad enterprises.

The church at San Buenaventura, a town that promises with its railroad

privileges to become one of the most important towns in Northwest Chihua­

hua, is small but faithful and united. Regular Sunday services have been

reestablished at San Isidro, and a fund has been started for the construction

o f a church. Miss Case has maintained a Sunday school at San Antonio.

The church at Batopilas, though of much native strength, has suffered during

the past year because o f the lack o f a pastor.

Parral.— Evangelistic work in this station has received new impulse from

visits o f missionaries and other friends. There has been an English-speak­

ing Sunday school class, averaging above 100. The church has taken a very

important step in assuming self-support since the first of January. Eight

members have been received, and the contributions have amounted to over

$1,000. Better results have been obtained from the women’s meetings by

holding them in one another’s homes. N ew impulse has been given to the

evangelistic work at the outstation of Santa Barbara because of the doubling

o f the population, due to the renewal o f interest in mining.

E l Fuerte.— One is already impressed by the greater liveliness in this

isolated and backward region and the friendly liberality of the population

at some of the points along the new railroad line. Under the present cir­

cumstances, with a missionary alone in that whole district, with no native

helper anywhere, there is small outlook for an ingathering for some time

to come, though in the city, where the members of the congregation ha,ve

been under the personal influence of the missionary, some progress has been

made in the life o f the church. Mr. Hahn has had to confine himself to a

smaller number o f places, though these were worked more thoroughly and

visited with greater frequency. More or less regular meetings were held

in six o f the outstations. The numerical increase has been eight. The most

hopeful outstation at present is Lo de Vega, where meetings are held regu­

larly every Sunday in a rented room. There is some thought o f building

a rude chapel. The E l Fuerte field is left vacant this present year, owing

to the necessity o f temporarily transferring Mr. Hahn to the Internacional

Colegio at Guadalajara.

Herm osillo .— O ur Board, through Mr. W agner and family, is the only

one at w ork in this remote yet important field. The Yaqui Indian troubles

continue, and depredations are general in some regions. The railroads and

mining camps bring a class o f people to the state (Sonora) that adds mul­

Mexican Mission [Report

tiplied forces to the vices and irreligiousness o f the people; but the exten­

sion of the railroad east, north, and south already gives good opportunities

o f reaching many towns form erly only reached by horse or stage. In the

city of Hermosillo the Christian Endeavor Society, Sunday school, women's

meetings, and the church services have had for several months an unusually

large attendance. Eleven new members were received, and the contribu­

tions toward self-support amounted to $700. Cananea, the most strategic

outstation (being three times as large as any other town in the state and

with better prospects o f growth, with a population of 30,000, including

5,000 Am ericans and 4,000 Chinese), has more promise than progress to

report. The railroads are being extended to every section o f the state. This

naturally means many new towns; also it means that the evangelical Chris­

tians will scatter in different directions. Something must be done to follow

up these people. W ith good pastors a large harvest could be expected.

There is need, also, o f conducting English services in Cananea and N acozari

among the thousands o f English-speaking people.

Guadalajara.— Messrs. W right and Howland have had charge of the

M exican church and Sunday school, respectively, during the year in the

absence of a regular M exican pastor. The most encouraging feature of

the work has been the establishment o f a branch Sunday school in Mesquitan,

a suburb o f the city where several families and church members live. The

total number received into the church during the year is seventeen (twelve

of whom were students) on confession o f faith. The Dorcas Society, always

loyal to the interests o f the church, has met regularly during the year, and

has shown much interest in planning for special celebrations and in helping

in social functions. Attendance at the Sunday school (averaging tw enty) has

been lower than for several y e a rs; on the other hand, the classes have done

better work than before. There has been greater regularity and better

system. The Union Pastors’ M eeting has been better sustained both in

attendance and interest. It is earnestly hoped that a M exican pastor for the

church may soon be found. Another attempt has been made to secure a

pastor for the English work of the church, but with no success thus far.

It is difficult to know what to say about the mission paper, the E l Testigo.

A more decided attempt has been made to secure M exican collaboration,

but with no large success, due to the excess o f work already in hand. The

day seems to be passing when no good evangelical paper can be sustained

except under the direction and with the financial support and moral pressure

of the missions. More than one influential paper, independent o f missions

and even hostile to them, has made a place for itself already. W hether this

points to a suspension o f this mission paper or to its being passed over to

native management and support is now a vital question.

E D U C A T IO N A L W O R K

The constant goal before the mission is to establish a work which will

propagate itself, being eventually put entirely into the hands o f the churches

of the country in which the work is carried on. H aving this object in view,

a 907] Mexican Mission *59

it is natural that with the longer continuance o f the mission the relative

importance o f the educational work should increase; that a larger propor­

tion of the evangelistic and pastoral work should be done by those o f the

■country ; and that schools for the preparation of these workers should claim

the first attention of the mission. The M exican Mission is working towards

this end, and is gradually unifying the educational work.

The schools have made good progress during the year on the whole,

although some of them have done little more than to hold about the same

grade and amount of work as in other years.

Colegio Internacional ( Guadalajara).— Steady progress has been made

all along the line in the work of this school at Guadalajara, the capital of

the important state of Jalisco. The year ending the last of October saw

one graduate from the theological department, two from the literary, and

two from the commercial. The opening of the present school year found

the new dormitory completely filled. About the middle of M ay Mr. Hahn

came to the relief of the school in its trying situation, due to the loss of

several prominent instructors. The missionaries have been able to continue

the building of the school through the beneficence of a friend, adding a

much needed dormitory of equal size with the first two, and finishing up

the corridors, walls, etc. There is now beginning to be felt a need for more

recitation rooms and a large audience room for the usual large number o f

special occasions. A lso there is need of a gymnasium for the students.

The total enrollment thus far has been 44, 28 boarders and 16 day scholars.

A t present there are 24 boarding school pupils and 7 day scholars. There is

a larger proportion of non-evangelical students than ever before. This

makes stricter discipline and more constant supervision necessary.

The commercial department is the most attractive feature of the school

at present, and to it the school owes the entrance o f the greater part of

those who pay the full price of board and tuition. Young men of evangelical

principles and training are entering the various business houses of the

country, and are found to be so competent and trustworthy that there is a

constant demand for most of them. This department, if it is to hold its

place and continue the work, must be enlarged, advertised, and much better

equipped.

Instituto Corona ( Guadalajara).— During the ten months of the school

year there were enrolled in the higher department 17; intermediate, 23;

primary, 58; making a total o f 98. O f these, 49 were from nine evangelical

families. Seventy-three were enrolled in the Sunday school. Seven girls

have been received into the church since March of last year. It is found

that the boarding pupils receive much more help in every way than those

who come as day pupils. The influence o f the family life at the school is

very evident. A great need has been met by the organization of a literary

society among the students.

Inasmuch as the house into which the school was moved two years ago

has proved unsatisfactory, it is necessary to look for more suitable accom­

modations. The time is coming when “ the trembling old desks and benches

i 6 o Mexican Mission [Report

should be replaced by something which is not bristling with nails and

splinters, and when a permanent house should be bought or built for the

Institute, if it is to try to continue to hold any place in the city among

well-equipped schools.”

O ver three hundred persons were present at the graduating exercises

in November. The two graduates are now giving good satisfaction as

teachers in mission schools and as workers in the churches to which they

have gone. A permanent change in the time of opening the school year

made necessary another graduation in April, two more graduating. O f the

thirteen graduates eight are teaching in the mission schools and two in

public schools.

Space will not permit an extended reference to the school work in

Tlajom ulco and San Miguel. In the latter the number of students was

larger than in previous years. The evening classes for boys (attendance 23)

and men (37) were continued, and the school was effective as well as popu­

lar in the village, contributing much to the growth of the church.

Colegio Chihuahuense ( Chihuahua) .— Notwithstanding its customary

vicissitudes, this school has shown during the past year its characteristic

vitality and amply justified the extension of its quarters. Though the kin­

dergarten has been greatly cramped in its two undersized rooms, it has

maintained a roll of between 30 and 40 children, in spite of a year of extraor­

dinary illness. The primary department has gathered in some 40 children,

among whom has predominated an “ east side” element of irrepressible,

pugilistic little fellows, more than half of whom were from non-evangelical

families. N aturally a considerable part o f the time has gone into reducing,

by necessary discipline, the refractory members of the school. But the work

done has been a great gain, and it is earnestly hoped that the same children

w ill return and that the teachers will be permitted to enter into the fruits

o f the past year’s labors.

The intermediate department has for the first time in years enjoyed a

room with suitable dimensions. Out o f the advanced grades five girls have

concluded the preparatory course and received certificates, while one stu­

dent in the normal course hopes to receive her diploma in December.

Through interest awakened by Miss Hammond, an important addition was

made during the past year to the physical laboratory.

The coming into the school building in January of Dr. and Mrs. Tames

D. Eaton marked an epoch in the Colegio’s history. The institution by

M rs. Eaton of a free Saturday evening playtime and of five o’clock prayers

on Sunday afternoons has become one o f the most cherished features of

the school life. The experiment o f the extended domestic work by which

the girls were successfully detailed to prepare breakfast and supper has

proved satisfactory.

The increased number o f boys and their successful incorporation into

the third and fourth grades is to be especially noted. This is one o f the

two institutions in the state that enjoys the distinction of providing the

only means of educating boys in the advanced grades under evangelical

19073 Spanish Mission 16 1

Christian auspices. The school would like to be able to open a boys’ depart­

ment to prepare for the Colegio Internacional. For some months a small

evening class o f young men was conducted by teachers of the school, and

found most useful as auxiliary Christian Endeavor and Sunday school work.

Because of the absence of one of the missionary teachers, the school has

been more largely dependent upon outside aid in teaching. The total enroll­

ment has been 170, including 30 boys; the average number of boarders, 15.

Parral School.— The number enrolled from August to May was 196,

almost one-third o f whom were in the kindergarten. No new pupils who

have been unable to pay have been admitted. A class of four finished

the sixth year and are hoping to be received in the Colegio Chihuahuense

next year. A s many of the pupils have come from families not members

of the congregation, there is a rare opportunity presented of helping break

down fanatical prejudice and of exercising positive Christian influence upon

the people in a w ay that might not otherwise be possible. The kindergarten

department has had a very popular year. It is outgrowing its quarters.

There will be a class of about twelve to graduate into the primary

department.

The missionaries long for room to take in all the children whose parents

appreciate the government and teaching of a Christian school.

SPANISH MISSION

M a d r i d .— W illiam H. Gulick, Ordained; Miss Anna F. Webb, Miss Alice H.

Bushee, Miss May Morrison, Miss Helen Winger.

In this country.— Miss M ary L. Page.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Isabel Cooper.

One station; 16 outstations; i ordained missionary; 4 single women; total Amer­

ican missionaries, 5 ; 3 ordained native pastors and 4 unordained; 22 teachers ; 2 other

native helpers; total native laborers, 31. There are 8 organized churches, with 30S

communicants, of whom 36 were added by confession of faith during the year. There

are 16 places of regular meeting: average attendance, 522; adherents, 1,535. The 23

Sunday schools have a membership of 947. The boarding school for girls has 53 board­

ing students and 8 day students, and 12 children in the kindergarten. There are also

14 common schools, with 591 boys and 283 girls enrolled; total number under Christian

instruction in the mission, 947. Native contributions for the support of the work, 5704;

for education, including income of the boarding school, $6,968. Pages printed on hired

presses, about 195,000 quarto.

The force in the mission remains the same as last year. Miss Page is

still detained in this country on account of her health. Miss Isabel Cooper

has conducted the kindergarten, as last year.

The mission was favored in the months of April and May by a visit

from Miss Lamson and Miss Day, officers of the W oman’s Board at Boston.

It is generally impossible to say of Spain that there is any specially

notable change in the political-religious aspects of the country from year

to year. But there is a steadily increasing tendency to liberty of mind and

1 62 Spanish Mission [Report

speech in regard to religious thought and action. There are two causes

for this. The first is the general trend of modern times in that direction,

from which even Spain has not been able to escape, and the second is the

presence and activities o f the different Protestant communities that are

found in almost every one of the forty-nine provinces of Spain.

OUTSTATIONS

A t Santander the evangelistic teacher who has had charge of the work

since the death o f the pastor last year has stood the test well. Beside the

superintendence o f the entire school o f some 300 pupils and the pastoral

care o f the church, with preaching two or three times a week, he has given

seven hours a day, five days in the week, to work in the classrooms. A special

feature of the w ork here is the Sunday school, with some 300 pupils.

The pastor at Bilboa shows that he is made of heroic stuff. Although

a confirmed invalid, obliged always to sit while he is speaking, he has hardly

lost a service in the week. In the school there is a group of particularly

bright boys from twelve to sixteen years o f age, who walk some four miles

each day to attend. The entire school o f 120 pupils pays in fees about forty

dollars a month, which is a proof o f the great success o f the school, as this

city is full o f municipal and clerical schools that give instruction free of

charge. Seven persons have united with the church here this year.

In the city o f San Sebastian there is so much religious fanaticism among

the inhabitants that the congregations and schools are under the closest

observation. This has its effect in continual changes both in church and

school. Members of the congregation often go to other parts o f Spain

•1907] Spanish Mission

or to Spanish Am erica in search of work o f which they are deprived by

those who are ceaselessly trying to break up the mission. In spite o f this,

however, the number of pupils in the school is between forty and fifty.

Logroño is the capital o f the province of the same name and has some

20,000 inhabitants. The first meetings held here were crowded to overflow­

ing, and it seemed as if the whole city was ready to become Protestant.

But before many months the clergy arose en masse and organized a system

o f interruptions of the neighborhood meetings, in the genuine fear that

their own position would be greatly shaken by so popular a movement. This

had the effect o f calling back from the gospel the m ajority of those who

had for the moment thought themselves Protestant. But the work has

moved steadily forward, and now there is a church and a school of some

ninety pupils; also an active and progressive Christian Endeavor Society.

The pastor who has labored here for eleven years was ordained in September.

The community at Pradejón has had long periods of special trial in

the absence o f any preacher or teacher. They have, however, held meetings

and maintained their Christian life, and just now have a good pastor. The

w ife of this pastor, before her marriage, was the only official representative

of the gospel in the place, and conducted the church meetings and Sunday

school with all the skill o f an evangelist.

The school o f some seventy pupils has long been the leading one in the

village, and this school and the Protestant community are held in increas­

ing esteem from year to year. The school fees are all paid in measures

o f wheat, handed in by the parents once a year after the yearly harvest.

The products of the sales this year are larger than ever before, and repre­

sent considerable self-denial on the part of the parents to educate their

children.

The daughter of the evangelist at Tauste spent some years in the school

at San Sebastian and B iarritz and then was able to relieve her father of

most of the care of the school. A fter three years of teaching she married

a young man in the vicinity, and together they worked for the interests of

the gospel. But after a brief service, when everything was promising a

future o f great interest and importance to the community, this young

preacher has been suddenly called home by the Master.

The Protestants at Zaragoza have maintained their church and com­

munity center at the same place in the street of Saint Paul so long that

they are almost as well known as any one of the great churches and cathe­

drals that surround them. The pastor of Zaragoza is in every sense of the

term the bishop o f the district called El Alto Aragon, lying along the south­

ern slopes of the Pyrenees. For years he has traversed the mountains and

valleys of this wide territory until he has become more or less acquainted

with every important household in it. In eight or nine different villages

he carries on organized work.

In Zaragoza itself the work has pursued the even tenor of its way.

The pastor’s time is more than fully occupied, with several sermons a week,

Bible classes, neighborhood meetings, frequent tours through the districts,

1 6 4 Austrian Mission [Report

and writing articles for the political press that permits discussion of religious

themes— a full and a productive life.

CH RISTIAN ENDEAVOR

The latest statistics show 47 societies and 1,483 members connected with

this society throughout the country. But they may well be reported by the

mission, as they are a direct outgrowth of the initiative and long-continued

labors o f the members o f this mission and its Spanish pastors. The paper

published by the society, Esfuerzo Cristiano, is an illustrated monthlv

magazine of some twenty-four pages. It is unquestionably the most attract­

ive evangelical periodical published in Spain, and its reading matter appeals

to an important constituency of its own. The success o f this movement has

very largely depended upon this paper, which is the property of the mission:

its editor is largely supported by the mission. The Spanish Christian

Endeavor Union sent the editor as its official delegate to the convention

held in London.

TH E IN TERN ATION AL INSTITUTE

The above title has heretofore been applied to the entire educational

work centered in the institution which has been so long known by this

name. D uring the past year, however, for the sake of more effective work,

and for the purpose o f widening the field which it is hoped to reach by the

united efforts o f all concerned, a well-defined separation was made between

that which is the distinctive work of the W om an’s Board and that of the

corporation.

Thirty-seven girls have been examined in different studies to enter the

government schools, and the marks secured were as many in number and

of as high grade as have ever been won by the pupils. There are 64 board­

ing pupils in the union school. Good work has been done notwithstanding

the new order o f things in the relation of classes, and there seems to be a

determined purpose on the part o f the pupils to make the most of the oppor­

tunities that are within their reach. Twenty-eight are church members,

seven uniting the past year.

The exterior o f the new building is entirely finished. W ith the funds

available it has been possible only to complete the classrooms on the first

floor, together with the library. Miss Bushee has given much attention to

the cataloguing o f the library, which comprises some three thousand volumes.

AUSTRIAN MISSION

P r a g u e .— Albert W . Clark, d .d ., John S. Porter, Ordained; Mrs. Ruth E. Clark,

Mrs. Lizzie L. Porter.One station ; 2 ordained missionaries and their w iv e s ; 74 places for regular preach­

in g; 24 organized churches, including one entirely self-supporting: 1,871 full members,

187 added by confession of faith since the last report; adherents, 6,325; average

attendance, 2,797; 18 Sunday schools, with a membership of 567; Bible classes for

Austrian Mission

adults on Tuesdays; 15 ordained preachers; 12 evangelists; 15 colporters; 2 Bible-

w om en; total native helpers, 44; 16 Y . M. C. A ’s ; 1 Y . W . C. A . ; 1 Rescue and

Reform Home. Contributions of the people, 37,000 crowns, equal to $6,326. Lit­

erature circulated; Scriptures (Bibles, Testaments, and portions), 23,000; books, book­

lets, 9,000; tracts, papers, etc., 155,000; 6 religious papers regularly published: 5 pub­

lished monthly, 1 published three times per month.

