A&P I Exam 1B 2015

1) If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number isA) 26. B) 16. C) 18. D) 8. E) 12.

2) When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges, a(n) ________ is formed.A) ion B) molecule C) hydrogen bond D) ionic bond E) covalent bond

3) Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons are in the outer electron shell of a neutral sodium atom?A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4E) 8

4) The reaction A + B + energy → AB is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.A) exergonic B) endergonic C) equilibrium D) decomposition E) exchange

5) In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with A) hydrogen, causing decomposition. B) glucose, causing decomposition. C) water, causing decomposition. D) carbon, causing decomposition. E) water, causing synthesis.

6) In dehydration synthesis reactions, compounds A) lose water molecules. B) gain water molecules. C) convert water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen. D) convert hydrogen and oxygen to water. E) gain electrons.

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7) Chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be A) endergonic. B) activated. C) exergonic. D) neutral. E) thermonuclear.

8) Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?A) They are proteins. B) They function as biological catalysts. C) They lower the activation energy required for a reaction. D) They affect only the rate of a chemical reaction. E) They are consumed during the reaction.

9) Each of the following is an inorganic compound except A) water. B) acids. C) bases. D) salts. E) carbohydrates.

10) Which of the following is both an anion and a compound?A) Na+ B) Cl- C) K+ D) HCO3-E) NaCl

11) Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with A) lipid molecules. B) hydrophobic molecules. C) water molecules. D) acids. E) salts.

12) Which of the following statements about water is false? A) It is composed of polar molecules. B) It is responsible for much of the mass of the human body. C) It has a relatively low heat capacity. D) It can dissolve many substances. E) It contains hydrogen bonds.

13) An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this canA) break chemical bonds. B) change the shape of proteins, rendering them nonfunctional. C) disrupt tissue functions.

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D) change body fluid pH.E) All of the answers are correct.

14) A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is A) acidic. B) basic. C) neutral. D) alkaline. E) in equilibrium.

15) In the body, inorganic compounds A) can serve as buffers. B) can make up proteins. C) are made from organic compounds. D) are structural components of cells. E) are metabolized for cellular energy.

16) When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions and anions. This compound would be aA) strong base. B) weak base. C) strong acid. D) weak acid. E) salt.

17) Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called A) isotopes. B) isomers. C) isozymes. D) isotypes. E) isomoles.

18) The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is A) sucrose. B) caffeine. C) protein. D) vitamins. E) glucose.

19) Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of A) dietary fats. B) prostaglandins. C) structural lipids. D) lipid drugs. E) steroids.

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20) You would expect a peptide bond to link A) two simple sugars. B) two amino acids. C) two nucleotides. D) a sugar and a peptide. E) a peptide and a fatty acid.

21) The plasma membrane includes A) integral proteins. B) glycolipids. C) phospholipids. D) cholesterol.E) All of the answers are correct.

22) What is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes? A) nucleus B) nucleolus C) the cytosol D) plasma membrane E) cytoskeleton

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Figure 3-1 The Anatomy of a Representative CellUse Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions:

23) Which structure organizes the mitotic spindle during cell division? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 6

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24) Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids occurs in the structure labeled A) 4. B) 5. C) 6. D) 7. E) 8.

25) Which structure produces ATP for the cell? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 6

26) Which organelle renews the cell membrane and modifies and packages proteins for secretion? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8

27) A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, it A) can repair itself readily. B) is malformed. C) can only divide once more. D) will be a long-lived cell. E) cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.

28) The process of forming mRNA is called A) replication. B) transcription. C) translation. D) ribolation. E) auscultation.

29) Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of multiple ________ and ________. A) enzymes; three types of RNA B) enzymes; two types of RNA C) carbohydrates; three types of DNA D) proteins; three types of DNA E) enzymes; three types of DNA

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30) The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of A) osmosis. B) active transport. C) diffusion. D) facilitated transport. E) filtration.

31) Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into a(n) ________ solution.A) isotonic B) hypertonic C) hypotonic D) merotonic E) homotonic

32) A patient suffers blood loss and is given IV fluids that contain an impermeable carbohydrate called dextran, which serves toA) provide nutrition. B) increase the osmolarity of the blood. C) make the blood hypertonic. D) decrease the osmolarity of the blood. E) reduce blood clotting.

33) A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called A) active transport. B) passive transport. C) facilitated transport. D) osmosis. E) diffusion.

