Amit Prelm Report

THESIS-2012

DD

REDEVELOPMENT OF KACHCHE QUARTER

(SONEPAT)

PRELIMARY

REPORT

D.C.R.U.S.T. MURTHAL SONIPAT(HRY)

AMIT YADAV

0706002

THESIS GUIDE:-

AR.LALIT KUMAR

THESIS-2012 [REDEVELOPMENT OF KACHCHE QUARTER (SONEPAT)]

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TH

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE STUDY

CHAPTER 3 – SITE ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 4 - EXEMPLAR STUDY

REFERENCES

1.INTRODUCTION

History of Sonepat

Places of interest in sonepat

Commercial hubs in Sonepat

Main features Problem statement

Aim and Objectives

Scope of the project

Site information

Methodology

List of Exemplars

Sources & Collation of data

2. LITERATURE STUDY

Organization of space

Principles of shop design

Social spaces guidelines


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Pedestrian area

Vehicular areas

Landscaping elements

Parking

Aesthetics

Operational/functional

Secure/space 3. SITE ANALYSIS

History

Site location

Land use pattern

Services

Area distribution of requirements

4. EXEMPLAR STUDY

Shree Ghantakarna Mahaveer market (Ahmedabad)

South extension market(New Delhi)

City centre at the salt lake (Kolkata)

Redevelopment of city centre ( Kamyaran )

Redevelopment of Erie street market (Portland)


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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

What is Redevelopment?

Planning, development, replanning, redesign, clearance, reconstruction, or rehabilitation of all or part of a

project area. Redevelopment is a comprehensive effort to eliminate blight and otherwise improve an area

through a commitment of public funds and actions. Redevelopment usually entails constructing and

rehabilitating housing, improving public facilities, promoting employment opportunities and encouraging

private investment.

Why redevelopment is necessary ?

Due to increase in Hap hazardous development which causes high risk of danger to life as well as property.

With this there are other problems such as lack of open spaces or green parks or area, congestion in the

streets , lack of recreational spaces, parking facilities etc.

As customer‘s tastes and preferences are changing, the market scenario is also changing from time to time.

Today‘s market scenario is very different from that of the market scenario before 1990. There have been

many factors responsible for the changing market scenario. It is the changing tastes and preference of

customer which has bought in a change in the market. Income level of the people has changed; life styles and

social class of people have completely changed now than that of olden days. There has been a shift in the

market demand in today‘s world. Technology is one of the major factors which is responsible for this

paradigm shift in the mark. New generation people are no more dependent on haat market and far off

departmental stores. Today we can see a new era in market with the opening up of many departmental stores,

hyper market, shopper‘s stop, malls, branded retail outlets and specialty stores. In today‘s world shopping is

not any more tiresome work rather it‘s a pleasant outing phenomenon now.

THE HISTORY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF

CIVILISATION OF SONEPAT

Sonipat was earlier known as Sonprastha, which later became

Svarnaprastha (Golden City), which is derived from two Sanskrit

words, Svarna (Gold) and Prastha (Place).

The earliest reference of this city comes in the epic Mahabharata. It is

often believed that Sonipat was one of the five Prasths or towns

demanded by Yudhishtara from Dhuryodhana as the price of peace in

lieu of the kingdom of Hastinapur. The other four villages were

Panprastha (Panipat), Baghprastha (Baghpat), Indraprastha, and

Tilprastha (Tilpat).


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SONEPAT CITY

Sonepat is 45 km North of Delhi

Sonepat, located in the south-eastern part of Haryana, came into existence in 1972. Formerly Sonepat was a

part of Rohtak district.. It is also supposed to be one of the five prasths or towns, as mentioned in

Mahabharata. The number of sub-divisions of Sonepat is three. They are Sonepat, Ganaur and Gohana.

Among which Sonepat is the largest tehsil. The town of Sonepat acts as the district headquarter.

PLACES OF INTEREST IN SONEPAT

Khwaja Khizar Tomb

Tomb of Khwaja Khizar houses the remains of the saint who

lived during the rule of Ibrahim Lodhi. The structure was

built in the periods between 1522 and 1525 AD. Khwaja

Khizr was Darya Khan's son. Tomb stands on an elevated

platform. It is one of the few monuments where red sandstone along with‗kankar‘ blocks have been used.The

ceiling is decorative and comprises floral designs that come in multicolors. The hues of yellow, red, and

green make the ceiling quite colorful. The cenotaph chamber is surrounded by a dome-shaped structure

which rests on a small drum of octagonal shape. Now its under the protection of Archaeological Survey of

India (ASI) and surrounded by 4 acre of lush green gardens.

YAMUNA RIVER

Main water system in the district comprises River Yamuna and the irrigation canals flowing out of it. The

river flows besides the rural belt in the eastern side of district. It also acts as a natural boundary between state

of Haryana and the state of Uttar Pradesh.

TEMPLES & CHURCHES

Atlas Shri Ram Temple is the one of the oldest temple in

Sonipat. During the Janmashtami(birth anniversary of Lord

Krishna) it is beautifully decorated and illuminated. Shiv

Temple having a big statue of Lord Shiva. It is situated on

Sonipat-Murthal road. Baba Dham is one of the attractive

religious place in city. Shankar Kui is one of the oldest temple

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodhi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India




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in Sonepat and his age need to be discovered. Its having many small temples in it (Radha Krishana Temple,

Shiv Temple, Shani Temple, Sai Temple and many more) and also two big statue of Lord Shiva and Lord

Hanuman. Mata Chintpurni Mandir situated in Sector 14. Sai Dham is situated on Sonipat By-Pass road.

Methodist Mission Church at Mission School Campus near Mission Chowk. Holy Child Church at Holy

Child School Campus, Patel Nagar.

COMMERCIAL HUBS IN SONIPAT

KACHCHE QUARTER

FAIZ BAZAR

HALWAI HATTA

ANAZ MANDI

GUR MANDI

MIRCH MANDI

SABZI MANDI

KACHCHE QUARTER:

Kachche Quarter is one of the oldest area of the sonipat city allotted to the refugees ( from Pakistan) who

came to India at the time of independence (1949). It was purely the residential area as each refugee family

was allotted 36 sq.yard plot according to the family members.

With the passage of time this area turned in the residential cum commercial centre. Now it is the one of the

most important shopping area of the Sonipat city. This area comes under the category of encroached area i.e.

commercial spaces built up in residential spaces.

LOCATION MAP OF KACHCHE QUARTER


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ACCESSIBILITY TO KACHCHE QUARTER

BUS STAND NH 1 HIGHWAY

BAHALGARH

Kachche Quarters is 1.3km from the bus stand and 1.5 km from the sonipat railway station.

LANDUSE PATTERN

INSTITUTIONAL

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL CUM RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

MAIN FEATURES OF KACHECHE QUARTERS

One of the biggest market of Sonipat

Easily accessible from main G.T road

Religious places – 1Gurudwara, 2 Temples

High class branded showrooms.

Famous meat market.

Sabzi mandi and other basic amenities shops

PROBLEM STATEMENT:-

To provide better opportunity for the shopping in terms of hygienic environment for the shopkeepers,

buyers.

To establish it as a landmark for its shopping hub in sonipat .

The new market must carry the serene artistic environment that an artist cherishes.

It should also have the architectural value of an shopping area fulfilling the needs and requirements of

the shopkeepers, residents and buyers.


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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

Provide facilities for shopping ( formal and informal ) .

Congregational spaces, Permanent or temporary structure during mela or normal times.

To devise CIRCULATION PATTERN for pedestrians, Vehicle .

To enhance IMAGEABILITY by improving visual, spiritual & ecological character

Built open area relationship & visual character & orientation.

To Conserve ENERGY & ECOLOGY by using energy saving & designing in harmony with nature

To enhance the quality of life at and surroundings for shopkeepers, hawkers, childrens , residents of the

surroundings and buyers.

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

It is the one of the most important shopping area of the Sonipat city. This area comes under the category of

encroached area i.e. commercial spaces built up in residential spaces. The market gives the livelihood to

around 1500-2000 peoples who are associated with it. The market have almost all types of shops ranging

from a small basic amenity to vegatables, cloths etc. The area of Issues of Concern are:-

INADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE for large masses in terms of built up mass, circulation & parking.

Urgent need to REPLACE OLD STRUCTURES.

MISLOCATION or NO SPACE for certain functions.

NO ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERS, HAPHAZARD DEVELOPMENT.

The design proposal thus evolved need to be done with certain crucial points kept in sight as:

To understand the type of project in detail and study its physical settings and climate.