There have been no changes in the personnel of this mission during the

past year. The work is progressing and encouraging.

SOME OF TH E SPECIAL FEATURES OF TH E YEAR

1. Ground bought and broken for a new hall in Prague for the mother

church.

2. Large g ift from a Scotch friend toward the building fund of Prague

church (nearly $20,000).

3. Large audiences in the four Prague churches continually.

4. Opening of doors all along the line in Bohemia, Moravia, and Russia.

5. A growing call for public lectures on religious and mission themes.

6. Continued exodus of promising young men and other members of

the church to the United States and Canada.

7. The growing necessity of pushing colporters and other lay helpers

into evangelistic work.

8. The visit of Drs. Creegan and Hitchcock, the first officials of the

Board to visit the work in twenty years.

9. Dedication of the new hall in Budweis, August, 1906.

COLPORTAGE

The fifteen colporters do a vast amount of pioneer work aside from sell­

ing Scriptures. Several of them hold gospel meetings more or less regu­

larly. Did the mission not have the help of these men, supported by the

Bible societies, it would be unable to carry forward the work as well as it

has done. It is the intention in the future to appoint only such men as

colporters who can, if needed, also do good service in holding gospel services.

TH E CHURCHES

The twenty-four churches in Bohemia.. Germany, Austria, and Russia

have little extraordinary to report, but generally speaking progress has

been made; the work is expanding beyond the capacity of the house accom­

modations. Space will not permit a detailed account of the work in each

of these churches, nor any reference to the splendid work done by the fine

corps of pastors and other faithful workers. This force of pastors has

suffered loss in the death of Mr. Hodek, a colporter evangelist who began

work in the church at Klattau fourteen years ago. The whole city practi­

cally came out to the funeral to honor this faithful servant of God, who

had suffered much persecution for Christ.

One o f the interesting features o f the work in Pisek has been the con­

version o f a Jewess o f a well-known family. The growing church of

Austrian Mission [Report

Pilsen has indirectly led both the Lutheran and Reformed Churches to

begin the regular preaching of the gospel in the Bohemian language. P il­

sen is an important railroad center, and the church administers to a large

number outside the city limits. Prague, the mother church, still sets a good

example for all the rest in the number of children it gathers in. A new-

house, toward which church members have given or loaned $10,000, is being

built, and should be ready November 1. W einberge has had the largest

congregation of any o f our churches, due in part to its larger, better venti­

lated hall. People o f all classes attend services. Some of the members

have shown commendable zeal in an organized attempt to invite every fam­

ily in this suburb of 60,000 to the services. This effort has certainly

swelled the audiences and brought the church to the attention of many

who would otherwise not know that it was there. The church in Zizkov.

a suburb of Prague, rallies around the pastor in the great work of carrying

the gospel to the 70,000 inhabitants of the city. It has received 18 new

members. W e cannot speak in too high terms of the Sunday school, with

the normal department, the first o f its kind— so far as we know — in A us­

tria; o f the church work well systematized; of the blessed work for poor

and neglected children; and of the far-reaching activity for women. “ W e

do not know,” says Mr. Porter in his report, “ where one would find another

so efficient and spiritual body of believers, ‘ cribbed, cabined, and confined’

in so unsuitable quarters.”

TH E CHURCH IN MORAVIA

Mr. P orter has been obliged to take over the care of the M oravian

work, going nearly once a month for a tour in this province. H ere is an

A ustrian province o f 3,000,000 inhabitants, with wide-open doors, and yet

without a single ordained or unordained preacher who can give his whole

time to the work. Except for some work under the auspices of the German

Baptists no mission of any kind attempts work in M oravia. M oravia, like

Russia, sends up a Macedonian cry.

WORK IN RUSSIA

The church in Zyrardov has had a good year. Ten have been added

on confession o f faith. The pastor has been preaching every Sunday, twice

in German and twice in Bohemian, to good audiences, in a room all too

small. L arger quarters are needed here as well as in the other Russian

church at Lodz.

In Lodz, Russia, where the factories have been hotbeds for insurgents,

the word “ revolution” and not “ religion” has been the prevailing theme

o f conversation. A narchy has run riot, and the Christian work has con­

sequently been fraught with difficulties. Nevertheless the missionaries can

w rite with conviction that “ the kingdom of God is coming in Russian

Poland.” There are now in Lodz four colporters, while last year there was

only one. These have far greater freedom than in Austria. A Bible depot

has been established for the convenience o f the colporters. A n almanac for

1908 is being prepared, which will be “ full of the gospel.”

TH E M ISSION'S OPPORTUNITY IN RUSSIA

Austrian Mission 167

T o emphasize the fact that through this mission the Board has at present

its best opportunity of helping Russia, we can do no better than to quote

from a personal letter of the senior missionary, Dr. C lark: “ Do the friends

of the Board know that we have already two churches in Russia, and that

these churches are treated in a friendly way by the government? Do you

know that we have two preachers there whose support must be begged by

the senior missionary at Prague? Do you know that we have four men sell­

ing Scriptures in Russia, and that these men are selling many more copies

than the same number o f men in Bohemia? Do you know that our two

churches are raising up more choice men for colporters? Do you know

that I have now permission from the National Bible Society of Scotland

to appoint at once three more colporters in Russia? Do you know that one

of these men, a fruit o f our mission there, speaks Bohemian, Polish, Ger­

man, and Russian, and that he now gives up a good place in a factory to

give himself to God’s work in Russia? Do you know we have already a

Bible store in Russia? Do you know that our first preacher in Russia is

publishing an important monthly paper that is well-nigh self-supporting?

Do you know that there are more than 200,000 Bohemians in Russia? Do

you know that a Bohemian can learn Russian in six months? Bohemians,

because of language and sympathy, are just the men to labor in Russia.

Dr. Patton is right in referring to Russia as presenting the greatest mis­

sionary opportunity in the history of Christianity. Do ask the churches

to pray for Russia.”

T A B U L A R V IE W O F T H E M IS S IO N S O F T H E A. B. C. F, M. FO R T H E Y E A R 1906-1907.

M i s s i o n a r i e s . N a t i v e L a b o r e r s . C h u r c h S t a t i s t i c s . E d u c a t i o n a l S t a t i s t i c s .

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W. Cent. Africa South Africa :

1880 4 IS it 1 8 10 28 30 29 29 92 17 4 309 29 3,155 4 1,222 22 2,081 2,081 *51Zulu Branch 1835 12 21 10 1 (i 10 27 8 16 89 372 485 231 25 I >60 326 16,980 39 2,087 1 7 4 302 59 3,855 3,964 845Rhodesian Br. 1893 » 5 2 3 2 •r’ 12 5 8 13 19 2 131 46 1,300 4 170 3 160 2 98 273

Europ’n Turkey . 1859 4 57 10 . 7 () 26 18 12 51 18 100 61 17 1,453 62 4,003 53 2,535 1 5 1 71 3 166 25 578 820 6,123Western Turkey 1819 s 97 21 * 30 28 86 40 a5 305 44 424 122 44 4,816 247 16,876 118 11,830 1 8 3 353 17 1,857 132 5,995 8,347 76,023Central Turkey0 1847 4 61 6 1 15 7 29 21 37 215 27 279 56 34 6,224 236 18,189 68 10,789 1 12 3 331 16 922 116 5,138 6,403 23,265Eastern Turkey" 183G 5 77 12 16 16 48 18 34 152 24 228 65 45 3,170 183 10,30(1 59 6,534 2 8 1 242 14 557 75 5,367 6,174 9,870Marathi 1813 132 14 4 16 17 51 30 is 327 110 496 59 55 6,618 545 13,062 175 8,089 1 20 8 923 150 3,735 7,167 2,452Madura 1834 10 381 15 7 14 36 22 160 345 116 643 381 36 6,227 540 19,812 292 8,237 2 54 1 482 9 1,260 208 6,940 8,736 11,142( ' e y l o n 1816 6 33 3 r 3 11 12 17 361 40 430 44 18 1,922 108 63 3,413 1 84 2 317 128 10,208 10,609 8,143Foochow1' . 1847 5 105 8 1 19 10 41 11 80 117 110 318 157 83 3,001 261 7,058 73 2,018 2 11 2 67 8 444 120

331,667 2,205 12,715South China 1883 2 42 2 2 4 3 38 38 7 86 43 3 4,000 537 4 300 1 44 581 627 3,582North China . 1854 7 90 14 4 12 18 48 8 58 58 53 178 97 8 3,795 307 6 '500 23 1,368 14 ’ 1 35 14 426 31 374 1,213 3,056Shansi- 1882 2 7 3 1 2 3 ¡1 5 6 S 19 12 2 75 25 250 2 59 3 58 117 166

Japan 1 1869 12 102 23 1 24 21 69 91 24 115 122 87 12,604 1,358 38 7,832 1 24 2 968 3 447 95 421 1,860 39,912Philippines 1903 1 2 1 1 2Micronesia . 1852 4 61 8 6 6 20 11 73 37 0 130 149 6,177 1,014 3,995 56 i ,564 5 110 97 979 2,942 2,332Mexico 1872 6 5.0 rj 5 5 15 4 3 16 1 24 45 26 1,391 84 3,071 33 1,384 1 7 3 282 7 375 667 12,596Spain 1872 1 16 1 4 5 3 4 22 2 31 16 8 308 36 1,535 28 947 ! 1 61 24 874 947 7,672Austria 1872 1 73 2 2 4 15 12 17 44 74 24 1,871 187 6,325 18 567 6,326

Totals 105 1,429 169 3 31 1844 187» 571 321 637 2,176 1,011 4,135 1,770 580 68,952 6,131 132,417 1,148 70,886 13 172 15 2,633 113 8,337 1,327 49,324 65,152 $226,271

1 The statistics of the Kumi-ai churches and of the Japan Mission are combined. ' Of whom 10 are physicians.

2 Statistics of Fen-cho-fu not included. 8 Of whom 6 are physicians.

s Of whom 12 are also physicians. 8 in part figures of previous year.

Treasurer's Report 1 6 9

TREASURER’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1907

DISBURSEMENTS

W h e n the accounts were closed August 31, 1906, the debt o f the Board

was $85,417.39, but before the Annual Meeting at North Adams last October

receipts for the purpose were sufficient to remove all this indebtedness.

W ithout including this $85,417.39, the disbursements for the year ending

August 31, 1907, were $877,631.95. This amount as compared with the

previous year shows an increase in current expenditures of $23,951. Com­

pared with the average expenditures of the previous three years the increase

is $41,656, and compared with the expenditures five years ago the increase is $136,328.

The analysis of these larger disbursements as compared with five years

ago shows an increase of $43,666 paid by our own Board, aside from the

W oman’s Boards, for missionary salaries on the field. The increase in appro­

priations by our own Board for native agencies was $5,754. The increase

in the appropriations of the Woman’s Boards for both salaries and general

work was about $30,000. The increase in gifts restricted to specific work

outside of regular appropriations was $8,342. The remainder o f the increase

was due partly to the greater cost of maintaining missionaries’ families while

on furlough in this country, including their transportation to and from the

field, partly to larger amounts necessary to provide and maintain suitable

buildings for the conduct of our work on the field, and partly to the cost of

the Young People’s Department, a new branch of our work within five years.

There has also been an inevitable increase in other administrative expenses,

necessary in this day of multitudinous appeals adequately to present our

work to our constituency at home.

It is clearly seen from the above comparisons that the cost of our work

is steadily increasing from year to year, due, as already stated, to the greater

cost o f living at home and abroad, and in no small measure to the success­

ful development of the work, resulting as it must in an imperative need for

a larger number of workers, with more adequate buildings and equipment.

LEGACY OF MR. SOLOMON H . CHANDLER

The Board has received $361,649.65 during the year from the estate of

Mr. Solomon H. Chandler, late of New Gloucester, Me., in cash and secu­

rities taken at the executors’ appraisal. Mr. Chandler’s will limits the

amount to be taken from the income of the legacy and from such portion

of the principal as may be necessary to $30,000 each year for four years,

to be expended for the general purposes and objects of the Board, not in­

cluding the reduction at any time of its indebtedness. A fter the expiration

of the four years $25,000 are to be taken each year until both the principal

i 7 o Treasurer's Report [Report

and thè income of the legacy are exhausted. Under this provision the Board

has taken $17,500 from the income and the legacy during the past year.

This sum is that part o f $30,000 which represents the fraction o f a year

which has elapsed since Mr. Chandler’s will was probated.

LEGACY OF MR. GEORGE H . WESTON

P art o f another large legacy has been received, that of Mr. George H.

W eston, Boston, Mass. The amount already received from this source^

including income on securities, is $115,692.50. No restrictions apply to the

use o f this legacy, and under the plan adopted of averaging legacy receipts

$57,200.42 has been carried to our current legacy receipts for the year, and

the balance, $58,492.08, has been carried to our reserve legacy fund.

CONDITIONAL GIFTS

Tw enty-four new Conditional Gifts have been received during the year,

eleven of which came from previous donors. These gifts amounted to

$48,350. The gifts maturing by the decease o f donors amounted to $32,500,

and after deducting this sum the amount of Conditional Gifts now in hand

is $582,903.41, or a gain o f $15,850 over last year.

A new permanent fund of $150, the Susan B. Church Memorial Fund, has

been added during the year, the income to be used annually for the support

o f native agency work.

TH E TW EN TIETH CENTURY FUND AT WORK

On M ay 28, 1900, Pres. Samuel B. Capen and Mr. D. W illis James, at

that time Vice-President of the Am erican Board, formulated and presented

the plan, afterwards unanimously indorsed by the Prudential Committee,

known as the Twentieth Century Fund, to equalize the sum available each

year from legacies. The old method, except in the case of extraordinary

legacies, had been to spend the money as received. The new method pro­

posed was to put the legacies into a fund, one-third only to be spent each

year. It was estimated at that time that $125,000 would be the average

annual legacy receipts. T o make the transition possible it was proposed to

create a fund equal in amount to the average receipts for two years, namely,

$250,000, to be called the Twentieth Century Fund. This fund is still incom­

plete, only $143,156.90 having been paid, with $5,000 additional pledged. The

interest of this fund’s investment has been added each year to the fund.

A year ago, however, with the consent of the donors, $5,666.66 of accrued

interest was applied to the canceling of the Board’s debt.

On July 3, 1906, the Prudential Committee, with the approval of the

donors to this fund, voted that the fund should become operative during the

fiscal year o f the Board beginning September 1, 1906. Although the amount

o f the fund was much less than originally contemplated, it was believed to

be sufficient to meet such drafts as diminished legacy receipts falling below

$120,000 may require it to pay. Interest earned on investments and special

g ifts to the fund from time to time w ill add to its reserve. In operation,

1907] Treasurer’s Report 171

therefore, the Twentieth Century Fund will become useful and effective in

accomplishing to a large extent the purpose for which the completed fund

was designed.

The decline of receipts from legacies during the three years previous

to 1906 led the Committee to fix upon $120,000 instead of $125,000 as the

prospective yearly average of legacies, thereby reducing the amount required

as the basis for the Twentieth Century Fund from $250,000 to $240,000.

W ith this modification the plan was placed in operation. To the sum total

o f $240,000 was added the actual legacy receipts of the current year,

$207,738.12, making $447,738.12. This total divided by three gives the

amount of legacy receipts available for expenditure this year, namely,

$149,246.04. This sum subtracted from $447,738.12 leaves $298,492.08 as

the basis for next year. T o this balance the total legacy receipts of 1907-08

will be added, and when divided by three will give the sum which will be

available for expenditure next year. The large amount of legacy receipts

this year under the present plan adds $58,492.08 to our reserves for averag­

ing legacy receipts. This, with the $143,156.90 already in the Twentieth

Century Fund, makes the total amount of *such reserves $201,648.98 now in

hand.CURRENT RECEIPTS

The regular current receipts for the year have been as follows: —

Churches and i n d i v i d u a l s ...................................... $343>3° 3-75W oman’s B o a rd s ................................................................... 239>333-93Sunday schools and Christian Endeavor Societies . 13,109.62

Receipts for special o b je c ts ...........................................................51,062.19

Legacies, including $57,200.42 from estate of George H.W e s to n ......................................................................................149,246.04

From estate of Solomon H. Chandler for specified use, 17,500.00

I n t e r e s t ........................................................................................21,411.17

The total amount of these current receipts is $834,966.70. Added to this

is $6,029.73, the excess over the amount entered the previous year as due

from cooperating societies, and this sum, $840,996.43, deducted from the

current expenditures already reported of $877,631.95, leaves a debt to be

carried to the account o f the new year of $36,635.52. I f we go back again

five years to 1902 for a comparison of expenditures and receipts when con­

ditions were similar, a previous debt having just been canceled, we find an

increase in current receipts of $64,537.43 from churches and individuals, and

of $24,623.32 from the Woman’s Boards.

W hile it is hoped that the period of greatly decreased legacy receipts,

which began twelve or fifteen years ago, has passed, the average legacy

receipts of the last three years hardly warrant us to expect the same amount

from this source next year that we have received this year. This is true

also of this year’s lapsed Conditional Gifts. For the maintenance of our

work it is evident then that we must expect an increased expenditure next

year, and for the receipts needed to meet this increase we can reasonably look

to no other source than to our living donors.

172 Treasurer’ s Report [Report

W ith profound thanksgiving for the generosity o f all who have contrib­

uted to the result, it should be stated that i f we add to the amount o f the cur­

rent receipts, $834,966.70, the $85,417.39 received in September and October

last year and used to cancel the debt o f the previous year, and if we add also

what was received from the estate o f the late George H. W eston which was

carried to our reserve legacy fund, $58,492.08, we have the gratifyin g result

o f $978,876.17 as the total receipts o f the Board for the twelve months

ending August 31, 1907.

