An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical ...nfa.usfa.fema.gov/pdf/efop/efo238783.pdfGuideline (SOG) 203.01 Physical Fitness / Health / Job Specific Performance states “this

Running head: AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 1

An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements for the

Westminster Fire Department

David Varney


Westminster, Colorado

AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 2

Certification Statement

I herby certify that this paper constitutes my own product, that where the language of

others is set forth, quotation marks so indicate, and that appropriate credit is given where I have

used the language, ideas, expressions, or writings of another.


Abstract

The problem was the Westminster Fire Department utilizes the Job Specific Performance

Test (JSPA) physical fitness hiring requirements / annual JSPA/ Fitness test/ Medical / Physical

Examinations and they do not effectively identify those personnel who could potentially be at a

health risk for meeting the physical requirements of their job. The purpose of this research is to

determine the most effective Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements for the

Westminster Fire Department. Descriptive research methodology was used to answer the

following questions: 1) What are the physical fitness requirements for an entry-level firefighter?

2) What are the ongoing physical fitness requirements for a firefighter to maintain the position of

a firefighter? 3) What are the underlying issues of firefighter deaths pertaining to physical

health? 4) What are the key elements of a successful Wellness Program?

The research procedures utilized a survey polling Westminster Fire Department online

personnel, interviews with three local area fire department representatives, occupational

physician, Risk Management/ Claims Analyst, and Clinical Exercise Physiologist. The research

results identified ongoing physical fitness requirements, compelling underlying issues of

firefighter deaths pertaining to physical health, and key elements were identified to enhance the

current Wellness program. Extensive research identified the entry-level firefighter requirements

and determined that the current physical fitness requirements of Westminster are acceptable.

The recommendation is to implement additional tests into the annual physical fitness

testing, provide additional training/certification for Wellness committee members for validation

of testing, utilize NFPA 1582 for additional guides of changes, institute cultural change in

behavioral health, and incorporate annual evaluations to determine the effectiveness of the

program.


Table of Contents

Page

Certification 2

Abstract 3

Table of Content 4

Introduction 5

Background and Significance 6

Literature Review 11

Procedures 17

Results 20

Discussion 30

Recommendation 34

Reference List 36

Appendices

Appendix A: Westminster Fire Department Survey Questionnaire

Appendix B: Westminster Fire Department Pilot Survey Questionnaire

Appendix C: Westminster Fire Department Survey Questionnaire Results

Appendix D: FD Representatives Interview Questionnaire

Appendix E: Physician & Risk / Claim Analyst Interview Questionnaire

Appendix F: Clinical Exercise Physiologist Interview Questionnaire


An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements for the


Introduction

Across the United States of America firefighters are expected to physically be ready to

handle any emergency situation. However, we continue to steadily lose firefighters to physical

conditions. According to the National Fire Protection Association, “68 on-duty firefighter deaths

occurred in 2015, of the deaths 59% were related to overexertion, stress, and medical. In the past

10 years 42 percent of firefighter deaths are contributed to a cardiac-related event. ” (Fahy,

LeBlanc, & Molis, 2016). Statistical data continues to show areas where firefighters can

improve our physical well being and not become a statistical comparison.

As a professional fire department we must always continue to strive for the highest level

of standards by revisiting our current Standard Operation Guidelines (SOG) and policies in order

to strive for excellence. The problem is the Westminster Fire Department currently utilizes the

Job Specific Performance Test (JSPA) physical fitness hiring requirements / annual JSPA/

Fitness test/ Medical / Physical Examinations and they do not effectively identify those

personnel who could potentially be at a health risk for meeting the physical requirements of their

job. The purpose of this research is to determine the most effective Modern Wellness Program /

Physical Ability Requirements for the Westminster Fire Department.

The (ARP) titled “An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements

for the Westminster Fire Department” utilizes the descriptive methodology of research. The

purpose of the descriptive research methodology is to answer the following questions: 1) What

are the physical fitness requirements for an entry-level firefighter? 2) What are the ongoing


physical fitness requirements for a firefighter to maintain the position of a firefighter? 3) What

are the underlying issues of firefighter deaths pertaining to physical health? 4) What are the key

elements of a successful Wellness Program?

Background and Significance

The City of Westminster is centrally located northwest of Denver and is connected with

two major highway arteries, U.S. 36 and I -25. The City covers 35 square miles with a total

population of 112,090 and a median age of 36.1("Westminster City Profile," 2015). The City

prides itself on the numerous recreation activities from endless miles of open trails, superior golf

courses and modern facilities to meet the demand of the community.

The Westminster Fire Department (WFD) has a total of 146 personnel, 17 serve in the

administrative position and 129 are online career firefighters that are divided amongst three

shifts. Six districts are strategically placed throughout the City that house one fire station in each

of these districts. Each fire station has a minimum of three personnel assigned to each apparatus,

consisting of one officer, engineer, and firefighter. In addition, five of the six stations house

medic units consisting of at least one medic and firefighter. WFD provides state of art advanced

life support (ALS), emergency medical transport, fire protection and fire investigation. WFD

provides the City with special teams consisting of hazardous material, technical rescue, water

rescue, and wild land. Several other teams are provided to support WFD operations such as,

shift PIO’s, shift investigator, juvenile fire setter, apparatus committee, personnel protective

equipment, honor guard, and fitness committee.

Since the inception of the WFD, physical fitness has been an integral part of the daily

livelihood of the fire department both on the job requirements and team participation

representing the fire department. Numerous teams participated in events including running


teams from the early 50’s, softball, baseball, and football tournaments. These events have created

a strong team continuity to challenge other fire departments in the metro area. WFD participated

in these events because they are highly competitive and their culture prides themselves on the

importance of being physically fit. Over the past several years WFD personnel have participated

in the annual Scott Firefighter Combat Challenge. Scott’s firefighter challenge is known as the

toughest two minutes in sports due to the amount of physical work the body does in a short

period of time ("Firefighter combat challenge," n.d.). The WFD Combat team not only

participated in this annual event, but the team took number one in the World competition in 2012

and many other high rankings over the course of several years (Reimers, 2012).