An architectural expression and character that exudes the characteristics of shopping area and is

harmonious with the language of the public realm.

An urban fabric that ties the area into harmony and enhances the vision lines and locations of interest.

To analyze the spatial and technical requirements of the project and finally to come with the detailed

design proposal fulfilling various requirement of the project

VALIDITY OF THE PROJECT:-

Shopping and retailing are two long inter-related practices which is popular in India since ages. And

Delhi being the capital city, lot markets have emerged here over the period. Therefore, a huge number of

shops have opened with the residences forming the unorganised retail sector. Moreover, this sector has

become an important part of the people‘s life.


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It is the commercial hub of the sonipat city. It is surrounded by furniture bazaar at one side and TDI

mall ( which was govt. hospital).

It also contains religious places i.e, one gurudwara and two temples.

It is close to the bus stand(1.3km) and railway station(1.5km).

The bazaar has witnessed horrific disaster, it was in 1999 when a huge fire broke out in a fireworks

shop. The building, which were mainly old, were burnt beyond recognition. Around 50 peoples died in this

disaster.

The shoppers are facing problems due to lack of proper parking lots. The citizens have to park their

vehicles on the roads, which also create hurdles in the smooth flow of traffic and also poses security threats

to the visitors of the kachche quarter.Roads are usually choc-a-bloc with traffic, underground reservoirs

forgotten even as hawkers encroach ever bit of empty space left.

METHODOLOGY

The methodology of the study will be based on a following scheme.

First and foremost is to understand the basics about market, incorporating spaces and their connectivity.

Proper understanding of basic planning, and spaces is required before getting to case studies.

Case studies are to be carried out in order to understand the practical aspects and the further space

analysis of the market.

Then understanding the proper requirements for the project, their area calculation and their hierarchical

scheme.

Its effects on the urban character of the area has to be studied and balanced.

To develop a solution which creates impact over viewers to enhance the image of the market as a

shopping hub with all the facilities.


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LIST OF EXEMPLER STUDY:-

SOUTH EXTENSION MARKET , NEW DELHI

SHRI GHANTAKARNA CLOTH MARKET , AHMEDABAD

CITY LAKE CENTRE, KOLKATTA.

ERIE STREET MARKET, PORTLAND.

REDEVELOPMENT OF CITY CENTRE KAMAYRAN.


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THE CLIENT’S BRIEF

CLIENT – KACHCHE QUATER MARKET ASSOCIATION.

KACHCHE QUATER VEGETABLE MARKET ASSOCIATION.

As the kachche quater provides opportunity of shopping for the residents of sonipat. It also provides the

employment facilities to around 1500-2000 peoples who are associated with the shopping. As the market has

around 600 shops which are to redevelop. The basic concern of the association are:-

Separate space for the vegetable market should be allocated in the proposal.

The area of the plot/shop newly allotted should not be less than the area they are having now.

Better quality of life in terms of hygiene, traffic movement, etc.

Separate space for storage.

A community hall for functions/marriages.

Parking facility for the shopkeepers and the visitors to the market.

Park/green spaces (which is lacking).


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CHAPTER 2 -LITERATURE STUDY:-

ORGANIZATION OF SPACE

The organization of built space involves a synthesis of various requirements & components of design. These

include-

The functional requirement of space in terms of quantity and quality

Integration of built & open space

Typing up the various components into whole by a system of networks (circulation, communications &

services ) , community facilities and amenities

Flexibility interchangeability & growth

Aesthetics & inspiring built form

Energy, microclimate & economy

Convenience, health, hygiene, safety, sanitation & services.

Responding to the local context & satisfying building bylaws & planning regulations.

Economy & financial viability.

Technology , construction & ease of maintenance , education value & user participation.

SCALE

Scale relationships must be carefully considered, and appropriate transitions provided where a change of

scale is proposed or required. Stair stepping building height, breaking up the mass of the building and

shifting building placement can help mitigate the impact of differing building scales and intensities.

BUILDING FAÇADE

External details in building facades, entries, stairways, retaining walls and other features provide visual

interests, enrichment and texture to buildings. New developments should incorporate the use of strong

vertical and/or horizontal reveals, off-sets, and three dimensional detail between surface planes to create

shadow lines and break up flat surface areas. If large blank surfaces are proposed, they should be for some

compelling design purpose, and the design should incorporate mitigating features to enrich the appearance of

the project and provide a sense of human scale at the ground level that is inviting to the public.

SHOPS

People love to look, window-shop, and buy. Shopping as an experience should provide fun,

which in turn provides profits. A successful store or shop is one that is designed to merchandise


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in addition to looking good. A store can be divided into two principal parts : the exterior, which gives

identification, encompasses the storefront, show windows, and displays, and the interior, where the promise

of the storefront display is delivered. Briefly stated, the storefront initiates the sale, and the

interior consummates it.

The storefront and the design of the façade must be attractive in order to catch the shoppers' attention and

to draw the customers in from the street or from the mall in shopping centers . Graphic identification, with

bold color, lighting, lettering, and logos, and attractive display of merchandise are the initial steps .

PRINCIPLES OF SHOP DESIGN

Inducing Entrance

Show windows, in addition to attracting passersby, should induce them to enter the store . Show windows

may be opened up to display the shop's interior ; or closed in, to give privacy to customers within . Door

locations require study in relation to pedestrian traffic flow, grades of sidewalks and store floors, and interior

layout of the shop . In colder climates drafts and Outdoor temperature changes can be

controlled at the door .

Organizing Store Spaces Organizing store spaces, and consequently the merchandise to be sold, into departments, enables customers

to find objects easily, and permits storekeepers to keep close check on profits or losses from various types of

goods . Store lighting and "dressing" are simplified . Even small shops benefit from a measure of

departmentalization ; in large shops, the practice becomes essential as methods of training salespeople, of

handling, controlling, and wrapping stock become more complex .

Interior Displays Interior displays require particular attention in specialty shops.Types range from displays of staple good

which assist customers in selection, to displays of accessories which the sale of staples may suggest to the

customer. Problems of arrangement with regard to merchandise, departments, and routes of customers'

approach are involved. Relief from the repeated impact of merchandise sales efforts and displays is necessary

in most shops. Experienced salespeople can tell at a glance the customer who is satiated with shopping and

too bewildered to buy.


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Shop Sizes

These are far from standardized. However, as determined by real estate values, and merchandising,

structural, fixture, and aisle space requirements, shops with one customer's aisle only are usually 12 to 15ft

wide by 50 to 60ft long in large cities; and 15 to 18ft. wide by 60 to 80ft long in smaller cities.

These dimensions apply particularly to shops in 100 percent retail districts. Heights are more easily

determined. Basements 8 to 9ft high, in the clear, permit economical stock storage. Ground floors are

preferably approximately 12ft high If no mezzanine is included ; mezzanines at least 7ft 6 in. above floor

level will accommodate most fixture heights . Height from mezzanine floor to ceiling may be as low as 6ft

6in. if used for service space only; 7ft is the preferred minimum for public use.


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SHOW WINDOW


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Social Spaces Guidelines

Social spaces guidelines attempt to define how outdoor spaces are used, how often they are used, and

how people transition between buildings and outdoor spaces.

Recognize outdoor area uses by differing activity levels such as: major walks, tranquil areas for

reflection and quiet activities, places to sit in both active and passive spaces, and solar orientation.

Develop outdoor rooms (courts, cloisters, plazas, malls, etc.) to reflect use requirements for seating,

solar warmth, wind protection, focal points such as fountains or sculpture, and unique character by site

accessories or naming.

Frame and screen outdoor rooms from adjacent distractions through arcades, colonnades, gateways,

planting walls or appropriate screen fences.


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Pedestrian Area Pedestrian areas address the pedestrian experience: what they see, feel, hear, and smell — such things as

walkways, nodes, views, and vistas, weather exposure or protection, resting areas, and safe movement.

Maintain walkway widths appropriate for the anticipated volume of pedestrian traffic, but no less than

seven feet for efficient snow removal. Consider other uses, such as wheelchairs, bicycles, and service

vehicles. Provide generous corner radii or small plazas (nodes) where walkways intersect.

Create stopping places along walkways to observe and appreciate views, landscape, or activities along

the way, incorporating seating where possible. Provide pull-off bays on joint use walks for service vehicles

where needed.

Landscape to protect walkways from strong winds and inclement weather. Orient building and other

facility entrance points in consideration of rain, wind, sun, and shade. Strategically place all-weather shelters

along pedestrian paths, major bus stops, and at pay-parking stations.