I9°7] Pecuniary Accounts 173

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS

E X P E N D I T U R E S O F T H E B O A R D D U R I N G T H E Y E A R E N D IN G A U G U S T 3 1 , 1 9 0 7

COST OF TH E MISSIONS

Mission to West Central AfricaRemittances, drafts, and purchases...................................................... ... £15,591.2:-;Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 4,594.32Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to A fr ic a ........................................... 6,594.11Grants for missionaries’ children in this country .................................................................... 1,080.00Procuring and forwarding su pp lies .......................................................................................... 406.10 £28,265.76

Mission to East Central AfricaRemittances, drafts, and purchases.......................................................................................... $7,991,91Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 1,558.67Traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa........................................................................... 568.19Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 225.00Procuring and forwarding supplies.......................................................................................... 305.70 £10,649.47

Zulu MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases........................................................................... ... $34,745.47Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 4,084.28Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to A fr ica ........................................... 1,131.58Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 900.00Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 610.60 ¡Ml ,471.93

European Turkey MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$32,489.26Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 1,095.09Outfit, refit, and traveling expenses of missionary to T u rk e y ............................................... 640.02Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 521.09Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 305.70 135,051.16

Western Turkey MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$87,582.70Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 8,188.87Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey ....................................... 3,018.13Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 1,575.57Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 1,509.60 $101,87-1.87

Central Turkey MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..........................................................................................*35,796.56Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country ............................................... 3,043.19Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to T u rk ey...................................................... 1,811.35Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 375.00Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 305.70 £41,331.80

Eastern Turkey MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$39,992.61Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country............................. . . . . 2,634.48Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey ........................................ 1,263.18Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 312.50Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 1,220.57 $45,423.34

Marathi MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$79,995.46Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 3,901.93Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to In d ia ........................................... 2,395.64Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 3,324.77Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 1,016.70 $90,634.50

Madura MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$53,453.95Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country................................................... 5,356.68Refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to I n d ia ......................................................... 561.02Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 1,372.82Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 813.20 $61,557.67

*

C e y lo n M is s io n

Remittances, drafts, and purchases...............................................................................................$13,838.04Expenses of missionaries and their families in this cou ntry ................................................... 1,454.52Traveling expenses of missionary to C ey lon ............................................................................ 238.51Grant for missionary child in this cou ntry ................................................................................ 125 00Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s .......................................................................................... 305.70 $15,961.77

S o u th C h in a M is s io n

Remittances, drafts, and purchases........................................................................................... £0,191.20Traveling expenses of missionary to China .............................................................. . . . 298.80Expenses of Deputation for this mission ............................................................................... 379.57 $6,869.57

F o o c h o w M is s io n

Remittances, drafts, and purchases...............................................................................................$43,146.64Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country................................................... 2,770.91Outfits, refits, and tfaveling expenses of missionaries to C h in a ........................................... 4,340.53Grants for missionaries’ children in this country............................................ . . . . 1,510.45Procuring and forwarding su p p lies ........................................................................................... 915.40Expenses of Deputation for this mission ................................ 700.00 $53,383.93

N o r t h C h in a M is s io n

Remittances, drafts, aud purchases...............................................................................................$53,784.97Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country................................................... 4,898.72Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China ...................................................... 2,377.74Grants for missionaries’ children in this cou ntry ..................................................................... 1,679.04Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s ........................................................................................... 1,117.50Expenses of Deputation for this mission ................................................................................ 1,400.00 $65,257.97

S h a n s i M is s io n

Remittances, drafts, and purchases ................................................................................... $8,373.92Expenses of missionary’s family in this country ................................................................. 370.00Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China .................................... . . . . 424.19Grant for missionary’s child in this c o u n try ............................................................................ 62.50Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s ........................................................................................... 101.67Expenses of Deputation for this m is s io n ................................................................................ 400.00 f9 ,732.28

J a p a n M is s io n

Remittances, drafts, and purchases...............................................................................................$88,643.19Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country................................................... 6,813.81Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to J a p a n ............................................ 3,202.43Grants for missionaries’ children in this country . . . . . . 1,861.18Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 710.03 $101,230.64

M is s io n to M e x ic o

Remittances, drafts, and purchases...............................................................................................$22,555.00Expenses of missionary and family in this country................................................................. 512.50Grants for missionaries’ children in this country..................................................................... 773.50Procuring and forwarding su p p lies ....................................................................................... 202.50 $24,043.50

G r a ?it-i? i-a id f o r H a w a iia n I s la ? id s

Remittances, drafts, and purchases........................................ $350.00

M ic r o n e s ia n M is s io n

Drafts and purchases........................................................................................................................ $16,529.46Expenses of schooner H ir a m B in g h a m .................................................................................... 673.75Insurance of schooner H ir a m B ingham ................................................................................ 300.00Refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Micronesia ............................................... 2,993.40Expenses of missionaries and their families in this cou ntry ................................................... 4,002.10Grants for missionaries’ children in this country..................................................................... 1,285.23Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s ........................................................................................... 305.66 $26,089.60

M is s io n to S p a in

Remittances, purchases, and forwarding supplies ................................................................. #14,139.69

M is s io n to A u s t r i a

Remittances and forwarding su pp lies ....................................................................................... $11,034.98

W o r k i n th e P h i l i p p i n e s

Kewittances and forwarding su p p lies ....................................... $2,494.13

174 Pecuniary Accounts [Report

i 9° 7] Pecuniary Accounts 175

COST OF COMM UNICATING INFORMATION 1 . A g e n c ie s

'Salary of Rev. C. C. Creegan.................................................................................................... $3,500.00Traveling expenses of Rev. C. C. C re e g a n ........................................................................... 46.80Salary of Rev. A. N. H itch co ck ............................................................................................. 3,600.00Traveling expenses of Rev. A. N. H itch cock ........................................................................ 74.57Salary of Rev. H. Melville Tenney ...................................................................................... 2,166.64Traveling expenses of Rev. H. M. T e n n e y ........................................................................... 314.72Circulars, tracts, advertising, postage, clerk hire, rent, and stationery ............................. 16,234.40Traveling expenses of returned missionaries and others in this department ..................... 2,274.40-Services of Rev. W. E. Strong in this department......................... 500.00Expenses of Conference for new missionaries........................................................................ 554.80Expenses of District Secretaries’ Deputation, ¡S3,2G7, less >1.145 contributed . . . . 2,122.00 $31,288.44

2 . Y o u n g P e o p le 's D e p a r tm e n t

Salary of Mr. Harry Wade Hicks .......................................................................................... $3,000.00Traveling expenses of Mr. H ick s............................. 1,350.01Clerk h i r e ..................................................................................................................................... 1,939.01Circulars, tracts, stationery, and postage, less receipts from s a le s ............................. 2,528.88 $8,817.90

3 . P u b lic a tio n s

Cost of M issionary H era ld , including salaries of editor and general agent and copies sent gratuitously, according to the rule of the Board, to pastors, honorary members, andd o n o r s ................................................................................................. $11,017.63

Deduct amount received from subscriptions............................. $3,158.64for advertising in M issionary H e r a ld ......................... 756.03income from Missionary H era ld F u n d ..................... 131.00 4,045.67 $6,971.96

Annual Report .......................................................................................................................... 793.33Dr. Gates’s sermon, 2,000 copies . . 47.00Almanacs, $459.18, less $309.14 received from sales ..................... . 150.04M ission D a y s p r i n g ................................................................................................................... 320.29Congregational W o r k ................................................................................................. 735.21Clerk h ir e ..................................................................................................................................... 350.00Expense of distribution of miscellaneous publications......................................................... 50.00Pamphlets, tracts, and miscellaneous printing.................................................. 1,700.03

Less amounts received from sale of literature ....................................... 267.86 1,432.17Expenses of preparation of History of American B o a r d ...................................................... ‘2,558.84Expenses of Haystack Memorial V o lu m e .......................................................... 1,818.22

Less receipts from s a l e s ............................................................................... 1,453.76 364.46 $13,773.30

COST OF ADM IN ISTRATION

1 . D e p a r t m e n t o f C o r r e s p o n d e n c e

Salary of Dr. Barton, $3,750, less $787.74 received from Fund for Officers...................... $2,962.26Salary of Dr. Patton, $3,750, less $787.74 received from Fund for O fficers.................. 2,962.26Salary of Dr. E. E. Strong in this department........................................................................ 2,5(10.00Salary of Rev. Enoch F. B e ll.................................................................................................... 1,800.00Clerk hire ................................................................................................................................. 5,135.92 $15,360.44

2 . T r e a s u r e r 's D e p a r tm e n t

Salary of Treasurer, $3,750, less$787.75 received from Fund for Officers............................. $2,902.25Clerk h i r e .............................................................................................. 6,813.16 $9,775.41

3 . N e w Y o r k C ity

Office re n t..................................................................................................................................... $416.00Clerk hire ................................................................................................................................. 789.23Stationery, postage, furniture, and incidental expenses............................ 414.60 $1,619.83

4 . M is c e lla n e o u s C h a r g e s

Rent of Missionary R oom s...................................................................................... . . . . $3,394.56Electric lig h ts .............................................................................................. 126.00Furniture and r e p a ir s ..................................................................................................... • • 458.97Copying letters, documents, etc.................................................................................................. 1,388.33Expenses of Annual M eeting.................................................................................................... 891.0iPostage s ta m p s .......................................................................................................................... 1,155.45Stationery, printing, and b in d in g ............................................................................................. 942.79Certificates of honorary membership and commissions for new missionaries...................... 51.70Books and periodicals for lib ra ry ............................................................................................. 579.42Rent of boxes in safe deposit vaults.......................................................................................... 125.00Bill of examiner of a cco u n ts .................................................................................................... 150.00Care of rooms and incidentals ................................................................................................. 884-83 $1°.M8.12

$ 8 7 7 ,6 3 1 .9 5

1 7 6 Pecuniary Accounts [Report

RECEIPTS

Donations, as acknowledged in the M issionary H e r a l d ................................Legacies, as acknowledged in the M issionary H e r a l d ....................................Interest on General Permanent F u n d ..............................................................Due from cooperating societies in excess of amount credited in previous year Balance at debit of the A. B. C. F. M. August 31, 1907 ................................

This Fund amounts as last year to

FUNDS OF THE BOARD

GEN ERAL P E RM AN E N T FUND Income for general work

PE RM AN EN T FUND FOR OFFICERSThis Fund amounts as last year t o .................................... .................................The income of this Fund, applied to salaries, w a s ...................................................

TW E N T IE T H CENTURY FUNDThis Fund amounted August 31, 1906, t o ..................... $142,999.76Deducted towards debt of that d a te ................................................................. 5,666.66 $137,333.10Received during the year .................................................................................................. 5,823.80

This Fund amounts to

This Fund amounts to

This Fund amounts to

This Fund amounts to

CON DITION AL GIFTS FUND

ASA W. KEN N EY FUND

BANGOR CHURCHES FUND Income for salary of missionary

ORILLA C. KELLOGG FUND

W ILLIAM W H IT E SM ITH FUND Income for education of native preachers and teachers in Africa

This Fund amounts as last year t o ...........................................................................................

H A RR IS SCHOOL OF SCIENCE FUND Income for current expenses of school

This Fund amounts as last year to ............................................................................

A N A TO LIA COLLEGE ENDOW M EN T FUND Income for current expenses of college

This Fund amounts as last year t o ....................................................................................

HOLLIS MOORE M EM O RIAL TRUST Income used for Pasumalai Seminary

This Fund amounts as last year t o ....................................................................................

MISSION SCHOLARSHIPSThis Fund September 1,1906, w a s ........................................................................................ $16,492.25Added during y e a r ..................................................................................................................... 196.20

C. M ERRIAM FEM ALE SCHOLARSHIPThis Fund amounts as last year t o .............................................................................................................

BENJAM IN SCH N EIDER M EM ORIAL FUNDThis Fund amounts as last year t o .............................................................................................................

MARASH TH EOLOGICAL SEM IN ARY FUNDThis Fund amounts as last year t o .............................................................................................................

A N N IE A. GOULD FUND Income for education of Chinese g i r l s .........................................................................................................

$646,724.99 166,830.54 21,411.17 6,029.73

36,635.52

$877,631.9&

?42P,‘-’-->3.22

$46,028.002,363.23

$143,150.90-

$552,903.41

$30,000.00

$12,000.00

$10,906.00

$30,859.38

$25,000.00-

$37,824.91

<5,000.00

$16,688.45

$3,000.00

$1,961.52

$1,800.00

$1,550.00'

GORDON THEOLOGICAL SEM INARY, T l'N G -C H O U , CHINA This Fund amounts as last year t o ........................................................................................................... $10,000.00

FOOCHOW COLLEGE PROFESSORSHIP ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts as last year t o ........................................................................................................... $10,000.00

ST. PAUL’S IN STITU TE FUND Income for St. Paul’s Institute.................................................................... $78,600.00

MRS. D. K. PEARSONS M EM ORIAL ENDOW MENT Income for Anatolia C o lle g e ...................................................................................................................... $50,000.00

ADANA MEDICAL FUND This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $3,303.9-1

JAFFNA M EDICAL MISSION ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $7,777.69

W OM AN ’S MEDICAL MISSION ENDOW MENT, JAFFNA This Fund amounts t o .............................................................................................. *1,075.00

BLANK MEM ORIAL FUND Income for scholarships, Anatolia College

This Fund amounts as last year t o ............................................... $2,000.00

ATTERBURY FUND Income for work in China

This Fund amounts as last year t o ............................. $4,750.00

AM H ERST COLLEGE NEES1MA ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts t o ....................................................................................................................... • • $l,58f>.12

NORTH CHINA COLLEGE ENDOW M ENT Income for current expenses of college

This Fund amounts as last year t o ........................................................................................................... $10,000.00

W ILLIAM S HOSPITAL ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts as last year t o ............................................................. $3,000.00

DIA R BE K IR HOSPITAL ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts to . . . ................................................................................................................... $20,000.00

C. F. GATES M ARDIN HIGH SCHOOL SCHOLARSHIP This Fund amounts as last year t o ..................................................................................................... *1,740.10

H ERBERT R. COFFIN FUND Income for native agency

This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $4,850.00

SECOND CHURCH, AINTAB This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $3,029.92

VLANGA CHURCH FUND This Fund amounts t o .................................................................................................................. >9,069.5<

MARSOVAN CHURCH FUND This Fund amounts as last year t o ......................................................... ................................ >¡*,.-»2 01

A TW ATER MEMORIAL This Fund amounts to .............................................................................................................................. >1.950.00

ALLEN MEMORIAL FUND Income for regular work of the Board

This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $4,000.00

S. B. POOR MEM ORIAL FUND This Fund amounts to . . ............................................................................... $5,000.00

19073 Pecuniary Accounts 177

AM E LIA A. LEONARD FUND Income for educational work in Marsovan

This Fund amounts as last year t o ....................................................................................... . . . . . 82,002.36

"M ISS IO N A R Y H E R A L D ” FUND Income for expenses of publishing M issionary H e ra ld

This Fund September 1, 1906, w a s ............... $2,455.00Added during the y e a r ............................................................................................................ 125.00 #¡2,580.00

ROGENE T. FULTON FUND This Fund amounts to..................................................................................................................................... £1,000.00

ALBERT W EN TW ORTH FUND This Fund amounts as last year t o ............................................................................................................. $1,000.00

17 8 Pecuniary Accounts [Report

FRAN K H. W IGGIN, Treasurer.Boston, Mass., September, iqo~.

B o st o n , September 25, 1907.W e have employed Robert J. Dysart, expert accountant, who has examined the books

and accounts of F r a n k H. W i g g i n , Treasurer of the American Board of Commissioners

for Foreign Missions for the year ending August 31, 1907, who reports them correct. His statement we herewith submit as a part of this report.

W e have examined the certificates of Stocks, Bonds, and other Securities held by the

Treasurer, representing the Investments of the several Funds of the Board, and find them

to correspond with the Balance Sheet of August 31, 1907, and with the detailed statements

of the books of the Board in which these Funds are entered.

The Treasurer’s Bond, duly approved, was exhibited by the chairman of the Prudential Committee.

E d w in H . Ba k e r ,

H e n r y E. C o b b ,

W il l ia m B. P l u n k e t t ,

Auditors.O f f ic e o f

R o b e r t J. D y s a r t ,

Public Accountant and Auditor. M e r c h a n t s B a n k B u i l d in g ,

28 S t a t e S t r e e t , B o s t o n ,

September 24, 1907.To the Auditing Com?nittee o f the

American Board o f Commissioners fo r

Foreign Missions, Boston.

G e n t l e m e n : I beg to advise that I have made my annual audit of the books of the

Board for the year ending with the 31st of August, 1907, and have the honor to certify

herewith to the accuracy of the accounts as disclosed in the balance sheet under date of

August 31, with a balance of $36,635.52 standing to the debit of the Board.

In the course of my examination I have covered thoroughly all points dealing directly

with the receipt and disbursement of money, and have verified in detail the postings, foot­

ings, balancings, cross entries, etc., of the general ledger, as well as of all of the books of

original entry.

I have proved and counted the cash balance in safe and on deposit at the various

banks, and have also made an extended and careful inspection of the vouchers covering the entire disbursements of the year.

Your Committee as usual having examined the certificates of stock, bonds, and other

securities held by the Treasurer representing the investments standing on the debit side of

the balance sheet renders, as in previous years, an examination of those securities by me

unnecessary.

It gives me pleasure to state that the work in connection with the books and docu­

ments of the Board has been faithfully performed.

Respectfully submitted,R o b e r t J. D y s a r t , Special Examiner.

