American War1

8/14/2019 American War1

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VIETNAM

WARGroup 4:Nguyen Thi Kim ChiNguyen Thi DungHoang Thanh HuyenDoan Thi Thu Phuong

Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang


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OUTLINE

I. OVERVIEW

II. STAGES OF VIETNAM WAR3. The seeds of the War (1945-1960)4. American Commit (1961-1964)5. Jungle War (1965-1969)6. Bitter Failure (1969-1975)

III. QUIZ & DISCUSSION


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OVERVIEW Duration : 1945 1975 4 stages

the longest war in American historythe most unpopular American war of the twentieth century.

Casualties : nearly 60,000 American deaths & an estimated 2million Vietnamese deaths.

Main cause : Stop the spread of communism Doubt among American citizens :

Vietnam war - a sin,

a blunder,a necessary wara noble cause, oran idealistic effortto protect the South Vietnamese fromtotalitarian government.


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STAGES OF VIETNAM WAR

EACH STAGE

2.Situation

3.American strategies &

main events


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STAGE 1 -The seeds of the War

1. SituationInternational situation

- 1945 World War II Allies including the U.S., Britain, and Soviet Union,

hold the Potsdam Conference in Germany to plan the post-war world

- October 1949 - Mao Zedong's Communist forces defeated Chiang Kai-

shek's Nationalist Army in the Chinese civil war.

- January 1950 - The People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union

recognized Ho Chi Minh's Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

- February 7, 1950 - In America, the era of 'McCarthyism' erupted


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1. SituationDomestic situation

- Japanese surrendered unconditionally

- Vietnam's puppet emperor, Bao Dai, abdicated.

- Ho Chi Minh's guerrillas occupied Hanoi and proclaim a provisional

government

- The French restored control in the south of Vietnam

- The conflict between Vietnam and France was in process with

changes in superiority and coming to an end with Vietnams victory.


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2. American strategies and main eventsFrom 1950-1954:

- With the support from China, the visage of the war experienced shifts of

the superiority.

- French Forces was under great pressure to end the war as soon as

possible

- Dien Bien Phu - May 7 th 1954 , French forces surrendered after being

surrounded and defeated by Vo Nguyen Giap soldiers

July 21 st 1954 : Geneva Conference: restoring peace in Indochina


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American involvementUnited States got involved and indirect control of the war betweenVietnam and France over the financial and military aids it provided

French forces.- July 26, 1950 President Harry Truman authorizes $15 million in military

aid to the French.

- Over the next four years, the U.S. spent $3 Billion on the French war

and by 1954 provided 80 percent of all war supplies used by the French.

- September 27, 1950 - The U.S. established a Military Assistance

Advisory Group (MAAG) in Saigon to aid the French Army.


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American involvement

- January 20, 1953 - Dwight D. Eisenhower was inaugurated as the 34th

U.S. President.Eisenhower would greatly increased U.S. military aid to the French in

Vietnam to prevent a Communist victory. 'Domino Theory

- March 30 - May 1 , The siege at Dien Bien Phu occured as nearly 10,000

French soldiers were trapped by 45,000 Viet Minh. French troops soon

ran out of fresh water and medical supplies.

The French urgently appealed to Washington for help


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From 1955 to 1960: The South of Vietnam was under the rule of Ngo Dinh Diem

government and it is supported by the U.S. Ngo Dinh Diem army launched many brutal crackdowns against theViet Minh.

March 1959 - The armed revolution began as Ho Chi Minh declares aPeople's War to unite all of Vietnam under his leadership. His

Politburo now ordered a changeover to an all-out military struggle.Thus began the Second Indochina War. May 1959 - North Vietnamese established the Central Office of South

Vietnam (COSVN) to oversee the coming war in the South.Construction of the Ho Chi Minh trail now begins.


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American involvementConsistent with the aiding strategy, United States continued

provided Diems government support financially and militarily with

the aims to prevent the Communist expansion in the South of Vietnam.

- January 1955 - The first direct shipment of U.S. military aid to

Saigon arrived.

Diem was advised on consolidating power by U.S. Air Force Col.

Edward G. Lansdale, who was attached to the Central Intelligence

Agency (CIA).


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American involvement

- October 26, 1955 - The Republic of South Vietnam was proclaimed

with Diem as its first president. In America, President Eisenhowerpledged his support for the new government and offers military aid.

- July 8, 1959 - Two U.S. military advisors, Maj. Dale Buis and Sgt.

Chester Ovnand, were killed by Viet Minh guerrillas at Bien Hoa,

South Vietnam. They were the first American deaths in the Second

Indochina War which Americans would come to know simply as The

Vietnam War.


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STAGE 2 American Commit

1. Situation- January 1961 - Soviet president supported for "wars of national

liberation" throughout the world greatly encourages

Communists in North Vietnam

- January 20, 1961- John Fitzgerald Kennedy is inaugurated as the

35th U.S president the start of American commitment


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STAGE 2 American Commit2. American strategies and main events- Domino Theory: Kennedy intended to continue Eisenhower's policy of

supporting Diem's South Vietnamese government. If communism was not halted

in Vietnam it would gradually spread throughout the world.

- Conflicting advice on Vietnam : a bottomless military and political swamp >

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American War1