American Foreign Policy 1890 - 1918

I. American attitudes towards Internationalism ( _________________)

A. The U.S. was rapidly industrializing, international __________ was growing. Did this mean that the U.S. should compete with ___________ for colonies?

B. Arguments for American expansion1.

2.

3.

C. Arguments against American expansion

1.

2.

3.

Imperialism

TradeEurope

Against democratic ideology, hurts reputation

Increases chances of being pulled into a war

Cost of running an empire is expensive

Economic: Raw materials and markets

Military bases around the world / Power

Racism / White man’s burden / Manifest Destiny

II. The United States steps into world diplomacy (Internationalism / ________________

A. Alfred T. Mahan writes the book, “The Influence of ________ Power on History.”

1. The United States builds 9 new cruisers including the ____________2. By 1900, the United States has one of the most powerful _________

B. The “Opening” of _____________1. Commodore Mathew Perry sailed to Japan and showed off the U.S. ____________.2. Japan almost immediately opens trade relations with the _______

Imperialism

Sea

U.S.S. Maine

Navies

Japan – Remember the U.S. wants to get close to China.

NavyU.S.

C. Competition for ______________ of _____________ in __________1. Japan, after wars with China and Russia gained economic and political control (______________ of _______________) over Korea, Taiwan, and Manchuria

2. Soon after, ______________, _____________, Russia, and Great Britain all tried and did receive ____________ of ____________. The U.S. feared that its trade with ___________ would be cut off.

3. The United States issues the _____________ ____________ Notes.

a. Europe and Japan should allow open trade with China. There should be no __________________ with tradeb. All nations should respect ___________________ territorial integrity.

4. The ______________ Rebellion caused the European and Japanese forces to use military power against China. After putting down the rebellion, the U.S. led the way in preaching that China’s territory should not be taken. The U.S. sends out a second set of ______________ ________________ ____________

Spheres Influence China

Spheres Influence

Germany FranceSphere Influence

China

Open Door

restrictionsChina’s

Boxer

Open Door Notes

D. Other Pacific Territories brought into the U.S. __________________.

1. Hawaii is taken by sugar and fruit growers: __________ actually leads the rebellion against queen Liliuokalani, and when he gets in trouble he calls in help from the U.S. ______________. The U.S. forces the queen from the thrown and ____________ Hawaii

2. The U.S. and Germany almost go to war over the __________ islands, before they decided to split them. The U.S. wanted these little Islands for ___________ ______________ stations.

Empire

Dole

Marines

Annexed

Samoan

Coal Refueling

E. ________________ American War

1. The people of ______________ rebelled against Spanish rule. Eventually the U.S. stepped in and won a very convincing and easy war against ______________ in the late 1800’s.

2. Causes of the war.a. _____________ ____________: Lies and over exaggerations of the events in Cuba.

b. Sinking of the U.S.S. ___________. Once again _____________ journalism helped make it look like the ____________ did it, but it was probably that our coal was too close to the furnace.

c. Economic and military reasons: The U.S. is always looking for more ______ ______________ and naval _________as well as new _________________ (We were looking at getting closer to _________ and grabbing the _________________.

d. Jingoism: _______________ - pride in ones country

Spanish

Cuba

Spain

Yellow Journalism

Maine Yellow

Spanish

Raw Materials basesMarkets China

Phillipines

Nationalism

3. “_________________ Little ________”.a. Cuba falls thanks to Teddy Roosevelt and the Roughriders charge up _____ ________ Hill.b. The Philippines fall after a naval attack at ____________ Bay.

4. Results of the War.a. The U.S. gained Puerto Rico and Guam.b. _______ gained its independence.c. The U.S. gained the Philippines at the bargain price of 20 million dollars.d. Debate over possessing the Philippine Islands.

Reasons For:

Reasons Against:

Splendid War

San JuanManila

Cuba

1. Keep Philippines from other powers2. Trade near China3. (Racism – They “need” our civilization4. Natural Resources and Markets

1. Taking freedom and Democracy away from others2. Cost of Empire is expensive3. Cause of future war4. Disease (malaria) will plague occupying forces

F. Latin American Affairs

1. Roosevelt's _____________ to the ____________ _____________: stated that if a ________________ in the Western Hemisphere was in debt to a _______________ nation, the U.S. would intervene until such debt was paid off. Under this Corollary, the U.S. sent troops to the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Cuba.