SUMMARY OF DONATIONS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR

1907] Donations 17 9

MaineDonations................................................... $7,625.00Legacies ................................................... 21,219.00Donations for School Fund .................. 303.86Donations for Mission Work for Women1

(of which £500 are legacies)................... 6,456.13

$35,603.99New Hampshire

Donations................................................... $10,835.87Legacies .................................................. 1G ,264.72Donations for School Fund...................... 336.94Donations for Mission Work for Women

(of which $874.34 are legacies) . . . . 4,697.66

$32,135.19Vermont

Donations................................................... $8,597.58Legacies ................................................... 3,249.10Donations for School Fund ..................... 429.94Donations for Mission Work for Women

(of which $300 are legacies) . . . . . . . 5,516.87

$17,793.49Massachusetts

Donations................... .....................$114,958.96Legacies ................................................... 82,310.77Donations for School Fund ................... 3,616.62Donations for Mission Work for Women

(of which $7,654.53 arc legacies) - . . . 62,593.47

$263,479.82Rhode Island

Donations . . . . . . . . . $4,203.64Legacies ................................................... 5,465.75Donations for School Fund...................... 171.79Donations for Mission Work for Women, 7,142.27

$16,983.45Connecticut

Donations . . . . $54,025.64L e g a c ie s ................................................... 13,049.07Donations for School Fund...................... 1,846.99Donations for Mission Work for Women

(of which $1,962.42 are legacies) . . . 35,506.80

$104,428.50New York

Donations............... ......................... $31,593.74L e g a c ie s ................................................... 11,814.96Donations for School Fund....................... 835.39Donations for Mission Work for Women, 12,798.51

$57,042.60New Jersey

Donations................................................... $6,352.49Donations for School Fund...................... 214.83Donations for Mission Work for Women

(of which $250 are legacies).................. 3,849.43

$10,416.75Pennsylvania

Donations................................................... $4,659.17Legacies ................................................... 2,537.50Donations for School Fund...................... 132.24Donations for Mission Work for Women, 1,004.76

$8,333.67Maryland

Donations................................................... $292.70Donations for Mission Work for Women, 152.00

>444.70Delaware

Donations................................................... $40.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 12.00

$52.00

VirginiaDonations.................................................. $141.39Donations for School Fund....................... 8.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 49.25

$198.64West Virginia

Donations.................................................. $21.15

District o f ColumbiaDonations.................................................. $1,245.48Donations for School Fund...................... 167.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 959.90

$2,372.38North Carolina

Donations.................................................. $260.67Donations for School Fund...................... 21.40Donations for Mission Work for Women, 40.00

$322.07Georgia

Donations.................................................. $122 83Donations for School Fund...................... 22.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 76.02

$220.85Florida

Donations . . $348.79Donations for School Fund...................... 29.67Donations for Mission Work forWomen, 242.13

$620.59Alabama

Donations.................................................. $174.00Donations for School Fund...................... 27.48

$201.48Mississippi

Donations.................................................. $54.00Donations for Mission Work forWomen, 20.00

$74.00Louisiana

Donations.................................................. $98.25Donations for School Fund...................... 3.10Donations for Mission Work for Women, 5.00

$106.35Tennessee

Donations.................................................. $125.57Donations for Mission Work for Women, 5.00

$130.57Arkansas

Donations.............................. $10.00Donations for School Fund.. 10.00

$20.00Texas

Donations............................... $219.96Donations for Mission Work forWomen, 52.00

$271.96Indiana

Donations............................... $384.35Donations for School Fund.. 30.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 995.75

$1,410.10Kentucky

Donations.................................................. $131.40Donations for School Fund...................... 3.00Donations for Mission Work forWomen, 17.00

$151.40

those from the Woman’s Board for the Pacific) are1 The donations for Mission Work for Women (excepting taken from L ife a n d L ig h t, and differ somewhat from amounts in the H erald.

i 8o Donations [Report

Donations................................................... 12,881.39Donations for School F un d...................... 178.58Donations for Mission Work for Women, 4,824.66

M isso u ri

#7,884.63Ohio

Donations.................. .................. $13,902.79Legacies ................................................... 4,355.91Donations for School F un d ...................... 600.14Donations for Mission Work for Women, 8,164.61

$27,023.45Illinois

Donations................................................... $40,754.39Legacies ................................................... 1,071.83Donations for School Fund..................... 1,105.52Donations for Mission Work for Women, 33,208.93

$76,140.67Michigan

Donations . . . ............................... $6,585.88Legacies ................................................... 437.50Donations for School Fund....................... 319.76Donations for Mission Work for Women, 8,377.69

815,720.83Wisconsin

Donations................................................... $5,128.68Legacies ................................................... 757.86Donations for School F un d ..................... 179.29Donations for Mission Work for Women, 7,245.02

$13,310.85Iowa

Donations................................................... $5,102.19Legacies ................................................... 52.57Donations for School Fund...................... 300.76Donations for Mission Work for Women, 9,887.17

$15,342.69Minnesota

Donations................................................... $6,992.17Legacies ................................................... 1,500.00Donations for School Fund....................... 229.86Donations for Mission Work for Women, 6,250.00

$14,972.03Kansas

Donations................................................... $1,872.45Donations for School Fund...................... 74.86Donations for Mission Work for Women, 3,086.41

$5,033.72Nebraska

Donations.......................... $2,991.83Donations for School Fund...................... ( 389.32Donations for Mission Work for Women, 2,323.86

$5,705.01C alifornia

Donations................................................... $14,553.00Legacies ................................................... 1,512.00Donations for School F und..................... 826.06Donations for Mission Work for Women, 8,027.50

$24,918.56Oregon

Donations................................................... $1,209.62Donations for School F un d ..................... 19.63

$1,229.25Colorado

Donations................................................... $2,171.30Donations for School Fund...................... 159.44Donations for Mission Work for Women, 2,591.47

$4,922.21Washington

Donations.......................... . . . . . $4,176.13Donations for School Fund...................... 97.83

$4,273.96

Donations................................................... $710.69Donations for School Fund...................... 23.20Donations for Mission Work for Women, 495.50

N o rth D a k o ta

$1,229.39South Dakota

Donations............................. $914.32Donations for School Fund...................... 104.87Donations for Mission Work for Women, 1,350.34

*2,369.5:;Montana

Donations................................................... >73.95Donations for School Fund...................... 17.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 38.37

$129.32Idaho

Donations................. $103 52Donations for School Fund...................... 8.25Donations for Mission Work for Women, 1.00

5112.77Nevada

Donations................................................... $51.95Donations for Sphool Fund...................... 9.44

561.39Wyoming

Donations................................................... $61.62Donations for School Fund...................... 9.37Donations for Mission Work for Women, 270.24

«341.2C-Utah

Donations.................................... . . $135.96Donations for School Fund...................... 4.0(1

$139.91'!Arizona Territory

Donations............... $975.00Legacies ................................................... 1,144.00

$2,119.00Indian Territory

Donations ........................................ $12.00

Oklahoma TerritoryDonations................................................... $115.10Legacies ................................................... 88.00Donations for School Fund..................... 1.91Donations for Mission Work for Women, 335.48

$540.49T erritory o f New Mexico

Donations................................................... $10.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 10.65

$20.65Territory o f Alaska

Donations for School Fund...................... $20.00

CanadaProvince of Quebec D onations............... $1,092.66Province of Ontario D onations............... 3,722.85Donations for Mission Work for Women, 1,575.00

$6,390.51Hawaiian Islands

Donations.................................................. $3,460.05Donations for School Fund...................... 220.20

$3,680.25

Foreign Lands and Missionary StationsD on a tion s ........................................................ $1,155.94Donations for Mission Work for Women,

(of which $3 are legacies)...................... 529.79>1,680.73

Donations i8 i

From Income Mission ScholarshipAs acknowledged in M issionary H erald , $208.33

Hollis Moore Memorial FundIncome for Pasumalai Seminary . . . . 5300.00

Foochow College Professorship EndowmentFor salary and other expenses of Miss

W ile y ...................................................... *582.50

W illiam White Smith FundIncome for education of native preachers

and teachers in Africa ...................... $1,394.00

Asa W. Kenney Fund! ncome for support of missionary in active

service ................................................... $738.79

W ork in the Philippines

For salaries of Rev. and Mrs. R. F. Black, in part, for 1907 .................................... <1,210.00

Henry R. Adkins FundIncome to August 31,1907 . ............... >12.50

Atterbury FundIncome for education of students in theo­

logical seminary, T u n g-ch ou ............... $238.91

Deacon Gates Scholarship, Mardin High School, Turkey

For work, care Rev. C. F. Gates . . . . $40.00

Andrews ScholarshipIncome for pupil in Gordon Theological

S em inary............................................... S20.00

Montgomery Memorial Scholarship FundFor Central Turkey College, care Miss

E. M. B lakely..................................... $5.00

Atwater Memorial FundFor support of school at Fen-cho-fu, care

I. J. A tw ood........................................... S98.00

Ann £. Shorey FundFor education of Ram Chundra Shorey,

care Mrs. M. L. S ibley.......................... $25.00

The Annie A. Gould FundIncome for education of Chinese girls in ‘ P ao-tin g-fu ............................................ S70.00

The Cornelia A. Allis FundIncome for support of pupil in Madura,

care Rev. J. E. T r a c y ......................... $12.00

The Joanna Fisher White ScholarshipIncome for scholarship in girls’ boarding

school, M arsovan ................................. $10.00

Porter ScholarshipsIn co m e ...................................................... $120.00

North China Colleg’e EndowmentIn co m e ...................................................... $550.95

Williams Hospital EndowmentI n co m e ...................................................... $105.08

Gordon Theological Seminary, Tung-chou, China

In co m e ...................................................... $305.00

Benjamin Schneider Memorial Fund

579.43Income for training preachers in Central

T u r k e y ..................................................

Medical Work Anatolia CollegeIncome for medical work, care Rev. Geo.

E. W h i t e ............................................... $341.60

C. F. Gates Mardin High School Scholarship

$85.00Income for scholarship in Mardin High

School ..................................................

Dewey FundIncome to August 31,1907, for support of

pupil, care of Mrs. S. S. Dewey . . .

A. A. Leonard Fund

Income sent to Turkey . . . . . . .

$15.00

*99.19

Marash Theological Seminary EndowmentIncome for Seminary................................ $82.92

Marash Theological Seminary LibraryIncome to September 1 ,1 9 0 0 .................. $63.00

Marash Academy Endowment

Income to August 31, 1907 ..................... $103.43

Marash Orphanage EndowmentIncome to August 31, 1907 $12.00

S. B. Poor Memorial FundIncome for Uduvil School for Girls, care

Rev. James H. Dickson .............. $211.00

Alice Ju lia Rice Memorial FundIncome to August 31, 1907, for mainte­

nance of study in Doshisha, care Rev.F. A. L o m b a r d ................................ $16.00

Satara Orphanage FundIncome to August 31,1907, for support of

child in orphanage, care Rev. H. J.B ruce ...................................................... $19.44

Hugh Miller ScholarshipFor Ahmednagar Theological Seminary $70.00

Jeannie Grace Greenoug'h Crawford Fund

Income for education of girls in Western Turkey, care Rev. L. S. Crawford . . $50.00

i 82 Donations [Report

Thornton Bigelow Penfield ScholarshipIncome for students in Pasumalai Semi­

nary, I n d i a ............................................ $25.00

Turvanda Topalyan ScholarshipIncome for education of poor village girls,

care Miss Virginia B illings.................. $45.00

W illiams and Andrus ScholarshipIncome for pupils at Mardin, Eastern

T u r k e y ................................................... $75.00

C lark FundIncome to August 31, 1907, for native

preacher in I n d ia ................................. $50.00

Herbert R. Coffin FundFor support native helpers in India . . . $244.50

Charles E. Fowler'M em orial FundIncome to August 31, 1907 ......................

Rogene T. Fulton FundFor support of Bible-reader in India . .

A lien Memorial Fund

Interest to August 31, 1907, for general w o r k ................................................ .

Orilla C. Kellogg FundIncome to August 31, 1907, for support

and education of native children . . .

W. W. Penfield FundIncome to August 31,1907 ......................

$25.00

$50.00

$203.00

$507.54

$4.00

Albert Wentworth Fundlineóme to August 31, 1907 ...................... $50.00

From Jaffna General Medical Mission>r salary T. B. Scott and family toJune 30, 1907 ........................................ ?84(J.G7

From Woman’s Medical Mission, Jaffna

$640.90For expenses to June 30, 1907, including

salary of Dr. Curr.................................

Susan B. Church Memorial FundFrom Congregational Church, Littleton,

N. H., for Sholapur station ............... $5.50

Mrs. D. K. Pearsons Memorial FundIncome for Anatolia C o lle g e .................. $1,821.86

Income Endowment Anatolia College

$78.00For scholarship from Blank Memorial

F u n d ......................................................

St. Paul’s InstituteIncome and contributions received . . . $8,751.50

From Jaffna Medical Mission Funds

$1,315.14For current expenses of medical work in

Jaffna.......................................................

TotalDonations....................................................... $367,440.0(5Legacies ................................................... 160,830.54Donations for School Fund...................... 13,109.62Donations for Mission Work for Women,

as above, $232,789.64 (of which $11,- 544.29 are from legacies), the differencebeing explained on page 179 ............... 244,081.97

Income of funds as above (37).................. 22,093.34

$813,555.53

19073 Receipts o f the Board

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD

T he following table exhibits the income of the Board from all sources

since its organization.

For the year ending For the year endingSeptember, 1811.................. ............... $999.52 July 31, 1860 .................. . . . . 5429.799. OSAugust 31,1812.................. ............... 13,611.50 August 31, 1861.................. .............. 340,522.56

1813................... . . . . 11,361.18 1862 .................. ............... 339,080.561814.................. ............... 12,265.56 1863 .............. .............. 397,079.711815.................. 1864 .............. ............... 531,985.671816.................. 1865 . . . . .............. 534,763.331817.................. 1866 .................. . . 446,942.441818.................. ............... 34,727.72 1867 .................. . . . 437,884.771819.................. 1868 .................. . . . . 535.X38.lS41820 .................. ............... 39,949.45 1869 .................. ............... 525,214.951821.................. .............. 46,354.95 1870 .................. . . . . 461,058.421822 . . . . . . . . 60,087.87 1871.................. ............... 429,160.601823 .................. 1872 . . . . 445,824.231824.................. . . . . 47,483.58 1873 . . . . . . . 431,844.811825 ........... 1874 .................. . . 478 ,256.511826 .................. 1875 .................. . . . . 4 76 ,028.19

1827 .................. 1876 .................. ............... 465,442.401828 ...................... 1877 .................. .............. 441,391.451829 ...................... ......... 106,928.26 1878 ........... .............. 482,204.731830 .................. ............... 83,019.37 1879 .................. ............... 518,386.061831...................... 100,934.09 1880 . . . . . 613,639.511832 ...................... . . . . 130,574.12 “ • 1881 . . . . . . . 691,245.16

“ 1833 ...................... . . . . 145,847.77 1882 . 651,976.841834 ...................... ............... 152,386.10 1883 .................. . 590,995.67

July 31, 1835 ...................... ...............163,340.19 1884 .................. .............. 588,353.51“ 1836 ...................... 1885 ........... . . . . . 625,832.54

1837 ............. ............... 252,076.55 1886 ........... ......... 658,754.421838 ............. ............... 236,170.98 1887 .................. .............. 679,573.791839 ...................... 1888 .................. ......................6 6 5 ,712.211840 ...................... ............... 241,691.04 1889 .................. ............... 685,111.331841...................... .............. 235 189 30 1890 . . - . ............... 762,585.631842 ...................... 1891.................. . . . 824,325.501843 ...................... 1892 ........... . . . . 840,804.72

“ 1844 ...................... 1893 ........... . . 679,285.941845 ............. 1894 ........... .............. 705,132.701846 ...................... 1895 .................. ............... 716,837.171847 ............. ............... 211,402.76 1896.................. . . . . 743,104.591848 ...................... 1897 .................. .............. 642,781.071849 ...................... ............... 291,705.27 1898 .................. . . . . 687.208.981850 . . . . . . . ............... 251,862.21 1899 ........... ......... 644,200.891851............. ...............274,902.28 1900 ........... . . . 737,957.301852 ............. 1901.................. .............. 697,370.90

“ 1853 ...................... 1902 ........... . . . 845,105.851854 ...................... 1903 .................. .............. 740,777.17

“ 1855 ...................... 1904 .................. ............... 725,315.901856 ...................... 1905.................. .............. 752,149.751857 .............. ......... 388,932.69 1906 ........... ............... 913,159.641858 .............. 1907 ........... .............. 920,384.091859 ............. ......... 350,915.45 1

PLACES OF MEETING AND PREACHERS

1 84 Places o f Meeting [Report

Y'ear Pla ce o f M eeting P reacher T e x t

1810 Farm ington..................1811 W orcester......................1812 Hartford ......................I8 I 0 Boston ..........................1814 New Haven . . . . . .1815 S alem .............................1816 Hartford ...................... . . . *Henry Davis, d . d .................................

1817 N ortham pton...............1818 N ew H a v e n ..................1819 Boston ......................1820 Hartford ......................1821 Springfield ...................1822 New H a v e n ......................1823 Boston ..........................1824 Hartford .........................1825 N ortham pton ..................1S2G M iddletow n..................1827 New York ...................... . . . Luke xi, 21 ; Rev., etc.182 Philadelphia......................1829 Albany .............................1830 Boston .............................1831 New H a v e n ......................1832 New Y o r k ..........................1833 Philadelphia...................... . . ^William Murray, d . d ..........................

1834 Utica .................................1835 B altim ore..........................1836 Hartford ..........................1837 N ew a rk ............................. • Acts iv, 121838 Portland .........................................

1839 T r o y .................................1840 P ro v id e n ce ......................1841 Philadelphia......................1842 N orwich.............................1843 R och ester..........................1844 W orcester..........................1845 B ro o k ly n ..........................1846 New H a v e n ......................1847 B u f fa lo ..............................1848 Boston ............................. * Isaac Ferris, d . d .................................... • . M a l t l i e w vi, 101849 Pittsfield .......................... . . . Daniel vii, 271850 O s w e g o ............................. 1 Corinthians xv, 581851 Portland . . . . . . . *David H. Riddle, d . d . .

1852 Troy . . ......................1853 Cincinnati..........................1854 Hartford .......................... . . . »Charles White, d .d ..............................

1855 U t i c a .................................1856 N ew ark ..............................1857 Providence ...................... . . *.M. La Rue P. Thompson, d . d . .