One of the biggest proponents of physical fitness within the organization is Deputy Chief

(DC) of Administration Bill Work. DC Work has provided a significant level of support to WFD

in making sure fitness is a priority for all WFD personnel. WFD’s current Standard Operation

Guideline (SOG) 203.01 Physical Fitness / Health / Job Specific Performance states “this

program encourages individuals to maximize their physical potential and to reduce the damaging

effects of physical and emotional stress that is an inherent part of a firefighter’s job” ("Sog -

203.01," 2008, p. 1). The WFD fitness program consist of the Job Specific Performance Test

(JSPA), annual medical / physical examinations, and fitness testing that includes a VO2 max

treadmill test, push-ups, two-minute plank, flexibility, body fat, blood pressure, and resting pulse

rate ("WFD fitness," n.d.). A fitness committee that includes nine WFD personnel and one

coordinator conduct the annual JSPA, fitness test, and provide assistance to personnel who need

additional coaching and mentoring. The JSPA test was determined through research by a

committee formed from WFD personnel in the early 1990’s. At the time research was related to

acceptable practices from the International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC), International


Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) Wellness Initiative ("Sog - 203.01," 2008). This committee

conducted numerous tests and research to determined the fire job-related task assessments would

be required to be completed within a timeframe of 10 minutes and 15 seconds while wearing full

personal protective equipment (PPE) and airpac without using the facemask / on air function.

The problem is the test and research conducted was completed over sixteen years ago and

consideration of acceptable practices should be reviewed to determine if the current JSPA is the

most effective test for new hires / annual testing of online firefighters.

Prior to a candidate receiving a conditional employment offer for the City of Westminster

firefighter position, the candidate must successfully pass a fit for duty medical physical

examination and successfully pass the JSPA with a time less than 10:15 ("Becoming a

firefighter," n.d.). In order to maintain an online position as a WFD firefighter, all online

firefighters must pass the annual JSPA test, meet the average/fair rating for the fitness test, and

pass the fit for duty medical physical examination ("Sog - 203.01," 2008). The Fitness

Committee conducts the annual JSPA and Fitness test. The committee documents all completed

scores only and files them in the appropriate management folders, while the assigned physician

manages the physical examination.

The current minimum standard WFD fitness does identify levels of MET scores.

However, part of the background to the problem is those individuals who fall below the

specifically identified MET score by NFPA 1582 Standard of Health Related Fitness Programs

for Fire Department Members there is not an SOG or policy in place to hold them accountable.

According to NFPA 1582, 8.2.2.1.2 Annual Fitness Evaluation,

Levels below, 12 METs, a firefighter shall be counseled to improve his/her fitness,

8.2.2.1.3, at levels at or below 8 METs, a prescribed fitness program shall be required,


and the AHJ shall be advised to consider restriction from essential job tasks 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,

7, 8, 9, and 13 (Holland, 2012, p. 1582-20).

In the event the firefighter does not pass the timed JSPA or meet the average/fair

standards for the Fitness test, they are provided an outlined plan of action. This plan of action is

the responsibility of their Battalion Chief and officer with input from the Fitness Committee

member, and the Physical Fitness Coordinator ("Sog - 203.01," 2008). In the event the annual

medical/physical examination conducted by the physician determines there are pressing

concerns, the firefighter will be removed from online duties and assigned to a light duty position.

The firefighter assigned to light duty will be required to meet the specific requirements set by the

physician. Although the firefighter must be accountable for their physical well-being, there is an

inconsistency of providing/managing specific health measurements for firefighters while

assigned to a supervisor during the light duty stent.

An additional problem is there is not a specific written SOG or policy in place that is tied

to the required annual JSPA for personnel to obtain documented and logged baseline vital signs

before or after the JSPA test. This also includes no rehabilitation components to be conducted

prior to the firefighter returning back to their job duties that same day. Obviously, if the

firefighter who is performing the JSPA shows visible signs of health concerns or speaks up about

their current physical condition WFD would immediately provide the appropriate medical

treatment. The reality is there are personnel who complete the JSPA, but will not speak up and

the firefighter will assume they are good to go.

Lastly the background to the problem includes an annual required blood draw with no

policy set in to identify immediate concerns or accountability for the firefighter to relay pertinent

information to the physician based on the blood draw results. Although the blood draw results


can be reviewed by the firefighter within a short period of time, the results being reviewed

between the physician and the firefighter may not be reviewed for up to five months.

This study is significant to the WFD for three reasons. WFD believes in providing its

personnel the best opportunity for holding all firefighters accountable for their individual health

and well being through the highest quality Wellness programs / physical test available. The

second reason is to assure organizational effectiveness and accountability for each online

firefighter’s physical and mental preparedness in order to effectively meet the job requirements

of their position. Lastly, WFD prides itself on delivering exceptional customers service to the

community and citizens it serves.

This applied research project (ARP) relates specifically to the Executive Analysis of Fire

Service Operations in Emergency Management (EAFSOEM) course of the Executive Fire

Officer Program (EFOP). In Unit 1: National Incident Management System, National Response

Framework, and Stafford Act list protocol A. Protocol A, is to save lives, and protect the health

and safety of the public, responders and recovery workers (EAFSOEM -student manual, 2016, p.

1-11). The EAFSOEM course reconfirmed the importance of WFD personnel being physically

and mentally prepared for responding to a significant incident and it starts by identifying the key

elements of a modern wellness program and the appropriate physical ability requirements within

the WFD.

This ARP is related to the United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) Strategic Plan

goal number three for fiscal years 2014 – 2018: to “Enhance the Fire and Emergency Services’

Capability for Response to and Recovery From All Hazards” ("USFA goals," 2014, p. 12). The

Westminster Fire Department’s organization values the importance of being innovative,

adaptive, and responsible and is in line with the values of USFA’s Strategic Plan. This ARP is to


identify the key components of a Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements

within the WFD.

Literature Review

This ARP literature review research began prior to my most recent visit to the National

Fire Academy (NFA). As a proponent and supporter of Wellness / Physical Fitness Programs, I

reviewed other local area fire departments current programs and communicated with Program

leaders. During my attendance at the NFA, I utilized the Learning Resource Center (LRC)

reviewing Executive Fire Officer’s Applied Research Proposals (ARP’s) and I discussed this

ARP with several of my classmates. Furthermore, extensive research was conducted through

accessing the Internet reviewing numerous articles, theories, research, and statistical data.

The term physical fitness requirements can be broken down into two meanings. Physical

fitness can be defined in different ways such as “the ability to carry out daily tasks with alertness

and vigor, without undue fatigue, and with enough energy to meet emergencies or to enjoy

leisure time pursuits” (Mosby, 2013, p. 1392). The definition of requirement is “something that

is needed or that must be done” (Merriam-Webster website, 2015, p. 1).

The physical fitness requirements of a firefighter should be at the forefront of any future

candidate who is willing to take the appropriate steps in physically being prepared to

successfully complete the physical requirements of an entry-level firefighter position.

Firefighters must be fit for the demand of the job and this includes a combination of lifestyle,

nutrition, and habits however, this cannot be fully reached without effective levels of physical

fitness (Sherek, 2009).

