Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
American Unit 3. Expansion & WWI. Big Idea 1. In the last half of the 1800s, the US joined the race for control of overseas territories. Learning Goal #1: I will be able to explain how and why the US ended its policy of isolationism by adding Alaska and Hawaii as territories. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
American Unit 3
Expansion & WWI
Big Idea 1
• In the last half of the 1800s, the US joined the race for control of overseas territories.– Learning Goal #1: I will be able to explain how
and why the US ended its policy of isolationism by adding Alaska and Hawaii as territories.
– Learning Goal #2: I will be able to explain how and why the US sought trade with Japan and China.
Imperialism is
-building empire by gaining land
Reasons for imperialism
-world status & to gain natural resources and wealth
Isolationism is
-avoiding involvement in other country’s affairs
Why
isolationism was
abandoned
-perceived need to expand to stay strong in the eyes of the world
Alaska
Who? -bought by US Secretary of State William Seward from Russia
What? -vast land in NW for $0.02/acre
Where? -seriously?
When? -1867
Why important?
-natural resources (oil, gold found in 1890)
Japan China -Japan ending their isolationist policy
-weak country, other countries trying to get access to natural resources in China
US wanted to establish trade with them before European countries did
-Germany, Great Britain, France, Japan, Russia fighting over control
Matthew Perry sent in 1853 to get deal; failed - 1854, went back with warships and gifts, deal finalized in 1858
-1899, US announced Open Door Policy – all countries equal access to trade
By 1900, Japan a world power (what problem might this present in about 41 years?)
-Boxer Rebellion – C. nationalists kill 200 foreigners; China did not want foreign influence, US and others didn’t listen
Big Idea 2
• -The US expanded into new parts of the world as a result of the Spanish-American War.-Learning Goal #3: I will be able to explain how and why the US went to war with Spain and gained territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific.
Which Paper Would You Buy?• HUNGRY, FRANTIC FLAMES. They Leap Madly Upon the
Splendid Pleasure Palace by the Bay of Monterey, Encircling Del Monte in Their Ravenous Embrace From Pinnacle to Foundation. Leaping Higher, Higher, Higher, With Desperate Desire. Running Madly Riotous Through Cornice, Archway and Facade. Rushing in Upon the Trembling Guests with Savage Fury. Appalled and Panic-Stricken the Breathless Fugitives Gaze Upon the Scene of Terror. The Magnificent Hotel and Its Rich Adornments Now a Smoldering heap of Ashes. The Examiner Sends a Special Train to Monterey to Gather Full Details of the Terrible Disaster. Arrival of the Unfortunate Victims on the Morning's Train — A History of Hotel del Monte — The Plans for Rebuilding the Celebrated Hostelry — Particulars and Supposed Origin of the Fire
• Fire Destroys Historic Hotel
Causes of the Spanish American War - 697
Yellow Journalism
-sensational, exaggerated news stories
EnriqueDupuyde Lome
-Spanish minister who wrote letter insulting US President William McKinley
USS Maine
-ship in Havana harbor, sunk b/c of explosion, blamed on Spain
CubaSan Juan Hill
Philippines
Hawaii Alaska
Guam
Puerto Rico
Pro Imperialism Anti-ImperialismGovernment and businessmen because
G =
B =
Anti-Imperialist League because Opposed creating an American empire
Cuba (698, 700-01) Puerto Rico Philippines
Teller Amendment Hoped for… Acquired for…
Platt Amendment Instead… Because…
Today…Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba houses captured terrorists
Today…1917 Jones Act gave PR US Citizenship. PR pop. in US growing
Today…Fully independent nation, 1946
Big Idea 3
• -The US expanded its role in Latin America in the early 1900s.-Learning Goal #4: I will be able to locate the Panama Canal, and explain how & why the United States built it in the early 1900s.-Learning Goal #5: I will be able to explain how and why Teddy Roosevelt changed US policy towards Latin America and how Taft & Wilson promoted US interests there.
Reasons for building the Panama Canal
1. Cut 8,000 miles off trip from Atlantic to Pacific Oceans
2. link Atlantic and Pacific fleets of US Navy
Colombia refused to allow building of the Canal at first
TR goes around Colombian government
Began in 1904, through 51 miles of forests & swamps, opened 8/15/1914
6,000 dead during construction
Teddy RooseveltRole in W. Hemisphere…
How different from before… Debts to European countries…
Roosevelt Corollary
Active!
1900, said, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
1823 Monroe Doctrine told Europe to stay out of W. Hemisphere…
US didn’t have military to back this up.
Do now! (NAVY)
L. American nations refused to pay debts & European countries threatened to get involved.
TR told LA to pay debts!
Addition to Monroe Doctrine that made US into police power in W. Hem.
William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson
Dollar Diplomacy -influence L. American gov’ts through economic intervention Because…
-increase American trade, encourage stability, and keep Europeans out of W. Hem
Rejected Dollar Diplomacy because… US had moral obligation to promote Democracy in L. America Used military force…
To protect US interests in Mexico
Big Idea 4
• -In 1914 tensions in Europe exploded into the deadliest war the world had ever seen.-Learning Goal #6: I will be able to list and explain the factors that contributed to the outbreak of WWI.-Learning Goal #7: I will be able to explain why European nations suffered massive casualties in the war’s early battles.
Cause Definition ExplanationMilitarism Glorification
of weaponsAs countries developed more and more powerful weapons, they were more likely to use them
Alliances Countries working together
As countries gained more weapons, they formed alliances with other countries who were also gaining more weapons to oppose countries gaining more weapons who were also forming alliances with countries gaining more weapons.
