American History

DiscoveryDiscovery The first Americans were of Asian descent we call The first Americans were of Asian descent we call

them American Indians or Native Americans, they them American Indians or Native Americans, they came to America thousands of years agocame to America thousands of years ago

Although there were people who made it to Although there were people who made it to America before Christopher Columbus was the America before Christopher Columbus was the first European to claim the land for a European first European to claim the land for a European country (Spain) in 1492, course he thought he country (Spain) in 1492, course he thought he was in India…was in India…

From 1492-1608 Spain was the only country to From 1492-1608 Spain was the only country to colonize the new world and they made millions on colonize the new world and they made millions on the gold and materials found herethe gold and materials found here

In 1608 the English started colonizing the new In 1608 the English started colonizing the new world in Virginiaworld in Virginia

America as a ColonyAmerica as a Colony England will rule what is now the Eastern England will rule what is now the Eastern

United States from 1608-1775 and United States from 1608-1775 and establish 13 coloniesestablish 13 colonies

In 1775, angry at the increase in taxes the In 1775, angry at the increase in taxes the English colonists will rebel and on July 4English colonists will rebel and on July 4thth 1776 they will declare their own country 1776 they will declare their own country The United States of AmericaThe United States of America

After a long and bloody war in 1783 After a long and bloody war in 1783 America will win its Independence with the America will win its Independence with the signing of the Treaty of Paris which will signing of the Treaty of Paris which will grant America all the land from the grant America all the land from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River Atlantic to the Mississippi River

ProblemsProblems

Now that the U.S. had won they formed a Now that the U.S. had won they formed a government under the Articles of government under the Articles of Confederation, it failed…miserablyConfederation, it failed…miserably

Then in 1787 American leaders realized Then in 1787 American leaders realized that their idea wasn’t working so they met that their idea wasn’t working so they met in Philadelphia to change the Articlesin Philadelphia to change the Articles

Instead they wrote the constitution and in Instead they wrote the constitution and in 1788 George Washington was 1788 George Washington was unanimously selected as the first president unanimously selected as the first president of the new republic The United States of of the new republic The United States of AmericaAmerica

The Federalist Era

Washington’s Presidency

George Washington A Revolutionary War

hero and wealthy planter he was respected by all Americans

He set all early precedents some of which are still followed today

His goal was to steer America away from war and help it build up strength

John Adams

Vice President of U.S. Early revolutionary Disliked by many of

his contemporaries

The Cabinet The Cabinet

The People Who Advise the The People Who Advise the PresidentPresident

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Secretary of StateSecretary of State He is in charge of He is in charge of

the the State State DepartmentDepartment which which oversees diplomats, oversees diplomats, ambassadors and all ambassadors and all international affairs international affairs

Thought that the Thought that the people should have people should have the most control the most control over the governmentover the government

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

Secretary of the Secretary of the TreasuryTreasury

In charge of all of In charge of all of the financial the financial institutions of the institutions of the U.S.U.S.

Wanted a Bank of Wanted a Bank of the U.S.the U.S.

Did not like Did not like JeffersonJefferson

Henry KnoxHenry Knox

First Secretary of First Secretary of WarWar

Problems with the Cabinet Jefferson and Hamilton did not get along, they disagreed on

interpretation of the constitution. Strict interpretation Jeffersonian Democrats congress

had only the powers that were expressly stated in the Constitution. (If it doesn’t say you can do it in the Constitution, you can’t)

Loose construction Hamiltonian Federalists believed that congress could use the elastic clause to make any law it deemed “necessary” to run the government. (if it doesn’t say you can’t do it in the Constitution, you can)

Vive La Revolution Vive La Revolution

The French will have their own revolution in 1789The French will have their own revolution in 1789 King Louis XVI will be executed during the terror King Louis XVI will be executed during the terror

that sweeps France that sweeps France Most of Europe will declare war on France, France Most of Europe will declare war on France, France

will ask us for helpwill ask us for help American’s were split on who to supportAmerican’s were split on who to support Federalists supported Britain as our biggest Federalists supported Britain as our biggest

trading partnertrading partner Democrats supported the French and had visions Democrats supported the French and had visions

of a worldwide democratic revolutionof a worldwide democratic revolution Washington believed we were too weak to be in a Washington believed we were too weak to be in a

war and began a policy of war and began a policy of NeutralityNeutrality or not taking or not taking a side in a conflicta side in a conflict

THIS WAS THE FIRST MAJOR POLITICAL CONFLICT THIS WAS THE FIRST MAJOR POLITICAL CONFLICT IN AMERICA!!!!!!!IN AMERICA!!!!!!!

Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty A A TreatyTreaty between the U.S. and Britain between the U.S. and Britain The results will be: The results will be: 1. Democrats will believe that America 1. Democrats will believe that America

is being pushed toward Britainis being pushed toward Britain 2. Relations between France and the 2. Relations between France and the

U.S. deteriorate beginning the U.S. deteriorate beginning the Quasi Quasi WarWar

The Quasi War is the undeclared naval The Quasi War is the undeclared naval war between the U.S. and France war between the U.S. and France between 1794-1800between 1794-1800

Domestic Policy of Domestic Policy of Washington’s PresidencyWashington’s Presidency

Bill of Rights Bill of Rights

One of the first acts agreed to by One of the first acts agreed to by Congress is the Bill of Rights, Congress is the Bill of Rights,

which is the first 10 amendments which is the first 10 amendments of the constitution of the constitution

Amendments Amendments

1. RAPPS Religion, Assembly, 1. RAPPS Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, Speech (5 basic Petition, Press, Speech (5 basic freedoms)freedoms)

2. Right to bear arms2. Right to bear arms 4. Due process4. Due process 5. To not self incriminate 5. To not self incriminate 10. All powers not in Constitution go 10. All powers not in Constitution go

to the statesto the states

Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789

Congress will establish the federal courts Congress will establish the federal courts with the Judiciary Act of 1789with the Judiciary Act of 1789

Hamilton’s Financial PlanHamilton’s Financial Plan Hamilton was a financial Hamilton was a financial

genius and came up with genius and came up with a plan to help the a plan to help the economyeconomy

His plan wasHis plan was 1. Government revenue 1. Government revenue

should meet the should meet the expenses of the expenses of the government, no deficit government, no deficit spendingspending

2. Should be a 25% 2. Should be a 25% excise tax on whiskyexcise tax on whisky

3. Federal government 3. Federal government should assume state should assume state debts (assumption)debts (assumption)

4. Encourage industry 4. Encourage industry and manufacturing by and manufacturing by raising the raising the Tariff Tariff

5. Establish a national 5. Establish a national bank (bank of the U.S.), bank (bank of the U.S.), which would give loans which would give loans to the U.S. when in needto the U.S. when in need

Result of the Financial Result of the Financial PlanPlan

First Party System- The Democratic-First Party System- The Democratic-Republicans will form to attempt to Republicans will form to attempt to prevent this plan from taking place.prevent this plan from taking place.

Eventually the south agrees to Eventually the south agrees to assumption, but got to have the capitol in assumption, but got to have the capitol in return return

The Whisky RebellionThe Whisky Rebellion Manufacturing eventually eclipses Manufacturing eventually eclipses

agriculture as the main industry of agriculture as the main industry of AmericaAmerica

Whisky RebellionWhisky Rebellion

• Hamilton issues a tax on whiskeyHamilton issues a tax on whiskey• The farmers revolt, this is known as The farmers revolt, this is known as

The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion• Washington will federalize 13000 Washington will federalize 13000

militia to put down the rebellionmilitia to put down the rebellion

Federalized Militia|Tar and FeatherFederalized Militia|Tar and Feather

Washington’s Farewell Address As Washington leaves office he gives a

farewell address. In this letter he warns against foreign

entanglements, and political parties He says America should remain neutral and

avoid all alliances

Adam’s Presidency

Election of 1796Election of 1796

1795 Washington said he would not seek a 1795 Washington said he would not seek a third term, this was important because third term, this was important because many Americans thought he would rule for many Americans thought he would rule for life like a king.life like a king.

