AMINO ACIDS and

PROTEINS

Basic Structure of Amino Acids

All amino acids contain 3 parts;an amino group (NH3+),a carboxyl group (COO-)and an "R" group. The "R" group varies among amino acids.

Structure for a specific amino acid,

tryptophan.

Protein Conformations

Isomeric Forms of an Amino Acid

Peptide Bond Formation

20 essential proteins

3-Dimensional Structures of Proteins

Alpha-Helical Structure of Fibrous Proteins

Antiparallel beta-pleated sheet

N-terminal side view C-terminal side view

Structure of the enzym ribonuclease

Structure of immunoglobulin G

REFERENCES

Michael L. Shuler and Fikret Kargı, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts (2 nd Edition),Prentice Hall, New York, 2002.

1. James E. Bailey and David F. Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Fundementals (2 nd Edition), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1986.

www.bioss.ac.uk

plantandsoil.unl.edu

blogs.currentprotocols.com

www.detectingdesign.com

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP13304

http://www.johnkyrk.com/aminoacid.html

http://plantsciences.montana.edu/cqlab/

proteinformation.htm