Provide consistent directional signage at entrances, parking garages, major buildings, key intersections,

and nodes using campus standard signage details. Include maps, event locations, disabled routing, and

bicycle routes.

Provide grade-separated crossings at major streets whenever possible. Incorporate designs with oversize

widths, full access to all users, public art, and a sky-lighted interior.

Vehicular Areas

Vehicular areas address roadways and parking for cars, emergency vehicles, service vehicles, bicycles,

and mass transit.

Enhance existing streets throughout campus for safer multi-modal movement and improved appearance

utilizing surfacing, lighting, signage, bicycle parking, and site accessories.

Recognize that campus policy is to give pedestrians and bicycles priority over service and private

vehicles in multi-modal areas.

Provide facilities and amenities to encourage alternative means of travel to and from campus, such as

information kiosks, maps, and visitor directions.

Place generously-sized bicycle parking areas along multi-modal streets.


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Establish drop-off zones near major activity centers for convenient use. Provide seating for waiting,

attractive landscaping, emergency telephones, and adequate lighting.

Provide landscaping in and around parking lots to soften hardscape appearances from streets, break up

extended rows of cars, and provide shade. Ensure adequate lighting for safe use and clear pathways from

parking lots to adjacent building entrances. Design sufficient setbacks between parking lots and streets,

which could include raised landscaping, berms, and/or walls to block views into the lot.

Include loading and service vehicle parking spaces adjacent to major buildings. Screen or buffer views

to service areas where possible with a combination of screen walls, opaque enclosures, gates, and

landscaping. Limit service parking to designated spaces only.

Landscaping Elements Use native landscape materials to the greatest extent feasible, including drought-tolerant plantings where

appropriate, and the preservation of flora and fauna habitats.

Avoid unsustainable slopes, minimize retaining walls, and utilize gradual sloping earthen berms only

when necessary.

Take advantage irrigations systems and accompanying raw water consumption standards. Utilize the

best water quality principles throughout.

Slope sites to drain away from buildings, sidewalks, and plazas. Use landscaping to effectively control

soil erosion. Design to control water runoff and storm drainage through retention/detention methods.

Plant flower beds together in quantity at points of entry and places of greatest people density. Use more

drought-resistant plantings, naturally grouped, in areas where close inspection is not likely. Place plant

materials in massed groupings without using several competing species.

Arrange trees and other plantings to enhance building architecture and details, especially entrances,

which should be fully revealed. Limit small scale plantings, such as flower beds, to principal building

entrances.

Label or otherwise identify trees, shrubs, flowers, and other planted material as a means to educate and

gain appreciation for the landscape.

Provide standardized site furniture, convenient trash and recycling containers, and other site accessories

in pedestrian-friendly locations. Provide places for casual seating and benches with backs for longer term

use.

Use standardized lighting fixtures for pedestrian areas and for streets and parking lots


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Provide special lighting for building fronts, walls, trees, public art, and special landscaped areas to

create emphasis on focal points of interest of the night-time campus.

Provide uniform regulatory, identification, directional, and informational signing.

SPACE ATTRIBUTES:-

First and foremost, parking structures—either basement, structured, or surface—must provide for

the safe and efficient passage of automobiles as well as visitors to and from their vehicles. Therefore,

attention should be given to maximizing visibility for vehicles entering parking lanes and individual spaces,

circulating within the parking lot, and entering and exiting the parking area.

http://www.wbdg.org/design/park_basement.php

http://www.wbdg.org/design/park_outside.php

http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_security.php


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Aesthetics

Minimal Visual Impact: The surface parking lot should not dominate the building site. Through a

combination of planning, architectural, and landscaping elements, the visual impact on the surrounding

streets and developments can be minimized. For example, surface parking is generally located to the rear or

side of the building and away from the street or street intersections, while providing direct pedestrian access

to the buildings. Note that textures, patterns, and colors are encouraged in the design of surface parking in

order to provide breaks in large monolithic areas of pavement and distinguish between pedestrian and

vehicular movement within the parking area.

Functional / Operational

Structural Requirements: Typically, surface parking consists of 6" slabs on grade, 4000 PSI, poured on top

of a gravel base on compacted fill with a moisture barrier in between the gravel base and the slab. The slab is

reinforced with welded wire fabric; the joints and wall junctures are sealed with sealant; and the surface is

broom-finished. The light-colored concrete reflects the sun's heat and minimizes the urban heat island effect.

Signage and Wayfinding: Signage should indicate all major internal pedestrian access points as well as

external major roads and buildings. In surface parking lots, pavement markings are reflective paint and traffic

control signage is usually reflective metal with minimum 5" high letters. The Manual on Uniform Traffic

Control Devices for Streets and Highways (ANSI D 6.1e) provides guidance on pavement marking and

signage.

Secure / Safe

Exterior Security Protection: Surface parking is located such that unsecured parking areas are visible from

adjacent buildings and safely illuminated. CCTV cameras and parking booths can provide added security by

including site surveillance and limiting vehicular access control.

Lighting: Lighting is used to provide security and access within the parking area at night. The lighting

design should prevent off-site lighting and night sky pollution. Strategies include: parking lot light fixtures

that use fixture cutoffs and/or are optically controlled for light spillover and glare beyond the boundary of the

development; and outdoor fixtures that are oriented and shielded to prevent direct illumination above the

horizontal surface passing through the fixture. Outdoor lighting should be energy efficient, metal halide/high

pressure sodium/or similar sources.

Sustainable

Site Improvements: Typical site improvements directly related to the surface parking include ground cover

and planting, storm water handling systems, vehicle parking surfaces and roadways, sidewalks directly

abutting parking areas, lighting within the parking area, signage, and fences and screens around the parking

and buffer zones between parking and public areas.

Landscaping and Storm Water Management: Landscaping elements such as berms, walls, and indigenous

hedges and trees are usually used to screen the periphery of the surface parking lot. Intermediate islands

within the surface parking provide opportunities to plant native and/or adapted trees, which can provide

shade in pedestrian walkways. Also, low impact development strategies, such as bioretention cells, should be

incorporated into the surface parking design to maximize on-site infiltration of stormwater.

http://www.wbdg.org/design/aesthetics.php

http://www.wbdg.org/design/func_oper.php

http://www.wbdg.org/design/site_potential.php

http://www.wbdg.org/design/secure_safe.php

http://www.wbdg.org/design/sustainable.php

http://www.wbdg.org/resources/lidsitedesign.php?r=park_surface

http://www.wbdg.org/resources/lidtech.php?r=park_surface


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PARKING:-

Outside surface parking refers to large paved areas used for extensive vehicle parking—beyond the incidental

parking provided for individuals, official government parking, and short-term drop off—located adjacent to a

building.

Figure1

The narrower aisles (a) are the pedestrian walkways sometimes provided, and the wider aisle (b)

between rows of spaces is the aisle for maneuvering the cars. The lay-out may be varied for several

types of angle parking, thus:


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Figure 2 Figure 3


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CHAPTER – 3 SITE ANALYSIS

Location of the site

Access to the site

Site dimensions

Building bye laws

Site history and context

Topography

Climate

Drainage pattern


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Location of the site:-

The site is located in sonepat city.

Location map of Kachche Quater


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ACCESSIBILITY TO KACHCHE QUARTER

BUS STAND NH1HIGHWAY

Kachche quarter is easily accessible as it is 1.3km from the bus stand and 1.5 km from the sonipat railway

station.


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ASITE HISTORY AND CONTEXT

Kachche Quarter is one of the oldest area of the sonipat city allotted to the refugees ( from Pakistan) who

came to India at the time of independence (1947). It was purely the residential area as each refugee family

was allotted 36 sq.yard plot with single room and veranda , these plots were sold to migrants at the cost of

Rs.100. There were no provisions of toilets or sewer drain out or separate kitchen. There were no water

supply connection for the houses. Just one or two connection were provided after 200-250 mts span.

Sewerage and water supply lines were laid lately in 1985-1990. There were kuchha brick roads which were

modified to concrete in 1995-1996.

With the passage of time this area turned in the residential cum commercial centre. Now it is the one of the

most important shopping hub of the Sonipat city. This area comes under the category of encroached area i.e.

commercial spaces built up in residential spaces.

In the year 1999, the market faces the fire incident in which around 250 peoples were died.

SITE SURROUNDINGS:-

The site is surrounded by model town (residential area) on one side and parsvanath mall on the other side.

