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Nea Farm, Somerley, Ringwood, Hampshire, Phase 3
An Archaeological Evaluation
for Tarmac Southern Ltd
by Siân Anthony
Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd
Site Code SOM 02/03
February 2002
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Summary
Site name: Nea Farm, Somerley, Ringwood, Hampshire (Phase 3) Grid reference: SU 1260 0870 Site activity: Evaluation trenching Date and duration of project: 31st January – 14th February 2002 Project manager: Steve Ford Site supervisor: Siân Anthony Site code: SOM 02/03 Area of site: c. 8.5 ha Summary of results: Small quantities of struck flints of predominantly Mesolithic date were found in the western portion of the site. Small quantities of Late Iron Age or Roman, medieval and post-medieval pottery were found scattered across the site. Two features of possible archaeological interest in the eastern part of the site comprised ash pits similar to those found in adjacent areas during the previous phase of evaluation. These may represent heathland clearance dating from Medieval or later times. Monuments identified: None Location and reference of archive: The archive is presently held at Thames Valley Archaeological Services, 47-49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading, RG1 5NR, and will be deposited with the Hampshire Museum Service in due course. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford 22.02.02 Steve Preston 25.02.02
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Nea Farm, Somerley, Ringwood, Hampshire, 2002 (Phase 3) An Archaeological Evaluation
by Siân Anthony
Report 02/03
Introduction
This report documents the results of an archaeological field evaluation carried out on land at Nea Farm Quarry,
Somerley, near Ringwood, Hampshire (SU 1260 0870) (Fig. 1). The work was commissioned by Mr Simon
Atkinson of Entec UK on behalf of Tarmac Southern Limited, Stancombe Quarry, Stancombe Lane, Flax
Bourton, Bristol, BS48 3QD.
Planning permission has been granted for mineral extraction by Hampshire County Council subject to a
condition relating to archaeology. This report concerns itself with the Phase 3 area of extraction. Previous reports
have detailed the importance of the surrounding area, particularly a recent excavation (December 2001) on an
open Upper Palaeolithic site located just to the north of the proposed area (Ford 1992; Ford and Hall 1993; Ford
2001a and b; Smith 1996; Weaver 1995).
To satisfy the planning condition for this phase of operations, a programme of archaeological work in the
form of evaluation trenching has been requested, in order to provide sufficient information on the archaeological
potential of the site for the planning authority to make a reasonable and informed decision on measures to
mitigate the effects of development.
This is in accordance with the Department of the Environment’s Planning Policy Guidance, Archaeology
and Planning (PPG16 1990), and the County’s policies on archaeology. The field investigation was carried out
to a specification approved by Mr David Hopkins of Hampshire County Council Environment Group. The
fieldwork was undertaken by Siân Anthony, Clare Challis and Andrew Mundin, between January 31st and
February 14th 2002. The site code is SOM 02/03. The archive is presently held at Thames Valley Archaeological
Services, Reading and will be deposited with Hampshire Museum Service in due course.
Location, topography and geology
The site is located on almost level ground on the plateau which forms the western margin of the Avon Valley
(Fig. 1) at a height of 48m above Ordnance Datum. The western edge of the site slopes down gently to the north-
west. The site is currently abandoned farmland. The underlying geology is mapped as Plateau Gravel (BGS
1976) but an orange-brown clayey silt (brickearth) was present overlying the gravel. At the south-western end of
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the site, the geology changes to a grey sand which represents the northern margin of a sandy knoll located to the
south of the site. Gravel inclusions increase to the north where the geology changes again to a dark grey brown
silty sand.
Archaeological background
Archaeological work was carried out for an Environmental Statement (Ford 1992; Ford and Hall 1993) which
comprised a desktop assessment of data derived from cartographic and Sites and Monuments Record sources,
combined with fieldwalking, test pitting and geophysical survey. A number of features were identified as
probable sites of Mesolithic, Roman and probable Iron Age/Roman dates. Of particular importance to this
evaluation were the fieldwalking results; a Mesolithic flint scatter was located towards the western end of the
site centred on a rise in the ground (the sandy knoll referred to above).
The Phase I evaluation to the north of the current site revealed Roman deposits including a stone-walled
building (Weaver 1995) and gullies of medieval or later date (Smith 1996). Although geophysical survey did not
reveal any obvious archaeological anomalies in the Phase II area, the evaluation located an in situ flint scatter of
late Upper Palaeolithic date, several gullies of post-medieval date, ash pits of probable medieval or later date and
stray finds of Iron Age and post-medieval pottery (Ford 2001a and b). Subsequent excavation (December 2001)
of the Palaeolithic flint scatter has clarified the extent and nature of this site.
Objectives and methodology
The purpose of the evaluation was to determine the presence/absence, extent, condition, character, quality and
date of any archaeological deposits within the area of development. The general aims were to determine if any
archaeologically relevant levels have survived on the site and to determine if any archaeological deposits of any
period are present. More specific aims were to determine if further flint scatters of Upper Palaeolithic date are
present and also if there are any further flint scatters of Mesolithic date at the western end of the site which have
not been disturbed by ploughing.
These aims were to be achieved by digging a minimum of 275 trenches, each 6m long and 1.8m wide,
using an excavator fitted with a toothless ditching bucket, under continuous archaeological supervision. The
trench pattern chosen had a dual purpose. It was designed primarily to enhance the chances of detection of in situ
Palaeolithic and later flint scatters of limited extent such as those present at Hengistbury Head, Dorset or Three
Ways Wharf, Uxbridge (Barton 1992; Lewis 1989) but without compromising the ability to detect and
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characterize sites of later date, for which longer trenches are the norm. The trenches were to be spaced at
nominal 12m centres with alternate rows off-set and rotated in orientation. For the western portion of the site, the
topsoil in each trench was to be removed by machine and two test pits of 0.25m x 0.25m dug by hand to a depth
of 0.1–0.25m to determine if any dense flint scatters are present within the subsoil. If none were found then the
remaining subsoil in the trench was to be removed by machine.