1858 D e t r o i t ............................. . . . Luke xi, 411859 Philadelphia...................... . «Robert W. Patterson, d . d . . . . Matthew xiii, 331860 Boston ..............................1861 C leveland..........................1862 Springfield ...................... . *Henry Smith, d . d ..................................

1863 R ochester .......................... . . . Luke xxiv, 45-471864 W orcester..........................1865 C h ica go .............................186C Pittsfield ..........................1*67 B u ffa lo .............................

Deceased.

i q o ;

Yea-,

1868186918701871187218731874187518761877187818791880188118821883188418851886188718881889189018911892189318941895189G18971898189919001901190219031904190519001907

Places o f Meeting

Norwich ...........................................................*Henry A. Nelson, d . d ......................................John xii, oil

P ittsb u rg ..................................................*John Todd, d . d .........................................................Malachi i, 11B r o o k ly n ..................................................*Jonathan F. Steams, d .d ................................... Matthew xxviii, 18-20S alem ................................................................. *Truman M. Post, d .d ................................ Mark x, 45New H a v e n ........................................ *Samuel C. Bartlett, d .d ................................... 1 Corinthians ii, 1-5Minneapolis .............................................* Julius H. Seelye, d .d ................................ Romans iv, 25R utland ...........................................................*Henry M. Scudder, d .d ................................... Romans x, 14, 15C h icago .^Israel W. Andrews, d . d . . . . . . Romans i, 14Hartford .................................................. *William M. Taylor, d .d ........................... Ezekiel xlvii, 9Providence ........................................*James H. Fairchild, d . d ...........................1 John iv, 20Milwaukee . . . Henry H. Jessup, d .d .............................AddressSyracuse . . . . . . *George F. Magoun, d . d ....................................Matthew xxviii, 18, 19L o w e l l ......................... . . . »Jacob M. Manning, d .d .......................... Revelation xxi, 1St. L o u i s .................................... *A. J. F. Behrends, d .d ............................. Luke xiv, 28, 30Portland ........................................................... *Edward P. Goodwin, d . d ............................... Acts xiii, 2D e t r o i t ...........................................«William M. Barbour, d . d ...................... Mark xii, 31C olum bus ..................................................* Aaron L. Chapin, d . d ...........................................Acts xx, 24Boston ........................................................... *George Leon Walker, d .d ............................. Hebrews xi, 13, 39, 40Des Moines ................. John L. Withrow, d .d ....................................................... Acts xxvi, 17, 18Springfield . . . . . Frederick A. Noble, d . d ................................ Luke xi, 2C leveland .................................................. Henry Hopkins, d . d ......................................... John xiv, 6; Eph. i, 23New Y o r k ................................................. Lewellyn Pratt, d .d ............................................... John xx, 21-23M inneapolis .................................................... Arthur Little, d .d ................................... John xii, 24Pittsfield .................................... *Edwin B. Webb, d . d ..................... . . 1 Corinthians iii, 9C h ica go ....................................................... Daniel March, d . d .......................... Matthew xxi, 5W orcester ..................................................Albert J. Lymau, d .d ............................................. 1 Corinthians ix, 19-23Madison .......................................................*T. Eaton Clapp, d . d ................................. Acts xi, 18Brooklyn . . ............... George A. Gordon, d .d .................................... 1 Corinthians ii, 2T o l e d o ................................ . . . Edward N. Packard, d .d ........................ Acts ii, 14-18New H a v e n ............................................. Nehemiah Boynton, d .d ........................................John xxi, 17Grand R a p id s ............................. R. R. Meredith, d .d ............................... Luke iv, 18Providence ................................... George C. Adams, d . d ............... John x, 10St. Louis .............................................Edward C. Moore, d . d ........................................... 1 Kipgs xix, 7Hartford .................................................... Edward D. Eaton, d . d ..........................Matt, xi, 4, 5O b e r lin ........................................................... Newell D. Hillis, d . d ....................... Matt, xiii, 33 ; Mark vii, 24M anchester .................................................»Willard G. Sperry, d . d .................................... Rev. xiv, 1Grinnell ........................................ Reuen Thomas, d .d ...........................................2 Corinthians vi, 11-13Seattle . . . . . . Rev. Joseph H. T w ic h e l l .................. Romans i, 14Williamstown and North Adams, George A. Gates, d . d .............................. 2 Corinthians v, 14Cleveland, uniting with the National Congregational Council in the Sermon by George A. Gordon, d . d .

♦Deceased.

Place o f Meeting Preacher Text

i8 6 Missionaries o f the Board [Report

MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD

T h e following list presents the names of Missionaries now in connection with the Board in the field, or expecting to return, giving the year in which they went out, the missions and stations with which they are connected, but not in all cases their Postoffice Addresses. These Postoffice Addresses are given in the American Board Almanac.

South A frican Mission

ZULU BRANCHM I S S I O N A R I E S W E N T O U T

Rev. Stephen C. Pixley, Inanda, 1855Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman, Amanzimtoti, 1860Mrs. Mary K. Edwards, Inanda, 1868Miss Martha E. Price, Amanzimtoti, 1877Rev. Herbert D. Goodenough, Johannesburg, 1881Mrs. Caroline L. Goodenough, 1881Rev. William C. Wilcox, Ifafa, 1881Mrs. Ida B. Wilcox, 1881Miss Fidelia Phelps, Inanda, 1884Miss Martha H. Pixley, Esidumbini, 1889Rev. Charles N. Ransom, Amanzimtoti, 1890Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom, 1890Rev. Fred R. Bunker, Beira, East Africa, 1891Mrs. Isabel H . Bunker, 1891Rev. George B. Cowles, Jr., Amanzimtoti, 1893Mrs. Amy Bridgman Cowles, 1893Miss Laura C. Smith, Umzumbe, 1893Rev. Frederick B. Bridgman, Durban, 1897Mrs. Clara Davis Bridgman, 1897James B. McCord, m . d . , Durban, 1899Mrs. Margaret M. McCord, 1899Rev. James D . Taylor, Amanzimtoti, 1899Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor, 1899Rev. Albert E. LeRoy, Amanzimtoti, 1901Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy, 1901Miss Caroline E. Frost, Umzumbe, 1901Rev. Charles H. Maxwell, Esidumbini, 1906Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell, 1906Miss Alice E. Seibert, Umzumbe, 1906

RH O D E SIA N BRANCHRev. George A. Wilder, Chikore, 1880Mrs. Alice C. Wilder, 1880William L. Thompson, m . d . , Mt. Silinda, 1891Mrs. Mary E. Thompson, 1888Miss H. Juliette Gilson, Melsetter, 1896William T. Lawrence, m . d . , Chikore, 1900Mrs. Florence E. Lawrence, 1900Columbus C. Fuller, Mt. Silinda, 1902Mrs. Julia B. Fuller, 1902Rev. Thomas King, Mt. Silinda, 1905Mrs. Estelle R. King, 1905Miss Minnie Clarke, Mt. Silinda, 1907

West Central African MissionRev. William H. Sanders, Kamundongo, 1880Mrs. Sarah Bell Sanders, 1888Mrs. Annie M. Fay, Bailundu, 1886Rev. Wesley M. Stover, Bailundu, 1882Mrs. Bertha L>. Stover, 1882Rev. Walter T. Currie, Chisamba, 1886Mrs. Amy J. Currie, 1893Mrs. Marion M. Webster, Bailundu, 1887

Rev. Thomas W. Woodside, Ochileso, 1888Mrs. Emma D. Woodside, 1888Miss Helen J. Melville, Chisamba, 1893Miss Margaret W. Melville, Chisamba, 1895Rev. Frederick C. Wellman, m . d . , Sachikela, 1896Mrs. Lydia J. Wellman, 1896Miss Sarah Stimpson, Kamundongo, 1898Miss Emma C. Redick, Ochileso, 1900Miss Diadem Bell, Chisamba, 1902Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell, Bailundu, 1902Rev. Merlin Ennis, Sachikela, 1903Mrs. Elisabeth R. Ennis, 1907Rev. Henry A. Neipp, Ochileso, 1904Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp, 1904Miss Nellie J. Arnott, Kamundongo, 1905William Cammack, M .r > . , Chisamba, 1906Mrs. Libbie Seymour Cammack, m . d . , 1906Rev. William C. Bell, Bailundu, 1907Mrs. Lena H. Bell, 1907

European TurKey MissionRev. James F. Clarke, Sofia, 1859Rev. Henry C. Haskell, Philippopolis, 1862Mrs. Margaret B. Haskell, 1862Miss Esther T. Maltbie, Samokov, 1870Rev. George D. Marsh, Philippopolis, 1872Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh, 1868Rev. John W. Baird, Samokov, 1872Mrs. Ellen R. Baird, 1870Rev. J. Henry House, Salonica, 1872Mrs. Addie B. House, 1872Rev. Robert Thomson, Samokov, 1881Mrs. Agnes C. Thomson, 1881Miss Harriet L. Cole, Monastir, 1883Miss Mary L. Matthews, Monastir, 1888Miss Mary M. Haskell, Monastir, 1890Rev. William P. Clarke, Monastir, 1891Mrs. Martha G. Clarke, 1900Rev. Edward B. Haskell, Salonica, 1891Mrs. Elisabeth F. Haskell, 1901Miss Agnes M. Baird, Samokov, 1898Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke, Sofia, 1899Rev. Theodore T. Holway, Samokov, 1901Mrs. Elizabeth H. Holway, 1901Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander, Samokov, 1902Mrs. Mary L. Ostrander, 1902Miss Inez L. Abbott, Samokov, 1907Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy, Monastir, 1907Mrs. Violet B. Kennedy, 1907

Western TurKey Mission

Rev. Joseph K. Greene, Constantinople, 1859Mrs. Mathilde H. Greene, 1895Rev. George F. Herrick, Constantinople, 1859Mrs. Helen M. Herrick, 1861Rev. Theodore A. Baldwin, Brousa, 1867

1907] Missionaries o f the Board 187

Mrs. Matilda J. Baldwin, 1807Rev. Henry S. Bamum, Constantinople, 1807Mrs. Helen P. Bamum, 1869Rev. Charles C. Tracy, Marsovan, 1867Mrs. Myra P. Tracy, 1867Miss Harriet G. Powers, Brousa, 1868Rev. Henry T. Perry, Sivas, 1866Mrs. Mary H. Perry, 1892Rev. Edward Riggs, Marsovan, 1869Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs, 1869Miss Laura Farnham, Adabazar, 1871Miss Mary M. Patrick, Constantinople, 1871Mrs. Sarah S. Smith, Marsovan, 1874Rev. James L. Fowle, Cesarea, 1878Mrs. Caroline P. Fowle, 1878Rev. Robert Chambers, Bardezag, 1879Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chambers, 1879Miss Fannie E. Burrage, Cesarea, 1880Mr. William W. Peet, Constantinople, 1881Mrs. Martha H. Peet, 1881Mrs. Etta D. Marden, Constantinople, 1881Miss Isabella F. Dodd, Constantinople, 18S2Miss Emily McCallum, Smyrna, 1883Miss Ida W. Prime, Constantinople, 1884Rev. William S. Dodd, m . d . , Cesarea, 1886Mrs. Mary L. Dodd, 1886Rev. James P. McNaughton, Smyrna, 1887Mrs. Rebecca G. .McNaughton, 1885Rev. George E. White, Marsovan, 1890Mrs. Esther B. White, 1890Miss Anna B. Jones, Constantinople, 1890Rev. Alexander MacLachlan, Smyrna, 1890Mrs. Rose H. MacLachlan, 1891Rev. Herbert M. Allen, Constantinople, 1893Mrs. Ellen R. Allen, 1889Rev. Henry K. Wingate, Cesarea, 1893Mrs. Jane C. Wingate, 1887Miss Annie M. Barker, Constantinople, 1894Miss Ilse C. Pohl, Smyrna, 1894Miss Charlotte R. Willard, Marsovan, 1897Thomas S. Carrington, m . d . , Constantinople, 1897Mrs. Phebe W. Carrington, 1897Miss Minnie B. Mills, Smyrna, 1897Miss Claribel Platt, Marsovan, 1899Miss Mary E. Kinney, Adabazar, 1899Rev. Ernest C. Partridge, Sivas, 1900Mrs. Winona G. Partridge, 1900Rev. Charles T. Riggs, Constantinople, 1900Mrs. Mary R. Riggs, 1900Miss Mary I. Ward, Marsovan, 1900Miss Mary L. Graffam, Sivas, 1901Miss Stella N. Lougliridge, Cesarea, 1901Miss Charlotte P. Halsey, Trebizond, 1901Miss Adelaide S. Dwight, Cesarea, 1902Miss Susan W. Orvis, Cesarea, 1902Charles Ernest Clark, m . d . , Sivas, 1903Mrs. Ina V. Clark, 1903Mr. Dana K. Getchell. Marsovan, 1903Mrs. Susan Riggs Getchell, 1892Mr. Samuel L. Caldwell, Smyrna, 1903Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell, 1903Rev. Herbert M. Irwin, Cesarea, 1903Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin, 1903Miss Nina E. Rice, Sivas, 1903Miss Lillian F. Cole, Cesarea, 1904Miss Gwen Griffiths, Constantinople, 1904Miss Jeannie L. Jillson, Smyrna, 1904Wilfred M. Post, m . d . , Cesarea, 1904Mrs. Annie S. Post, 1904Rev. Charles K. Tracy, Smyrna, 1904

Mrs. May S. Tracy, 1904Rev. Theodore A. Elmer, Marsovan, 1905Mrs. Henrietta M. Elmer, 1905Alden R. Hoover, m .d . , Marsovan, 190tiMrs. Esther F. Hoover, li)0fiMiss Madeline Gile, Adabazar, 1907

Central T urkey MissionMrs. Margaret R. Trowbridge, Aintab. 1861Miss Corinna Shattuck, Oorfa, 1873Rev. Thomas D. Christie, Tarsus, 1877Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie, 1877Rev. William N. Chambers ̂ Adana, 1879Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers, 1879Rev. Lucius O. Lee, Marash, 1880Mrs. Eula Bates Lee, 1889Miss Ellen M. Blakely, Marash, 1886Miss Elizabeth S. Webb, Adana, 188(iRev. Frederick W. Macallum, Marash, 1890Mrs. Henrietta M. Macallum, 1890Miss Mary G. Webb, Adana, 1890Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge, Aintab, 1891Miss Effie M. Chambers, Kessab, 1893Mr. John E. Merrill, Aintab, '1898Mrs. Isabel Trowbridge Merrill, 1900Miss Annie E. Gordon, Marash, 1901Miss Cora May Welpton, Marash, 1901Miss Virginia A. Billings , Hadjin, 1904Miss Lucy H. Morley, Adana, 1904Miss Olive M. Vaughan, Hadjin, 1904Miss Isabella M. Blake, Aintab, 1905Miss Harriet C. Norton, Aintab, 1905Rev. Stephen vR. Trowbridge, Aintab, 1906Mrs. Blanche H. Trowbridge, 1906Rev. Fred F. Goodsell, Aintab, 1907Mrs. Lulu C. S. Goodsell, 1907Miss Alice C. Bewer, Aintab, 1907

Eastern Turkey MissionRev. Herman N. Bamum, Harpoot, 1858Mrs. Mary E. Bamum, 1859Rev. Alpheus N. Andrus, Mardin, 18(58Mrs. Olive L. Andrus, 1868Miss Charlotte E. Ely, Bitlis, 1868Miss Mary A. C. Ely, Bitlis, 1808Rev. Royal M. Cole, Bitlis, 1868Mrs. Lizzie Cole, 1808Rev. George C. Kaynolds, m . d . , Vail, 1869Mrs. Martha W. Raynolds, 1869Miss Caroline E. Bush, Harpoot, 1870Daniel M. B. Thom, m .d . , Mardin, 1874Mrs. Helen L. Thom, 1886Rev. John K. Browne, Harpoot, 1875Mrs. Leila Browne, 187(!Mrs. Seraphina S. Dewey, Mardin, 1877Miss Mary L. Daniels, Harpoot, 1885Rev. George P. Knapp, Harpoot, 1890Mrs. Anna J. Knapp, 1890Miss Johanna L. Graf, Mardin, 1894 ■Rev. Robert S. Stapleton, Erzroom, 1897Mrs. Ida S. Stapleton, m . d ., 1898Kev. Clarence D. Ussher, m . d . , Van, 1898Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ussher, 1899Miss Ruth M. Bushnell, Erzroom, 1898Miss Mary Myrtle Foote, Erzroom, 1899Miss Grisell M. McLaren, Van, 1900Henry H. Atkinson, m . d , , Harpoot, 1901Mrs. Tacy A. Atkinson, 1.901Herbert L. Underwood, m .d ., Bitlis, 1901

Missionaries o f the Board [Report

Mrs. Dora E. Underwood,Rev. Edward F. Carey, Harpoot,Mrs. Miriam V. Carey,Miss Agnes Fenenga, Mardin,Miss Mary W . Riggs, Harpoot,Rev. Henry H. Riggs, Harpoot,Mrs. Emma M. Riggs,Miss Susan R. Norton, Van,Rev. Ernest A. Yarrow, Van,Mrs. Jane T. Yarrow,Miss Diantha L. Dewey, Mardin,Miss Maria B. Poole, Harpoot,Rev. Richard S. M. Emrich, Mardin,Mrs. Jeannette W. Emrich,Miss E. Gertrude Rogers, Van,Edwin St. J. Ward, m .d ., Diarbekir,Mrs. Charlotte A. Ward,