SUBASH CHOWK:

It is basically an all commercial area. This area is really congested and has heavy traffic movement

throughout the day. This is one of the most important commercial space in the city of Sonipat.

MODEL TOWN:

This is area is an all residential zone. This is area is known as the proper sonipat or the old sonpiat. The

residences are well planned, the streets are wide and the traffic movement is moderate.

MAMA BHANJA CHOWK:

it is basically a commercial area and experiences a heavy traffic movement.

OLD DC ROAD:

This is an area which has commercial cum residential spaces. This stretch again has a heavy traffic

movement.


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AREA OF INTERVENTION

LAND USE PATTERN:-

NORTH


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BUILT V/S OPEN :-

TRAFFIC MOVEMENT:-


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LAND USE PATTERN OF STRETCH -1


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HAWKERS POSITIONS


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POSITION OF ELECTRIC POLE


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STRETCH-2 LAND USE PATTERN


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POSITION OF ELECTRIC POLES


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TOPOGRAPHY:-

Area of the site is around 0.25 SQKM and it‘s a fairly flat site .

CLIMATE:-

SUN PATH DIAGRAM

The climate of District Sonepat is dry with an extremely hot summer and a cold winter. The weather becomes

comparatively mild during the monsoon (period July to September). The post-monsoon months October and

November constitute a transition period, prior to the onset of winter.

a) TEMPERATURE

The cold season starts towards the later half of November when day and night temperatures fall rapidly.

January is the coldest month when the mean daily minimum temperature is 6 to 7 Degree Centigrade in the

winter months. During ncold waves, the minimum temperature may go down to the freezing point of water,

and frosts can occur. During the summer months of May and June, the maximum temperature sometimes

reaches 47 Degree Centigrade. Temperature drops considerably with the advancement of monsoon in June.

However, the night temperature during this period continues to be high.

b) HUMIDITY


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Humidity is considerably low during the greater part of the year. The district experiences high humidity only

during the monsoon period. The period of minimum humidity (less than 20%) is between April and May.

c) RAINFALL

The annual rainfall varies considerably from year to year. However, the maximum rainfall is experienced

during the monsoon season, which reaches it's peak in the month of July. Infact, the monsoon period

accounts for 75% of the annual rainfall in the district. On an average there are 24 days in a year with rainfall

of 2.5 mm (or more) per day in district Sonepat.

d) WIND

During the monsoon,the sky is heavily clouded, and winds are strong in this period. Winds are generally light

during the post-monsoon and winter months.

e) REGION SPECIFIC WHETHER PHENOMENA

Sonepat experiences a high incidence of thunder storms and dust storms, often accompanied by violent

squalls (andhis) during the period April to June. Sometimes the thunder storm are being accompanied by

heavy rain and occasionally by hail storms. In the winter months, fogs sometimes appear in the district.

SERVICES:-

DRAINAGE

The River Yamuna, which borders the district in the East, is the main river in the district. The district is

drained by drain no 8., which was constructed to take out excess monsoon runoff from uplands to River

Yamuna. The areas east of upland plains are more prone to flooding because of its low-lying nature.

DRAIN NO. 614” PIPE6” PIPE

3” PIPE

4” PIPE


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WATER SUPPLY:-

Ferule con: system of water distribution in commercial areas

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS

Most of the consumers are in the category of flat rate billing system. This costed Rs. 25/month earlier but

now since the rates have been revised, it now costs Rs. 48/month.

TUBE WELL 6” CI PIPE

3”- 4” CI PIPE TO THE MAIN

ROADS

½” CI PIPE TO RESIDENCES


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Area Distribution of Requirements (on the basis of Analysis/survey)

Total Area = 28378 sqm. (7.01 acres)

Total shops (existing) = 600.

Area of one shop = 30.01 sqm.

Area used for storage = 30.01 sqm.

Total area = 21000.01 sqm.

Proposed area of one shop = 35 sqm.

Total area for shops = 21000 sqm.

Storage area = 4000 sqm.

Community hall = 1200 sqm.

Public facilities = 500 sqm.

Total proposed area = 26700 sqm.


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CHAPTER 4 – EXEMPLAR STUDY

SHRI GHANTAKARNA MAHAVIR CLOTH MARKET

SARANGPUR , AHMEDABAD

DEVELOPER

NEPTUNE INFRASTRUCTURE PRIVATE LIMITED

PROJECT CONSULTANT

PIYUSH H. GOSALIA & ASSOCIATES (AHMD.)

LEGAL ADVISOR

WADIA GHANDY & CO. (AHMD.)

INTRODUCTION

Shri ghantakarna cloth market is one of the oldest cloth market in ahmedabad. Around 1200 shops are there

which gives employment to almost 2500-3000 peoples. Earlier it serves the same function of cloth market as

now but there were many problems such as congestion, lack of open space, parking facilities etc. So the

market association decided to redevelop the market so as to achieve a better and hygiene environment for

shopping and trading.

AERIAL VIEW OF MARKET


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ACCESSIBILITY TO THE SITE

The site is located very near to railway station , S.T stand and other major markets.

Site surroundings

The site is located in the prime area of business and adjoining to NEW CLOTH MARKET.

KARNAMUKTESHWAR MAHADEV TEMPLE.

JAIN TEMPLE.


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Site plan :-

Entrance to the market is through the main gates. There are three gates for entering into the market in which

one gate is only for the four wheelers. The roads are linear and building blocks are placed parallel to each

other in linear manner. There are total 13 building blocks ranging from A to M. These blocks are

interconnected to one another at the 3rd

floor thus giving a proper interconnectivity among the blocks. The

entire circulation pattern is simple

SITE AND ORIENTATION

Total site area = 6.2 acres

Permissible built up area = 50%.

The building blocks are placed along the N-S axis.


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AREA CHART OF SHOPS

BLOCK SHOP NUMBER AREA

A 1-10 213

A 11-18 246

A 19-26 280

A 27-32 314

A 33-45 325

B 1 493

B 4,16 246

B 29 269

B 2,3,5-15,17-28,30-42 358

C 1 493

C 7 246

C 25 269

C 2-6,8-24,26-38 358

D 1 560

D 4 246

D 2,3,5-35 314

E 1 560

E 6 246

E 19 224

E 2-5,7-18,20-32 314

F 1 605

F 3 246

F 2,4-29 314

G 1 605

G 14 224

G 2-13,15-27 314

H 1 605

H 7-21 269

H 2-6,22-28 358

I 1-5 213

I 6-9 302

I 10-14 347

I 15-16 392

I 17-22 437

J 1-16 392


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J 17-32 291

J 33-51 291

K 1-8 246

K 9-16 202

L 1-28 145

M 1-18 291

BUILT OPEN RELATIONSHIP:-

The open built ratio is proper in the market with the proper circulation

within the site.

This indicates the circulation on the site

This indicates the built mass on the site

ROAD NETWORK AND PARKING

The photos showing the parking of two wheelers along the dividers


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The main road of the market running from the centre of the market is 15m wide and other circulation road is

12m wide with the bay for the two wheelers along the divider on both side. The car parking is in the end of

the market for the shop owners and the visitors as well.

ORIENTATION OF BLOCKS ON SITE :

The blocks on the site are oriented along east- west direction in such a way that one row of the block is

facing the north direction and other block is facing the south direction. The block facing the north

direction has dead wall on the south side and the shadow of this block shades the block facing the south

direction. There is single row facing the east direction and the row of shops in front of it is facing the

west direction and these shops are shaded by the shops facing the east direction.

BUILDING PERFORMANCE:

Lighting

The shopping blocks are involved in such a way that each blocks gets sufficient light. The natural light is

easily available in the corridors.


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Energy consumption

The energy consumption of the building is less as sufficient amount of light is available during the day time

and very less energy is consumed by the shop owners. The market is unfunctional during the night time

therefore overall energy consumption decreases.

Ventilation

Due to the long galleries along east west direction the circulation of wind is proper not only in this area but

also in the corridors.

Fire fighting

All the possible measures which could be taken according to the site have been kept in mind by the architect

while designing the market. Enough space is available for movement of fire vehicle. Fire fighting equipments

have been installed in the building.