Where archaeological features were present, the stripped areas were to be hand-cleaned and excavated. This
would be carried out in a manner that would not compromise the integrity of archaeological features or deposits
which might warrant preservation in situ, or might better be excavated under conditions pertaining to full
excavation. All spoil heaps were to be monitored for finds.
Results
The proposed trench layout was subject to several changes, primarily due to a requirement to avoid low overhead
electricity cables and the active quarry edge. Flexibility was maintained as regards the number of trenches
excavated, and a total of 337 trenches were finally excavated, with 128 test pits within the western trenches (Fig.
2). A list of trenches giving lengths, breadths, depths and a description of sections and geology is given in
Appendix 1. A list of test pits with depths and results is given in Appendix 2. The majority of the trenches
contained nothing of archaeological interest and have not been described individually. The trenches containing
features are described initially with the remainder grouped into the three main geological areas that comprised
the site.
Trench 48 (Plate 4)
Topsoil consisting of a ploughsoil to a depth of 0.26m directly overlay the brickearth subsoil for 0.1m. Feature 2
consisted of an oval pit with an ashy fill, slightly darker than the surrounding natural (Figs 5 and 6). No finds
came from this feature although a sherd of post-medieval pottery was found in the topsoil directly above the
feature.
Trench 85
Topsoil consisting of ploughsoil went to a depth of 0.2m overlying a subsoil of brickearth. Feature 1 was similar
to Feature 2, an oval, ashy pit with a slightly darker fill than the natural (Figs 5 and 6). No finds were associated
with this feature.
4
Trench 332
Topsoil consisting of ploughsoil went to a depth of 0.29m overlying a subsoil of sand. A slight patch of charcoal
no thicker than 30mm was examined but produced no finds.
Eastern end of the site, including Trenches 1 to 175 (Plate 1)
The stratigraphy consisted of a loose brown silty clay ploughsoil between 0.2 and 0.36m deep, with occasional
flint and gravel inclusions. Beneath this was the brickearth layer of silty clay orange brown natural. The trenches
cut into this horizon by a small margin to reveal any potential features at this level. No features were revealed,
although some small patches of natural gravel did occur (in Trenches 7, 10, 12, 13 and 42) at higher than the
expected level of brickearth natural.
Northern area of the site, including Trenches 186 to 265 (Plate 3)
Much of this area was abandoned farmland and so consisted of a loamy topsoil above a thin subsoil onto
brickearth. On the northern margins of the site butting against the road to the north the natural became a darker,
clayey sand with frequent gravel inclusions and some root disturbance.
Western area, including Trenches 176 to 185 and 266 to 337 (Plate 2)
This area consisted of trenches each with two test pits cut into the subsoil, although not all trenches were in the
area highlighted for the digging of test pits. The stratigraphy in the southern portion consisted of a brown silty
topsoil onto grey sand. Trenches near the sandy knoll just to the south of the site were particularly affected by
erosion, having a very thin topsoil. Towards the north of this area the trenches were similar to those described in
the northern area of the site, with a darker silty clay with frequent gravel and frequent root and animal
disturbance.
This area revealed the greatest concentration of struck flint from the evaluation trenches but not in total
amounting to large quantities (Fig. 3). The distribution was markedly skewed towards the outlying edges of the
sandy knoll. The test pits, however, revealed very few flints in the subsoil, none of which were unambiguously
in situ nor likely to be indicative of well preserved flint scatters.
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Finds
Struck flint by Steve Ford
A modest collection of 57 struck flints was recovered from trenches during the evaluation exercise (locations
plotted as Fig. 3). In addition two pieces were of doubtful antiquity (ploughstruck pieces?) and eight pieces came
from the field surface near to several trenches. The collection comprised 27 flakes, 19 blades, 7 spalls, 3 cores
and a microlith. A catalogue is presented in Appendix 3.
Approximately two thirds of the collection was patinated and a small number of pieces had been burnt.
There was no clear cut correlation between the degree of patination and chronology of the flintwork. Some of the
flint was derived from the local gravel but other pieces are more likely to have been obtained directly from a
chalk source.
The collection unambiguously contains a high proportion of Mesolithic (or possibly earlier Neolithic)
material with at least one third of the collection comprising blades (sensu stricto) or narrow flakes, and with one
oblique blunted microlith being recovered. Other pieces appear to have been manufactured using a soft hammer
(antler) and are more likely to be of earlier (Mesolithic) than later (Bronze Age) date. However, the collection
almost certainly also includes pieces of Neolithic or Bronze Age date. Apart from the microlith, only one or two
pieces may have been deliberately retouched but even on these examples the retouch may have been an
accidental product.
Pottery by Duncan Brown
Sixteen sherds of pottery, with a total weight of 198 grams, were recovered from unstratified deposits. A
catalogue of the types present is presented in Appendix 4 and the distribution is plotted as Figure 4. This is a
varied assemblage, but the sherd size is generally small and it is difficult to relate these finds to any specific
activity. The following ware types have been identified.
Late Iron Age / Roman Sandy ware
There are two sherds of this reduced, hand built fabric with abundant fine quartz inclusions. A single simple
everted rim sherd is probably from a jar.
Local Medieval Coarseware
There is a single body sherd, probably from a jar or cooking pot, in a dense fabric with abundant medium-sized
quartz inclusions. This is likely to be of local origin.
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Wiltshire / Dorset Sandy Coarseware
This fabric is characterized by abundant, well-sorted, fine-medium quartz inclusions. Similar fabrics were
produced at Laverstock (Musty et al. 1969) and this type may be from that site. Comparable wares are also
known at Poole (Barton et al. 1992) and these types were probably produced close to the town. Either place
could have supplied the Ringwood area. Both the Laverstock and Dorset products are generally high medieval in
date, and it is likely that these finds fall into the range 1250 to 1350, although a wider possible date range is
possible.