A study to identify physical fitness characteristics associated with Law enforcement

officer’s (LEOs) job duties identified physical data for recruits and incumbent officers. This data


consisted of combined fitness, agility, upper body muscular endurance, core endurance, lower

body power, upper body strength, and aerobic endurance that related to the characteristic of a

LEOs occupational physical ability (Beck, 2012).

The United States of America armed forces including other special units differ in each

minimum physical requirement prior to gaining entry into the military. The initial entry process

amongst the United States arm forces may include timed runs, sit ups / push ups, swimming

500m, 12 minute swim, “dead-hang” pull ups, “flexed-arm” hang, and sit and reach (Smith, n.d.).

Required physical fitness levels for entry-level fire firefighters can be vastly different

amongst fire departments. The Candidate Physical Ability Test (CPAT) designed by the

International Association of Fire Firefighters (IAFF) and International Association of Fire Chiefs

(IAFFC) Task Forces enables fire departments to utilize this test to assist in providing

consistency for entry-level firefighter testing. A study utilizing the CPAT to identify the

physical fitness measures of firefighters ability to pass the CPAT identified aerobic and

anaerobic fitness as the major contributors to the success of the CPAT (Hurley, 2010). In

addition, the IAFF/IAFFC allows outside organizations to become CPAT license holders under

stringent guidelines. Once licensed, the organization can conduct CPAT and provide the testing

candidates an opportunity to certify themselves based on the CPAT requirements. Numerous fire

departments have adopted the CPAT as part of their minimum requirements for being considered

for future employment. Other fire departments provide similar physical fitness requirements

based on their needs. For example, West Metro Fire Rescue, Lakewood Colorado and Silver

City, New Mexico require timed physical test ranging from ceiling hoist, dummy drag in full

PPE, equipment carry, charged hose pulling, ladder hauling, tower climbing, and sledge hammer

strikes (Shaul, 2015).


Similar to professional athletes, firefighters are put to the test in various types of physical

fitness requirements in order to maintain their position as a firefighter. An athlete by definition is

“a person who is trained in or good at sports, games, or exercises that require physical skill and

strength” ("Ath," n.d., figure 2). However, as Carey and Berg note, an athlete knows when their

event is going to occur versus a firefighter never knows when their event will occur (Carey &

Berg, 2010).

History has proven the importance of physical fitness from primitive mankind to today’s

demand for both personal well-being and the requirements of job specific functions. Delleck and

Kravitz discuss history such as World War I and II and recognized the lack of physical fitness of

military personnel, therefore research was conducted to introduce fitness testing and identify

guidelines for improving physical fitness levels (Delleck & Kravitz, 2002).

A report from RAND Corporation, discusses physical fitness in the Air Force and the

strong effect if has on personnel being ready and prepared in a military setting. For instance,

Sean Robson points out research conducted should be considered to review the effectiveness of

physical fitness intervention, and contribution of fitness to resilience make it a smart investment

(Robson, 2013).

The St. Louis police department mandates their city officers must pass an annual physical

abilities test consisting of quarter-mile timed obstacle course, pulse and blood pressure (Byers,

2010). The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is known for their high standards of effective

physical fitness with two annual requirements. The physical fitness tests consist of a three mile

run, pull-ups/flexed-arm hang (optional), and crunches in addition, the Combat fitness test

consist of 880 – endurance yard course, lifting ammunition overhead, and a 300-yard shuttle run

("Prepare," 2016). These fitness test requirements enable each individual to maintain a fitness


level that meets the demand of the paramilitary job requirements for police and military branches

of the USMC.

The demand for a firefighter’s annual physical fitness test is vital to the longevity of each

individual’s opportunity to maintain an online position as a firefighter. Physical fitness should

be a priority when it comes to providing exceptional customer service to the community we

serve. A big factor in the annual fitness test for firefighters identifies who is and who is not

capable of completing the assigned tasks that are required on the fire ground (Jahnke, 2016). The

Portland Fire & Rescue conducts annual physical fitness tests in order to assure their firefighters

are capable of effectively completing their job. The physical agility tests consist of nine different

stations that simulate fire tasks that would be similar to a structure fire, all stations must be

completed in less than 8 minutes and 2 seconds ("Firefighter annual fitness testing," 2010).

Firefighters continue to die from health related incidents. The annual death of firefighters

is not acceptable. Since NFPA began their study in 1977 to 2015 sudden cardiac deaths

continues to plague the largest share of on-duty firefighter deaths (Fahy, LeBlanc, & Molis,

2016). Johns Hopkins Medicine determined cardiovascular risk was detected using CT scan /

ultrasound test identifying coronary and carotid plaque, in addition a high number of firefighter

had prediabetes ("Early signs," 2014). Over 70% of American firefighters are over weight or

obese resulting in increased risk for injury, disability, and mortality (Wilkinson et al., 2013).

Obese firefighters can increase their risk of safety and others while performing the required

duties on the fire ground especially while wearing the appropriate personnel protective gear

(PPE). As McLellan and Selkirk pointed out, “an increase in body temperature places an

additional strain on the heart to pump greater volumes of blood to the skin to promote heat loss

to the environment” (McLellan & Selkirk, 2006, p. 415).


Firefighters respond to almost any type of 911 emergencies. The extreme levels of stress

the firefighter will encounter can develop into physical illness, emotional problems, family

issues, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Sweeney, 2014). In the military, PTSD

research continues to be a top priority in identifying the underlying issues. In a recent study, the

biggest risk factors of PTSD related to events were related to trauma severity, discharge of

weapons, visually witness someone wounded/killed, and adverse life events (Xue et al., 2015).

A firefighter’s return to work evaluation based on cardiovascular disease (CVD) can have

an extreme underlying importance to the firefighter’s physical health. In fact, evidence has

proven if the proper return to work evaluation for firefighters is conducted there is a potential

decrease of 30% in coronary heart disease related deaths ("Heart to heart," 2015). The physical

demand of a firefighter position can create stressors before and after the emergency call.

According to Battalion Chief Reynolds, besides the lifestyle of firefighters, family history

stressors, there is a mental and emotional stress of the job in seeing a lot of death and this leads

to finding ways to channel it (Moore, n.d.).

According to the National Wellness Institute, the definition of wellness is “active process

of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence” ("Definition of

wellness," n.d., para. 3). The backbone of a strong Wellness Program begins with a leader who

ties their expertise to the culture and strategy of that organization (Berry, Mirabito, & Baun,

2010). A firefighter role model intervention within the organization can promote theoretical

framework as part of an effective wellness program (Lawrence et al., 2014).

There are several key elements of an effective wellness program in Federal agencies of

occupational workplace. For example health education, nutrition services, physical activity


promotion, and screenings that will provide the most effective healthy workforce for suitability

of current and future needs ("Work life," n.d.).

