Among Users of the Ubiquitous Internet Jeremy J. Shapiro Linda F. Crafts Richard L. Daniels Fielding Graduate Institute Jeremy J. Shapiro Linda F. Crafts

Among Users of theAmong Users of the Ubiquitous Internet Ubiquitous InternetAmong Users of theAmong Users of the Ubiquitous Internet Ubiquitous Internet

Jeremy J. ShapiroJeremy J. ShapiroLinda F. CraftsLinda F. CraftsRichard L. DanielsRichard L. DanielsFielding Graduate InstituteFielding Graduate Institute

Jeremy J. ShapiroJeremy J. ShapiroLinda F. CraftsLinda F. CraftsRichard L. DanielsRichard L. DanielsFielding Graduate InstituteFielding Graduate Institute

Multiple Realities, Multiple Selves and Multiple Places

Multiple Realities, Multiple Selves and Multiple Places

A Progress Report…A Progress Report…

“In modern everyday life, it is difficult (and becoming impossible) to definitively classify experience as ‘real’ or ‘not real’; it is more helpful to determine the degree or ‘accent’ of reality in an event....We must now reinterpret these works [of Schutz and Goffman] in light of technologies that create new social worlds which must be examined, yet can not be located among the coordinates of our physical universe.”

“In modern everyday life, it is difficult (and becoming impossible) to definitively classify experience as ‘real’ or ‘not real’; it is more helpful to determine the degree or ‘accent’ of reality in an event....We must now reinterpret these works [of Schutz and Goffman] in light of technologies that create new social worlds which must be examined, yet can not be located among the coordinates of our physical universe.”

“How different human life would be if people remained constantly in only one realm!”“How different human life would be if people remained constantly in only one realm!”

Murray S. Davis, 1983Murray S. Davis, 1983

Mary Chayko, 1993Mary Chayko, 1993

Multiple: Realities, Selves, PlacesMultiple: Realities, Selves, Places

Multiple Realitiesas

Multiple Dimensions of

Experience

Schutz, Goffman

Multiple Selves/Identities

Turkle

Chayko

Self-Technology-World Mediation

Ihde, Mumford

Self-Place Mediation

Seamon, Alexander

Phenomenological Research Phenomenological Research Frameworks Frameworks

Schutz Van Manen

The Four Existentials:•Space•Time•Corporeality•Relationality

Specific Cognitive Style of a "Reality" or "Finite Province of Meaning":

•Specific tension of consciousness•Specific suspension of doubt•Prevalent form of spontaneity•Specific form of experiencing one's self •Specific form of sociality•Specific time-perspective• Inner consistency and compatibility of experiences •Specific accent of reality•Untranslatability into other reality•Specific shock of transition to other reality

Phenomenological Research - Phenomenological Research - ExemplarsExemplars

Murray Davis,Smut

Iris Marion Young,Throwing Like a Girl

The shift out of everyday realityThe slide into erotic reality

Research based on Merleau-Ponty's notion:

“The most primordial intentional act is the motion of the body orienting itself with

respect to and moving within its surroundings.”-- Young, Throwing Like

a Girl

Multiple RealitiesMultiple Realities

The Multiple Realities of

Jeremy

Musical Reality

Workaday Reality

The Reality

of Writing/

The Reality of Marriage

The Reality

of Dreams

The Reality of Mystical Experience

Erotic Reality

Etc.

“All of the other manifold social relationships are derived from the originary experiencing of the totality of the Other's self in the community of time and space....In none of them does the self of the Other become accessible to the partner as a unity. The Other appears merely as a partial self, as originator of these and those acts, which I do not share in a vivid present. There is a particular quasi-present in which I interpret the mere outcome of the Other's communicating -- the written letter, the printed book -- without having participated in the ongoing process of communicating acts.”

“All of the other manifold social relationships are derived from the originary experiencing of the totality of the Other's self in the community of time and space....In none of them does the self of the Other become accessible to the partner as a unity. The Other appears merely as a partial self, as originator of these and those acts, which I do not share in a vivid present. There is a particular quasi-present in which I interpret the mere outcome of the Other's communicating -- the written letter, the printed book -- without having participated in the ongoing process of communicating acts.”

Alfred Schutz, On Multiple Realities, 1945Alfred Schutz, On Multiple Realities, 1945

Multiple SelvesMultiple Selves

The Multiple Selves of Jeremy

Jeremy the

TravelerJeremy

the Lover

Jeremy the

Student

Jeremy the

Teacher

Jeremy the

French Speaker

Jeremy the

German Speaker

Jeremy the

Dreamer

Jeremy the

Political Activitist

Etc.