Verwood ware
Potteries at Verwood, only a few miles from Ringwood, produced huge quantities of lead-glazed earthenwares
throughout the 18th century and into the early 20th (Algar et al. 1979), and it is no surprise that sherds of this
ware have been found here.
Conclusion
The evaluation comprised the excavation of 337 trenches yet despite this large number, relatively little of
archaeological interest was discovered.
The two pits with ‘ashy’ fills (Features 1 and 2) found in the eastern end of the site, and an ephemeral patch
of charcoal, although of unknown date, are likely to be the result of heathland clearance processes. The features
are similar to pits found and excavated in the Phase 2 evaluation of the site, some of which contained pottery of
Iron Age or later date (Ford 2001a). Although no finds came from Features 1 and 2, a piece of post-medieval
pottery was found directly above Feature 2. A charcoal patch within the subsoil of Trench 332 was also
investigated but produced no dating evidence
The trial trenching, supplemented by test pitting within the trenches at the western end of the site was
aimed at locating any dense areas of flint working similar to the Palaeolithic example found in the Phase 2
evaluation. However, this exercise recovered few flints overall, none of which represented either large or small
scatters in situ within the subsoil. It seems clear that any in situ remains or scatters have been destroyed and
finds dispersed by later ploughing. Modern plough scars were often observed cutting the soft sands in trenches at
the western end of the site. There was, however, a general concentration of flintwork at the south-western end of
the site located on the outlying edges of the main Mesolithic flint scatter which centred on the sandy knoll to the
south of the Phase 3 site. This observation is consistent with the results of the fieldwalking undertaken in 1993
7
(Ford and Hall 1993) where the concentration of flint was observed to fade off towards the northern end of the
sandy knoll.
The stray finds of pottery are too few to indicate anything more than material which is likely to be an
accidental by-product of manuring of farmland.
It seems therefore, reasonable to conclude that the archaeological potential of the Phase 3 site is generally
very low with only a low number of Mesolithic flintwork finds from the topsoil at the western end of the site of
any interest. The proposed extraction of minerals of this phase of the quarry working will have little impact on
the archaeological heritage.
References Algar, D J, Light, A, and Treharne, P, 1979, The Verwood and District Potteries Barton, R N E, 1992, Hengistbury Head, Dorset Volume 2: The Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Sites,
Oxford Univ Comm Archaeol mongr 34, Oxford Barton, K J, Cartwright, L, Jarvis, K S, and Thomson, R G, 1992, ‘Catalogue of the Pottery’, in I P Horsey,
Excavations in Poole 1973-1983, Dorset Natur Hist Archaeol Soc Monogr 10, Dorchester, 65–130 BGS, 1976, British Geological Survey, 1:50 000, Sheet 314, Solid and Drift Edition, Keyworth Ford, S, 1992, ‘Nea Farm Quarry, near Ringwood, Hampshire, an assessment of the proposed sand and gravel
extraction’ (input to Environmental Statement), Land and Mineral Resource Consultants, Yate Ford, S and Hall, M, 1993 ‘Somerley Estate, Ringwood, Hampshire, archaeological evaluation’, Thames Valley
Archaeological Services report 92/21b, Reading Ford, S, 2001a, ‘Nea Farm Quarry, Somerley, near Ringwood, Hampshire Phase 2, An archaeological
evaluation’, Thames Valley Archaeological Services, report 01/41, Reading Ford, S, 2001b, ‘Nea Farm Quarry, Somerley, near Ringwood, Hampshire Phase 2, An archaeological
evaluation-stage 2 (test pitting)’, Thames Valley Archaeological Services, report 01/41-2, Reading Lewis, J, 1989, ‘A late glacial and early post-glacial site at Three Ways Wharf, Uxbridge, England: interim
report’, in N Barton, A J Roberts and D A Roe (eds) The Late Glacial in North-Western Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the End of the Pleistocene’, CBA Res Rep 77, London, 246–55
Musty, M A, Algar, D J and Ewence, P F, 1969, ‘The Medieval Pottery Kilns at Laverstock, near Salisbury, Wiltshire’, Archaeologia CII, 83–150
PPG16, 1990, Archaeology and Planning, Dept of the Environment Planning Policy Guidance 16, HMSO Smith, A, 1996, ‘Somerley Estate, Ringwood, Hampshire, Archaeological Excavation’, Thames Valley
Archaeological Services report 95/64b, Reading Weaver, S, 1995, ‘Somerley Estate, Ringwood, Hampshire, Archaeological Evaluation’, Thames valley
Archaeological Services report 95/64, Reading.