2. America “steal” ______________ from _______________: (Roosevelt)

3. Taft’s “____________ _______________”: Taft felt the U.S. had the right to intervene with Western Hemisphere nations that could not repay their debts to the U.S. we could send _____________________. This was used in Nicaragua.

4. Wilson also used force in Latin America to create peace in Latin America. He sent troops to Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and his most serious problem in ________________

Corollary Monroe Doctrine

CountryEuropean

Panama Columbia

Dollar Diplomacy

Troops

Mexico – chasing Poncho Villa

Neutrality and World War I

I. Europe enters into World War I in __________.

A. European causes of WWI?1. Colonization2. 3. 4. 5.

B. Which of these causes was the United States involved in when we went to war with Spain and sent the Open Door Notes?

II. American Opinions about World War I

A. Due to the amount of ____________________ in our country, it would be hard to determine which side the Americans should be on.

1914

MilitarismAlliance systemImperialismNationalism

Imperialism

Immigrants

B. America decides to follow a foreign policy of _______________________ from _________ to _________.

1. Between the years 1897 and 1914, American overseas investments jumped 5 fold: 700 million to 3.5 billion dollars. America is now heavily involved in the _____________ economy. What new fears would America have if our country went to war?

2. The United States dislikes the British ____________________ of Europe as well as German ___________________ submarine warfare. Once again, who should the U.S. fight?3. Women, who are gaining a political voice, yet still do not have the right to vote, strongly push for ______________4. Businessmen begin to press the United States to at least prepare for war. At this point in time, America had a standing army of approximately 25,000 troops. This was among the ____________________ in the world.

Neutrality1914 1917

World

-Cost of War – not being able to sell goods overseas

BlockadeUnrestricted

Peace

Smallest

III. Wilson (from neutrality to war)

A. Wilson’s campaign slogan fro reelection was, “He ___________ us _______ ____ ________.” By the end of his 2nd term, Wilson will have taken America into the first __________ _________

B. What made the U.S. move from peace to war? (Great essay question????)

1. Unrestricted _____________ _____________ was beginning to really upset Americans.

2. The __________________ note was a letter written from __________________ to ________________ to try to get __________________ to declare war on the United States.

3. The Russian Czar is overthrown by the _____________________ Revolution. This draws the U.S. closer to war because it looks like ______________________ may now have a chance to win the war instead of it ending in a ____________________. This upset businessmen who had a great deal of money invested in ____________________4. Wilson finally states that, “The ____________ must be made safe for __________________.”

Kept

Out Of WarWorld War

Submarine Warfare

ZimmermanGermany Mexico

Mexico

Bolshevik

GermanyDraw

England

WorldDemocracy

I. America During WWI, The Home Front

A. Wilson takes complete control over the ________________. This went beyond regulation. Wilson felt that he could end the war _____________.

1. Liberty ___________. Americans ___________ money to the _________________. When the war finished, they would get their money back with __________________. The government uses the money to pay for the ________.

2. Wilson and Congress create new regulatory agencies in order to control the economy.

a. ___________ Administration controlled coal, oil, and gas b. War ___________ Board Controlled overseas trade. c. National War ____________ Board worked with labor

unions so they would not go on _________. d. _________ Administration controlled food consumption.

-Ration Stamps -__________________ Wednesdays -__________________ Mondays

Economy

QuickerBonds Loaned

GovernmentInterest

War

FuelTrade

LaborStrike

Food

WheatlessMeatless

B. Some Labor Unions try to take advantage of the war. 1. The IWW or _________________ __________________ of the ________

were a radical socialist group. a. They went on _________ to get even higher pay b. Many of the leaders of this group were targeted by the

________________ and thrown in jail. 2. ___________________ strikes were held by small unions. The

government put these down as well. C. Wilson repressed Civil Liberties during the war

1. Espionage Act stated that you could not interfere with the ________. This included no protesting

2. Sedition Act stated that people could not interfere with Bonds or protest against the ___________________.

3. Is it o.k. that Wilson through away American’s ___ Amendment Rights? 4. ____________ v. United States: The government, during times of war or

national emergency, can suspend our rights. “You can’t shout __________ in a crowded theater.” (Our Rights are not ________________.)