Marathi Mission

Rev. Henry J. Bruce, Satara,Mrs. Hepzibeth P. Bruce,Mrs. Elizabeth D . Harding, Ahmednagar, Mrs. Mary C. Winsor, Sirur,Rev. Robert A. Hume, Ahmednagar,Mrs. Kate F. Hume,Rev. William 0 . Ballantine, m . d . , Rahuri, Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine,Rev. Lorin S. Gates, Sholapur,Mrs. Frances H . Gates,Rev. James Smith, Bombay,Mrs. Maud Smith,Rev. Justin E. Abbott, Bombay,Mrs. Camilla L. Abbott,Rev. Henry Fairbank, Vadala,Mrs. Minnie L. Sibley, Wai,Miss Emily R. Bissell, Ahmednagar,Miss Anna L. Millard, Bombay,Miss Jean P. Gordon, Wai,Miss Belle Nugent, Ahmednagar,Rev. Henry G. Bissell, Ahmednagar,Mrs. Theo. K. Bissell,Rev. Edward Fairbank, Ahmednagar,Mrs. Mary A. Fairbank,Miss Esther B. Fowler, Sholapur,Miss Mary Etta Moulton, Ahmednagar, Miss Mary B. Harding, Sholapur,Miss Louise H. Grieve, m . d ., Satara,Mrs. Emily W . Harding, Sholapur,Rev. William Hazen, Sholapur,Mrs. Florence Hartt Hazen,Lester H. Beals, m . d . , Sholapur,Mrs. Rose Fairbank Beals, m .d .,

Mr. Merrill A. Peacock, Sholapur,Mrs. Nellie L. Peacock,Rev. Byron K. Hunsberger, Bombay,Mrs. Elizabeth Hume Hunsberger,R.ev. Theodore S. Lee, Wai,Mrs. Hannah Hume Lee,Miss Ruth P Hume, m . d . , Ahmednagar, Rev. Alden H. Clark, Ahmednagar,Mrs. Mary W . Clark,Miss Edith Gates, Ahmednagar,Mary E. Stephenson, m . d . , Ahmednagar, Rev. Robert Ernest Hume, Ahmednagar, Mrs. Laura C. Hume,Charles H. Burr, Vadala,Mrs. Annie H. Burr,Miss Clara H. Bruce, Satara,Miss Elizabeth H. Viles, Ahmednagar,

Mr. David C. Churchill, Ahmednagar, 1907Mrs. Alice H. Churchill, 1907

Madura MissionRev. Hervey C. Hazen, Tirumangalam, 1867Mrs. Hattie C. Hazen, 1884Rev. John S. Chandler, Madura, 1873Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler, 1877Rev. James E. Tracy, Periakulam, 1877Mrs. Fannie S. Tracy, 1877Rev. John P. Jones, Pasumalai, 1878Mrs. Sarah A. Jones, 1878Miss Eva M. Swift, Madura, 1884Rev. James C. Perkins, Aruppukottai, 1885Mrs. Lucy C. Perkins, 1904Miss Mary M. Root, Madura, 1887Rev. Frank Van Allen, m . d ., Madura, 1888Mrs. Harriet D. Van Allen, 1888Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery, Dindigul, 1890Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery, 1890Rev. Edward P. Holton, Melur, 1891Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton, 1894Rev. Willis P. Elwood, Palani, 1891Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood, 1891Miss Mary T. Noyes, Madura, 1892Rev. Charles S. Vaughan, Manamadura, 1893Mrs. M. Ella Vaughan, 1893Rev. William M. Zumbro, Madura, 1894Mrs. Harriet S. Zumbro, 1907Rev. David S. Herrick, Madura, 1894Mrs. Dency T. M. Herrick, 1887Miss Harriet E. Parker, m . d ., Madura, 1895Rev. William W. Wallace, Madura, 1897Mrs. Genevieve T. Wallace, 1897Miss Helen E. Chandler, Madura, 1899Rev. John J. Banninga, Melur, 1901Mrs. Mary B. Banninga, 1901Rev. John X . Miller, Pasumalai, 1903Mrs. Margaret Y. Miller, 1903Miss Catherine S. Quickenden, Aruppukottai, 1906

Ceylon Mission

Miss Susan R. Howland, Uduvil, 1873Rev. Thomas B. Scott, m . d ., Manepay, 1893Mrs. Mary E. Scott, m . d . , 1893Miss Isabella H . Curr, m .d . , Inuvil, 1896Rev. Giles G. Brown, Uduppiddi, 1899Mrs. Clara L. Brown, 1899Miss Helen I. Root, Uduvil, 1899Rev. James H. Dickson, Tellippallai, 1900Mrs. Frances A. Dickson, 1900Miss Julia E. Green, Uduvil, 1906Miss Zillah W. Scott-Patten, Inuvil, 1907

Foochow MissionMrs. Hannah L. Hartwell, Pagoda Anchorage, 1858Rev. Joseph E. Walker, Shao-wu, 1872Henry T. Whitney, m . d ., Pagoda Anchorage, 1877Mrs. Lurie Ann Whitney, 1877Miss Ella J. Newton, Ponasang, 1878Miss Elsie M. Garretson, Ponasang, 1880Rev. George H. Hubbard, Pagoda Anchorage, 1884 Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard, 1884Miss Kate C. Woodhull, m . d ., Foochow, 1884Miss Hannah C. Woodhull, Foochow, 1884Rev. Lyman P. Peet, Foochow, 1888Mrs. Caroline K. Peet, 1887Rev. G. Milton Gardner, Foochow, 1889Mrs. Mary J. Gardner, 1889Hardman N. Kinnear, m .d . , Ponasang, 1889

19011901190019011!K)2190218891903190419041905190519051905190719071907

18621802186918701874188218751885187518751879187918811902188(518861886188718901890189218921893189318931894189719001900190019001902190519021902190319031903190319031904190419051906190719071907190719071907

1907] Missionaries

-'Ira. Ellen J. Kinnear, 1893Edward L. Bliss, m . d . , Shao-wu, 1892Mrs. Minnie B. Bliss, 1898Miss Caroline E. Chittenden, Ing-hok, 1892Miss Emily S. Hartwell, Foochow, 1896Rev. George W. Hinman, Foochow, 1898Mrs. Kate F. Hinman, 1898Miss Lucy P. Bement, m .d ., Shao-wu, 1898Miss Frances K. Bement, Shao-wu, 1898Miss Jean H. Brown, Foochow, 1899Miss Minnie Stryker, m . d . , Foochow, 1900Miss Josephine C. Walker, Shao-wu, 1900Miss Martha S. Wiley, Foochow, 1900Miss Harriet L. Osborne, Pagoda Anchorage, 1901 Rev. Edward H. Smith, Ing-hok, 1901Mrs. Grace W. Smith, 1901Rev. Lewis Hodous, Ponasang, 1901Mrs. Anna J. Hodous, 1901Miss Emily D. Smith, m . d . , Ing-hok, 1901Miss Alice U. Hall, Ponasang, 1904Mr. George M. Newell, Foochow, 1904Mrs. Mary R. Newell, 1906Rev. Charles L. Storrs, Jr., Shao-wu, 1904Miss Grace A. Funk, Shao-wu, 1906Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins, Pagoda Anchorage, 1907 Miss Ruth P. Ward, Ponasang, 1907

South China MissionRev. Charles R. Hager, m . d . , Hong Kong, Mrs. Marie von Rausch Hager,Rev. Charles A. Nelson, Canton,Mrs. Jennie M. Nelson,Miss Edna Lowrey, Canton,Miss Vida Lowrey, Canton,

North China MissionRev. Charles A. Stanley, Tientsin, 1862Mrs. Ursula Stanley, , 1862Rev. Chauncey Goodrich, Peking, 1865Mrs. Sarah B. Goodrich, 1879Rev. Mark Williams, Tung-chou, 1866Miss Mary E. Andrews, Tung-chou, 1868Miss Mary H. Porter, Peking, 1868Rev. Devello Z. Sheffield, Tung-chou, 1869Mrs. Eleanor W. Sheffield, 1869Rev. Arthur H. Smith, Pang-Chuang, 1872Mrs. Emma D. Smith, 1872Rev. William P. Sprague, Kalgan, 1874Mrs. Viette I. Sprague, 1893Rev. William S. Ament, Peking, 1877Mrs. Mary A. Ament, 1877Rev. Henry P. Perkins, Pao-ting-fu, 1882Mrs. Estella L. Perkins, m .d . , 1886Rev. Edwin E. Aiken, Pao-ting-fu, 1885Mrs. Rose M. Aiken, 1902James H. Ingram, m . d . , Tung-chou, 1887Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram, 1895Miss Luella Miner, Peking, 1887Miss H. Grace Wyckoff, Pang-Chuang, 1887Miss E. Gertrude Wyckoff, Pang-Chuang, 1887Miss Nellie N. Russell, Peking, 1890Miss Abbie G. Chapin, Tung-chou, 1893Rev. George D. Wilder, Tung-chou, 1894Mrs. Gertrude Stanley Wilder, 1893Rev. Charles E. Ewing, Tientsin, 1894Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing, 1894Rev. Howard S. Galt, Tung-chou, 1899Mrs. Louise A. Galt, 1899Rev. William B. Stelle, Peking, 1901Mrs. M. Elizabeth Stelle, 1899

188318971892189219071907

o f the Board 1 8 9

James H. McCann, Tientsin, 1901Mrs. Netta K. McCann, 1901Miss Bertha P. Reed, Peking, 1902Francis F. Tucker, m .d ., Pang-Chuang, 1902Mrs. Emma B. Tucker, 1902Miss Laura N. Jones, Pao-ting-fu, 1903Rev. Emery W. Ellis, Lintsing, 1904Mrs. Minnie C. Ellis, 1904Miss Jessie E. Payne, Peking, 1904Rev. Charles A. Stanley, Jr., Pang-Chuang, 1904Mrs. Louise H. Stanley, 1904Charles W. Young, m . d . , Peking, 1904Mrs. Olivia D. Young, 1904Miss Alice S. Browne, Tung-chou, 1905Miss Lucia E. Lyons, Pang-Chuang, 1905Miss Susan B. Tallmon, m .d ., Lintsing, 1905Miss May N. Corbett, Peking, 1906Miss Mabel A. Ellis, Tientsin, 1907

Shansi MissionRev. Ireneus J. Atwood, m . d ., Fen-cho-fu, 1882Mrs. Annette W. Atwood, 1882Willoughby A. Hemingway, m .d ., Tai-ku, 1903Mrs. Mary E. Hemingway, 1903Rev. Paul L. Corbin, Tai-ku, 1904Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin, 1904Miss Flora K. Heebner, Tai-ku, 1904Rev. Watts O. Pye, Fen-cho-fu, 1907Miss Daisie P. Gehman, Tai-ku, 1907

Japan Mission

Rev. Daniel C. Greene, Tokyo, 18C9Mrs. Mary J. Greene, 1869Rev. Jerome D. Davis, Kyoto, 1871Mrs. Frances H. Davis, 1883Mrs. Agnes H. Gordon, Kyoto, 1872Rev. John L. Atkinson, Kobe, 1873Miss Eliza Talcott, Kobe, 1873Rev. Wallace Taylor, m . d ., Osaka, 1873Mrs. Mary S. Taylor, 1873Miss Julia A. E. Gulick, Miyazaki, 1874Rev. John H. DeForest, Sendai, 1874Mrs. Elizabeth S. DeForest, 1874Rev. Dwight W. Learned, Kyoto, 1875Mrs. Florence H. Learned, 1875Miss Martha J. Barrows, Kobe, 187t>Miss H . Frances Parmelee, Matsuyama, 1877Rev. Otis Cary, Kyoto, 1878Mrs. Ellen M. Cary, 1878Rev. James H. Pettee, Okayama, 1878Mrs. Belle W. Pettee, 1878Miss Abbie M. Colby, Osaka, 1879Rev. George Allchin, Osaka, 1882Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin, 18*2Miss Adelaide Daughaday, Sapporo, 1883Miss Susan A. Searle, Kobe, 188:,Rev. Arthur W. Stanford, Kobe, 1886Mrs. Jane H. Stanford, 1886Rev. George M. Rowland, Sapporo, 1886Mrs. Helen A. Rowland, 1886Miss Cornelia Judson, Matsuyama, 1886Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, Otaru, 1887Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett, 1894Rev. Cyrus A. Clark, Miyazaki, 1887Mrs. Harriet M. Clark, 1887Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, Kyoto, 1887Mrs. Cara M. Gulick, 1887Miss Annie L. Howe, Kobe, 1887Miss Mary E. Wainwright, Okayama, 1887Rev. Horatio B. Newell, Matsuyama, 1887

190 Missionaries o f the Board [Report

Mrs. Jane C. Newell,Miss Mary F. Denton, Kyoto,Miss Gertrude Cozad, K5be,Miss Annie H . Bradshaw, Sendai,Rev. Hilton Pedley, Maebashi,Mrs. Martha J. Pedley,Miss Mary B. Daniels, Osaka,Miss Fannie E. Griswold, Maebashi,Rev. Schuyler S. White, Okayama,Mrs. Ida McL. White,Rev. William L. Curtis, Niigata,Mrs. Gertrude A. Curtis,Miss Elizabeth Torrey, Kobe,Miss Alice P. Adams, Okayama,Miss Lucy E. Case, Osaka,Rev. Henry J. Bennett, Tottori,Mrs. Anna J. Bennett,Miss Mary A. Holbrook, m . d . , Kobe,Rev. Morton D. Dunning, Kyoto,Mrs. Mary W. Dunning,Rev. Charles M. Warren, Matsuyama,Mrs. Cora Keith Warren,Rev. C. Burnell Olds, Miyazaki,Mrs. Genevieve W. Olds,Miss Olive S. Hoyt, Kobe,Miss Charlotte B. DeForest, K5be,Rev. Frank A. Lombard, Kyoto,Rev. Edward S. Cobb, Niigata,Mrs. Florence B. Cobb,Mrs. Amanda A. Walker, Kobe,Miss Elizabeth Ward, Osaka,Miss Julia C. Hocking, Kobe,Mr. Dana I. Grover, Kyoto,

Micronesian Mission

Rev. Hiram Bingham, residing at Honolulu, Rev. Alfred C. Walkup, Kusaie,Rev. Irving M. Channon, Ocean Island, Mrs. Mary L. Channon,Miss Ida C. Foss, Ponape,Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Kusaie,Miss Louise E. Wilson, Kusaie,Rev. Clinton F. Rife, m . d . , Mejuro,Mrs. Isadoro Rife,Miss Jennie Olin, Kusaie,Miss Elizabeth Baldwin, Truk,

Miss Jane D. Baldwin, Truk, 1898Rev. Martin L. Stimson, Truk, 1898Mrs. Emily B. Stimson, 1898Rev. Thomas Gray, Ponape, 1900Mrs. Leta D. Gray, 1900Mrs. Maria G. Jagnow, Truk, 1904Rev. Herbert E. B. Case, Guam, 1904

! Mrs. Ada R. Case, 1904j Rev. Philip A. Delaporte, Nauru, 1907

Mrs. Delaporte, 1907

Mission to the Philippinesj Rev. Robert F. Black, Davao, Mindanao, 1902j Mrs. Gertrude G. Black, 19015

Mexican MissionRev. John Howland, Guadalajara, 1882Mrs. Sara B. Howland, 1882Rev. James D. Eaton, Chihuahua, 1882

I Mrs. Gertrude C. Eaton, 1882j Rev. Alfred C. Wright, Parral, 188G

Mrs. Annie C. Wright, 188GMiss Ellen O. Prescott, Parral, 1888Miss Mary Dunning, Parral, 1889Rev. Horace T. Wagner, Hermosillo, 1894Mrs. Della McC. Wagner, 1895Miss Mary F. Long, Chihuahua, 1897Miss Alice Gleason, Guadalajara, 1901Miss Octavia.W. Mathews, Guadalajara, 1904Rev. Theodore F. Hahn, Guadalajara, 1904Mrs. Anna S. Hahn, 1904

Spanish MissionRev. William H. Gulick, Madrid, 1871Miss Alice H. Bushee, Madrid, 1892Miss Mary L. Page, Madrid, 1892Miss Anna F. Webb, Madrid, 1892Miss May Morrison, Madrid, 1904Miss Helen Winger, Madrid, 1904

Austrian Mission

Rev. Albert W. Clark, Prague, 1872Mrs. Ruth E. Clark, 1884Rev. John S. Porter, Prague, 1891

‘ Mrs. Lizzie L. Porter, 1893

1888188818881889188918871889188!)1890188818901890189018911892190119051901190219021902189919031903190319031904190419041905190619071907

185G1880189018901890189018931894189418971898

CORPORATE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD

19 0 7] Corporate Members of the Board 19 1

All male missionaries of the Board who have been seven years in service and still holding its commission are Corporate Members. Their names will be found in the preceding list of missionaries.

[The names under each state are arranged according to date of election]

Maine 1889. James M. W. Hall, Newton Center.187G. Rev. Frederick A. Noble, Phillips. 1890. Rev. John R. Thurston, Whitinsville.1883. Rev. William H. Fenn, Portland. 1890. Thomas Weston, Newton.1884. Rev. William P. Fisher, Brunswick. 1890. Rev. William W. Jordan, Clinton.1889. Pres. David N. Beach, Bangor. 1891. Rev. Charles H. Daniels, South Framingham.1890. Galen C. Moses, Bath. 1891. Rev. William G. Ballantine, Springfield.1892. George H. Eaton, Calais. 1891. Rev. Smith Baker, Lowell.1901. John M. Gould, Portland. 1894. Rev. James L. Barton, Newton Center.1905. Rev. Percival F. Marston, Lewiston. 1894. John E. Bradley, Randolph.1905. S. M. Came, Alfred. 1894. Rev. DeWitt S. Clark, Salem.1907. Rev. John H. Quint, Rockland. 1894. Charles A. Hopkins, Brookline.

1894. Rev. John H. Lockwood, Springfield.New Hampshire 1894. Rev. George E. Lovejoy, Lawrence.

1881. Rev. Franklin D. Ayer, Concord. 1895. Edward W. Chapin, Holyoke.1890. Edward P. Kimball, Portsmouth. 1895. W. Murray Crane, Dalton.1893. Pres. William J. Tucker, Hanover. 1895. William F. Whittemore, Boston.1894. Elisha R. Brown, Dover. 1895. Frank H. Wiggin, Boston.1896. Rev. Cyrus Richardson, Nashua. 1895. Rev. Charles M. Southgate, Newtonville.1896. Rev. Edward C. Ewing, Newcastle. 1895. Henry E. Cobb, Newton.1897. Rev. George E. Hall, Dover. 1895. Rev. Asher Anderson, Cambridge.1905. Henry C. Holbrook, m . d . , Penacook. 1895. Rev. Frank L. Goodspeed, Springfield.1906. Henry W. Lane, Keene. 1895.