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APPENDIX 1: Trench details 0m at South or West end Trenches 1.8m wide. Trenches revealed brickearth unless stated otherwise
Trench No. Length (m) Depth (m) Topsoil(m) Comment 1 5.70 0.46 0.26 Occasional gravel 2 5.40 0.56 0.28 3 5.50 0.45 0.25 Gravel patches 4 6.10 0.50 0.29 Gravel patches 5 6.40 0.36 0.24 6 6.10 0.55 0.31 Occasional gravel inclusions 7 6.60 0.46 0.24 Gravel patches 8 6.30 0.53 0.27 9 7.10 0.47 0.28 Occasional gravel 10 6.25 0.53 0.28 Gravel patches 11 6.40 0.49 0.30 Moderate gravel inclusions 12 6.15 0.38 0.29 Patch of gravel 13 7.00 0.35 0.27 Patch of gravel 14 7.05 0.39 0.28 15 6.90 0.32 0.27 Occasional gravel 16 7.00 0.43 0.28 17 6.60 0.61 0.36 Frequent gravel 18 6.25 0.57 0.34 Frequent gravel 19 5.90 0.56 0.27 Frequent gravel 20 6.20 0.40 0.29 Occasional gravel 21 6.20 0.36 0.29 22 6.10 0.49 0.29 23 6.70 0.36 0.29 24 7.00 0.64 0.36 25 6.80 0.61 0.34 26 6.10 0.63 0.35 Frequent gravel 27 6.50 0.40 0.28 28 6.30 0.36 0.28 29 6.20 0.38 0.28 Occasional gravel 30 6.50 0..34 0.22 31 5.95 0.62 0.28 Brickearth, above gravel 32 6.40 0.70 0.32 33 6.70 0.50 0.31 Brickearth, above gravel 34 5.85 0.36 0.28 35 5.50 0.37 0.29 36 7.10 0.37 0.30 37 5.45 0.59 0.33 38 6.50 0.40 0.26 39 5.70 0.48 0.30 40 6.30 0.43 0.28 41 5.78 0.41 0.27 42 6.10 0.30 0.24 Gravel patch in centre 43 5.90 0.42 0.28 44 6.05 0.60 0.32 Brickearth above gravel 45 6.10 0.48 0.30 46 5.90 0.56 0.34 47 6.30 0.41 0.29 48 5.75 0.36 0.26 Feature 2 49 6.00 0.29 0.23 50 5.50 0.66 0.30 51 6.10 0.42 0.28 52 5.80 0.52 0.31 53 5.40 0.38 0.31 54 5.90 0.39 0.28 55 5.50 0.46 0.29 56 6.45 0.45 0.28 57 6.60 0.31 0.16 58 5.10 0.28 0.18 59 5.80 0.36 0.22 60 5.20 0.32 0.18 61 6.10 0.31 0.19 Occasional gravel 62 5.90 0.36 0.20 Occasional gravel 63 6.30 0.38 0.22 64 6.50 0.36 0.24 Occasional gravel 65 6.25 0.47 0.27 66 5.40 0.39 0.24 67 6.90 0.42 0.23 68 6.30 0.37 0.16 69 6.05 0.42 0.21 Occasional gravel
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APPENDIX 1: Trench details (contd.)
Trench No. Length (m) Depth (m) Topsoil(m) Comment 70 5.80 0.55 0.27 71 6.45 0.56 0.33 72 6.15 0.46 0.24 73 6.20 0.47 0.28 74 6.50 0.29 0.25 75 5.40 0.35 0.24 Occasional gravel 76 5.10 0.35 0.19 77 5.40 0.28 0.19 78 5.30 0.31 0.22 79 5.60 0.36 0.21 Occasional gravel 80 5.60 0.42 0.24 81 5.20 0.36 0.20 82 5.60 0.36 0.23 83 5.80 0.34 0.20 84 5.90 0.31 0.16 85 5.50 0.37 0.23 86 6.00 0.43 0.23 Occasional gravel 87 6.40 0.36 0.20 Feature 1 88 5.20 0.34 0.19 89 5.20 0.31 0.2 90 6.30 0.40 0.22 91 5.80 0.35 0.24 92 6.30 0.35 0.20 93 5.30 0.40 0.25 Occasional gravel 94 6.10 0.31 0.20 95 5.30 0.33 0.19 96 5.80 0.36 0.26 97 5.60 0.41 0.20 98 5.60 0.38 0.21 99 5.70 0.44 0.17
100 5.60 0.37 0.20 101 5.70 0.38 0.19 102 6.40 0.37 0.20 103 6.10 0.34 0.22 104 5.90 0.40 0.20 105 5.90 0.31 0.21 Occasional gravel 106 5.85 0.39 0.24 107 5.70 0.38 0.22 108 6.30 0.29 0.18 109 6.00 0.30 0.19 110 6.00 0.39 0.26 111 5.90 0.34 0.21 112 5.90 0.30 0.18 113 5.50 0.42 0.31 114 5.40 0.36 0.30 115 5.95 0.28 0.24 116 5.80 0.32 0.27 117 5.90 0.36 0.26 118 5.90 0.38 0.24 119 5.90 0.31 0.21 120 5.80 0.42 0.28 121 5.60 0.46 0.21 122 5.70 0.33 0.24 123 5.70 0.38 0.29 124 6.20 0.36 0.21 125 5.50 0.32 0.27 126 5.50 0.34 0.28 Occasional gravel 127 6.00 0.33 0.25 128 5.70 0.44 0.29 129 6.00 0.43 0.28 130 6.00 0.35 0.27 131 6.00 0.39 0.28 132 6.00 0.37 0.29 133 5.40 0.34 0.20 134 5.40 0.31 0.20 135 5.70 0.39 0.29 136 5.70 0.35 0.28 137 6.20 0.40 0.25 138 5.80 0.33 0.23 139 5.50 0.35 0.22 140 5.60 0.40 0.25
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APPENDIX 1: Trench details (contd.)
Trench No. Length (m) Depth (m) Topsoil(m) Comment 141 6.00 0.39 0.28 Mid brown sandy brickearth 142 5.80 0.36 0.24 Mid brown sandy brickearth 143 5.70 0.42 0.30 Modern borehole in south of trench, 1.5m from south filled with gravel.