Suicide rates amongst firefighters increases to a level close to law enforcement officers

(Lamplugh, 2015). This continued increase of suicides amongst firefighters has led to a

significant amount of research. For example, the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation

(NFFF) developed the 16 Initiatives. Five of these initiatives directly effective Wellness

programs and all initiatives have become the foundation for thousands of fire departments and

EMS organizations that believe in providing their personnel a safe return to their homes after

every shift ("Firefighter life safety," n.d.). The significant concern of health behavior has not

been overlooked. NPFA revised two chapters in the 2013 edition of the NFPA 1500. Chapter 11

reads Medical and Physical Requirements, and chapter 12 reads Occupational Exposure to A

typically Stressful Events ("NFPA 1500," n.d.). These chapters will provide organizations

additional support and consideration in revisiting existing wellness programs to meet the demand

of their organization. In an article written by Jacob McAfee, he discusses implementing the

appropriate Health and Fitness program based on his organization wellness program and

utilization of the Wellness-Fitness Initiative based on the IAFF/IAFC Joint Labor Management-

Fitness Initiative (WFI). Included in this wellness fitness program are fitness testing and

exercise, medical evaluations, injury avoidance and rehabilitation, behavioral health promotion,

and data collection (McAfee, 2014).

In summary, this literature review provides a vast overview of information that relates to

each specific research question. The groundwork based on theory provides a foundation for each

research questions. The research reviewed through government, university studies / medical

opinions provides invaluable information to assist this research in offering comprehensive


findings. The United States Military presented examples of their current wellness and fitness

programs as similar job specific requirements relate to the fire service wellness programs. The

study of other Fire departments provided a baseline of existing wellness program and allowed

this analysis to determine additional information from surveys that will influence this research.

In addition, research provided through university studies/medical opinions, IAFF/ IAFFC, NFPA

standard, and NFFF identified additional data collection needed in order to effectively exhibit the

appropriate information for the Procedures section.

Procedures

This applied research project was identified through the following four questions using

the descriptive methodology research: 1) What are the physical fitness requirements for an

entry-level firefighter? 2) What are the ongoing physical fitness requirements for a firefighter to

maintain the position of a firefighter? 3) What are the underlying issues of firefighter deaths

pertaining to physical health? 4) What are the key elements of a successful Wellness Program?

This research project started prior to this author’s third year attendance at the National

Fire Academy Executive Fire Officer Program, Executive Analysis of Fire Service Operations in

Emergency Management. A dialog of exchange amongst personnel who currently manage the

WFD’s Wellness Program prompted questions into the program in how to expand its current

level. This communication exchange led to questions of essential physical fitness requirements

for entry-level firefighters, ongoing physical fitness requirements for incumbent firefighters,

causes of firefighter deaths pertaining to physical health, and what other Wellness programs look

like.

The National Fire Academy’s Learning Resource Center (LRC) provided information

through literature review. The research contributed by reviewing ARP’s enhanced this authors


focal point of entry level physical fitness requirements, requirements for incumbent firefighters,

firefighter deaths correlated to physical health, and state of the art Wellness programs.

Additional days spent researching past ARP’s at the LRC led to the appropriate findings with

evidence to support this research project. In addition, communication amongst classmates and

instructors provided valuable information of input of their current fire departments physical

fitness requirements and for those who have active wellness programs. A clear vision was set

and additional research was conducted through the Internet utilizing the four questions for this

research project.

A survey from the online WFD personnel was tailored to the four research questions.

Prior to the survey a pilot test with six WFD personnel was successfully completed to confirm

the survey was accurate and reflected back to the four research questions. In addition, interviews

were conducted with three surrounding fire departments Wellness Program members, three fire

department supported physicians, and a Colorado State University, Director of Heart Disease

Prevention Program.

The WFD personnel were sent an email by the author that provided a link to complete a

survey that consisted of six questions (Appendix A). These six questions were specifically

narrowed down after a pilot survey questionnaire was conducted by six of WFD’s personnel. The

questionnaire retrieved valuable information that related back to the original research questions

and the importance of this analysis. (Appendix B). The WFD personnel survey questionnaire

was sent out by email to a total of 129 personnel, of those personnel, 92 completed the survey.

Three local area fire department representatives consisting of Denver Fire Department (DFD),

South Metro Fire Rescue Authority (SMFR), and West Metro Fire Rescue Protection District

(WMFR) provided invaluable information during an interview by this author. A total of seven


questions were presented to each representative. The representatives consisted of DFD Division

Chief of Safety and Training Scott Heiss, SMFR Wellness Assistant Miguel De La Torre, and

WMFR Wellness / Workers Compensation Manager Bob Stratman. The seven interview

questions below offer supporting information that relates back to the original research questions.

1. What are your physical fitness requirements for entry-level firefighter?

2. Do you have an annual required physical fitness test to determine if incumbent personnel are

adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the firefighter position? Yes or no?

3. If yes, what do the physical fitness requirements consist of?

4. If no, do you see a need for an annual physical fitness requirement?

5. Does your organization have a Wellness Program? Yes/No

6. If yes, what are the key elements of the program?

7. What are the underlying physical health issues facing firefighters?

This author conducted an interview with one occupational physician and a Risk

Management/ Claims Analyst. The physicians consisted of Dr. David Orgel, MD Occupational

Medicine, Emergency Medicine, and a Risk Management/Analyst from the City of Westminster.

A total of four questions were tailored to relate back to the original research questions. The

questions are as follows:

1. What type of physical fitness test should be required of firefighters?

2. What are the top two underlying physical health issues firefighters face?

3. What is the number one test you would suggest in order to reduce the number of

firefighter fatalities?

4. What are the key elements of a successful fire department Wellness program?


The Colorado State University Director of Heart Disease Prevention Program Tiffany

Lipsey, M.Ed., ACSM Clinical Exercise Physiologist provided this author an additional

perspective with a four-question interview. The interview questions listed below relate back to

the original research questions of this research paper:

1. What type of physical fitness requirements should be used for an entry-level

firefighter?

2. What are the ongoing physical requirements for a firefighter?

3. What are the underlying physical health issues facing firefighters?

4. What are the key elements of a successful fire department Wellness program?

WFD’s survey questionnaire was closed on June 13th, 2016 and all information was

compressed into analysis and charting utilizing Survey Monkey’s software. All interviews

conducted were documented and information was provided in Microsoft word format and

Microsoft Excel.

Limitations to this authors research included WFD’s personnel survey questionnaire did

not include a 100% response rate. Of those personnel who completed the “other provided

explanation” section, several personnel provided a vague response. In addition, WFD personnel

who completed the WFD survey questionnaire are part of the Wellness Program Committee.