SPECIFICATIONS OFSHREE GHANTAKARNA MAHAVIR CLOTH MARKET

Polished kotah flooring in shops and corridors

Marble/ Granite flooring in lift and stair foyer

Cement concrete roads in the market

Ample parking place for owners and visitors

Rolling shutter for shops with aluminium windows at FF, SF and TF shops


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Concealed electrical wiring with provision for TV and Telephone points

Provision for private telephone exchange

INFERENCES :

Positive

The east west orientation of block on the site for the efficient lighting with solving the problem of large

heating up of shops in summer season

Easily accessible with no parking problem

Way for fire vehicle for its easy movement within the site

Negative

There are lot of negative spaces left on the site which cannot be used

There is no space for loading and unloading of goods for the shops and also no standard hoardings were

there on the shops

In spite of organised market encroachment have been done by the shopkeepers.

No safety measures have been taken from the open electrical meters and wiring

No toilets provided for visitors

No green area on the site.


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SOUTH EXTENSION:-

South extension is located on the ring road which is a primarily connector for the city between the A.I.I.M.S.

and Moolchand crossings. South extension is surrounded by defence colony and kidwai nagar east which lie

to its east and west respectively. It is flanked by urban villages of Kotla Mubarakpur at its north and Masjid

Moth to its south. Mahatma Gandhi road or ring road divides south extension into two parts south extension

1 lies to the north of ring road and south extension II towards its south.

As per Mater plan 2021 south extension is sited in zone D and zone F further in subzone D-20 and F-3

respectively.


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ORIGIN OF SOUTH EXTENSION

South extension was developed as a residential area and an extension to South Delhi. Initial planning concept

for south extension was based on neighbourhood planning concept with cluster development.

With due course of time and with increase in the easy accessibility, the residential plots along the main road

changed into commercial area.

The market acts as one of the central business districts in Delhi with specialization in branded garments and

accessories.


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GROWTH PATTERN:-

The growth of south extension has been a resultant of its location vis-a-vis the ring road and presence of a

planned market facing it on the secondary road system. Hence eventually the market has grown towards the

other prominently located plots to its left and right

Subsequently the market grew inwards with the help of the tertiary corridors where it has been evolving a

mixed use character.

The growth of the market occurred due to the following reasons:-

High degree of commercialization is happening along the edge fronting the ring road.

Strong population movement along the service roads.


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Wide road section available for parking.

Large plotted residential building-used for corporate offices and big show room.

High visual accessibility from the ring road.

The edge:-

It is fully commercialized linear development and contains retail, showrooms, high end offices etc.

It lays on the secondary city level connectors, with the primary being the city level high speed corridors such

as ring road.

The intermediate zone:-

It is the growth zone which develop over time a mixed use character, and lies on the tertiary movement

system. It has a combination of retail and commercial on the same plot.


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The private domain :-

It lies third in the hierarchy and is articulated by the residential street. Areas which have preserved their

residential character in the face of commercial forces in these areas have done so by separation through static

spaces by green, schools, staggered entries to residential streets.

Internal traffic movement:-

Since these areas were never designed to take in other diverse functions that get evolved over time space

structure is not at all attuned to cater to the pressures that it comes under there is a constant vehicular

pedestrian conflict due to a free vehicular access to all these three components hence there is lack of space

for pedestrian since no such independent movement structure was initially planned for south extension.

In order to decongest the colonies of south extension due to increased vehicular movement in the area, the

Delhi traffic police has implemented ―one way scheme‖.

The vehicles can enter south extension part – II from ring road via the road near Meharsons Jewellers. For

existing they will have to follow one-way and can exit near McDonald outlet and reach the ring road.


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One of the major reasons of expansion of the south extension market from a local neighbourhood to the city

level commercial area is that tertiary streets were wide and easily accessible from the ring road.

The major development has been seen on ring road which have been totally converted into shopping areas,

banks etc.


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CONCLUSION

The planning is done in such a way so as to distinguish the edge conditions , intermediate zone

and private domain through static spaces such as green area ,schools etc.

One of the main reason of expansion of south extension market from a local neighbour hood

market to the city level commercial area is that the tertiary streets are wide and easily accessible

fromthe ring road

Proper parking spaces for fully commercialised zone are designated along with the commercial

zone.

Traffic movement in the colonies of south extension followed one way scheme so as to reduce

the congestion in the colonies .

Open versus built ratio is equally distributed.

Congestion along the streets has increased due to simultaneous vehicular and pedestrian

movement.

The quality of markets environment is greatly affected due to interruptions in pedestrian traffic

flow adjacent to retail establishments .

Increased demand and massive amounts of space required for parking due to its expansion from

a local neighbourhood to city level commercial area


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CITY CENTRE AT LAKE SALT , KOLKATA

“City Centre is also known as good shopping mall"

City Centre is a place to meet your friends or your fiancée or your relatives, seat under the sky in a huge open

space and spend your time as long as you want. None will ask you to leave the place before 9pm. You can

enjoy the time with snacks, coffee, hot tea, ice cream etc. whichever you want. A large number of good and

quality restaurants is there. For your entertainment, Inox is also present at City Centre with its multiplex

facility. City Centre is also known as good shopping mall.

INTRODUCTION

Kolkata got a unique Landmark called City Centre at the Salt Lake in the eastern part of the city on the 5th of

June 2004. City centre has emerged as a single preferred destination addressing multifarious needs for the

entire family. The City Centre was conceived not only as a shopping mall but also as an office complex, a

residential area and a lot more. A confluence as it was, of all needs and also a solution to it.

City Centre Kolkata's first integrated multi–utility facility that is located at Salt Lake has been promoted by

Bengal Ambuja Metropolitan Development Authority, a venture between Kolkata Metropolitan Development

Authority

Confluence is the essence of the City Centre a confluence to functionality and aesthetics. Though it looks

very compact it houses an 1100 seater multiplex and an assortment of around 250 establishment‘s offerings a

wide range of products and services attempting to meet all needs of customer of all age groups.

LOCATION:-

It is located at Salt Lake City, Block-3, Kolkata. City Center was established in 5th June of 2004.


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Time to Visit: 9.30 A.M. - 10.30 P.M

Preferred Timings: Any time convenient to you. The City Center is a state-of-the-art entertainment

zone and you don't encounter chaos and the teeming crowds that characterizes the quintessential Kolkata

market. Every aspect of customer satisfaction are well looked after here

Admission Fee: Nil

How to Reach: The City Center at Salt Lake City is well connected by local buses, mini buses and

metered taxis. Auto Rickshaws on share basis also ply to City Center

Photography / Video charges: Nil

Nearest Railway Station: Bidhan Nagar

Nearest Metro Station:: Dum Dume

Nearest International Airport: Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport

Time required for sightseeing: About 2 hours

Special Event / Annual Event: All major festive occasions of various religious denominations like

Durga Puja, Diwali, Christmas, Id etc

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Swabhumi, Nicco Park, Science City Detailed Content of City Center, Salt Lake.

The City Center at Salt Lake city Kolkata is a building of stupendous dimension and one of the latest

addition to the city's glittering skyline. This architectural marvel has been designed by legendary architect

Charles Correa who is regarded by many as one of contemporary India's most visionary architect.

Architect’s intension:-

Salt Lake City Center will reveal Correa's stunning architectural mind. For instance, The Plaza has been

designed in such an aesthetic manner that has elements of a typical Kolkata Bazaar which blends

harmoniously with the state-of-the-art surroundings. Not only that, the concept of "Kund" or reservoir has

been applied in the Pedestrain Plaza which makes for a rather cool shopping environment, far removed from

the hustle and bustle of the quintessential Kolkata Bazaar. And, to further accentuate the aesthetic appeal, an

exclusive zone where portrait painters can be seen deftly using their brushes to create masterpieces.


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Wherever your eyes gaze, the unmistakable "Correa Effect" will transport you to the realms of a fairy tale

world.

City Center, designed by Charles Correa, is spread over six acre and is built in 22 months at an estimated

cost of Rs 120 Crores. City Center represents a unique confluence of shopping malls, cineplexes,

entertainment areas, food courts, offices, feet of land and residences amidst open spaces, lush green and

contours over a sprawling space of half a million square feet of and much more. City Centre has seven

buildings for retail and commercial outlets and structure housing the Inox multiplex each of its seven

buildings is inter connected. Elaborate seating arrangements have been made in a large expanse of open

space, christened Kund, plus there is a fountain and a 19th century tram in the exhibition area. There is

parking space for 800 cars: 14 entry and exit points and large spaces to amble around.

There are several aspects to City Centre. Its inclusiveness for one. With no boundaries to separate it from the

street, it is open to everyone all income and age groups. The architecture of the complex embodies the spirit

of Kolkata. The central kund and numerous nooks and corners are created to fuel the city‘s best know

passion – adda. Add to that the Kalighat paintings and the art wall to complement the cities artistic heritage.

