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COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
I. AMERICA A. Spanish Colonial(1765- 1803)
1.colonies: Florida, Southern Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Arizona, Southern California, Mexico, Peru2.Building types:
Pueblos or civic town settlements Presidios or military bases Missions or churches
3.Architectural character Indigenous materials
Lime mortar with oyster shell aggregate adobe
Single storey with high ceiling Roofing evolved from thatched, red clay tiles and flat roof Vigas – portruding wooden beams Baroque elements Parapets
4.Structures:A. Mission San Xavier del bac
LOCATION
Tucson, Arizona DESIGNER
unknown
EXTERIOR White stucco walls ornate facade
INTERIOR mesquite wooden doors ornaments: statues, frescoes, moulding, paintings Latin cross layout
B. Castillo de San Marcos Fort
LOCATION -shore of Matanzas Bay, St. Agustine, Florida DESIGNER
-Engineer Ignacio Daza EXTERIOR
- Limestone : “coquina” -bastion system
C. Mission San Francisco de Asis
2. LOCATION
-Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico DESIGNER
-unknown EXTERIOR
- sculpted adobe walls -two bell towers -entrance with buttress
INTERIOR -with vigas or wooden ceiling beams
B. English colonial 1.colonies: Virginia, California, East Florida, West Florida, Carolinas, Georgia2.Building types:
Churches Houses
3.Architectural character Timber construction
Oak and Red Cedar Thatched roof Bricks Imported glass from England lined with lead Chimneys
4.StructuresA. St. Luke's Church
LOCATION -Smithfield, Virginia
DESIGNER -unknown
EXTERIOR -brickwork - steep pitched roof -Crow-stepped gables -eelipitical windows quoins
INTERIOR -destroyed
B. French Colonial 1.colonies: New Orleans, Louisiana, Mississippi River Valley, Missouri, Canada2.Building types
Forts Houses Churches Chateus Plantation houses
3.Architectural character Types of construction:
Poteaux-en-terre (posts on earth)
briquette-entre-poteaux (bricks between posts) potteaux sur sole (posts on a sill)
Large windows and french doors Steep or double-pitched roof Chimneys Shingles for roofing porch
4.structures:A. Buldoc House
LOCATION
-St. Genevieve, Mississippi DESIGNER - unknownn EXTERIOR
- steep double-pitched roof -shingle roofing -Chimneys -Frencdoors - Poteaux-en-terre construction
INTERIOR -N/A
B. Lafitte’s Blacksmith Shop
LOCATION
- New Orleans DESIGNER
unknownn EXTERIOR
- steep double-pitched roof -shingle roofing -Chimneys -Frencdoors - briquette-entre-poteaux construction
INTERIOR -N/A
C. Chateau St. Louis
LOCATION
- Quebec DESIGNER
-unknownn
EXTERIOR - steep roof -shingle roofing -Chimneys -porch -large windows
INTERIOR -N/A
B. Georgian Colonial 1.Colonies: Canada, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hamsphire, Delaware, New
York, New Jersey, North and South Carolina2.Building types
Houses Mansions Churches
3.Architectural character Materials- Bricks andwhite painted wood Wooden column Multiple chimneys Has formal rooms instead of areas Roofs- Double slanted, Gable or hipped roof, crowned with balustrade Symmetrical plan and design Entrances- with pediments that is supported by a doric column
4.Structures:A. Mount Pleasant Mansion
2. LOCATION
Philiadelphia, Pennsylvania DESIGNER
-Arch. Thomas Nevell EXTERIOR
-bricks -Multiple chimneys -Symmetrical plan and design -Entrances- with pediments that is supported by a doric column -balustrade on roof
INTERIOR - cabinets with pediments and column mouldings
B. Massachusetts Hall
3.
LOCATION -Harvard University, Massachusetts
DESIGNER - Arch. John Leverett
EXTERIOR - brick wall -symetrical -presence of balustrade and chimbeys -large windows
INTERIOR -altered
B. Dutch Colonial 1.Colonies: New Amsterdam, Hudson River Valley (New York), and Bergen (New Jersey)2.Building types
Houses Farmhouses
3.Architectural character Materials- bricks and stones Gambrel roof Dutch doors Symmetrical or balanced asymmetrical facade Flared eaves 1 and ½ storey or 2 storey Side entry Dormer windows Gable end chimneys Covered porch with overhanging roof supported by decorative column
4.Structures:A. N/A
2.
LOCATION -N/A
DESIGNER -N/A
EXTERIOR - side entry -dormer windows -gambrel roof -gable end chimneys -bricks -porch
INTERIOR -N/A