Rightfully so, the committee members have a vested interest in the Wellness program; results

from the survey questionnaire may weigh in favor of positive result.

Results

This applied research project provided results from a WFD questionnaire survey,

interview questions from three local area fire department representatives, physician, Risk/Claims


Analyst, and one Clinical Exercise Physiologist. The results contribute to precise data that

supports the original research questions: 1) What are the physical fitness requirements for an

entry-level firefighter? 2) What are the ongoing physical fitness requirements for a firefighter to

maintain the position of a firefighter? 3) What are the underlying issues of firefighter deaths

pertaining to physical health? 4) What are the key elements of a successful Wellness Program?

The result from WFD’s six-question survey provides detailed information that supports

the original research questions (Appendix C).

WFD Survey (Question 1). Do you feel the Westminster Fire Department “Job Specific

Performance Assessment Test” (JSPA) is an effective test for screening future firefighter

personnel in their ability to perform the necessary physical requirements of the job?

Of the 92 personnel who responded, 85.9% responded “yes” and 14.1% responded “no”.

Sixteen personnel provided additional information from the dummy drag is unrealistic, several

stated the time length is too long, CPAT is a better test, and the remaining wanted personnel to

be in full PPE including breathing on air during the test.

WFD Survey (Question 2). If you answered “No” for the above question what physical

ability assessment would you recommend?

Of the 12 personnel who answered “no”, 100% recommended the CPAT.

WFD Survey (Question 3). Is the Westminster Fire Department’s annual required JSPA

test appropriate/useful in determining if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet

the physical demands of the firefighter position?

Chart –WFD Survey (Question 3)


Of the 92 personnel who responded, 41 personnel replied as to why they answered “No”

to the above survey questionnaire. The “No” responses were broken down into several

comments that were similar ranging from the majority stating the test does not accurately

identify personnel who are in shape, maximum time is too long, brut strength can get you

through the test, and the test does not provide the appropriate physical demand of a firefighter.

WFD Survey (Question 4). Which ongoing physical fitness assessments are beneficial in

ensuring a level of fitness required for a firefighter position within Westminster Fire

Department?

A. Appropriate Body Fat Composition Testing

B. Appropriate Cardiovascular/respiratory endurance (VO2)

C. Appropriate Strength and Muscular Endurance

D. Appropriate lean body mass

E. Flexibility

F. All of the above

G. Other provide explanation

Yes 55%

No 45%


Of the 91personnel that answered question 4 of the survey, 62.6% were in favor of all of

the above answers, 40 personnel stated appropriate strength and muscular endurance, 39

personnel stated cardiovascular/respiratory endurance (VO2), 30 supported flexibility, and 16

supported each of the body fat composition testing and lean body mass.

WFD Survey (Question 5). Do you think the current Westminster Fire Department

Fitness Test adequately identifies each person’s fitness level?

A. Yes

B. No

C. I don’t know

D. Other provide explanation

Of the 91 personnel that answered question 5 of the survey 28.57% answered yes, and

54.95% stated no, and the remaining 16.48% do not know. In addition 33 personnel responded

with different explanations such as, body mass correlation to fitness level can be inaccurate,

additional assessment needed, no one firefighter’s fitness is the same with different fitness needs,

too easy just to stroll through the test without any real effort, does not help fix the problem,

slanted in favor of large people, and the best method of measuring fitness is a VO2 test run in a

lab on a treadmill or bike.

WFD Survey (Question 6). What critical factors should be used to determine if a

Westminster firefighter meets the minimum firefighter health and fitness requirements based on

NFPA standards and Westminster Fire Department policies and procedures?

A. VO2max (cardiopulmonary capacity/aerobic fitness) (12Mets)

B. Acceptable body fat percentage

C. Meeting a minimum fitness level of at least fair/average on the Fitness Test


D. JSPA Test (10min 15sec)

E. Passing an occupational medical physical exam

F. All of the above

G. Other provide explanation

Of the 88 personnel who answered question 6 of the survey, 45.45% supported an

occupational medical physical exam, in addition to supporting the “all of above”, 43.18%

supported VO2Max and all of the above selections, 35.23% selected meeting a minimum fitness

level of at least fair/average on the fitness test, 25% agreed with an acceptable body fat

percentage and a JSPA Test (10 min 15 sec maximum).

The WFD survey provided insight to the original research questions specifically stating

85% of personnel in question 1 supported the current JSPA test relating back to the physical

requirements of an entry-level firefighter. The ongoing requirements for a firefighter to maintain

a position of a firefighter related back to WFD survey question 3 and 4 with a report of 55.5%

approval rating for the required annual JSPA test. Question 5 and 6 of the WFD survey

correlated to what firefighter felt supported fitness and health in determining underlying issues

and assisted in identify key elements of a successful Wellness Program.

Three interviews with local area fire department (FD) this author conducted by phone

consisted of seven questions (Appendix D). The representatives from each FD are Division Chief

of Safety and Training Scott Heiss of the DFD, Wellness Assistant Miguel De La Torre of

SMFR, and Wellness / Workers Compensation Manager Bob Stratman of WMFR (S. Heiss, M.

De La Torre, & B. Stratman, personal communication, August 16, 2016). The FD

representative’s responses are based on their professional work experience:


FD Interview (Question 1). What are your physical fitness requirements for entry-level

firefighter?

Scott Heiss and Miguel De La Torre reported a required CPAT certificate. Bob Stratman

reported a physical ability test (PAT) is required to be within 08:30 or less.

FD Interview (Question 2). Do you have an annual required physical fitness test to

determine if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the

firefighter position? Yes or no?

Scott Heiss reported no. Miguel De La Torre reported yes.

FD Interview (Question 3). If yes, what does the physical fitness requirements consist of?

Miguel De La Torre reported their physical fitness requirements consist of VO2 Max

with a minimum MET level of 12, push-ups, plank testing, vertical jump, FMS screening, and

body fat testing. Bob Stratman reported an annual PAT of 10:00 or less and a MET test with a

minimum MET level of 12.

FD Interview (Question 4). If no, do you see a need for an annual physical

fitness requirement?

Scott Heiss reported DFD does not currently have an annual physical fitness requirement.

However, DFD is in the final stages of approving a required annual physical fitness test for all

online personnel. The physical fitness test will require full donning of the firefighters full

personal protective equipment (PPE) including breathing on air while conducting several job

specific functions with a minimum time of 07:25 and a maximum time of 10:47.

FD Interview (Question 5). Does your organization have a Wellness Program? Yes or

no?

Scott Heiss, Miguel D La Torre, and Bob Stratman reported yes.


FD Interview (Question 6). If yes, what are the key elements of the program?