There‘s a Raj touch in the restored horse drawn tramcar from where the visitors can collect city memorabilia.

Apart from outlets of various branded wears, jewellery shops , coffee shops , departmental stores and a

multiplex theatre it also has care and compassion, in the store Akriti where NGOs showcase products, made

by the less privileged showcase products.

City centre tries to cater to every segment of society. Branded stores rub shoulders with their unbranded

cousins, the ubiquitous muri – wala and chayer dokan (Tea Junction) reach out to visitors along with café

coffee day, pizza hut and their ilk. Heritage, culture and indomitable kolkata spirit are not trampled over by

rampant commercialism as a vintage tram; an innetant art wall and an NGO pavilion stake their claim with

gentle persuasiveness.


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FLOORPLANS

Commercial Blocks

Ground Floor First Floor

Third Floor

Fourth Floor

Second Floor

Fifth Floor

http://www.citycentrekolkata.com/ground.htm

http://www.citycentrekolkata.com/first_floor.htm

http://www.citycentrekolkata.com/second_floor.htm

http://www.citycentrekolkata.com/third_floor.htm

http://www.citycentrekolkata.com/fourth_floor.htm

http://www.citycentrekolkata.com/fifth_floor.htm


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FACT SHEET:-

Size of Mall 4,00,000 sq ft.

Gross Leasable

Area

3 Lac sqft

Average

elevation

Ground + 3

Positioning

/USP

A Mixed – Use Development incorporating ‗Mall as

well as a "High Street" Shopping experience

Tenant Mix (Percentage of fashion, food and entertainment)

Fashion 36.5 %

Entertainment 0.9%

Food 9.5 %

White Goods/

Electronics

1.2 %

Banqueting 0.6 %

Telecommunication 0.9%


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Services

Office & Commercial 16.8%

Gifts & Stationary 4.4 %

Services 1.2 %

Others 27.9 %

Normal business hours 10.30am to

8.30 pm

Days of week open All seven days

Today, what one admires at Salt Lake, Kolkata as City Center, is a product of the vision of the avant-garde

designer Charles Correa, who aptly incorporated a confluence of functionality and aesthetics while

envisioning this grand space.

Though it looks very compact, it houses an 1100 seater multiplex and an assortment of around 250

establishments offerings a wide range of products and services attempting to meet all needs of customer of

all age groups.

Positioning/USP

A Mixed – Use Development incorporating ‗Mall as well as a ―High Street ―Shopping experience

Tenant Mix at City Center, Salt Lake, Kolkata: (percentage of fashion, food and entertainment.

Some specific features of City Center are mentioned below:

It includes not only market area but also office complex and residential areas.


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City Center provides a unique confluence of shopping malls, multiplex theater, entertainment areas, food

joints.

A number of restaurants are present with their delicious Chinese, Thai, Italian and Indian food at an

affordable price.

City Center provides more than one good substandard toilet facility.

Escalator and lifts are available in this complex.

City Center remains open from 10.30am to 8.30 pm everyday.

The centerpiece of activity is of course the Mall where unending rows of shops catering to a wide

variety of products are available. There is a Departmental store as well which would put any Mall in

downtown Manhattan to shame. If you have come with kids who are the naughtiest in town, don't you worry.

There is an exclusive entertainment zone with all kinds of sci-fi and activity oriented games that keep the

young ones buzzing. Apart from shopping, there is an exclusive 40,000 sq. feet of the finest office space

available and many IT companies have already set up shops at this exlusive address in town.

Then, there is the 1000 seater Cineplex, among the best in India, with ultra modern audio visual gadgets.

The City Center Cineplex has indeed revolutionized the way people watch movies in this part of the

world.Once you have finished your shopping binge, would you not like to sit down peacefully on the terrace

restaurant, enjoying the majestic sweep of the Salt Lake skyline and munch your popcorns with your

beloved? Yes, the Bengali's romance for food is legendary and at the Food Court you have every imaginable

recipes topamper your tastebuds. The ice-cream parlor is a perennial favorite with the Gen X crowd.

The charm of City Center is such that it captivates people's senses and the master architect that Correa

is, he has made adequate provisions for people who wouldn't mind spending a night or two in the sylvan

surroundings of City Center in Salt Lake city Kolkata. There are 60 signature apartments, duplexes and even

a few Triplexes which are tucked away from the commercial hub and provide unmatched luxury.Today, the

Salt Lake City Center Kolkata is not just a Mall where you go shopping and come back home with the

goodies. It is much, much more than that. It s a lifestyle. A lifestyle where the sheer enormity of the complex

will compel you to shed your inhibitions about space and the modern concept of "Compact living" which we

are so used to, particularly in cities where space is at a premium.


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REDEVELOPMNET OF CITY CENTRE, KAMYARAN

Kamyaran, a small city (50000 people) in southern part of

Kurdistan County which acts as a commercial and

administrational center for a large number of surrounding

villages, has been socio economically transforming during the

last

decade. The average income of people has been increased due

to, in country scale, raising the price of oil as the main economic

source of country, and at local scale being near to the border and

getting involved with illegal export of gas to newly formed

Kurdish government in Iraq. On the other side, a new emerging

generation of young families, mainly working in governmental

offices in conjunction with rural to urban migration flow has brought about a huge

demand of housing, which has pushed the city toward more development mainly in two

following patterns:

SATELLITE COMMUNITIES: These are vacant lands or small existing villages in the

periphery of city which have had potential for

development (Figure 3). Since the city is surrounded by

hills, with only few suitable land for housing

available, and also the agricultural lands by law

cannot be used for this purpose, this development policy

have not been able to meet the housing demand solely.

INWARD DEVELOPMENT: As the existing city is of relatively low density- around

90 people per hectare- with mostly one story old

structures, along with compact street network,

densification of current city in form of replacing

existing building with new 3-4 stories

But as a direct effect of these developments, due to the

shortage of main services in new peripheral communities from one side and inflexibility of the current

structure of city to provide new centers in densified parts on the other side, central part which accommodates

the main shopping streets and car and pedestrian traffic distribution hubs, has been undergone an

increasingly surplus physical and functional pressure. This part as the physical

center and also main entrance of city which shapes the first and main image of it

in residents and visitor‘s mind, is suffering from several problems including

among others pedestrian overcrowding due to improper layout of sidewalks,

traffic jams, old and low quality of buildings along main streets (Figure 7)and

lack of public and green spaces. While other parts of city are being regenerated,

this part is still intact, because of the commercial character of the area which does

not allow a


63

pause on its life and also a problematic properties ownership which has made the investment a sort of risky to

do. Besides, the municipality does not have enough administrative power and also financial resources to deal

with the area. This project establishes a framework to not only deal with the current problems of the area, but

also improve its formal and functional character in a way which will be proportionate to the development of

city and resulting demands in future. The analysis of the area and the context was done in three hierarchical

scales and at every scale, different kinds of strategies and instructions have been proposed (Figure 2) which

all is integrated and in the same line:

1. CITY AND THE REGION SCALE (URBAN PLANNING SCALE): Kamyaran as a small service city can prevent or slow the migration flow

to two nearby big cities, Sanandaj and Kermanshah (Figure 3), which

had their own bigger problems. In this way, two strategies are proposed

to help the city be an attractive habitat for both current

residents and prospective migrates:

Providing new residential developments and also

densified neighborhoods with required services like open

spaces, playgrounds and schools. They should be connected

to the city structure in order to enhance the mobility and

urbanity in those areas. This strategy improves

attractiveness of new developments and at the same time

associates with reducing the pressure on the current center

in terms of lessening the number of travels to the main

core.

Development of current linier center and convert

the linear center of city to a more district like center

(regeneration plan)

2. CITY CENTER SCALE (URBAN DESIGN SCALE): Here the strategy of center redevelopment which was mentioned in

city scale is followed in detail. According to the analysis, the quick

development of city has already pushed some commercial activities from

main streets to adjacent residential tissue (Figure 8). In this way the current

center which is constituted by three main commercial streets which

are the main traffic thoroughfares too and intersect

each other in the central part (Figure 4), in a gradual process is

transforming to a commercial district in the central part. So a

master plan for the regeneration of the area has been provided to

regulate

this process and make it more efficient by defining a mixed land use regime (Figure 9) and new pattern for

blocks and street network (Figure 10). The master plan considers majorly the

southern part of the central intersection as a potential area for being redeveloped, as in other parts topography

is a barrier. As, the existing buildings in this area are of old low-rise old structure have been built on small

pieces of land with an average area of 90 square meters, the land accumulation strategy is proposed to provide small lots with the opportunity to be assembled together and form a bigger lot suitable for being developed.