Mid brown sandy brickearth 144 5.60 0.32 0.28 Mid brown sandy brickearth 145 5.80 0.35 0.28 Mid grey brown sand, no inclusions 146 6.00 0.44 0.29 Mid grey brown sand 147 5.70 0.47 0.28 Mid brown sandy brickearth 148 5.60 0.40 0.25 Mid brown sandy brickearth 149 5.80 0.38 0.22 Topsoil onto light brown sand 150 5.50 0.33 0.20 Topsoil onto light brown sand 151 5.95 0.36 0.26 Topsoil onto light brown sand 152 5.70 0.36 0.21 Topsoil onto light brown sand 153 5.90 0.37 0.28 Topsoil onto light brown sand 154 5.80 0.39 0.24 Topsoil onto light brown sand 155 5.85 0.42 0.28 Topsoil onto light brown sand 156 6.00 0.45 0.27 Topsoil onto light brown sand 157 6.10 0.42 0.34 Topsoil onto light brown sand 158 6.10 0.40 0.27 Topsoil onto light brown sand 159 6.10 0.40 0.28 Topsoil onto light brown sand 160 5.60 0.42 0.2 Topsoil onto light brown sand 161 5.80 0.34 0.28 Topsoil onto light brown sand 162 6.00 0.39 0.23 Topsoil onto light brown sand 163 5.40 0.32 0.21 Topsoil onto light brown sand 164 6.10 0.40 0.26 Topsoil onto light brown sand 165 5.80 0.42 0.19 Topsoil onto light brown sand 166 5.90 0.33 0.22 Topsoil onto light brown sand 167 5.90 0.39 0.20 Topsoil onto light brown sand 168 5.30 0.30 0.19 Topsoil onto light brown sand 169 5.80 0.34 0.22 Topsoil onto light brown sand 170 5.90 0.42 0.22 Topsoil onto light brown sand 171 5.80 0.38 0.28 Topsoil onto light brown sand 172 5.80 0.40 0.23 Topsoil onto light brown sand 173 5.80 0.40 0.26 Topsoil onto light brown sand 174 5.90 0.36 0.25 Topsoil onto light brown sand 175 5.95 0.34 0.24 Topsoil onto light brown sand 176 5.80 0.40 0.30 TP 1 and 2. Topsoil onto light brown sand 177 5.80 0.35 0.23 TP 3 and 4. Topsoil onto light brown sand 178 6.30 0.40 0.24 TP 5 and 6. Topsoil onto light brown sand 179 6.05 0.37 0.28 TP 7 and 8. Topsoil onto light brown sand 180 6.40 0.28 0.20 TP 13 and 14. Topsoil onto light brown sand 181 6.70 0.42 0.27 TP 15 and 16. Topsoil onto light brown sand 182 5.80 0.38 0.25 TP 17 and 18. Topsoil onto light brown sand 183 5.80 0.51 0.33 TP 19 and 20. Topsoil onto light brown sand 184 5.60 0.36 0.23 TP 21 and 22, plough scars in natural. Topsoil onto light brown sand 185 6.20 0.36 0.25 TP 23 and 24. Modern borehole, 1m from south, plough scars in natural.
Topsoil onto light brown sand 186 5.60 0.35 0.20 Mid brown sandy brickearth, occasional gravel 187 5.80 0.37 0.18 Mid brown sandy brickearth 188 6.00 0.39 0.20 Mid brown sandy brickearth 189 6.30 0.38 0.18 Mid brown sandy brickearth 190 5.90 0.37 0.18 Mid brown sandy brickearth, occasional gravel 191 6.50 0.56 0.20 Mid brown sandy brickearth 192 5.60 0.40 0.16 Mid brown sandy brickearth 193 6.20 0.42 0.16 Mid brown sandy brickearth 194 5.70 0.39 0.19 Mid brown sandy brickearth 195 5.50 0.42 0.17 Mid brown sandy brickearth 196 5.30 0.44 0.22 Mid brown sandy brickearth 197 5.30 0.79 0.20 Mid brown sandy brickearth 198 5.80 0.34 0.16 Mid brown sandy brickearth 199 5.90 0.44 0.23 Mid brown sandy brickearth 200 6.50 0.42 0.25 Mid brown sandy brickearth 201 5.90 0.38 0.28 Mid brown sandy brickearth 202 6.10 0.41 0.24 Mid brown sandy brickearth 203 6.60 0.36 0.28 Mid brown sandy brickearth 204 5.40 0.37 0.20 Mid brown sandy brickearth 205 5.80 0.37 0.22 Mid brown sandy brickearth 206 5.60 0.34 0.21 Mid brown sandy brickearth 207 5.10 0.44 0.23 Mid brown sandy brickearth 208 5.20 0.43 0.16 Light brown sandy natural 209 5.40 0.36 0.19 Mid brown sandy brickearth
11
APPENDIX 1: Trench details (contd.)