Scott Heiss reported DFD’s Wellness Program is defined as a Total Wellness Voluntary

Program consisting of Smart Set physical (mirrors of NFPA 1582 physical fitness), two fulltime

physical therapist who provide physical therapy for “any reason” to all firefighters, Nutritionist

support, physiological performance, and a committee consisting of administration, risk

management, Kaiser personnel who meet six times a year to review the program in order to keep

a pulse in maintaining an effective and proactive wellness program. Miguel De La Torre

reported their Wellness program falls under the IAFF Wellness Initiative and NFPA 1582

consisting of body composition / metabolic testing, full spectrum physical, and exercise stress

test for age 50 and above. Bob Stratman reported their Wellness program consisted of providing

all stations with appropriate physical fitness equipment, hiring of interns to assist with all fitness

tests and firefighter physical rehabilitation, annual PAT/MET testing, nutritional counseling,

communication briefings with physicians for up to date NFPA standards/ expectations of WMFR

annual medical physicals required for ages 30, 35, 40, 44, 48, 50, 52, and every year after.

FD Interview (Question 7). What are the underlying physical health issues firefighters

face?

Scott Heiss reported the first concerning issues is for fighters to actively manage their

body mass index (BMI) if over 30.0, second is to educate personnel in reducing the risk of death

from contributing factors such as cardiovascular disease and elevated core temperatures due to

significant events such as fire suppression. In addition, behavioral heath support is highly

important with DFD firefighters, as it is a sign of strength not a weakness. Miguel De La Torre

reported a big concern is addressing MET levels falling below 12, maintaining physical strength

for the job specific requirements of firefighter, and addressing cultural change in mental wellness


and metabolic health. Bob Stratman reported education of heart disease/cancer, injuries due to

reduction in core strength and injuries during training and routine activities.

The results of the interviews from FD representative supported each of the original

research questions such as each department’s entry-level physical requirements, current and

future physical requirements, key elements of current Wellness programs and supportive

information in regards to underlying issues related to firefighters deaths.

The second set of interviews consists of four questions this author conducted with local

area physician and City of Westminster Risk/Claims Analyst (Appendix E). The physician is Dr.

David Orgel, MD who works for Arbors Occupational Medicine and Jackie Bonavida,

Risk/Claims Analyst from the City of Westminster (D. Orgel, & J. Bonavida, personal

communication, August 22, 2016). The physician and Risk/Claims Analyst responses are based

on their professional work experience:

Physician / Analyst Interview (Question 1). What type of physical fitness test should be

required for firefighters?

Dr. David Orgel reported physical and mental abilities based on the job specific

functions. Jackie Bonavida reported the JSPA test provides an exceptional test due to the job

specific requirements of firefighters both entry-level and incumbent firefighters.

Physician / Analyst Interview (Question 2). What are the top three underlying physical

health issues firefighters face?

Dr. David Orgel reported fitness/exercise, increase in cancer, and cardiac event after

increased workload. Jackie Bonavida reported overexertion / increase in core body temperature

after a significant work event, cardiovascular disease, and missed cancer screenings.


Physician / Analyst Interview (Question 3). What is the number one test you would

suggest in order to reduce the number of firefighter fatalities?

Dr. David Orgel reported a stress test for age 40 as a base line, and each year after the age

of 49. In addition, a VO2 Max test with a minimum MET level of 12. Jackie Bonavida reported

a base line VO2 Max/ cardiac screening, and annual stress test for personnel over the age of 40.

Physician / Analyst Interview (Question 4). What are the key elements of a successful fire

department’s Wellness Program?

Dr. David Orgel reported a cultural change in staying fit, eating healthy, annual physical fitness

test related to job specific job functions, annual physicals with blood analysis testing, including

VO2 Max, and stress test. Jackie Bonavida reported data management, annual physical fitness

test related to the job function, annual physicals, stress test for personnel over the age of 40, VO2

Max annual testing, annual blood analysis testing, and change in firefighter culture of being

proactive in providing behavioral support.

The results of the interviews from the physician and Risk / Claims Analyst supported each of

the original research questions such as appropriate fitness test based on job specific functions,

data management, annual physicals, and underlying physical health issues related to exercise and

cardiac events. In addition, both emphasized the importance of a stress test and VO2 Max for

key elements of a successful Wellness Program.

The third interview consisted of four questions (Appendix F) this author conducted with

the Director, Heart Disease Prevention Program Tiffany Lipsey, M.Ed., ACSM, Clinical

Exercise Physiologist, (T. Lipsey, personal communication, August 12, 2016). The physiologist

responses are based on her professional work experience:


Tiffany Lipsey (Question 1). What type of physical fitness requirements should be used for an

entry-level firefighter?

Tiffany Lipsey reported a job specific fitness test such as the CPAT is adequate for an entry-

level firefighter position.

Tiffany Lipsey (Question 2). What are the ongoing physical requirements for a firefighter?

Tiffany Lipsey reported a job specific function test similar to the CPAT, aerobic capacity test

including ECG monitoring / measured VO2 Max for a baseline, and strength / flexibility test.

Tiffany Lipsey (Question 3). What are the underlying physical health issues firefighters

face?

Tiffany reported cardiovascular disease.

Tiffany Lipsey (Question 4). What are the key elements of a successful fire department’s

Wellness Program?

Tiffany reported to create a change in culture for behavior health with appropriate support

and opens lines of communication, maintain a level of fitness on and off duty, annual physical,

body composition, aerobic capacity test including ECG monitoring / measured VO2 Max for a

baseline, and strength / flexibility test.

The results of Tiffany Lipsey’s interview provided an in-depth look from her past work

experience that provides valuable answers to each research question. One highlighted example is

the appropriate testing of the aerobic capacity test including ECG monitoring/ measured VO2

MAX base line for firefighters.

In summary, the results from the WFD survey, interviews provided from surrounding fire

departments, local area physician, Risk /Claims Analyst, and Clinical Exercise Physiologist


provided a vast amount of information that directly supports the previous sections and provides

answers to the original research questions.

Discussion

The importance in analyzing the most effective modern Wellness program / physical ability

requirement’s for the Westminster Fire Department is related back to the original research

questions that directly correlated to the survey, interview questions results, and the information

provided in the literature review.