Imperialism Desire to expand an empire
Countries with weapons worked together with other countries with more weapons to try to take land from countries who were gaining more weapons and working with other countries who were gaining more weapons.
Nationalism People of same culture live in same country
Countries with weapons worked with other countries with weapons to take land from countries with weapons who were backed by other countries with weapons.
THE SPARK… WHAT GOT THE FIRE GOING? - 721
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Gavrilo Princip
Austria-Hungary
Mobilize
Central & Allied Powers
Why European Nations Suffered Such Massive Casualties
Trench Warfare
Machine Guns
Tanks
Poison Gas
Artillery Airplanes
Stale-mate
Mines U-Boats
Warn Students!
Big Idea 5
• -After entering World War I in 1917, Americans began the massive effort of preparing for war..-Learning Goal #8: I will be able to explain why the US entered the war and how it mobilized to win.-Learning Goal #9: I will be able to list and explain the opportunities labor shortages created for women and other Americans.
Today…
• 1. Read pages 31-32 and answer questions.• 2. Answer 1-5 on page 33 (you can skip the
summary!)• 3. Complete section quiz on page 34.• 4. We’ll go through the outline on pages 35-36• 5. You’ll fill in the organizers• 6. Read 39-40 and answer questions
In left margin next to letter b.
• Western Hemisphere, imperialism• Eastern Hemisphere, isolation
Lusitania
Zimmermann Note
Neutrality was How it was Threatened
American policy of staying out of the war
sinking of the Lusitania ---------------------------------------------
Zimmermann Note
Raising Morale
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
Sedition ActEspionage Act
Raising Food, Money, Men,
Supplies
Selective Service Act of 1917
Liberty Bonds
War Industries Board
Food Administration
Three Reasons for Shortage of Labor in America During WWI
-production levels up
-immigration down
-men sent to fight
Women during WWI Labor during WWI
-worked outside home
-some worked in military
-many spoke out against war like Jeannette Rankin, first woman in Congress
-minorities moved to northern cities to work in factories
-union membership up
-National War Labor Board helped avoid strikes
Big Idea 6• American troops helped the Allies achieve victory in
World War I.-Learning Goal #10: I will be able to explain how Americans helped the Allies win the war and why Germany agreed to an armistice.
• Read 39-40 and answer questions• Answer 6-10 on page 41• Answer 1-10 on page 42• Work on flashcards or Need to Know List if done
Austria declared war on Serbia
Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary
Germany declared war on Russia
Germany declared war on France
Germany declared war on Belgium
France declared war on Germany
Great Britain declared war on Germany
Americans Join the Fight
-American Expeditionary Force; commanded by John J. Pershing-Called “Doughboys” (chalky dust on uniforms, giant buttons on uniforms, “Kneaded” in 1914, but didn’t “rise” until 1917.)
Russians Leave the War
-Communist Revolution in Russia in 1917, pull Russia out-Only fighting on one “front” now so US has to pick up slack
Why Germany Agreed to the Armistice
-Germany’s allies began to surrender
-German people tired of war; 800 civilian deaths b/c of starvation every day
-1/4 of German army captured or surrendered in 1918
-No chance of winning
3/21/18, Germans
attack at the Somme
Germans move S. towards Marne R.
Allies push back at
Belleau Wood
Germans lose at St. Mihiel
Germans pushed out of
France
July 1918, last German offensive
F. And A. attack G. in
Belgium
American victories b/c
of convoy system
Germans surrender,
armistice at 11am on 11/11/18
Big Idea 7
• -The United States and the victorious Allied Powers clashed over postwar plans. -Learning Goal #11: I will be able to explain the costs of the war.-Learning Goal #12: I will be able to explain how Wilson and European leaders met to work out peace and why the US Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.
War Losses Life
5 mil Allied, 3.5 mil Central
20 mil wounded
116,000 US dead, 200,000 wounded
War Losses Money
$30 billion in property
Allies spent $145 billion
Central Powers spent $63 billion
So What?!
• You don’t need to memorize those numbers, but what you need to know and what you need to write down on the bottom of that page is this…
• The war drained the losing countries of wealth and they struggled to overcome.
Wilson’s Fourteen Pointsproposal for postwar peaceSettle border disputes, military cutbacks, lower tariffs, end secret agreements, people to be independent
Self-determination = right of people to chose own political statusCreating of League of Nations (group of representatives from several countries) to promote democracy and settle conflicts peacefully
Treaty of VersaillesDefinition Signed @Paris Peace Conf; ended WWIThe Big Four
US – WilsonBritain – David Lloyd GeorgeFrance – Georges ClemenceauItaly – Vittorio Orlando
Reparations Big Four blamed Germany completely, ordered reparations. BIG MISTAKEReparations = payment for the war, set at $33 billion; couldn’t pay it back
Finality League of Nations establishedEstonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia formed
• Ultimately, the Treaty of Versailles was rejected by the US Senate. The Constitution states that treaties must be ratified by at least 2/3 of the members of the Senate. Some Republicans (President Woodrow Wilson was a Democrat) insisted on changes to the treaty, and they objected to the League of Nations because they feared it would drag America into another long war and because they feared it took away from the Congress the right to declare war. Wilson refused to compromise, and encouraged his fellow Democrats to do the same. When the vote was taken, not a single Republican or Democrat agreed to compromise, and the treaty was rejected. The League of Nations was the grand idea of the US President, yet the US was not a member.