Industrial Workers World

Strike

GovernmentWildcat

Draft

War Effort1st

Schenck

FireAbsolute

D. Cultural Change 1. _________________ and _________________ gain access to jobs they

traditionally could not get. This really helps Women win ______________ after the war.

2. ___________________ is finally passed ( 18th Amendment) a. This Amendment outlawed the _________, _____________________,

and _____________________ of alcohol. b. Some say it was to help stop crime and drunkenness c. A major reason for the Amendment was pressed by the Food

Administration. Troops needed ___________ not __________. d. One negative result of this Amendment was the growth of

_______________ ___________.

Women African AmericansSuffrage

Prohibition Sale Transportation

Manufacture

Bread Beer

Organized Crime

I. The Allies win the war

A. At first the United States could only send ___________________. This is because of the size of our Army. We were not ready.

B. Most American’s began to back the “ War to ________ all _________.”

The draft is not met with riots.

C. Eventually the Americans send over _____ million military personnel. 1. The American Expeditionary Force (AEF) was led by General

Pershing. 2. American Troops were nicknamed _______________________. 3. Due to Army ____________________ rules, many of our best

fighters, who were African Americans, fought with other nations. The French wrote many letters stating how foolish the United States was to not keep these great soldiers.

D. Convoys armed with Destroyers which had Sonar and depth charges

finally defeated the German __________________. Thanks to this, Americans brought over massive amounts of weapons, supplies, and troops. This tipped the scales in Europe.

E. Eventually, on November 11, 1918 at 11:00 a.m. an Armistice was started.

This day is now called ____________________ Day.

F. 50,000 Americans died. (Check casualties and costs of war)

Money

End Wars

2

DoughboysSegregation

Submarines

Veterans

I. Global Peacemaker or More Isolation? Should the United States lead the World or try to hide from it?

A. Wilson wanted to flex American power and control the post war

_________. 1. Wilson creates his ___________________.

a. No more secret ___________________ b. Freedom of the _________ c. Respect and/or free ____________________ d. Break up the Automan Empire and allow self-

_________________ of the old nations. e. ***Create the ____________ of ______________. This

was Wilson’s baby. He wanted to end the possibility of future wars. If one nation started a war, the __________ would gang up on that nation. All international problems would be settle peacefully.

2. Wilson compromised at the Paris Peace Conference. He did not want to ___________________ Germany, but everyone else did. Wilson said go ahead as long as you create the ______________ of _________________.

World14 points

AlliancesSeas

Colonies

DeterminationLeague Nations

World

Punish

LeagueNations

A. The Signing of the Treaty of ________________________.

1. The President signs it. (Remember the system of ___________ and _________________.

2. The _______________ rejected the treaty because they feared the United States would lose its ___________________. They did not want the U.S. to get sucked into another ________.

Versailles

ChecksBalances

SenateSovereignty

War

A. The U.S. adopts a new foreign policy (_____________________) and tries to adopt anti-war policies.

1. The U.S. tried to cut itself off from the rest of the world. a. The U.S. don’t enter the _____________ of

______________. b. The U.S. raise _____________ to help our economy. This

reduces international ___________. c. The U.S. cuts ____________________.

2. ______________, _____________ Pact tried to _____________ wars.

3. Naval Armaments Treaty tried to reduce the size of the American, English, and Japanese ______________.

4. The ____________ Court was created to settle international conflicts.

Isolation

LeagueNations – The U.S. reject the Treaty of Versailles - R

TariffsTrade

Immigrants – Quota Laws of the 1920’sKellog Briand Outlaw

navies

World

***All of these ideas were great except none of these ideas, including a League of Nations without the ___ ___ had any enforcement power. What happened to Japan when it built up its navy and invaded China? What did the world Court do when the world cried foul as Germany entered the Rhineland (illegally), annexed Austria, and Occupied Czechoslovakia? Will Isolation Work? Why? (or) Why not?

U. S.

Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, etc.

No, Isolating our economy will help cause the Great Depression and by not Helping solve world problems, we allow WWII to occur