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An Agro-ecosystem Design Plan
Hilltop Farm
prepared by
C. Crawford, M.S.
North Carolina State University
Close to Rails to Trails Access
Demographic Description Hilltop Farm
Moderate Climate: • Ave. annual temperature 57.8 F, 33-54 in.
precipitation
Acreage: • 21.42 acres total
• ~ 5.05 acres clear
Agrosilvopastoral system • Crops, pasture animals, timber could be
managed on same land
Potential Crops
Vegetable • 16 crops: eggplant, garlic, spinach…
Fruit • 2 crops: muscadine grape, strawberry
Flower • 8 crops: tulip, gerbera daisy, lily, lavender…
Cover crop: • Cold season: crimson clover, rye, hairy vetch
• Warm season: sorghum-sudangrass, soybean
Muscadine Grape Vineyard
One Acre
Strawberry Field:
Pick your Own
Proposed Animals
Incorporation of animals: • 2 goats, 10 chickens
• Diversify income
• Prepare and fertilize soil
• Recycle nutrients on farm
• Clear underbrush for next season
Animal rotation plan: • Jan-Feb: pasture chickens upper land parcel
• Chickens rotated on lower land rest of year
• Goats rotated in temporary fencing weekly
Chickens
Prepare Soil
Jan-Feb
Goats
Clear
Pasture
all year
Common Species in Natural Area
rhododendron (Rhododendron)
flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia)
sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)
loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana)
white oak (Quercus alba)
scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea)
southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
post oak (Quercus stellata)
Soil Management
Soil type: • 8B--Clifford sandy loam, well drained, 5% slope
• Sandy loam 0-6 in, clay loam 6-55 in
• Fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Kanhapludults
• pH 5.8 (NRCS 2004)
Management plan: • Cover cropping
• Conservation tillage
• On-farm nutrient recycling
• Living mulches
Soil Management
Tillage: • Conservation tillage, shift towards no till
• Retro-fit tractor » Designed to cut, roll crop biomass into soil for
increased SOM
Manure management: • Compost goat, chicken manure
• Spread on fields after 6 months
Soil Amendments
Nitrogen • On-farm compost, cover crops, manure, feathermeal
Phosphorus • Rock phosphate
Potassium • Potassium sulfate
Magnesium, pH • Dolomitic lime to increase pH from 5.8
Soil Structure & Microbial Activity • Seaweed to condition soil
• Worm castings improve structure, add microorganisms, and nutrients
Pest Management
Potential crop pests: • Cutworms, grape root borer moth, potato tuberworm,
japanese beetle, slug, nematodes
Mechanical pest barriers: • Foil/cardboard tubing for cutworm protection
• Screen in potatoes for potato tuberworm protection
• Create mound around grape vines to protect against grape root borer moth
Handpicking/scouting weekly
Pest Management
Traps: • Japanese beetle traps
• Shallow beer can to trap slugs
Interplanting: • Mulberry tree border around vineyards for birds
Importation: • Parasites of greenhouse whitefly
Prevention practices: • Guard dogs for larger mammalian pests/predators of
chickens or goats
Proposed Marketing
South Boston Farmers’ Market • Sell vegetables, fruits, flowers
• Value-added products
Value-added products: • Goat cheese, goat milk, eggs, jams
Upscale restaurants • Bistro 1888, South Boston, VA
• Molasses Grill, Halifax, VA
Farm to school programs • Charlottesville, VA involved in program
• Utilize contacts in school system
Income Diversification
Farm tours
Horseback trail riding
Pick your own strawberries
Sell grapes to local wineries
Resources/Funding
USDA Grants and Loans for Small
Farms: Alternative Farming Systems
Information Center
CFSA Incubator Farm Programs
USDA National Agricultural Library:
Rural Info Center
References Coffey, Linda. “Goats: Sustainable Production Overview” ATTRA. 2004
Baldwin, Kenneth & Nancy Creamer. “Cover Crops for Organic Farms” CEFS.
Roos, Debbie. “Soil Management Grower Profiles: Alex Hitt, Peregrine Farms” NC Cooperative Extension.
Roberts, Roland. �”Vegetable Rotations, Successions, and Intercropping” Texas Agricultural Extension Service.
Farmtoschool.org
Guera, Martina and Holly Born. Strawberries: Organic Production. ATTRA. 2007.
NRCS Soil Data Mart. Halifax County and the City of South Boston. 2004.
The Cooperative Soil Survey. Soil Data Map Unit Interpretation Report. Halifax County and the City of South Boston. 2004.
Simone, Eric et al. “Drip-irrigation systems for small conventional vegetable farms and organic vegetable farms” IFAS Extension. 2008.
Cover Crops: Selection considerations for cover/companion crops on Vineyards and Orchards. S&S Seeds. 2007.
Poling, Barclay and Connie Fisk. “Muscadine Grapes in the Home Garden” NCSU Horticulture Information Leaflets. 2006.
Roos, Debbie. Pasture Poultry. Growing Small Farms. Chatham County Center NC Cooperative Extension.
Jones, Doug and Debbie Roos. Planting and Harvesting Guide for Piedmont Vegetables and Herbs. Chatham County Center NC Cooperative Extension. 2009.
Sorenson, Kenneth et al. “Insects and Related Pests of Vegetables”. NCSU Center for Integrated Pest Management.
Pest Management. ATTRA National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. 2009.
Grants and Loans for Farmers. USDA National Agriculture Library Alternative Farming Systems Information Center. 2008.
Happy Farming!