1895.Thomas Todd, Concord.Rev. George A. Gordon, Boston.

Vermont 1895. Frederick Fosdick, Fitchburg.1871. Oliver O. Howard, Burlington. 1895. Rev. Willard Scott, Worcester.1877. Rev. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury. 1896. Rev. Arcturus Z. Conrad, Boston.1880. Rev. William S. Smart, Brandon. - 1896. Rev. Edward A. Reed, Holyoke.1890. Charles W. Osgood, Bellows Falls. 1896. Samuel Usher, Cambridge.1894. Gilbert M. Sykes, Dorset. 1896. William B. Plunkett, Adams.1896. Rev. Charles H. Dickinson, Middlebury. 1896. Rev. William E. Wolcott, Lawrence.1905. John M. Comstock, Chelsea. 1896. Charles N. Prouty, Spencer.1905. David M. Camp, Newport. 1896. Rev. Samuel V. Cole, Norton.1905. Rev. Lucius F. Reed, Montpelier. 1896. George E. Tucker, Ware.1905. H. Chester Jackson, m . d . , Woodstock. 1896. Charles E. Swett, Winchester.1905. H. M. Stevens, St. Albans. 1897. Samuel C. Darling, Somerville.1906. Rev. Harry R. Miles, Brattleboro. 1897. Rev. W. V. W. Davis, Pittsfield.1906. Rev. Clifford H. Smith, Pittsford. 1897.

1897.Edward Whitin, Whitinsville. Rev. Franklin S. Hatch, Newton.

Massachusetts 1897. John C. Berry, m . d ., Worcester.1867. Rev. Joshua W. Wellman, Malden. 1897. Rev. Albert F. Pierce, Campello.1874. Richard H. Stearns, Boston. 1897. Arthur H. Wellman, Malden.1875. A. Lyman Williston, Northampton. 1898. Henry H . Proctor, Boston.1876. Elbridge Torrey, Boston. 1899. Pres. George Harris, Amherst.1879. Rev. Elnathan E. Strong, Auburndale. 1899. Mortimer B. Mason, Boston.1883. Samuel B. Capen, Boston. 1899. Rev. Edward C. Moore, Cambridge.1886. G. Henry Whitcomb, Worcester. 1899. Miss Caroline Hazard, Wellesley.1886. Rev. George W. Phillips, Shrewsbury. 1900. Rev. William R. Campbell, Roxbury.1887. Rev. Arthur Little, Dorchester. 1900. Rev. Franke A. Warfield, Milford.1887. Rev. George A. Tewksbury, Concord. 1900. Rev. Robert M. Woods, Hatfield.1887. Rev. Alexander McKenzie, Cambridge. 1900. Rev. Edward S. Tead, Somerville.1887. Rev. George F. Pentecost, Northfield. 1900. George E. Keith, Campello.1888. Rev. Francis E. Clark, Auburndale. 1900. Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, Newton.1888. Pres. Henry Hopkins, Williamstown. 1901. Rev. Edward Y. Hincks, Andover.1888. Rev. Payson W. Lyman, Fall River. 1901. Rev. Philip S. Moxom, Springfield.1889. Rev. Albert E. Dunning, Brookline. 1901. Rev. Edward M. Noyes, Newton Center.1889. A. G. Cumnock, Lowell. 1901. Frank Wood, Boston.

192 Corporate Members o f the Board [Report

1902. Herbert A. Wilder, Newton.1902. Pres. L. Clarke Seelye, Northampton.1902. Rev. Frank K. Sanders, Boston.1902. Rev. Samuel L. Loomis, Bedford.1903. Frank A. Day, Newton.1903. Miss Mary E. Woolley, South Hadley.1903. A . H. Lowe, Fitchburg.1903. Luke W . Fowle, Woburn.1903. Lewis A. Crossett, North Abington.1903. Francis O. Winslow, Norwood.1904. Rev. John H. Denison, Boston.1905. Edward S. Rogers, Lee.1905. Rev. William E. Strong, New'tonville.1905. Rev. William W. Doman, Plymouth.1905. Francis A. Rugg, Greenfield.1906. Rev. Charles C. Merrill, Winchendon. 190G. Frederick A. Russell, Methuen.1906. Harry Wade Hicks, Melrose Highlands.1906. Rev. Edwin H. Byington, Beverly.1906. Rev. Albert P. Fitch, Boston.1907. Rev. George A. Hall, Brookline.1907. Seba A. Holton, Falmouth.1907. Lemuel L. Dexter, Mattapoisett.1907. Alvin L. Wright, South Hadley.

Rhode Island1877. Rev. James G. Vose, Providence.1894. Rev. James H. Lyon, Central Falls.1896. Rev. John A . MacColl, Providence.1897. Herbert J. Wells, Kingston.1898. Rowland G. Hazard, Peacedale.

Connecticut1876. Rev. Edward N . Packard, Stratford.1881. Lewis A . Hyde, Norwich.1882. Rev. Azel W. Hazen, Middletown.1882. Franklin Carter, New Haven.1885. Rev. George P. Fisher, New Haven. 1889. Rev. Lewellyn Pratt, N orwich.1889. Edwin H. Baker, Greenwich.1889. Rev. Chester D. Hartranft, Hartford.1890. N. D. Sperry, New Haven.1890. Rev. Samuel H. Howe, Norwich.1891. Rev. Joseph H. Twichell, Hartford.1892. Waterman R. Burnham, Norwich.1893. John H. Perry, Southport.1894. O. V. Coffin, .Middletown.1894. Rev. John G. Davenport, Waterbury.1894. Rev. William W. McLane, New Haven.1895. Rev. Watson L. Phillips, New Haven.1895. Rev. Joseph H. Selden, Greenwich.1896. Rev. Joseph Anderson, Woodmont.1896. George M. Woodruff, Litchfield.1896. Rev. John DePeu, Bridgeport.1897. Rev. Newman Smyth, New Haven.1897. Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, Hartford.1897. Rev. James W. Bixler, New' London.1897. Rev. Harlan P. Beach, New Haven.1897. Rev. F. B. Makepeace, Granby.1898. Rev. Calvin B. Moody, Bristol.1898. Rev. Wallace Nutting, Southbury.1899. Rev. Everett K. Lewis, Haddam.1899. George B. Burrall, Lakeville.1900. Rev. Arthur W. Ackerman, Torrington.1900. Rev. Frank S. Child, Fairfield.1901. David N. Camp, New Britain.1901. Rev. Edwin P. Parker, Hartford.1902. Charles R. Burt, Hartford.1902. Rev. Frank D. Sargent, Putnam.

1902. Rev. William H. Holman, Southport.1903. Henry H. Bridgman, Norfolk.1903. William H. Catlin, Meriden.1904. Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, Hartford.1904. Rev. Henry C. Woodruff, Bridgeport.1905. Charles A. Thompson, Ellington.1906. Daniel O. Rogers, New Britain.1906. Rev. Williston Walker, New Haven.1907. D. W . Williams, Glastonbury.1907. Rev. Theophilus S. Devitt, Branford.1907. Pres. William Douglas Mackenzie, Hartford,

New YorK1869. Rev. George N. Boardman, New York City.1876. Rev. Henry A. Stimson, New York City.1883. Rev. Henry L. Hubbell, New York City.1884. Rev. James W. Cooper, New York City.1888. Chester Holcombe, Rochester.1889. John D. Cutter, Brooklyn.1889. Rev. Charles C. Creegan, New York City.1890. Rev. William A. Robinson, Syracuse.1890. Rev. Samuel H. Virgin, New York City.1891. Joseph E. Brown, Brooklyn.1894. Rev. Franklin S. Fitch, Buffalo.1894. Charles A. Hull, Brooklyn.1894. Rev. Albert J. Lyman, Brooklyn.1894. Rev. Charles H. Richards, New York City.1894. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Brooklyn.1895. Lucien C. Warner, New York City.1895. David A. Thompson, Albany.1895. J. J. McWilliams, Buffalo.1896. Rev. William E. Griffis, Ithaca.1896. Rev. Lyman Abbott, New York City.1896. Thomas Y. Crowell, New Ti ork City.1896. Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York City.1896. Guilford Dudley, Poughkeepsie.1897. Rev. Robert J. Kent, Brooklyn.1897. Albro J. Newton, Brooklyn.1897. W. H. Nichols, Brooklyn.1898. Dyer B. Holmes, New York City.1899. Rev. Elliott C. Hall, Jamestown.1899. Grace N. Kimball, m.d., Poughkeepsie.1900. Rev. Newell D. Hillis, Brooklyn.1900. Mrs. Joseph Cook, Ticonderoga.1901. Frank S. Jones, Brooklyn.1902. Rev. N. McGee Waters, Brooklyn.1903. Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, Brooklyn.1904. Harry A. Flint, Syracuse.1905. Rev. Harry A. Lawrence, Carthage.1905. Charles Lee, Binghamton.1905. H. B. Olmstead, Walton.1906. Clarence H. Kelsey, New York City.1906. William H. Crosby, Buffalo.1907. Charles H. Aldrich, Riverliead.

New Jersey1891. Rev. Amory H. Bradford, Montclair.1894. Rev. William Hayes Ward, Newark.1906. James M. Speers, Montclair.

Pennsylvania1898. William H. Lambert, Philadelphia.1899. Rev. Thomas C. Edwards, Kingston.1903. H. J. Heinz, Pittsburg.1907. Edward B. Sturges, Scranton.

Ohio

1884. Pres. Charles F. Thwing, Cleveland.1887. Rev. William E. Park, Oberlin.

1907] Corporate Members o f the Board

1888. Rev. Washington Gladden, Columbus.1895. Rev. Caspar W. Hiatt, Cleveland.1895. Rev. Dan F. Bradley, Cleveland.1896. Rev. Henry M. Tenney, Oberlin.1897. Lucius F. Mellen, Cleveland.1897. Rev. Arthur H . Pearson, Oberlin.1898. William W. Mills, Marietta.1902. Pres. Henry C. King, Oberlin.1902. Rev. John R. Nichols, Marietta.1904. Rev. John W. Bradshaw, Oberlin.1904. Rev. Irving W. Metcalf, Oberlin.1905. Rev. Thomas D. Phillips, Chardon.1905. W. I. Chamberlain, Hudson.1905. S. S. Searles, Geneva.1906. Rev. Edward I. Bosworth, Oberlin.1906. John G. Jennings, Cleveland.1906. Edward H. Rhoades, Toledo.1906. Uriah S. Shelley, Ashland.1907. Pres. Alfred T. Perry, Marietta.1907. Frank L. Fairchild, Mount Vernon.1907. Rev. Dwight M. Pratt, Cincinnati.

Maryland1904. Rev. Oliver Huckel, Baltimore.

District o f Columbia1870. Rev. Edward.Hawes, Washington.1877. Rev. Eliphalet Whittlesey, Washington.1888. Rev. Frank P. Woodbury, Washington. 1891. Merrill E. Gates, Washington.1896. David J. Brewer, Washington.1907. John B. Sleman, Jr., Washington.

Florida1895. Rev. William H. Woodwell, Pomona.1906. Rev. Mason Noble, Lake Helen.

Tennessee1897. Rev. James G. Merrill, Nashville.

Louisiana1905. Rev. Richard V. Sims, New Iberia.

Texas1896. Rev. Homer T. Fuller, San Antonio.1907. Rev. Walter C. Veazie, Dallas.

Indiana

1906. Rev. Andrew U. Ogilvie, Elkhart.

Illinois1871. Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Chicago.1871. Ralph Emerson, Rockford.1875. Charles H. Bull, Quincy.1877. Charles H. Case, Chicago.1878. Joel K. Scarborough, Pavson.1886. Rev. Edward M. Williams, Oak Park.1888. Rev. G. S. F. Savage, Chicago.1889. Rev. E. F. Williams, Chicago.1889. Rev. William A. Waterman, Elgin.1891. Rev. Julian M. Sturtevant, Chicago.1891. Edward H. Pitkin, Oak Park.1892. Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, Chicago.1893. Rev. Frederick S. Hayden, Jacksonville.1893. Charles H. Hulburd, Chicago.1894. H . T. Lay, Kewanee.1894. Rev. Clarence A. Beckwith, Chicago.1895. Charles A. Webster, Galesburg.1895. David Fales, Lake Forest.

1897. Rev. Willard B. Thorp, Chicago.1897. Rev. Frank N. White, Chicago.1897. Pres. Thomas McClelland, Galesburg.1897. Rev. William H. Pound, Chicago.1899. Mrs. Mary P. H. Leake, Chicago.1899. Rev. Frederick E. Hopkins, Chicago. 1901. Rev. William E. Barton, Oak Park.1901. Thomas C. MacMillan, Chicago.1902. Rev. Sydney Strong, Chicago.1905. Thomas D. Catlin, Ottawa.1905. James Craig, Champaign.1905. Rev. Charles L. Morgan, Elgin.1906. H. H. Kennedy, Chicago.1906. Frank Kimball, Oak Park.1906. Rev. John C. Myers, Gridley.1907. M. A. Dean, Evanston.1907. Dr. D. K. Pearsons, Hinsdale.1907. Pres. Graham Taylor, Chicago.1907. James C. Hanna, Aurora.

Michigan1882. Pres. James B. Angell, Ann Arbor.1889. Rev. William H. Warren, Lansing.1892. George Parsons, Watervliet.1893. Frank D. Taylor, Detroit.1894. C. A. Gower, Lansing.1895. E. F. Grabill, Greenville.1904. Rev. R. W. McLaughlin, Grand Rapids.1904. H. J. Hollister, Grand Rapids.1906. Rev. Archibald Hadden, Muskegon.1906. George N. Stray, Ludington.1906. C. B. Stowell, Hudson.1907. G. C. Meisel, Port Huron.1907. Rev. Carl S. Patton, Ann Arbor.

Wisconsin

1876. Rev. Edward H. Merrell, Ripon.1887. Rev. George R. Leavitt, Beloit.1889. Rev. Alexander R. Thain, Wauwatosa.1889. Pres, Edward D. Eaton, Beloit.1894. John M. Whitehead, Janesville.1896. Rev. Eugene G. Updike, Madison.1899. Orrin H. Ingram, Eau Claire.1906. C. S. Kitchel, Milwaukee.

Minnesota1871. Rev. James W. Strong, Northfield.1890. George H. Rust, Minneapolis.1894. Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock, Minneapolis.1895. Rev. George R. Merrill, Minneapolis. 189G. William H. Laird, Winona.1898. Miss Margaret J. Evans, Northfield.1900. Pres. Cyrus Northrop, Minneapolis.1901. Lowell E. Jepson, Minneapolis.1902. Rev. Harry P. Dewey, Minneapolis.1903. David Percy Jones, Minneapolis.1905. Frederick W. Lyman, Minneapolis.190G. Charles H. Cooper, Mankato.1906. George E. Perley, Moorhead.

Iowa

1891. Nathan P. Dodge, Council Bluffs.1895. Rev. Alvah L. Frisbie, Des Moines.1896. Rev. William W. Gist, Cedar Falls.1897. Elliot S. Miller, Des Moines.1898. Rev. J. E. Snowden, Cedar Falls.1901. Mrs. J. F. Hardin, Eldora.1904. F. A. McCornack, Sioux City.

194 Corporate Members o f the Board [Report

1904.1905. 1905. 1905. 1907. 1907. 1907.

1887.1892.1897.1899.1905.1906.

1890.1897.190G.1906.1907.

1892.1905.1906.

1892.1894.1894.

1895.1905.1906. 1906.

1900.1906.1907.

1906.

1894.1895.

L. A. McMurray, Webster City.W. B. Whiting, Whiting.Rev. Wesley E. Bovey, Traer.Rev. William L. Bray, Sheldon.E. N. Coleman, Davenport.Rev. Frank W . Hodgdon, Des Moines. Rev. Herbert J. Hinman, Cresco.

MissouriRev. Thomas B. McLeod, St. Louis. Augustus W. Benedict, St. Louis.Rev. Charles S. Mills, St. Louis.Pres. J. H. George, Springfield.A . P. Hall, Springfield.Edward E. Holmes, Kansas City.

North DakotaRev. George B. Barnes, Fargo.Pres. Edmund M. Vittum, Fargo.Rev. George B. Denison, Cando. Newton C. Young, Fargo.Arthur D. Parker, Carrington.

South DakotaE. P. Wilcox, Yankton.A. Loomis, Redfield.Rev. George F,. Green, Fort Pierre.

NebraskaRev. John E. Tuttle, Lincoln.Rev. Motier A. Bullock, Lincoln.S. Storrs Cotton, Norfolk.Rev. Lewis Gregory, Lincoln.Pres. D. Brainerd Perry, Crete.Charles H. Tully, Grand Island.Rev. Lucius O. Baird, Omaha.

KansasM. V . B. Parker, Olathe Rev. Francis L. Hayes, Topeka.George A. Guild, Sabetha.

MontanaEdward H. Talcott, Livingston.

ColoradoRev. James B. Gregg, Colorado Springs. Rev. Frank T. Bayley, Denver.

New Mexico1906. Rev. Josiah H. Heald, Albuquerque.

Utah1890. Rev. John D. Kingsbury, Salt Lake City.

Idaho1906. Rev. Charles E. Mason, Mountain Home.

Washington1896. Pres. Stephen B. L. Penrose, Walla Walla.1902. Rev. Edward L. Smith, Seattle.1905. Edwin Eells, Tacoma.1905. Rev. Francis J. Van Horn, Seattle.