The findings in the original research question one provided a comparison amongst two of the

local area FDs specifically use the CPAT as the priority physical fitness test amongst entry- level

firefighters. The third local area fire department conducted a test called PAT, similar to WFD’s

JSPA test. The CPAT is a standardized test developed specifically to assess entry-level

firefighter’s performance of essential firefighter skills and contributes to both aerobic and

anaerobic fitness (Hurley, 2010). In the WFD survey questionnaire 1(Appendix C), there was an

overwhelming support of 85.87% supported WFD’s current JSPA physical fitness requirement

for entry-level firefighters. Although there are different entry-level firefighters physical tests,

these tests relate back to the physician, Lipsey’s, and Bonavida’s interview of focusing physical

fitness requirements to job related specific functions similar to CPAT or JSPA test. As stated by

Beck, “it is important to identify specific physical fitness components that area associated with

minimal competency for job performance” (Beck, 2012, p. 1). The literature review and this

author’s results indicate the current JSPA test provides the appropriate physical fitness

requirements for an entry-level firefighter.


The ongoing physical fitness requirements for firefighters to maintain the position of

firefighter of the original research question two, have a difference in opinion as related to the

WFD survey questionnaire number 3. The response of 44.57% did not support the current WFD

annual JSPA test fitness requirement and the majority stated the test does not accurately identify

personnel who are in shape, maximum time is too long, brut strength can get you through the

test, and the test does not provide the appropriate physical demand of a firefighter. It is the

opinion of the author the survey agrees with the JSPA annual fitness test requirement of an

incumbent firefighter under each individual’s own responses. In addition, 56.52% support the

current annual required JSPA test fitness requirement. WFD’s survey questionnaire number 5,

54.93% did not support the current WFD annual physical fitness requirements. The response to

questionnaire 5 consisted of body mass correlation to fitness level can be inaccurate, additional

assessment needed, no one firefighter’s fitness is the same with different fitness needs, too easy

just to stroll through the test without any real effort, does not help fix the problem, slanted in

favor of large people, and the best method of measuring fitness is a VO2 test run in a lab on a

treadmill or bike. In the opinion of the author, WFD questionnaire 5 provides value in support of

providing a consistent and effective annual required physical fitness for the incumbent firefighter

based on the results and the research provided in the literature review. The goals of a fitness

program must motivate participants year-round and provide structure to the program (Robson,

2013). The local area fire departments interviews offered differences in requirements. For

example, DFD does not currently have ongoing fitness requirements, however they are in the

final stages of requiring their firefighters to conduct an annual physical fitness test consisting of

job specific functions in full PPE while on air. In addition to the required physical fitness test

based on job specific functions, SMRF required a VO2 Max with a minimum MET level of 12,


push-ups, plank testing, vertical jump, FMS screening, and body fat testing while WMFD’s

requires a PAT test and MET test with a minimum MET level of 12. A similarity amongst the

physician, Analyst, and Lipsey suggest ongoing job specific testing and annual VO2 Max test.

According to Sara Jahnke, “while more traditional measures of fitness maybe statistically related

to fireground performance, many fire departments are moving towards measured tasks that are

more representative of the fire ground” (Jahnke, 2016, p. 1).

The findings of the original research question three of underlying issues of firefighters

deaths pertaining to health issues led to similar comparison of this author’s results and the

literature review. The comparison results included, underlying cardiovascular disease, elevated

core temperatures, MET levels falling below 12, increased body fat levels, and cultural changes

in mental wellness. A significant event can trigger a cardiovascular strain of events on a

firefighter from the work performed, PPE, thermal environment, current health status, and fitness

/ hydration level leading to a sudden cardiac event ("Heart to heart," 2015). In addition, plaque

build up in the coronary and carotid arteries amongst numerous firefighters can lead to additional

increased risks ("Early signs," 2014). In this authors interviews there was a noticeable emphasis

in the similarities relating to incumbent firefighter receiving the appropriate support in mental

wellness. Firefighter suicides are a huge problem due to the routinely encountered levels of

stress, emotional issues, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(Sweeney, 2014).

The findings of the original research question four pertaining to the key elements of a

successful Wellness program provided several comparisons between the literature review and the

results sections. The WFD questionnaire six survey results showed the majority favored an

annual occupational physical, accurate testing of VO2 MAX, meeting a minimum fitness test

level, annual JSPA test, and a acceptable annual body fat testing. The response to questionnaire


6 consisted of the majority in favor of an appropriate tested VO2 Max, and a cardiac stress test

for the incumbent firefighters. The local area FD interviews provided an in depth look at existing

Wellness programs that fall under the NFPA 1582 and IAFF Wellness Initiative. DFD’s Total

Wellness Voluntary program provides two-fulltime physical therapist that provide physical

therapy to firefighters, nutritionist support, physiological performance, and a committee to

oversee each key element of their Total Wellness program is being effective for the firefighter.

SMFR provides annual body composition / metabolic testing, full spectrum physical, and

exercise stress test for age 50 and above. In comparison, WMFR provides all stations with the

appropriate physical fitness equipment, firefighter physical rehabilitation, annual PAT/MET

testing, nutritional counseling, communication briefings with physicians for up to date NFPA

standards/ expectations of WMFR annual medical physicals. In the interview with the physician,

Analyst, and Lipsey there was agreeable comparison of culture change in providing behavior

health support with appropriate support, body composition, and all three stressed the importance

of aerobic capacity test including ECG monitoring / measured VO2 Max test for baseline, and

stress test for the incumbent firefighter. In addition, annual physicals exam /blood test, strength /

flexibility test, and appropriate annual fitness test related to job specific functions. One of the

most effective measures of cardiorespiratory fitness is the VO2 Max test, appropriate equipment

and trained technicians is vital in determining the accuracy of each individual’s VO2 MAX

(Robson, 2013).

In summary, this authors interpretation between the research results, the problem

statement, original research questions and the comparison of the literature review provides

valuable information in determining the most effective Modern Wellness program / physical

ability requirements for WFD. In this comparison of the research results, WFD’s current JSPA


test for entry-level firefighters is appropriate. In the data provided for the ongoing physical

requirements there is a difference in opinion amongst the WFD survey. However, the research

comparison will provide a strong foundation for recommended changes. In addition, the vast

amount of information for the key elements of a successful Wellness program provided in this

section and the literature review will provide the baseline for additional recommendations. The

critical organizational implications include budgetary concerns, additional workload, buy-in

from the current WFD Wellness committee, WFD personnel, and other representatives of the

City to support the needed change.

Recommendations

The provided research results for this ARP assisted this author in concluding the

connection for enhancing the current Westminster Wellness Program / Physical ability

requirements. The following recommendations are suggested in achieving the highest level of

standards of a Modern Wellness program for the Westminster Fire Department:

• Maintain the current physical fitness requirements for an entry-level firefighter.

• Provide appropriate training for all WFD Wellness committee members to create

a consistent / accurate testing process for the required physical fitness test and

JSPA test.

• Identify blood draw information immediately to occupational physicians in the

event of a pressing concern.

• Certify WFD Wellness committee members to accurately test for body fat content

and aerobic capacity / measured VO2 MAX test.