Trench No. Length (m) Depth (m) Topsoil(m) Comment 210 6.40 0.38 0.17 Mid brown sandy brickearth 211 6.10 0.33 0.15 Mid brown sandy brickearth 212 6.30 0.47 0.18 Light brown sandy natural 213 6.60 0.40 0.29 Light brown sandy natural 214 6.40 0.35 0.20 Light brown sandy natural 215 6.15 0.36 0.19 Light brown sandy natural 216 5.50 0.38 0.27 Light brown sandy natural 217 6.50 0.34 0.15 Light brown sandy natural 218 5.40 0.39 0.16 Light brown sandy natural 219 5.50 0.37 0.23 Light brown sandy natural 220 6.10 0.38 0.17 Light brown sandy natural 221 6.40 0.36 0.19 Light brown sandy natural 222 6.60 0.36 0.17 Light brown sandy natural 223 6.40 0.37 0.19 Light brown sandy natural 224 5.50 0.30 0.12 Light brown sandy natural 225 5.70 0.33 0.17 Light brown sandy natural 226 6.40 0.38 0.24 Light brown sandy natural 227 6.00 0.42 0.18 Light brown sandy natural 228 6.00 0.42 0.22 Light brown sandy natural 229 6.00 0.48 0.24 Light brown sandy natural 230 5.90 0.36 0.19 Light brown sandy natural 231 5.90 0.36 0.21 Light brown sandy natural 232 6.40 0.34 0.23 Light brown sandy natural 233 6.20 0.34 0.18 Light brown sandy natural 234 5.95 0.34 0.17 Light brown sandy natural 235 5.95 0.33 0.17 Light brown sandy natural 236 6.00 0.38 0.19 Light brown sandy natural 237 6.40 0.40 0.24 Mid brown sandy brickearth 238 6.60 0.32 0.17 Mid brown sandy brickearth 239 5.70 0.30 0.15 Mid brown sandy brickearth 240 6.30 0.32 0.14 Mid brown sandy brickearth 241 5.50 0.36 0.15 Mid brown sandy brickearth 242 5.60 0.28 0.14 Mid brown sandy brickearth 243 6.10 0.35 0.21 Mid brown sandy brickearth 244 5.80 0.38 0.16 Mid brown sandy brickearth 245 5.70 0.40 0.21 Mid brown sandy brickearth 246 5.50 0.43 0.24 Mid brown sandy brickearth 247 6.20 0.36 0.20 Mid brown sandy brickearth 248 5.90 0.44 0.19 Modern brick in subsoil. Mid brown sandy brickearth 249 6.70 0.43 0.21 Mid brown sandy brickearth 250 6.15 0.43 0.18 Mid brown sandy brickearth 251 6.20 0.34 0.21 Mid brown sandy brickearth 252 5.70 0.32 0.21 Mid brown sandy brickearth 253 5.90 0.31 0.21 Mid brown sandy brickearth 254 5.80 0.38 0.24 Mid brown sandy brickearth 255 6.00 0.33 0.16 256 6.80 0.36 0.20 Mid brown sandy brickearth 257 6.30 0.36 0.19 Mid brown sandy brickearth 258 6.20 0.38 0.20 Mid brown sandy brickearth, occasional gravel 259 6.60 0.31 0.24 Dark grey brown sandy brickearth with frequent gravel. Tree root
disturbance 260 6.30 0.33 0.20 Dark grey brown sandy brickearth with frequent gravel. Tree root
disturbance 261 5.90 0.30 0.24 Occasional gravel 262 5.90 0.26 0.26 Occasional gravel 263 6.00 0.40 0.22 TP 9 and 10 264 6.70 0.22 0.22 TP 11 and 12. Frequent gravel 265 5.90 0.20 0.20 266 7.00 0.26 0.17 Sandy brickearth, frequent gravel 267 6.70 0.30 0.27 Dark grey silty clay frequent gravel 268 6.60 0.28 0.20 Dark grey silty clay, frequent gravel 269 6.00 0.28 0.16 TP 25 and 26 270 6.20 0.33 0.18 TP 27 and 28 271 6.00 0.28 0.20 TP 29 and 30 272 6.60 0.13 0.19 TP 31 and 32 273 5.60 0.13 0.18 TP 33 and 34 274 6.20 0.24 0.20 Natural has frequent gravel 275 6.00 0.36 0.25 TP 35 and 36. Fine dark grey sand above pale cream sand 276 5.65 0.31 0.27 TP 37 and 38. 277 6.15 0.32 0.29 TP 39 and 40 278 5.90 0.27 0.25 TP 41 and 42, natural is sandy brickearth
12
APPENDIX 1: Trench details (contd.)
Trench No. Length (m) Depth (m) Topsoil(m) Comment 279 6.00 0.33 0.26 TP 43 and 44 280 6.10 0.28 0.24 TP 45 and 46 281 5.80 0.26 0.26 Frequent gravel natural 282 5.70 0.27 0.25 Frequent gravel natural 283 6.00 0.39 0.31 TP 47 and 48 284 5.90 0.35 0.30 TP 49 and 50, sandy brickearth 285 5.30 0.32 0.12 TP51 and 52 286 5.40 0.13 0.13 TP 53 and 54 287 5.50 0.17 0.17 TP 55 and 56, dark grey silty clay, frequent gravel 288 5.80 0.25 0.20 TP 57 and 58, frequent gravel 289 6.00 0.33 0.12 TP 59 and 60, light grey sand 290 5.30 0.35 0.26 TP 61 and 62 291 6.10 0.29 0.20 TP 63 and 64, sandy brickearth 292 5.85 0.37 0.24 TP 65 and 66 293 5.35 0.32 0.25 TP 67 and 68, mid grey brown brickearth with moderate gravel 294 5.60 0.43 0.20 TP69 and 70, dark grey silty clay, frequent gravel 295 5.80 0.48 0.24 Dark grey silty clay, frequent gravel 296 6.20 0.36 0.09 TP 71 and 72, mid grey sand 297 5.40 0.38 0.24 TP 73 and 74 298 5.90 0.32 0.26 TP 75 and 76, sandy brickearth 299 6.40 0.15 0.15 TP 77 and 78 300 5.70 0.18 0.17 TP 79 and 80, frequent gravel natural 301 6.05 0.25 0.25 Dark grey sandy clay with frequent gravel 302 6.10 0.40 0.13 TP 81 and 82, dark grey sand above light grey sand 303 5.90 0.37 0.20 TP 83 and 84, mid grey sand 304 6.10 0.39 0.30 TP 85 and 86 305 6.30 0.17 0.17 TP 87 and 88 306 5.40 0.24 0.24 TP 89 and 90, occasional gravel 307 6.20 0.21 0.21 TP 91 and 92, frequent gravel in natural 308 5.90 0.31 0.20 Frequent gravel natural and tree root disturbance 309 6.00 0.40 0.17 TP 93 and 94, light grey sand natural 310 5.50 0.34 0.16 TP 95 and 96 311 5.50 0.38 0.14 TP 97 and 98, plough scars in sand natural 312 5.60 0.16 0.12 TP 99 and 100 313 6.20 0.16 0.13 TP 101 and 102, grey sand with occasional gravel. 