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Amy Alter Erika Pike
Lake Shore High School
Background Information
• Elodea densa– Water plant
• Carassius auratus– Common goldfish
Background Information
• Nitrogen cycle
Fish Waste NO2
Nitrite
NO3
Nitrate
Plant Fertilizer
Nitrate Buildup
NO3
Ammonia
Plant Waste
Problem Statement
• How does the presence of a goldfish (Carassius auratus) affect the percent of chloroplasts in Elodea densa?
Hypothesis
• If a goldfish (Carassius auratus) is placed with Elodea (Elodea densa), then the elodea will have more chloroplasts than elodea grown without a goldfish
Materials
• 60 Goldfish• 84 Regular-Quart
Mason Jars• 150 Pieces of Elodea
densa• Centrifuge• 0.5M Sucrose Solution• Metric Balance• Mortar
• Pestle• Cheese Cloth• Glass Funnel• Centrifuge Tubes• Sharp Sand• 25mL-Graduated
Cylinder• 10mL-Graduated
Cylinder
Goldfish
Materials
• 60 Goldfish• 60 Regular-Quart
Mason Jars• 150 Pieces of Elodea
densa• Centrifuge• 0.5M Sucrose Solution• Metric Balance• Mortar
• Pestle
Mortar and Pestle
Cheese Cloth
Glass Funnel
Materials
• 60 Goldfish• 60 Regular-Quart
Mason Jars• 150 Pieces of Elodea
densa• Centrifuge• 0.5M Sucrose Solution• Metric Balance• Mortar
• Pestle• Cheese Cloth• Glass Funnel• Centrifuge Tubes• Sharp Sand• 25mL-Graduated
Cylinder• 10mL-Graduated
Cylinder
10mL-Graduated Cylinder
ProcedureJar Preparation
1. Label 30 jars with “Control” and the jar number, 30 jars with “Experimental” and the jar number, and 24 jars with “Experimental extra” and the jar number
2. Dechlorinate tap water following the directions on the bottle of Insto-Chlor and add 1 quart (800mL) of water to each jar.
3. Mass out approximately 4.0g of Elodea and place in all jars
4. Mass out the goldfish, place goldfish weighing between 1.0 and 2.0 grams in all 30 of the experimental jar and all 24 of the experimental extra jars
5. Place all 60 jars near a light source, such as under a light or near a window.
Procedure1. Place centrifuge tubes, graduated cylinders,
and sucrose solution in an ice bath to keep them cold
2. Mass the test tube to be used in the trial3. Grind plant into a paste
Procedure
4. Slowly add sucrose solution
Procedure
5. Filter the pulp into centrifuge tube
Procedure
6. Place the centrifuge tube in the centrifuge
7. Spin for five minutes
8. Decant the top 5mL
9. Spin for fifteen minutes
10. Pour off any remaining liquid
Procedure
11. Mass the test tube with the chloroplast pellet
12. Subtract the mass of the test tube from the mass of the test tube with the pellet to find out the weight of the chloroplast pellet
Data and Observations
• Day 7: all Experimental and Control jars moved
• After day 11, when fish died the jar was removed and replaced by an experimental extra jar
• All fish were fed approximately every other day
Data and Observations
• Plants in experimental jars were greener and crisper than those in the control jars– The pulp was also greener that the pulp of the
control jars
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Data Analysis and Interpretation
• t=((mean1)(mean2))/√(((SD1)2/N1)((SD2)2/N2))
• Our Formula– t=((6.07)(4.97))/√(((4.31)2/30)((1.68)2/30))
• null hypothesis (H0)
– µ1= µ2
• Alternative hypothesis (Ha)
– µ1< µ2
Error
• Lack of time– Bacteria did not build up to complete the
nitrogen cycle• Ammonia build-up
• Insufficient light
• Centrifuge speed
• Fish are not predictable
• Feeder goldfish
Conclusion
• How does the presence of a goldfish (Carassius auratus) affect the percent of chloroplasts in Elodea densa?
• If a goldfish (Carassius auratus) is
placed with Elodea (Elodea densa), then
the elodea will have more chloroplasts
than elodea grown without a goldfish
Real Life Applications
• Low-maintenance planted aquariums
• Nitrogen Cycle
• Fertilizers
• Goldfish’s ability to survive in small environments
Further Experimentation
• Different fish with the same set-up– Betta splenden
• Larger containers
• Filtration on containers
• Different comparisons– Fertilizers– Fish
Acknowledgements
• Ms. DeMaria
• Mrs. Moore
• Ms. Pike
• Cynthia Anthony
• Mr. and Mrs. Schroeder
• Mr. Supal
• Mr. Estapa
Picture Acknowledgements
• http://www.dewinters.nl/english/fishes/Betta%20splendens.htm
• http://www.goldfishutopia.net/gallery/kablah/• http://www.petsmart.com/global/product_detail.jsp?
PRODUCT%3C%3Eprd_id=845524441776829&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=2534374302030112&ASSORTMENT%3C%3East_id=2534374302023693&bmUID=1104255833546
• http://www.hoftiezer.net/personal/aquaria/images/20030428_front_04_small.jpg
• http://www.bigalsonline.com/catalog/product.xml?product_id=28603&category_id=3349&pcid1=
• http://www.hebs.scot.nhs.uk/library/img/chiMaA01.jpg