Multiple Selves in RelationMultiple Selves in Relation

The Multiple Selves-in-Relation of

Jeremy

Jeremy in relation to

Pamela (wife)

Jeremy in relation to Shelley

Jeremy in relation

to Daniel (brother)

Jeremy in relation to Rick

(student)


Linda (student)


Charles (dean)


Joe (doorman)

Jeremy in relation to Mommy (mother)

Etc.

colleague

friend

co-author

Our research is not…Our research is not…

Postmodernist theory of no self

or subject

Multiple Personality

Disorder model

The Research so far…The Research so far…

1. Have you ever communicated with the same person using multiple media at the same time? How did you experience the person, the communication, yourself in each of these media?

2. What has been your experience of engaging in or sustaining relationships with people from different places?

3. Are you aware of any difference in the way you experience your physical self when you are communicating in virtual space?

4. Would you think of an instance when you were doing two or more activities at the same time. What was it like to do some of these things?

5. What was your sense of time in that experience?

1. Have you ever communicated with the same person using multiple media at the same time? How did you experience the person, the communication, yourself in each of these media?

2. What has been your experience of engaging in or sustaining relationships with people from different places?

3. Are you aware of any difference in the way you experience your physical self when you are communicating in virtual space?

4. Would you think of an instance when you were doing two or more activities at the same time. What was it like to do some of these things?

5. What was your sense of time in that experience?

Sample QuestionsSample Questions

Lived SpaceLived Space

Lived BodyLived BodyLived TimeLived Time

Lived OtherLived Other

Sample Size 9 In-Person 4 Telephone 5

Sample Size 9 In-Person 4 Telephone 5

Tape RecordedTape Recorded Transcripts into NVivoTranscripts into NVivoInterviewsInterviews

Preliminary Themes and IssuesPreliminary Themes and Issues

Features and issues of subjectivity in multiple Features and issues of subjectivity in multiple communication channels with multiple ICT's in/from communication channels with multiple ICT's in/from multiple placesmultiple places Focus and attention states, distractionFocus and attention states, distraction PrioritizationPrioritization Context, ongoing evaluation and decision in contextContext, ongoing evaluation and decision in context Boundaries and leakageBoundaries and leakage Parallel processing vs. time-slicing modelsParallel processing vs. time-slicing models Sense of different rates of time flow among individual Sense of different rates of time flow among individual

channels or of total time flowchannels or of total time flow Over-all sense of the self and its locationOver-all sense of the self and its location




ContinuaContinua Comfort vs. stress with multiple communicationComfort vs. stress with multiple communication Phone as normative modelPhone as normative model Being "good" at multi-taskingBeing "good" at multi-tasking

ContinuaContinua Comfort vs. stress with multiple communicationComfort vs. stress with multiple communication Phone as normative modelPhone as normative model Being "good" at multi-taskingBeing "good" at multi-tasking


Self-related differences in/with different media or ICT Self-related differences in/with different media or ICT toolstools Preferences for different mediaPreferences for different media Self-relations in different mediaSelf-relations in different media Expectations about response and response time in Expectations about response and response time in

different mediadifferent media Communication styles in different mediaCommunication styles in different media Sense of personal authenticity in different media Sense of personal authenticity in different media

and the ability to detect itand the ability to detect it

Self-related differences in/with different media or ICT Self-related differences in/with different media or ICT toolstools Preferences for different mediaPreferences for different media Self-relations in different mediaSelf-relations in different media Expectations about response and response time in Expectations about response and response time in

different mediadifferent media Communication styles in different mediaCommunication styles in different media Sense of personal authenticity in different media Sense of personal authenticity in different media

and the ability to detect itand the ability to detect it


Other issuesOther issues Intrusion of media/technologyIntrusion of media/technology Communicating in one medium things not easily Communicating in one medium things not easily

communicable in anothercommunicable in another Multiple relationships in foreground and Multiple relationships in foreground and

backgroundbackground

Other issuesOther issues Intrusion of media/technologyIntrusion of media/technology Communicating in one medium things not easily Communicating in one medium things not easily

communicable in anothercommunicable in another Multiple relationships in foreground and Multiple relationships in foreground and

backgroundbackground


Features and issues of subjectivity in multiple Features and issues of subjectivity in multiple communication channels with multiple ICTs in/from communication channels with multiple ICTs in/from multiple placesmultiple places Focus and attention states, distractionFocus and attention states, distraction PrioritizationPrioritization Context, ongoing evaluation and decision in contextContext, ongoing evaluation and decision in context Boundaries and leakageBoundaries and leakage Parallel processing vs. time-slicing modelsParallel processing vs. time-slicing models Sense of different rates of time flow among individual Sense of different rates of time flow among individual