Oregon

1907. Pres. William N. Ferrin, Forest Grove.

C alifornia1871. Pres. John K. McLean, Berkeley.1876. Edward P. Flint, Oakland.1890. Rev. Hiram D. Wiard, Auburn.1890. Rev. Herbert W . Lathe, San Diego.1895. Rev. Walter Frear, Oakland.1895. Rev. Robert R. Meredith, Pasadena.1895. Rev. Jean F. Loba, Pasadena.1896. Rev. Charles R. Brown, Oakland.1897. Rev. George C. Adams, San Francisco.1903. J. Ross Clark, Los Angeles.1904. Rev. H. Melville Tenney, East Oakland.1905. George W . Marston, San Diego.1905. Rev. Cyrus G. Baldwin, Palo Alto.1906. Peter Cook, Rio Vista.1906. Pres. George A. Gates, Claremont.1907. Rev. John H. Williams, Redlands.

Hawaiian Islands

1899. Peter C. Jones, Honolulu.1899. Rev. Doremus Scudder, Honolulu.1906. William R. Castle, Honolulu.1907. Henry P. Baldwin, Honolulu.

Syria

1897. Pres. Howard S. Bliss, Beirut.

I9° 7] Members Deceased or Resigned J 9 5

CORPORATE MEMBERS DECEASED, RESIGNED, OR REMOVED FROM DISTRICT

Since January 1, 1905

[The names of Corporate Members deceased or resigned prior to January 1, 1905,Annual Reports for 1895 and 1905.]

Death or

Election Resignation Election

Vermont 1896. C. Delano Wood,1869. Charles F. Thompson, 1906 1894. Rev. E. P. Ingersoll,1877. Pres. M. H. Buckham, r., 1907 1871. D. Willis James,1905. Rev. B. M. Swift, removed, 1907

Pennsylvania

New Hampshire 1882. Rev. Frank Russell,1895. Rev. Fritz W. Baldwin, r., 1907 1876. Rev. Burdett Hart,1897. Charles P. Peirce, 1907

Ohio

Massachusetts 1896. Joseph C. Noyes, r.,1892. Rev. William H. Davis, 1905 1890. Walter A. Mahony, r .,

1897. James G. Buttrick, 1905Illinois1896. Samuel B. Shapleigh, r., 1905

1872. Rev. L. Henry Cobb, 1906 1883. William H. Rice,1884,1887.

Rev. Judson Smith, Elijah Swift,

19061906 Michigan

1892. Henry M. Moore, 1906 1894. Rev. Willard G. Sperry,1894. Edward F. Morris, 1906

Wisconsin1896. Charles J. Holmes, 19061904. Richard B. Borden, 1906 1895. Rev. Elihu C. Barnard, r . ,1906. Rev. S. M. Cathcart, rem oved, 1907

MissouriRev. Michael Burnham,

1881. Rev. Albert H. Plumb,

Connecticut

19071885.

1877. Rev. James G. Johnson, 1905 North Dakota

1895. Rev. Russell T. Hall, 1905 1906. Rev. H. K. Hawley, removec.

1896. Lucian D. Warner, 1905Kansas1877. Nathaniel Shipman, 1906

1896. Rev. George B. Stevens, 1906 1904. Warren M. Crosby,1896. James B. Williams, 1906

California

New York 1895. Rev. W. F. Day, r .,

1887. John F. Anderson, Jr., 1905 1905. Rev. R. B. Larkin, removed.

1871. Rev. Simon J. Humphrey, 1906 1886. Rev. C. A. Dickinson,

be found in

D eath or

Resignation19061907 1907

19051906

19061907

1905

1900

1906

1905

1907

1907

190719071907

1 9 6 Officers o f the Board [Report

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD

E lected S erv ice ended E lected S erv ice endedPresidents 1865. Rev. Andrew L. Stone, 1866

1810. John Treadwell, 1820 1865. James M. Gordon, 18761823. Rev. Joseph Lyman, 1826 1866. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 18751826. John Cotton Smith, 1841 1868. Ezra Farnsworth, 18891841. Theo. Frelinghuysen, 1857 1869. Rev. Edmund K. Alden, 18761857. Rev. Mark Hopkins, 1887 1870. J. Russell Bradford, 18831887. Rev. Richard S. Storrs, 1897 1870. Joseph S. Ropes, 18941897. Rev. Charles M. Lamson, 1899 1875. Rev. Egbert C. Smyth, 18861899. 'Samuel B. Capen, 1876.

1876.Rev. Edwin B. Webb, Charles C. Burr,

19001900

Vice-Presidents 1876. Elbridge Torrey, 18931810. Rev. Samuel Spring, 1819 1878. Rev. Isaac R. Worcester, 18821819. Rev. Joseph Lyman, 1823 1882. Rev. Albert H. Plumb, 19031823. John Cotton Smith, 1826 1883. William P. Ellison, 19031826. Stephen Van Rensselaer, 1839 1884. Rev. Charles F. Thwing, 18861839. Theo. Frelinghuysen, 1841 1880. Rev. Edward S. Atwood, 18881841. Thomas S. Williams, 1857 1886. Rev. Charles A. Dickinson, 18921857. William Jessup, 1864 1888. Rev. Francis E. Clark, 18921864. William E. Dodge, 1883 1889. G. Henry Whitcomb, 19051883. Eliphalet W. Blatchford, 1897 1893. A. Lyman Williston, 18941897. D. Willis James, 1900 1893. Rev. James G. Vose, 18991900. Rev. Henry Hopkins, 1906 1893. Henry D. Hyde, 1897190G. Rev. Albert J. Lyman, 1907 1893. James M. W. Hall, 19051907. Rev. Henry C. King, 1893.

1893.Rev. John E. Tuttle, Rev. William W. Jordan,

18941904

Prudential Committee 1893. Rev. Elijah Horr, 19041810. William Bartlett, 1814 1894. Charles A. Hopkins, 19041810. Rev. Samuel Spring, 1819 1894. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, 18991810. Rev. Samuel Worcester, 1821 1896. Rev. William H . Davis, 19051812. Jeremiah Evarts, 1830 1897. Samuel C. Darling, 19061815. Rev. Jedediah Morse, 1821 1899. Rev. Edward C. Moore.1818. William Reed, 1834 1900. Rev. Francis E. Clark, 19061819. Rev. Leonard Woods, 1844 1900. Edward Whitin, 19071821. Samuel Hubbard, 1843 1903. Rev. Arthur L. Gillett.1821. Rev. Warren Fay, 1839 1903. Francis O. Winslow.1828. Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner, 1835 1904. Herbert A. Wilder.1831. Rev. Elias Cornelius, 1832 1904. Edward M. Noyes.1832. Samuel T. Armstrong, 1850 1904. John Hopkins Denison.183-. Charles Stoddard, 1873 1905. Frederick Fosdick, 19061834. John Tappan 1864 1905. Arthur H. Wellman.1835. Daniel Noyes, 1846 1905. Rev. Francis J. Van Horn, 19061837. Rev. Nehemiah Adams, 1869 1906. Charles A. Hopkins.1839. Rev. Silas Aiken, 1849 1906. Albert P. Fitch.1843. William W . Stone, 1850 1906. Henry H. Proctor.1845. William J. Hubbard, 1859 1906. Rev. Edwin H. Byington, 19071849. Rev. Augustus C. Thompson, 1893 1907. Rev. George A. Hall.1850. William T. Eustis, 18681850. John Aiken, 1865 Corresponding Secretaries

1851. Daniel Safford, 1856 1810. Rev. Samuel Worcester, 182118TA. Henry Hill, 1865 1821. Jeremiah Evarts, 18311856. Rev. Isaac Ferris, 1857 1831. Rev. Elias Cornelius, 18321856. Walter S. Griffith, 1870 1832. Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner, 18351856. Rev. Asa D. Smith, 1863 1832. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 18661857. Alpheus Hardy, 1886 1832. Rev. David Greene, 18481859. Linus Child, 1870 1835. Rev. William J. Armstrong, 18471860. William S. Southworth, 1865 1847. Rev. Selah B. Treat, 18771863. Rev. Albert Barnes, 1870 1848. Rev. Swan L. Pomroy, 18591863. Rev. Robert R. Booth, 1870 1852. Rev. George W. Wood, 187118C5. Abner Kingman, 1877 1865. Rev. Nathaniel G. Clark, 1894

1 Member of the Prudential Committee, e x officio

1907] Officers o f the Board 197

E lected Service ended E lected Service ended1876. Rev. Edmund K. Alden, 1893 1854. James M. Gordon, 18651880. Rev. John O. Means, 1883 1865. Langdon S. Ward, 18951884. Rev. Judson Smith, 1906 1896. Frank H. Wiggin.1893. Rev. Charles H. Daniels, 19031894. Rev. James L. Barton. Assistant Treasurer1904. Rev. Cornelius H . Patton. 1895. Frank H. Wiggin, 1896

Assistant Corresponding Secretaries Auditors1824. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 1832 1810. Joshua Goodale, 18121828. Rev. David Greene, 1832 1812. Samuel H. Walley, 1813

Editorial Secretaries1813. Charles Walley, 18141814. Chester A dams, 1817

1894. Rev. Elnathan E. Strong (E m eritu s iqof). 1817. Ashur Adams, 18221907. Rev. William E. Strong. 1822. Chester Adams, 1827

1827. William Ropes, 1829Associate Secretaries 1829. John Tappan, 1834

1906. Harry Wade Hicks. 1829. Charles Stoddard, 18321906. Rev. William E. Strong, 1907 1832. William J. Hubbard, 1842

1834. Daniel Noyes, 1835Recording Secretaries 1835. Charles Scudder, 1847

1810. Rev. Calvin Chapin, 1843 1842. Moses L. Hale, 18681843. Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1847 1847. Samuel H. Walley, 18761847. Rev. Samuel M. Worcester, 1866 1867. Joseph S. Ropes, 18701866. Rev. John O. Means, 1881 1868. Thomas H. Russell, 18761881. Rev. Henry A. Stimson. 1870. Avery Plumer, 1887

1874. Richard H. Stearns, 1875Assistant Recording Secretaries 1875. Elbridge Torrey, 1876

1836. Charles Stoddard, 1839 1876. James M. Gordon, 18921839. Rev. Bela B. Edwards, 1842 1876. Arthur W. Tufts, 18921842. Rev. Daniel Crosby, 1843 1887. Joseph C. Tyler, 18891888. Rev. Edward N. Packard. 1889. Samuel Johnson, 1897

1892. Richard H. Steams, 1896Treasurers 1892. Edwin H. Baker.

1810. Samuel H. Walley, 1811 1896. Elisha R. Brown, 19011811. Jeremiah Evarts, 1822 1897. Henry E. Cobb.1822. Henry Hill, 1854 1901. William B. Plunkett.

Honorary Members [Report

HONORARY MEMBERS

From September i, 1905, to September 1, 19071

MaineRich, Mary Blanche

New HampshireBlood, Bertha D.Chase, Miss Harriett Louise Fiske, Mrs. William Hatch, David P., Jr.Hatch, Mrs. Cora J.Langdale, Rev. Thomas G. Senter, Mrs. Harriet P.Shepard, John S.Stevens, Mrs. Grace E.Whitley, Rev. John E.

VermontJames, Curtis H.Pratt, Rev. Arthur P.Thorpe, Rev. Walter Vaughan, Mrs. Angie

MassachusettsAllen, Mary E. P.Allen, Mrs. Minnie E.Allis, Clarence I.Allis, Irving Anderson, Miss Mary Andrews, Lewellyn H.Ashley, Mrs. Jennie L.Babcock, James Ball, Lucian E.Ball, Stanley C.Bardin, James E.Bardwell, Mrs. Sarah Gleason Barton, Claire C.Beisiegel, Mrs. J. Jacob Bellinger, Ethel M.Bradley, Susan C.Brewer, Margaret S.Bridges, Miss Emeline P.Briggs, Mrs. Mary J.Bunce, Philip D., m . d .Oahoon, Annie C.Chadwick, Luna Chamberlain, Susan A.Chase, Mrs. Jane E. F. Chisholm, Lila A.Church, Elia M.Clapp, Hattie F.Coohdge, Andrew Cram, Frank W .Cutter, Frederick S.Deming, Rev. Vernon H.Dole, Arthur C.Dooly, Mrs. John Drury, Miss Ella M.Dunham, Rosabel S.Emrich, Rev. R. Stanley Merrill Ewing, William C.Field, Howard C.Foster, Frederic J.Fraser, Ella D.Fuller, Rev. Augustus Hemenway Haworth, Agnes R.Hazen, Rev. Frank W.Hooker, Mrs. Annie M.Hooper, Evelyn D.Hyde, Rev. Albert M., d . d . Jones, Judith L.

Julien, Rev. Matthew C. Keig, J. Otto Keith, Helen Ford Landre, Miss Emma S.Lane, Amy S.Lane, Susan K.Little, Homer P.Littlejohn, Rev. D. C. Lothrop, Sarah L.Mather, Horace E.Meriam, Marshall Meyer, Herman W.Muzzy, Lewis C.Nickerson, Jennie M.Norris, Z. A.Norris, Mrs. Z. A.Paisley, Rev. John O. Palmer, Dea. Frank R. Pingree, Rev. Arthur H. Pitcher, Franklin W. Pomeroy, Alice M. L. Puddefoot, Rev. William G. Rice, Dea. W. B.Russell, Herbert O.Sargent, Mrs. Lydia M. Sawyer, Horace F.Sayer, William L.Sherman, Edward D.Shute, Charles H.Shute, Mrs. Mary M.Smith, Howard J.Stevens, Ezra H.Stevens, Mary Channell Sutherland, Cora M. Sutherland, Karl E. Sutherland, Mrs. Minnie J. Swallow, Mrs. Lizzie A. Thompson, Benjamin T. Travis, Warren C.Upton, Irving H.Vincent, Mrs. Ida Ware, Mrs Jennie I.Warren, Jennie E.Washburn, Frederick A. Washburn, Mrs. M. J.Webb, Rev. William H., d . d . Weeden, Rev. Charles F. Wellington, Miss Ada H. Whitcomb, David Whitcomb, Elizabeth S. Whitcomb, Ernest M.White, Dennis L.Wiggin, Mrs. Mary O. Wilder, Alice S.Wilder, Rev. Charles I. Wilkins, Miss Ellie B.

Rhode IslandLathrop, Helen Saunders

ConnecticutBaxter, William G.Beers, Mrs. Emily Jennings Bidwell, John C.Clarke, Miss C. E.Cooper, George H.Delzell, Rev. F. E.Deyo, John M.Fairchild, Eugene Foiren, Miss Lusie Gardner, Rev. Harold I.

Goodwin, Henry H.Hall, William H.Hill, Rev. Fred B.Kingsbury, Mrs. J. P.Lane, Dr. John E.Marsh, Emily E.Morse, Elmore E.Osgood, Mrs. Mary R.Payne, Miss Elizabeth W.Pratt, Dea. H. M.Relyea, James A.Schultz, Fdwin W.Searle, Mrs. Lula M.Sears, Mrs. Evelyn Lay Sheldon, Marian A.Sherwood, Miss Sarah Wakeman Silliman, Miss Caroline Smith, Carrie I.Stimson, Philip Moen Stoughton, George H.Upson, Claire B.Wheeler, Jennie R.Wilcox, Albert H.Wilcox, Dea. Henry B.Wilcox, W. J.Yahnig, William T.

New YorttClark, Mrs. John B. Doane, Howard F.Everett, Willard French, Warren C.Gage, Rev. C. Brownell Hager, Rev. Charles S. Hume, Rev. Robert Ernest Laing, John C.Leverich, Mrs. Lemona A. Otis, T. P.Vickrey, Rev. Charles V.

New Jersey

Dill, Hon. James B.Eddy, Rev. David Brewer Eddy, Josephine Russell

PennsylvaniaDrisko, Rev. Raymond C. Parshall, Mrs. Carrie Dinsmore

OhioBerry, George R.Burkholder, Rev. Clarence M. Curtiss, Miss Mary A.Evans, Richard N.Hoyt, Rev. John L.Marsh, Rev. William B. Robinson, Charles H. Thatcher, Winthrop F., m . d . Thomson, Miss Fannie E.

Georgia

Lane, Wilfred C.

Texas

Evans, Hobart Y.

1 The names of all Honorary Members constituted such from the beginning up to 1870 may be found in the Annual Report for that year; those constituted from 1870 to 1875, in the Report for 1875 ¡those from 18(5 to 18 , in the Report for 1880; those from 1880 to 1880, in the Report for 1885; those from 1885 to 1890, m theReport for 1890; those from 1890 to 1895, in the Report for 1895 ; those from 1895 to 1900, in the Report for 1JW; and those from 1900 to 1905, in the Report for 1905. The full list is omitted here to save expense.

i9°7]

OklahomaAvery, Rev. Oliver P. Rogers, Rev. Osgood W .

IllinoisCowdin, Miss Sarah E. Dow, Miss Elsie Evans, Rev. William Geisweller, Dea. W. H. Johnston, J. W.Nash, Mary A.Shaw, Hosea B.

Michigan

Freese, John P.Patch, James E.Strickland, Rev. George D. Sweet, Rev. Milo J.

Iowa

Carey, E. M. Gurley, R. H. Gurley, Mrs. R. H. Lane, Wallace R.

Honorary Members

Mudge, Mr. J. W.Noble, Miss Mary Shatto, Charles R.Shatto, Mrs. Charles R.

MinnesotaBishop, Miss Frances G. Carroll, Walter N.Dean, Rev. Edwin B.Dean, Mrs. Georgia De Con George, Mrs. Alice Gregg, Miss Nellie Washburn, Miss Julia Watson, Miss Isabella

North DakotaBliss, Rev. Francis C. Conkle, Rev. N. W.

South DakotaMattson, Rev. Bernard G.

NebraskaHanford, Rev. Samuel I.

I99

ColoradoHatch, L. G.Loud, Harriet

KansasCrosby, Warren M. Gray, A. D.Harrington, Rev. M. O. Hayes, Rev. Francis L. Perine, Mrs. Mary E. Smith, Mrs. Mary S.

I Thayer, Rev. Henry E.

WashingtonEells, Edwin, Jr.Teel, Marie Arvilla

! Teel, Mary Arvilla Webster j Wickware, Cabot W.

Wickware, Mrs. Alice P.

! Californiaj Scudder, Rev. William H. 1 Smith, L. N.