The election of 1796 was Jefferson vs The election of 1796 was Jefferson vs AdamsAdams

Adams winsAdams wins

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

2 Acts put in place by the Federalist 2 Acts put in place by the Federalist to help prevent the Democrats from to help prevent the Democrats from winning electionswinning elections

Alien Act- All immigrants must wait Alien Act- All immigrants must wait 14 years before they can vote (most 14 years before they can vote (most immigrants were Democrats)immigrants were Democrats)

Sedition Act- Anyone who speaks out Sedition Act- Anyone who speaks out publicly against the government can publicly against the government can be thrown in jail.be thrown in jail.

Problems with A-S ActsProblems with A-S Acts

They are unconstitutional, they They are unconstitutional, they violate the 1violate the 1stst amendment amendment

In response Madison and Jefferson In response Madison and Jefferson will pass resolutions in the Virginia will pass resolutions in the Virginia and Kentucky legislatures known as and Kentucky legislatures known as the Virginia-Kentucky resolutionsthe Virginia-Kentucky resolutions

The V-K resolutions say that a state The V-K resolutions say that a state has the right to nullify a law that it has the right to nullify a law that it finds unconstitutional, this is known finds unconstitutional, this is known as nullification.as nullification.

Jefferson’s PresidencyJefferson’s Presidency

Election/Revolution of 1800Election/Revolution of 1800 Adams vs. Jefferson & BurrAdams vs. Jefferson & Burr First time 2 men ran as a teamFirst time 2 men ran as a team Jefferson wins, but he and Burr tie, so the Jefferson wins, but he and Burr tie, so the

Federalists give Jefferson the presidency Federalists give Jefferson the presidency when they vote in the House of when they vote in the House of RepresentativesRepresentatives

Burr never forgives Hamilton and will Burr never forgives Hamilton and will eventually kill him in a dueleventually kill him in a duel

Aaron BurrAaron Burr

Midnight JudgesMidnight Judges

- - After Jefferson is elected, the democratic-After Jefferson is elected, the democratic-republicans will be taking power from the republicans will be taking power from the federalistsfederalists

- This will be the first transition of power - This will be the first transition of power from one political party to anotherfrom one political party to another

- Adams wants to make sure the Federalists - Adams wants to make sure the Federalists maintain one branch of government after maintain one branch of government after the D-R victorythe D-R victory

- Adams makes a bunch of judicial recess - Adams makes a bunch of judicial recess appointments at midnight the night before appointments at midnight the night before he leaves officehe leaves office

Marbury v MadisonMarbury v Madison Just after Jefferson is elected William Just after Jefferson is elected William

Marbury sues James Madison over his Marbury sues James Madison over his judicial appointment not being approvedjudicial appointment not being approved

The court declared that the law that The court declared that the law that Jefferson used to deny him was Jefferson used to deny him was UnconstitutionalUnconstitutional

This established This established Judicial ReviewJudicial Review

Domestic IssuesDomestic Issues

Reduce Reduce Government, cut Government, cut Taxes, reduces the Taxes, reduces the army army

Wants to give Wants to give states more power states more power

Jefferson opposes Jefferson opposes Britain in the Britain in the Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase

In 1803 Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans In 1803 Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans off of Napoleon so the U.S. would have control off of Napoleon so the U.S. would have control of the mouth of the Mississippi riverof the mouth of the Mississippi river

Napoleon offered the entire territory under Napoleon offered the entire territory under France for 15 million (really cheap), Jefferson France for 15 million (really cheap), Jefferson was torn though because it went against his was torn though because it went against his idea of strict constructionidea of strict construction

We agreedWe agreed This will double the size of the country and This will double the size of the country and

give us control of the Mississippi River Valley give us control of the Mississippi River Valley

Lewis and Clark ExpeditionLewis and Clark Expedition Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were selected Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were selected

to gather a team and explore this newly bought to gather a team and explore this newly bought territoryterritory

They will be helped by the Indian Sacajawea to They will be helped by the Indian Sacajawea to explore and claim the new land explore and claim the new land

The goal was to The goal was to 1. Lay claim to the territory1. Lay claim to the territory2. Explore, map, and find any 2. Explore, map, and find any

navigable riversnavigable rivers3. Bring back animal and 3. Bring back animal and plant plant

samples for studysamples for study