Robert:

“As long as, I have access to an Internet café or even through somebody else’s computer it doesn’t really matter where I have access. So more and more my life has kind of shifted over to that where my web presence is everywhere on the planet and all I have to do is find a way of getting at it you know...10 years ago when I went somewhere else I was leaving the place I was. Now I don’t feel like I am leaving the place I was and I don’t feel like I am going to a new place. The places are all collapsed to each other you know. It’s very difficult to put into words.“

Robert:

“As long as, I have access to an Internet café or even through somebody else’s computer it doesn’t really matter where I have access. So more and more my life has kind of shifted over to that where my web presence is everywhere on the planet and all I have to do is find a way of getting at it you know...10 years ago when I went somewhere else I was leaving the place I was. Now I don’t feel like I am leaving the place I was and I don’t feel like I am going to a new place. The places are all collapsed to each other you know. It’s very difficult to put into words.“




Jonathan:

“It’s sort of like you know playing a piano just like doing three against two, now it is just sort of keeping some relation between the two things that you are doing. Because you are the same person and also keeping each individual thing going at the rate or with the flow that is appropriate to it.”

Alicia:

“It’s actually not at the same time you see you are actually not doing it at the same, you are doing it like at different times because...when I talk to my friends I focus on that person if I go into some kind of Internet site after I will focus on the Internet site and then I see oh my friend is talking to me again so I go back to the friend and focus on that again. So it’s not like I focus on the same like all the things at the same time.”

Jonathan:

“It’s sort of like you know playing a piano just like doing three against two, now it is just sort of keeping some relation between the two things that you are doing. Because you are the same person and also keeping each individual thing going at the rate or with the flow that is appropriate to it.”

Alicia:

“It’s actually not at the same time you see you are actually not doing it at the same, you are doing it like at different times because...when I talk to my friends I focus on that person if I go into some kind of Internet site after I will focus on the Internet site and then I see oh my friend is talking to me again so I go back to the friend and focus on that again. So it’s not like I focus on the same like all the things at the same time.”


Features and issues of subjectivity in multiple Features and issues of subjectivity in multiple communication channels with multiple ICTs in/from communication channels with multiple ICTs in/from multiple placesmultiple places Focus and attention states, distractionFocus and attention states, distraction PrioritizationPrioritization Context, ongoing evaluation and decision in contextContext, ongoing evaluation and decision in context Boundaries and leakageBoundaries and leakage Parallel processing vs. time-slicing modelsParallel processing vs. time-slicing models Sense of different rates of time flow among individual Sense of different rates of time flow among individual


Alicia:

“It was kind of embarrassing and like when you know talking to 5 people at the same time you mean to say something to one of them and then you perhaps then say it to another person you are like in the wrong window and like it gets really confusing after some time.”

Alicia:

“It was kind of embarrassing and like when you know talking to 5 people at the same time you mean to say something to one of them and then you perhaps then say it to another person you are like in the wrong window and like it gets really confusing after some time.”

Preliminary Observations…Preliminary Observations…

Multiple identities and realities Multiple identities and realities emerge in idiosyncratic emerge in idiosyncratic configurations within complex configurations within complex interpersonal and technological interpersonal and technological structures and situations. They are structures and situations. They are generated ongoingly and unstably generated ongoingly and unstably through a combination of personal through a combination of personal choice, making do, and bricolage choice, making do, and bricolage based on context, personal and based on context, personal and interpersonal history, and interpersonal history, and self/social construction.self/social construction.

Multiple identities and realities Multiple identities and realities emerge in idiosyncratic emerge in idiosyncratic configurations within complex configurations within complex interpersonal and technological interpersonal and technological structures and situations. They are structures and situations. They are generated ongoingly and unstably generated ongoingly and unstably through a combination of personal through a combination of personal choice, making do, and bricolage choice, making do, and bricolage based on context, personal and based on context, personal and interpersonal history, and interpersonal history, and self/social construction.self/social construction.

