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Relationship between plant diversity andRelationship between plant diversity and AMF diversity in grassland ecosystems
Liang, Yug,Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
coolrain@ibcas ac [email protected]
Case study 1: The effects of PFG removal on yAMF diversity: intermediate disturbance
hypothesishypothesis
Liang Y, SUN XF, Shahid Naeem, BAI YF,MA KPg , , , ,
Experimental Experimental designdesign 4 4 Plant Function Groups (PFG)Plant Function Groups (PFG)
PR(PR(perennial rhizome grass), ), PB(PB(perennial bunchgrasses), ), PF(PF( i l f b ))PF(PF(perennial forbs), ), AB(AB(annuals and biennials))
16 16 PFG combinations PFG combinations 5PFG diversity level5PFG diversity level: CK,1,2,3,4: CK,1,2,3,4 Two removal way, Complete removal Two removal way, Complete removal
and partial removal(equal disturbance and partial removal(equal disturbance p ( qp ( qremoval ) removal )
3 3 replicates (96 plots)replicates (96 plots) A i i (A i i ( AMF community in plant roots (TAMF community in plant roots (T--
RFLP)RFLP)BEF‐experimental plots established in 2005
AMF OTUs found in the BEF experimentsAMF OTUs found in the BEF experiments
• 110 sequences, 30 AMF OTUsS i h• Some species have not been found in any other sites orany other sites or studies
Species richness of AMF (complete removal)
CV (complete removal)
AMF i i h N f d PFGAMF species richness vs. No. of removed PFG16 a
8
10
12
14
ness
of A
M fu
ngi
abab ab
b
2
4
6
8
Spec
ies R
ichn
00 1 2 3 4
The number of PFGs removed (completely)
Partial removal– equal disturbance removal
S i i hSpecies richness
Species richness of AMF (Partial removal)
AMF species richness vs. No. of removed PFG
Indicator species for different PFGs‐Complete removal
Total 25.9%
Indicator species for different PFGs‐Partial removalIndicator species for different PFGs Partial removal
Total 65.8%
Relationship between dissimilarity of plant communities andRelationship between dissimilarity of plant communities and dissimilarity of AMF community
0 1623 + 0 4944
0.75
mun
ities
y = 0.1623x + 0.4944
R2 = 0.6899
0.65
AMF comm
0.55
betw
een A
0.45
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2milarity b
Dissimilarity between plant communitiesDissi
Effects of PFG removal on composition of AMF community
Relationship between plant richness and AMF diversity ‐complete removal
1618
f AMF
complete removal
8101214
ichn
ess o
f
y = -0.2733x2 + 3.3946x + 0.9879R2 = 0.60550
246
Species ri
2
2.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
ex
1
1.5
2
ersity inde
y = -0.025x2 + 0.2604x + 1.201R2 = 0.759
0
0.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14anno
n dive
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Plant species richness
Sha
Relationship between plant richness and AMF diversity ‐
18AMF
partial removal
10121416
hness o
f A
02468
pecies rich
2.5
00 2 4 6 8 10 12
xSp
1.5
2
rsity
index
0
0.5
1
non diver
00 2 4 6 8 10 12
Plant species richness
Shan
intermediate dist rbance h pothesis is helpf lintermediate disturbance hypothesis is helpful to explain plant‐AMF relations
Complete removal Partial removal
versity
versity
AMF div
AMF di
Plant diversity Plant diversity
• The relations between AMF and plant diversity were different under two removal methods, why?
• intermediate disturbance will enhance the AMF diversity?intermediate disturbance will enhance the AMF diversity?
ConclusionsConclusionsR l f PFG ill i CV f AMF i i h• Removal of PFGs will increase CV of AMF species richness (increased beta diversity?)
• Five AMF species could act as indicator species for PFG p pcomplete removal, 10 AMF species were indicators for PFG partial removal;
• Biomass of PR and PB were important determinants of AMFBiomass of PR and PB were important determinants of AMF community composition;
• Non‐linear relations between plant diversity and AMF diversity were found in complete removal treatments but notdiversity were found in complete removal treatments, but not in partial removal treatment, indicating intermediate disturbances will enhance the AMF diversity in grassland
tecosystems.
Case study 2: Effects of climate changes on AMF y gdiversity in a semiarid steppe: precipitation as a
key regulator in plant‐AMF relationskey regulator in plant AMF relations
LIANG Y, SUN X, SU Y, et al.LIANG Y, SUN X, SU Y, et al.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNEXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
• Study site: grassland in north of China• Treatments:
– Warming: +2C (infrared radiator)– Increased Precipitation: +120 mm (ca 30% MAP, 15 / k i J l d A )15mm/week in July and August)
– 3*4m plots, 6 replicatesl f d l• Sampling: in August from 2005 to 2008, roots and soil cores
• Measurements:( ) d l (– AMF Spore community (2005‐2006), intra‐radical community (2007‐
2008)– Plant community (2005‐2008)y ( )
R ltResults
P‐
P+
P‐
P+
red, xerophytic plants (X); yellow, xeromesophytic or mesoxerophytic plants (XM‐MX); green, mesophytic plants (M)
ConclusionsConclusions • (a) increased precipitation had significant but contrary effects on• (a) increased precipitation had significant but contrary effects on
plant‐spore and plant‐intra‐radical AMF species richness relationships;
• (b) relative coverage of grass and forb showed significantly positive and negative correlations with AMF species richness under ambient precipitation respectively while no significantunder ambient precipitation, respectively, while no significant correlations were found under increased precipitation;
• (c) compared with grasses, forbs showed significant preferences(c) compared with grasses, forbs showed significant preferences to plots with high AMF species richness, and for plants in different water ecological types, plants with lower drought
i t h d f t l t ith hi h AMFresistances showed more preferences to plots with high AMF species richness.