64

Regarding to the importance of the main streets façade and also the corner buildings especially in the central

intersection, some architectural projects have been defined as ‗unique projects‘ which should be designed

carefully.thes architectural projects are a accommodating some functions which are really needed for the city

such as cinema, shopping center, recreational space and they also have a character to take a special

architectural form to give identity to the area. These projects are discussed in third scale.

3. Architectural scale: given the areas, boundaries and

the function of specified projects roughly from regeneration

master plan, which are mainly located around the central

intersection to improve and also emphasis on its central

character (Figure 13), architectural design for four

buildings-projects has been practiced:

The first project is a mixed used building in the

corner of central intersection which the current land is used

as a garage. The main function of the building is to be a

small cinema with a capacity of 400 seats which is seriously

lacking in the city. But as cinema can make dead facades,

some other functions have been added in the edge

including retails in the ground floor and a tiny hostel on the

second and third floor which makes the building living at

night. As the walking is still the dominant mean of travel

trough city and also due to the shortage of land in the

central part, no parking places has been planned for the

cinema. The form of building has been tried to define the

corner properly.

The second project is designing a new edge (fence)

in the eastern part of the intersection which is currently


65

occupied by ICT (Information Technology and

Communication) head building with a poor design. It has

been tried that in the new edge the venders which now are

agglomerating in front of ICT building, are provided with some

small spaces for their business. The third project is four stories

mixed use complex

which accommodates a shopping center and offices in the

ground and first floor and small and medium size

apartments in the third and fourth floor. This complex has

been designed with of a compact structure and the

inspiration is form traditional Iranian bazaar.

The shopping center can be accessed from several points

and the shops have been organized around a central

corridor with skylights on the top for providing accessing

corridors with proper daylight. As in the cinema, it has

been tried to add residential units to the complex to give it life at

night and also at holidays.

In this way a special consideration has been made in designing and the layout the flats to

get the minimum effects of the crowdedness of the center. All residential units have their

own private access from courtyards in the second floor which accommodates the children

playgrounds too. In addition, all the apartments have a small private yard which the

bedrooms are facing into them. The basement has been dedicated to the parking places

which is accessed from a minor street located in the back of complex. Since a big part of

current land for this complex is used by a small medical center, a new well designed and

compact center instead has been provided in the southern corner of the building. In

designing the building it has been tried that new building to make an attractive façade to

the main street.

As there are almost no open or green spaces around city center, the last project is

making use of the specious wasted space in the middle of intersection in order to create a

small square for people to sit, hang out and other recreational activities such as taking a

coffee. This small park –like square has been planned at one story below the street level to

be partly protected from the noise and pollution. A few shops, a coffeshop and a restaurant

have been provided in this small park which is accessed by two circular ramps.


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67


68


69


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Background

The four bays that are now called Erie Street Market were originally built as Toledo‘s

principal food distribution center in 1908. Labeled in old drawings as City Market, Bays 1

through 3 were designed to accommodate farmers‘ trucks using a classic food market layout. In

1929, the city added the auditorium for exhibitions and public meetings; this space is now known

as Bay 4. Since the 1940s, the outdoor farmers‘ market has been in operation at this site.

The city eliminated the indoor wholesale produce market in 1966. By the late 1980s, the

City of Toledo was using the buildings as warehouse storage for its Department of Natural

Resources. The site was chosen for a new mixed-used development project that included a

multi-vendor food market, similar in concept to historic public markets in Cleveland, Columbus,

and Cincinnati. A Libbey Glass Factory Outlet became a major tenant for the project.

Unfortunately, the decision was made to locate the food market in the auditorium space, Bay

4. Unlike all three other bays, Bay 4 does not have the physical characteristics that would make

a good market hall: it is too big, the stage blocks access from the rear parking lot, the ceiling

configuration makes it difficult to access for ventilation and exhaust hoods, and the space has no

retail ―presence‖ on the outside. Perhaps most distressing, Bay 4 is farthest away from the

outdoor farmers‘ market sheds, which would have provided strong synergy between the two food

concepts, particularly since a goal of the project is to enhance the outdoor farmers‘ market.

When the Market opened in 1997, it was not ready. Political considerations drove the

decision to open the Market when it did, but there were not enough vendors in place to meet the

needs of customers or to fulfill the promises of the marketing campaign. The result was

disappointed customers, who were promised a certain shopping experience which the Market

failed to deliver. In the highly competitive arena of food retailing, there are plenty of other

stores where customers can meet their needs and, overall, the fresh food vendors at Erie Street

Market did not meet the challenge.

In addition to not being ready, the vendors‘ stalls were not designed or outfitted in a way

that would allow them to succeed. For example, the stalls were generally too small, they had the

wrong equipment, lighting was inadequate and of the wrong type to best highlight the products,

signage was poor, and the space looked amateurship, such as the use of painted cement blocks

rather than tile on the walls. Aisles ended in blank walls. The demonstration kitchen was poorly

located and designed, so it could not have proper ventilation or provide a comfortable seating

area for participants. In general, the food market was not designed or developed to succeed.

Another problem has been Market management. Successful public markets typically have

strong and consistent management which has the vision, skills, and resources to guide the

institution. In Toledo, the Erie Street Market has gone through seven managers in five years,

reflecting the Market‘s struggle with leadership and the political turmoil surrounding the project,

and causing some of the problems the Market now faces. Until this year, the outdoor farmers‘

market has had separate management from the rest of the complex, stifling opportunities to

enhance both elements. In addition to individual managers, the sponsorship of the Market has

bounced between organizations.

Even when tenants could be found to rent the stalls, the city moved too slowly in getting the

businesses opened when it came to installing plumbing, exhaust hoods, electrical hook-ups, etc.

Small retail food businesses need to be nimble and efficient to compete with major supermarkets.

Unfortunately, neither the physical space, the development process, nor the mix of tenants


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provided the environment where businesses could thrive.

Parking has been identified as a problem at the Market, particularly by the farmers who sell

at the outdoor farmers‘ market. On Saturdays in season, the rear parking lot becomes congested

and it can be difficult to find a parking spot.

Potential The fundamental potential to create a successful public market in Toledo remains. On the

demand side, the city is large enough to sustain a public market of reasonable size and the

willingness of customers to visit the Market is proven by the success of the outdoor farmers‘

market and Libbey Glass. As mentioned above, at times the Market did attract substantial

numbers of customers. The demand analysis section of the feasibility study done in 1997

appears to be reasonably sound and there is little reason to expect that the conclusions would be

much different seven years later (the latest census data on the Toledo MSA shows a population

of 609,000 people, which is nearly three times as large as the Portland, Maine MSA, where the

Portland Public Market is located). If anything, the growth of housing in the Warehouse District

provides more potential demand for food at the Erie Street Market. Like all successful

downtown public markets, Erie Street Market needs to capture only a small percentage of the

dollars spent on food from a fairly wide geographic area in order to have vendors achieve

adequate sales that can lead to profitability and the ability to pay adequate rents. The success of

public markets in Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati, among other cities, suggests that Toledo

has the inherent capacity to sustain a public market, assuming it is built, tenanted, and operated

correctly. The key will be to create a development that appeals to consumers from throughout

the area. This will need to be substantially better than what they have perceived the Erie Street

Market to be so far.

At the same time, competition has increased since the Market was first developed. New

supermarkets have opened in the area, including a new Churchill‘s Market in Briarfield which

provides a very high-end shopping experience along with prepared food on premises in the

store‘s own café. Improvements to the Warehouse District, including better signage to the

Market, must continue to be made to overcome area residents‘ concern about the area. There

will need to be a visible security presence in the area.

Redevelopment Concept The goals for the Market, enunciated in the 1993 study and listed above, still make sense for

the project and should be reaffirmed.

In keeping with the original vision and the experience of successful public markets, the

redeveloped Erie Street Market will house small, independent food retailers, primarily owneroperators,

who sell a variety of fresh foods along with some food to eat on premises. The

emphasis will be on foods that come from local farmers and food producers. If implemented

properly, the Market will be able to compete successfully with supermarkets and specialty food

stores because of the unique product offerings, the customer service provided by business

owners, and the special shopping experience offered within the market hall and the adjacent

outdoor farmers‘ market.

To be successful, Erie Street Market must make a radical break from the present. The

problems described above must be solved in one fell swoop, not incrementally, and customers

must be convinced that the old Market is gone and that the new operation will meet their needs

and not disappoint them again.