314 6.30 0.12 0.11 TP 103 and 104, dark grey silty clay with frequent gravel. 315 5.50 0.42 0.30 Tree root disturbance, dark grey silty clay, frequent gravel. 316 6.40 0.42 0.29 TP 105 and 106, mid grey sand 317 5.50 0.31 0.14 TP 107 and 108, mid grey sand 318 5.90 0.37 0.12 TP 109 and 110, occasional gravel 319 6.50 0.14 0.13 TP 111 and 112, mid grey silty clay with moderate gravel 320 6.40 0.42 0.20 Frequent gravel in dark grey sandy clay 321 5.30 0.45 0.17 TP 113 and 114, mid grey sand 322 5.65 0.49 0.13 TP 115 and 116 323 5.90 0.18 0.13 TP 117 and 118 324 6.00 0.14 0.13 TP 119 and 120, dark grey silty clay with frequent gravel 325 6.30 0.24 0.18 Tree root disturbance, dark grey silty clay with frequent gravel 326 6.30 0.47 0.13 TP 121 and 122 327 6.25 0.45 0.17 TP 123 and 124, dark grey sand with occasional gravel 328 5.60 0.52 0.15 TP 125 and 126, dark grey sand with occasional gravel 329 6.10 0.16 0.14 TP 127 and 128 330 6.25 0.49 0.17 331 6.00 0.38 0.29 332 5.40 0.47 0.29 Slight charcoal path investigated, less than 0.03m deep, no finds, possible
tree root disturbance. Dark sand with frequent gravel 333 6.15 0.39 0.26 Tree root disturbance, dark grey sand with frequent gravel 334 5.60 0.60 0.28 Dark grey sand 335 6.30 0.49 0.25 Dark grey sand 336 6.05 0.32 0.24 Tree root disturbance, dark grey sand with frequent gravel 337 6.20 0.55 0.26 Dark grey sand
13
APPENDIX 2: Test pit details
Test Pit Trench Depth of trench (m) Depth of test pit (m) 1 167 0.20 0.18 2 167 0.21 0.20 3 177 0.13 0.18 4 177 0.10 0.17 5 178 0.16 0.14 6 178 0.23 0.12 7 179 0.16 0.27 8 179 0.19 0.24 9 263 0.17 0.18 10 263 0.18 0.11 11 264 0.16 0.17 12 264 0.19 0.13 13 180 0.15 0.15 14 180 0.14 0.12 15 181 0.19 0.18 16 181 0.17 0.16 17 182 0.14 0.17 18 182 0.13 0.17 19 183 0.15 0.19 20 183 0.16 0.18 21 184 0.15 0.13 22 184 0.18 0.11 23 185 0.14 0.15 24 185 0.16 0.16 25 269 0.15 0.10 26 269 0.20 0.70 27 270 0.18 0.11 28 270 0.15 0.12 29 271 0.17 0.16 30 271 0.19 0.21 31 272 0.17 0.18 32 272 0.18 0.15 33 273 0.20 0.22 34 273 0.18 0.17 35 275 0.18 0.11 36 275 0.18 0.15 37 276 0.16 0.15 38 276 0.12 0.13 39 277 0.20 0.13 40 277 0.20 0.15 41 278 0.16 0.19 42 278 0.13 0.19 43 272 0.18 0.14 44 272 0.18 0.22 45 280 0.19 0.17 46 280 0.18 0.16 47 283 0.12 0.14 48 283 0.14 0.13 49 284 0.11 0.15 50 284 0.11 0.16 51 285 0.12 0.13 52 285 0.12 0.15 53 286 0.11 0.15 54 286 0.13 0.12 55 287 0.18 0.18 56 297 0.18 0.23 57 288 0.11 0.14 58 288 0.13 0.10 59 289 0.09 0.14 60 289 0.11 0.14 61 290 0.12 0.13 62 290 0.11 0.16 63 291 0.14 0.12 64 291 0.12 0.13 65 292 0.12 0.18 66 292 0.12 0.13
14
APPENDIX 2: Test pit details (contd.)
Test Pit Trench Depth of trench (m) Depth of test pit (m) 67 293 0.17 0.19 68 293 0.14 0.21 69 294 0.10 0.18 70 294 0.12 0.18 71 296 0.09 0.17 72 296 0.08 0.14 73 297 0.12 0.11 74 297 0.13 0.15 75 298 0.12 0.13 76 298 0.14 0.11 77 299 0.15 0.12 78 299 0.13 0.14 79 300 0.16 0.15 80 300 0.17 0.15 81 302 0.12 0.18 82 302 0.13 0.22 83 303 0.12 0.18 84 303 0.15 0.19 85 304 0.15 0.17 86 304 0.14 0.16 87 305 0.21 0.16 88 305 0.20 0.12 89 306 0.14 0.21 90 306 0.14 0.17 91 307 0.11 0.15 92 307 0.10 0.18 93 309 0.19 0.13 94 309 0.12 0.16 95 310 0.16 0.18 96 310 0.13 0.16 97 311 0.14 0.16 98 311 0.13 0.14 99 312 0.12 0.12
100 312 0.11 0.13 101 313 0.16 0.18 102 313 0.13 0.17 103 314 0.11 0.19 104 314 0.12 0.17 105 316 0.11 0.15 106 316 0.16 0.19 107 317 0.14 0.18 108 317 0.12 0.28 109 318 0.10 0.19 110 318 0.12 0.19 111 319 0.13 0.15 112 319 0.12 0.15 113 321 0.17 0.17 114 321 0.17 0.27 115 322 0.13 0.15 116 322 0.12 0.18 117 323 0.13 0.10 118 323 0.13 0.10 119 324 0.14 0.15 120 324 0.13 0.13 121 326 0.13 0.13 122 326 0.11 0.11 123 327 0.11 0.11 124 327 0.17 0.17 125 328 0.15 0.15 126 328 0.19 0.19 127 329 0.14 0.14 128 329 0.16 0.16
15