• Provide aerobic capacity test including ECG monitoring / measured VO2 Max.


• Provide resources to assist personnel who fall below the suggested 12 MET per

NFPA 1582 and for those who fall below 8 MET.

• Provide a stress test base line for all personnel.

• Cultural change - providing behavior health support.

• Incorporate a nutritional program.

• Ensure all data for the annual physical fitness testing is accurate and is readily

available for individual review.

• Provide updated SOG / policy to reflect changes in Wellness program.

• Provide annual meetings to evaluate program and make necessary changes to

enhance the program.

Recommendation for the future readers incorporates the difficulty of providing input

from local area physicians who do not provide annual medical treatment to firefighters excluding

the occupational physician. In addition, surveys from firefighters are important. However,

comments as to the “why” the incumbent firefighter responded to the survey can provide input at

a personal level that may or may not provide a valid response. The author recommends focused

efforts of similar concerns of enhancing a current Wellness program to a Modern Wellness

program by utilizing the key components of the program, modifying the program by the

supported evidence, and culture changes that effect firefighters life experiences.


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from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0120270


Appendix A As part of my Executive Fire Officer Program for the National Fire Academy, I am working towards the completion of an applied research project titled “An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements for the Westminster Fire Department”. The intent of this survey is to evaluate our current wellness program / JSPA test. I am asking for your assistance in answering six questions that should take a few minutes of your time to complete. I would appreciate it if you could complete the survey by June 18th, 2016. The link to the survey is provided below. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/JCSNWZS WFD Survey Questionnaire: 1. Do you feel the Westminster Fire Department “Job Specific Performance Assessment Test” (JSPA) is an effective test for screening future firefighter personnel in their ability to perform the necessary physical requirements of the job? Yes No Other provide explanation 2. If you answered “No” for the above question what physical ability assessment would you recommend? A. Candidate Physical Abilities Test (CPAT) B. If other, please list: 3. Is the Westminster Fire Department’s annual required JSPA test appropriate/useful in determining if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the firefighter position? A. Yes B. No C. If “No” please add comments as to why 4. Which ongoing physical fitness assessments are beneficial in ensuring a level of fitness required for a firefighter position within Westminster Fire Department? A. Appropriate Body Fat Composition Testing B. Appropriate Cardiovascular/respiratory endurance (VO2) C. Appropriate Strength and Muscular Endurance D. Appropriate lean body mass E. Flexibility F. All of the above G. Other provide explanation


5. Do you feel the current Westminster Fire Department Fitness Test adequately identifies each person’s fitness level? A. Yes B. No C. I don’t know D. Other provide explanation 6. What critical factors should be used to determine if a Westminster firefighter meets the minimum firefighter health and fitness requirements based on NFPA standards and Westminster Fire Department policies and procedures? A. VO2max (cardiopulmonary capacity/aerobic fitness) (12Mets) B. Acceptable body fat percentage C. Meeting a minimum fitness level of at least fair/average on the Fitness Test D. JSPA Test (10min 15sec) E. Passing an occupational medical physical exam F. All of the above G. Other provide explanation


Appendix B As part of my Executive Fire Officer Program for the National Fire Academy, I am working towards the completion of an applied research project titled “An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Agility Requirements for the Westminster Fire Department”. The intent of this survey is to evaluate our current wellness program / physical fitness test requirements. I am asking for your assistance in pilot testing the questions below. Please be prepared to discuss the questions and we will determine if the questions provided will obtaining the accurate information for the survey. I would appreciate it if you could complete the survey by May 19th, 2016. WFD Pilot Test Survey: 1. Is the Westminster Fire Department Job Specific Performance Assessment Test (JSPA) an effective test for recruitment of future firefighter personnel? Yes No Comments 2. If you answered No for the above question what physical ability test would you recommend. A. Candidate Physical Abilities Test (CPAT) B. If other, please list: 3. Is the Westminster Fire Department’s annual required JSPA test appropriate in determining if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the firefighter position? A. Yes B. No C. If not please add comments as to why 4. What are the ongoing physical fitness requirements required for maintaining a firefighter position for the Westminster Fire Department? A. Appropriate Body Composition Testing B. Appropriate Cardiovascular/respiratory endurance C. Appropriate Strength and Muscular Endurance D. Appropriate lean body mass E. Flexibility F. All of the above G. Other 5. Does the Westminster Fire Department Cooper test identify underlying issues for on line firefighter’s health?


A. Yes B. No C. I don’t know D. Comments: 6. What are the minimum critical factors in determining if a firefighter should be held accountable in meeting the minimum firefighter health requirement’s based on NFPA 1500 and Westminster Fire Department. A. VO2max (cardiopulmonary capacity/aerobic fitness) B. Overweight C. Low fitness levels D. JSPA Test (10min 15sec) E. All of the above F. Other

If you have any other questions that may benefit this survey please add.


Appendix C











Appendix D FD Representatives Interview Questionnaire for Executive Fire Officer Program – EFOP, EAFO

Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program Questionnaire Executive Fire Officer Program – National Fire Academy

Name: Title: Organization: 1. What are your physical fitness requirements for entry-level firefighter? 2. Do you have an annual required physical fitness test to determine if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the firefighter position? Yes or no? 3. If yes, what does the physical fitness requirements consist of? 4. If no, do you see a need for an annual physical fitness requirement? 5. Does your organization have a Wellness Program? Yes/No 6. If yes, what are the key elements of the program? 7. What are the underlying physical health issues facing firefighters? I appreciate your participation, if you have any additional questions or concerns feel free to contact me at 303-961-2552. Thank you, David Varney Battalion Chief Westminster Fire Department


Appendix E Risk/ Claim Analyst Interview Questionnaire for Executive Fire Officer Program – EFOP, EAFO


Name: Title: Organization:

1. What type of physical fitness test should be required for firefighters? 2. What are the top three underlying physical health issues firefighters face? 3. What is the number one test you would suggest in order to reduce the number of

firefighter fatalities? 4. What are the key elements of a successful fire department’s Wellness Program?

I appreciate your participation, if you have any additional questions or concerns feel free to contact me at 303-961-2552. Thank you, David Varney Battalion Chief Westminster Fire Department


Appendix F Physician Interview Questionnaire for Executive Fire Officer Program – EFOP, EAFO


Name: Title: Organization:

1. What type of physical fitness requirements should be used for an entry-level firefighter? 2. What are the ongoing physical requirements for a firefighter? 3. What are the underlying physical health issues firefighters face? 4. What are the key elements of a successful fire department’s Wellness Program?

I appreciate your participation, if you have any additional questions or concerns feel free to contact me at 303-961-2552. Thank you, David Varney Battalion Chief Westminster Fire Department