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The project team explored various design and development solutions that might turn the

food hall around in its present location but determined that nothing could overcome the inherent

flaws of Bay 4. The food market must be relocated to another bay. In addition to a better

location, the layout, stall design, fixturing, and tenant mix must all be different for the Market to

succeed. Furthermore, the history of political intervention and the management turmoil must not

be repeated. An added benefit of moving the food hall from Bay 4 is that existing merchants

who will lease space in the new space can continue to operate while the new Market hall is

readied.

In brief, the proposed redevelopment concept is as follows. The Antique Mall, which

currently operates on a month-to-month lease in Bay 2, is removed from the Market. Efforts

should be made to relocate this business elsewhere in the Warehouse District. Libbey Glass then

relocates from Bay 1 to Bay 2, which should cause minimal disruption because the footprint of

the two bays is the same and Libbey can reuse its fixtures, lights, etc. The food market can then

move from Bay 4 to Bay 1, which will require some physical changes, described below. Among

a variety of positive attributes, Bay 1 is the proper size for the food market, the addition of glass

storefronts can create an external retail presence on three sides, it is adjacent to the outdoor

farmers‘ market, and it is nearer to parking. A crafts market stays in Bay 3. For Bays 1 through

3, it is recommended that the currently underutilized front hallway be eliminated and that

retailing be brought up to the building edge on South Erie Street, to create the sense that this is a

retail environment. Bay 4 reverts back to its original function as an events space.

Site plan The proposed site plan for the Market is attached and labeled ―Site Plan.‖

A principal objective of the site plan is to increase the amount of parking available to

customers at the Market, particularly for the outdoor farmers‘ market, since a number of farmers

have identified parking as their biggest problem. At present, customers prefer to park in the rear

lot adjacent to the outdoor sheds, which has 155 spaces. The parking lot in front of the building,

which has 205 spaces, is less used because it is perceived as far away and because traffic driving

down S. Erie Street creates a psychological barrier between the parking lot and the Market.

Since there are no good opportunities for adding a new parking lot anywhere near the outdoor

farmers‘ market, the solution is to add new parking around the building, where possible, and to

better utilize the existing parking lots.

Market Street offers a critical opportunity to solve several problems. Market Street, which

runs along the northern edge of the building adjacent to Bay 1, currently feels like an alleyway

and it offers no customer parking. To improve this street and enhance the Market, the site plan

shows the removal of a twenty foot wide section of the building that is basically an adjunct to

Bay 1. This section runs the length of Market Street but is not an integral part of the building.

The easterly half of this space (toward the rear parking lot) is currently used by the Libbey Glass

Outlet for storage, while the westerly half is used by the city‘s Traffic Department for

maintenance workshops and a traffic signal room. Libbey‘s storage can be accommodated

elsewhere in the building. The Traffic Department‘s workshops, which appear to consist of

wooden tables and small tools for repairs, should find a home in a different city building. The

traffic signal room is more complicated because it is a central node for all the city‘s traffic lights.

From visual inspection, the feeds appear to be low voltage telephone wires which enter the


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Market at the corner of Market Street and Erie Street from an underground conduit. Since the

wires are coming from this place already, the traffic signal computer room should be relocated to

a slightly enlarged and waterproofed room in the basement right where the wires enter the

building. This should minimize the cost of relocation while freeing up this important corner for

the Market.

With this 20‘ wide section gone, Market Street becomes wide enough to accommodate

angled parking. A large awning is proposed for the side of the building as an expansion of the

outdoor farmers‘ market. This area can accommodate larger farmers who have trouble bringing

their larger trucks into the current farmers‘ market configuration. When the farmers are not

there, Market Street will gain 20 angled parking spaces for customer parking. Removing the

addition also creates the opportunity for making an entrance into the food market at mid-block

with a glass retail storefront and to add glass at the building corners. Since the awning is so

wide, a skylight is proposed within the awnings at mid-block, over the new building entrance.

The site plan shows wide sidewalks (or ―bump outs‖) at both corners of the Market, which

serve to narrow the length of the crosswalks to the front parking lot and the outdoor farmers‘

market. With these changes and some landscaping, Market Street will be transformed from an

alley into a vibrant market street. On farmers‘ market days, when farmers are selling in this

zone, the front parking lot will be perceived as close to the farmers‘ market sheds and therefore

used by customers, vastly reducing the parking problem at the outdoor farmers‘ market.

The site plan also shows new angled parking on both sides of S. Erie Street, which replaces

the existing wide but underutilized sidewalks. This step will require relocating the bus stop from

the front of the building, preferably to the next block so the Market will still be convenient to bus

riders. The angled parking provides two functions: it increases the number of parking spaces to

56 and it helps narrow S. Erie Street so it is more pedestrian friendly. The slowing down oftraffic on this

street will make the large parking lot across the street from the Market much more usable by customers. With all of these improvements, the number of parking spaces in and around Erie Street Market will increase

to 469 spaces.


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Bay 1: Market Hall

The food market in Bay 1 must be tenanted with a full complement of passionate,

knowledgeable and skilled food merchants who are good salespeople and who offer a broad

range of fresh foods that meet the needs of local consumers. The merchandise sold in the market

must be focused on locally grown or produced foods, with direct links to local farmers.

In general, vendors who produce their own products or who have exclusive relationships

with area farmers or food producers make the best public market tenants. In part, this is because

these types of vendors are very knowledgeable about their products and share their enthusiasm

with customers. From an economic perspective, vendors who offer unique products or services

are not confined to the market price for their goods. This is critical because public market

vendors generally cannot compete with supermarkets on price: supermarkets are more efficient

operations (and therefore can be profitable with lower gross margins) and can purchase on a

wholesale level more cheaply because of their large scale. The answer for public market vendors

is to sell what supermarkets do not and to constantly innovate and excel in customer service.

Since supermarkets are getting better at sourcing foods locally, it is no longer enough just to

have local foods. The one item supermarkets cannot buy, guaranteed, is the one that is made by

the public market vendor. The shopping experience is enhanced when the products are made onpremises,

in view of the customer.


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CONCLUSION

The drawing labeled ―Interior Layout‖ shows a schematic design of the proposed interior.

While Bays 1 to 3 keep their basic configuration, the wide interior corridor on the Erie Street

side of the building is eliminated and all three bays extend to the building edge. The large arced

entrances which are now solid walls are replaced with glazing so the building creates a retail

presence on the street. In this plan, the bathrooms are able to remain as currently situated. Bay

4, including the front corridor and the restaurant space, is not altered.

.

Seating zones are scattered throughout the space. All told, the plan shows 225 seats. This is

a substantial number, but unlike the current configuration, the seating areas are small and

scattered so a customer will not feel conspicuous if she is the only person in a seating area.

Vendors selling similar products are spread out around the Market, which encourages

customers to walk throughout the Market to comparison shop. The placement of vendors is

carefully considered to maximize the visual impact on customers and to meet the particular needs

of each tenant, particularly in terms of storage, cooking, and prep space. During the leasing

process, flexibility is required to match the right use with the right space. Adjustments might be

necessary to meet tenants‘ operating needs, although care should be taken not to radically alter

the design layout or the circulation flow.

An emphasis on efficiency is critical. This is true for the design of each vendor‘s space as

well as the Market as a whole. Bay 1 should be less expensive to operate than Bay 4 because it

has better natural lighting and it has less volume which should reduce the cost of HVAC. At the

same time, the design must catapult the Market to the forefront of food retailing in the area and

create an environment where customers will enjoy visiting. Bay 1 is already a dramatic space

with a great ―market feel,‖ so the needed changes are minimal.


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REFRENCES:-

DELHI MASTER PLAN -2021 (ZONE –J).

Redstone, Louis G : NEW DIMENSIONS IN SHOPPING CENTRES AND STORES,

McGraw Hill Company, 1973.

Maitland, Barry :THE NEW ARCHITECTURE OF THE RETAIL MALL ;

Architectural Design and Technology Press, London, 1990.

Map of Sonepat District showing Kachche Quarter area.

T.S.S Standards for landscape design and building typology.

Architectural thesis :- Redeveloping the market place by: Ms. Sharanya Ramanan, ud-

6799 , p.g. student in urban design , c.e.p.t., ahmedabad.

Gruen victor and smith, larry : SHOPPING TOWNS, U.S.A : The planning of

shopping centres, Van Nostrand reinhold, New York, 1960

Survey by :- Amit yadav.

Thesis guide :- Ar. Lalit kumar.

Documents

Amit Prelm Report