34) Changes in the membrane potential of a cell are involved in A) movement. B) thought. C) glandular secretion. D) nerve cell communication.E) All of the answers are correct.

35) When is DNA replicated? A) interphase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase E) interkinesis

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36) The genetically programmed death of cells is called A) differentiation. B) replication. C) apoptosis. D) metastasis. E) mitosis.

37) An alternate term for tumor is A) neoplasm. B) cytoplasm. C) benign malignancy. D) primary metastasis. E) nucleoplasm.

Figure 3-2 The Plasma membrane

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Use Figure 3-2 to answer the following questions:

38) Which structure is water most likely to pass through? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8

39) Which structure has a "gate" to control transport? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 7 E) 8

40) What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6

41) The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy.A) grossB) surfaceC) systemicD) regionalE) surgical

42) The study of the function of specific organ systems is calledA) systemic physiology.B) organ physiology.C) cell physiology.D) pathological physiology.E) histology.

43) The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is toA) physiology.B) regional anatomy.C) cytology.D) systemic anatomy.E) radiographic anatomy.

44) Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?

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A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organismB) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismC) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organismD) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, systemE) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

45) Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?A) cardiovascularB) digestiveC) muscularD) respiratoryE) urinary

46) Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?A) digestiveB) endocrineC) nervousD) cardiovascularE) lymphatic

47) A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view thatA) all organisms are composed of cells.B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.C) chemical molecules make up cells.D) blood has magical properties.E) congenital defects can be life-threatening.

48) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?A) releases chemical messengers called hormonesB) produces a more rapid response than the nervous systemC) produces effects that last for days or longerD) produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same timeE) important homeostatic system

49) A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)A) receptor.B) thermoregulator.C) hypothalamus.D) effector.E) stimulus.

50) This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.A) negativeB) positive

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C) neutralD) depressingE) All of the answers are correct.

51) If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.A) deficitB) negativeC) neutralD) polarizedE) positive

52) A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.A) supine B) prone C) anatomical D) frontal E) sagittal

53) An anatomical term that means the same as ventral isA) posterior.B) inferior.C) abdominal.D) anterior.E) superior.

54) The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities isA) the mediastinum.B) sagittal on the brachium.C) transverse at the hips.D) midsagittal on the trunk.E) superior to the thorax.

55) The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________.A) pleural cavity; mediastinumB) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavityC) pericardial cavity; pleural cavityD) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavityE) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

56) The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are theA) pelvic and thoracic.B) cranial and sacral.C) lateral and medial.D) thoracic and abdominopelvic.

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E) dorsal and ventral.

57) ________ is considered the oldest medical science. A) AnatomyB) BiologyC) PhysiologyD) CytologyE) Embryology

58) Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.A) function; formB) form; structureC) structure; functionD) structure; formE) growth; form

59) The "atomic weight" of an atom reflects the average number ofA) protons. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) protons + neutrons. E) protons + neutrons + electrons.

60) Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because itA) is neutral in electrical charge.B) readily ionizes to react with other atoms.C) has a full outer electron shell.D) will form a covalent bond with another He atom.E) lacks electrons, thus the He atom is stable.

Extra Credit (1 point each)

1) Given the following approximate values, calculate the molecular weight for NaCl.Atomic number for Na: 11, Atomic weight for Na: 23 g/mol, Atomic number for Cl: 17,Atomic weight for Cl: 35 g/mol, Boiling point for Cl: -34 °CA) 11 g/molB) 28 g/molC) 34 g/molD) 40 g/molE) 58 g/mol

2) Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell and chlorine atoms have seven. The compound magnesium chloride would contain A) 1 magnesium and 1 chlorine. B) 1 magnesium and 2 chlorine.

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C) 2 magnesium and 1 chlorine. D) 2 magnesium and 7 chlorine. E) impossible to tell without more information

3) Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells? A) digestive enzymes B) steroid hormones C) protein hormones D) transport proteins E) antibodies

4) Which of the following best describes osmosis? A) active transport of water across the cell membrane B) diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration C) movement of water into a solute D) diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane E) random movement of water due to kinetic energy

5) Imagine two rigid chambers separated by a rigid membrane that is freely permeable to water but impermeable to glucose. Side 1 contains a 10 percent glucose solution and side 2 contains pure water. At equilibrium, what will be the situation? A) Water will continue to move from side 1 to side 2. B) Water will continue to move from side 2 to side 1.C) The volume of water will be greater in side 1. D) The volume of water will be greater in side 2. E) It is impossible to determine the answer.

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