Two Selves in InteractionTwo Selves in Interaction

Communication

Linda : the singular person Jeremy: the

singular person

Linda: the interpreted, projected

representation

Linda: the self-presentation

constructed in communication

Jeremy: the self-

presentation constructed in communication

Jeremy: the interpreted, projected

representation

Linda: the received, mediated

self

Jeremy: the

received, mediated

self

Three Selves in InteractionThree Selves in Interaction

Linda: the

singular person

Jeremy: the singular person

Linda 1: the self-


Jeremy 1: the self-


Rick: the singular person

Rick 2: the self-presentation


Jeremy 2: the self-


Rick 1: the self-presentation


Linda 2: the self-


Multiple Mediated SelvesMultiple Mediated Selves in Interaction in Interaction

Communication

Linda : the singular person

Jeremy: the singular person

Linda A : the self-presentation


Jeremy A : the self-presentation


: Linda B : the self-presentation


A mediated communication

channel :

phone


channel:

e-mail

Jeremy Bthe self-


Multiple Mediated Selves in ParallelMultiple Mediated Selves in Parallel

CommunicationLinda : the

singular personJeremy: the

singular person

Linda A: the interpreted, projected

representation

Linda A: the self-presentation


Jeremy A : the self-presentation


Jeremy A : the interpreted, projected

representation

Linda A: the received,

mediated self

Jeremy A : the received,

mediated self

Jeremy B : the self-


Linda B: the self-


Structural, inherent

properties

The channel/medium for the

individual

The specific context


channel :

phoneA mediated

communication channel:

phone

Structural, inherent

properties

The channel/medium for the

individual

The specific context


channel:

e-mail

The impact of technologyon the self

The impact of technologyon the self

Present Consciousness•Mutual Influence•Integration•Content•Technology Context•Other

•Social Relationship•Style in Using Technology•Manifestation of Multiple Other

•Managing Prioritization

Background Communication

PotentialCommunication

Present MomentPresent Moment

Present Communication

Introducing our Introducing our conceptual ideas into conceptual ideas into the interview the interview introduction sometimes introduction sometimes limited interviewee’s limited interviewee’s deeper explorationdeeper exploration

Conversation is only Conversation is only one of several methods one of several methods to gain entry into the to gain entry into the human experience of human experience of multiple realities and multiple realities and multiple selvesmultiple selves

Little phenomenological Little phenomenological literature connecting literature connecting multiple realities to ICTsmultiple realities to ICTs

Introducing our Introducing our conceptual ideas into conceptual ideas into the interview the interview introduction sometimes introduction sometimes limited interviewee’s limited interviewee’s deeper explorationdeeper exploration

Conversation is only Conversation is only one of several methods one of several methods to gain entry into the to gain entry into the human experience of human experience of multiple realities and multiple realities and multiple selvesmultiple selves

Little phenomenological Little phenomenological literature connecting literature connecting multiple realities to ICTsmultiple realities to ICTs

Include other types of Include other types of data, e.g. data, e.g. phenomenological phenomenological journals, self description, journals, self description, etc.etc.

Continue to shape our Continue to shape our questions from the data questions from the data we are capturing including we are capturing including reframing our conceptual, reframing our conceptual, theoretical frameworktheoretical framework

Include other types of Include other types of data, e.g. data, e.g. phenomenological phenomenological journals, self description, journals, self description, etc.etc.

Continue to shape our Continue to shape our questions from the data questions from the data we are capturing including we are capturing including reframing our conceptual, reframing our conceptual, theoretical frameworktheoretical framework

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned Going ForwardGoing Forward

Jeremy J. Shapiro Jeremy J. Shapiro [email protected]@fielding.edu

Linda F. Crafts Linda F. Crafts [email protected]@cumulusllc.com

Richard L. Daniels Richard L. Daniels [email protected]@cox.net

Fielding Graduate InstituteFielding Graduate Institute

Jeremy J. Shapiro Jeremy J. Shapiro [email protected]@fielding.edu

Linda F. Crafts Linda F. Crafts [email protected]@cumulusllc.com

Richard L. Daniels Richard L. Daniels [email protected]@cox.net

Fielding Graduate InstituteFielding Graduate Institute

Documents

Among Users of the Ubiquitous Internet Jeremy J. Shapiro Linda F. Crafts Richard L. Daniels Fielding Graduate Institute Jeremy J. Shapiro Linda F. Crafts