Appendix 3: Catalogue of struck flint Trench Context Type 37 Microlith (oblique blunted); Broken blade (patinated) 112 Intact flake (patinated) 140 Broken flake 176 Intact flake (patinated); Broken flake (burnt) 177 2 Intact flakes; Intact blade 177 TP4 Broken blade (patinated); Broken flake 178 TP5 Possible broken blade (burnt) 178 TP6 Spall 179 Core 180 Core (patinated) 180 TP14 Intact flake 181 TP16 Intact flake (ploughstruck?) 182 TP17 Broken flake (patinated) 183 Intact blade (patinated); Intact blade; Broken blade (patinated); Intact flake; Intact flake (patinated);
Broken flake 184 Intact flake (patinated) 184 TP21 Intact flake 185 Broken blade (patinated); Intact flake (patinated); Broken blade (patinated, modern edge damage); Spall 185 subsoil Intact flake (patinated) 236 subsoil Broken blade (patinated); Intact flake 245 subsoil Intact flake 256 subsoil Broken flake (patinated); Spall (patinated) 257 subsoil Broken fake, Intact blade (patinated, part crested); Intact blade (burnt, scraper?) 263 TP9 Intact flake; Broken flake 263 TP10 Possible broken blade 264 subsoil Broken flake 270 Broken flake 270 TP28 Spall 276 Intact flake 276 subsoil Broken flake (patinated) 277 Spall 278 Spall 278 TP42 Broken blade 280 Bashed lump (ploughstruck) 283 Intact blade (patinated); 283 subsoil Broken blade (patinated) 291 Broken flake; Broken flake (patinated); Spall 292 subsoil Intact flake 294 Broken blade (patinated, crested?) 296 subsoil Broken blade (patinated) 297 TP74 Intact flake 302 Intact blade (patinated) 307 Core (patinated) 309 Intact flake (facetted platform) Other finds near Trench 336 3 Broken blades (patinated) near Trench 178 Broken blade (patinated); 2 Intact flakes (patinated) near Trench 180 Broken blade (patinated); Intact flake (patinated)
1
Appendix 4: Catalogue of ceramics Trench/ Context
Ware type Date range Sherd type
Vessel type
Weight (g)
Sherd count
Comment
178 TP6 Late Iron Age/ Roman Sandy 50 BC – AD 100 Body 2 1 288 TP57 Wilts/ Dorset Sandy coarseware AD1200-1400 Body 3 2 307 TP92 Ceramic building material Post-Med Brick? 1 1
48 Verwood AD1700-1900 Rim Dish 30 1 abraded 86 Verwood AD1700-1900 Body 13 1 abraded 132 Verwood AD1700-1900 Base 30 1 abraded 152 Verwood AD1700-1900 Body 19 1 203 Local Medieval Coarseware AD1200-1400 Body Jar 6 1 Abundant medium coarse
quartz inclusions 233 Verwood AD1700-1900 Body 21 1 241 Wilts/ Dorset Sandy coarseware AD1200-1350 Body Jar 10 1 Scratch/ drag marks 257 Wilts/ Dorset Sandy coarseware AD1200-1400 Rim Jar 14 1 Typical squared rim 307 Ceramic building material Post-Med Body Tile? 10 1 313 Ceramic building material Post-Med Brick? 1 1 319 Late Iron Age/ Roman Sandy 0 BC – AD 100 Rim Jar 14 1 Simple, everted, reduced
By Tr 336 Verwood AD1700-1900 Rim Bowl 24 1 unglazed
Nea Farm, Somerley, Ringwood, Hampshire, 2002Phase 3
Figure 1. Location of site within Somerley andHampshire.
Reproduced from Ordnance Survey Outdoor Leisure 1:25000 OrdnanceSurvey Licence AL52324A0001
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SOM 02/03
N
Phase 2 evaluation
Upper Palaeolithic Site
Shepherd's Cottage
12300SU 12200 12400 12800 129001260012500 12700
08900
08800
08700
08600
0 100m
Nea Farm, Somerley, Hampshire, 2002, Phase 3
Phase 1 evaluation
Figure 2. Location of trenches and features
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SOM 02/03
N
M
Phase 2 evaluation
Phase 1 evaluation
Upper Palaeolithic Site
3 3
Nea Farm, Somerley, Hampshire, 2002, Phase 3
SU12200 12300 12400 12800 12900 12700 12500 12600
08800
08900
08700
08600
Blade
Spall
Microlith
Core
KEY
M
Flake
0 100m
Shepherd'sCottage
263
3
3
302
180
Figure 3. Distribution map of flints found in Phase 3.
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SOM 02/03
N
Phase 2 evaluation
Phase 1 evaluation
Nea Farm, Somerley, Hampshire, 2002, Phase 3
SU 12200 12300 12400 12500 12600 12700 12800 12900
08600
08700
08800
08900
258
100m
Medieval
Post-Medieval
KEY
Iron Age/ Roman
0
Shepherd'sCottage
Figure 4. Distribution map of pottery found in Phase 3.
Upper Palaeolithic Site
NTrench 85
Trench 48
1
0 1m
N
2
0m 1m 2m 3m
2m 3m 4m
Figure 5. Plans of features 1 and 2. SOM02/03
Nea Farm, Somerley, Ringwood, Hampshire 2002, Phase 3
SOM02/03
2
1
50
52
E W
NE SW
0 1m
Figure 6. Sections of features 1 and 2.
Trench 85
Trench 48
Nea Farm, Somerley, Ringwood, Hampshire 2002, Phase 3
Plate 1. Trench 25 looking east. Scales: 2m and 1m.
Plate 2. Trench 288 looking south west. Scales: 2m and 1m.
PFR0183
Plate 3. Trench 176 looking north east. Scale: 0.50m.
Plate 4. Trench 48 Pit 2 looking south. Scales: 0.5m and 0.1m.
SOM02/03
