An Archaeological Monitoring Report for Restroom Improvements at St. William Catholic Church TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037

Hanalei Ahupua‘a Halele‘a District Island of Kaua‘i

FINAL VERSION

Prepared By:

Robert B. Rechtman, Ph.D,

Prepared For:

St. Catherine Parish 5021-A Kawaihao Road Kapaa, HI 96746

March 2014

ASM Project Number 21980

An Archaeological Monitoring Report for Restroom Improvements at St. William Catholic

Church

TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037

Hanalei Ahupua‘a Halele‘a District Island of Kaua‘i

Management Summary

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY In compliance with a Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) SMA Minor permit review, ASM Affiliates Inc. has prepared this archaeological monitoring report on behalf of St. William Catholic Church. This report details the procedures that were followed during the monitoring of ground-disturbing activities associated with improvements to an existing free-standing restroom facility located on a 0.54 acre parcel (TMK: (4) 5-5-02:037) within Hanalei Ahupua‘a, Halele‘a District, Island of Kaua‘i. A monitoring plan (Rechtman 2013) in compliance with Hawai‘i Administrative Rules 13§13-279 was submitted to and approved by SHPD. The current archaeological monitoring project adhered to the protocols stipulated in the approved Monitoring Plan as well as with the procedures outlined in HAR 13§13-279. On March 26, 2014, Robert B. Rechtman Ph.D. was on site to monitor excavation activities. ASM Affiliates, Inc. invested a total of 4 labor hours during the on-site monitoring. As there were no archaeological features observed during the monitoring effort, it is concluded that the development activities associated the St William Catholic Church Restroom Improvement Project did not impact any archaeological resources.

Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘i i

Table of Contents

CHAPTERS Page 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................1

2. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................6

3. ANTICIPATED REMAINS ........................................................................................................8

4. FIELD RESULTS AND SUMMARY.........................................................................................9

REFERENCES CITED ..................................................................................................................10

FIGURES

Page 1. Project area location. ....................................................................................................................2

2. Tax Map Key (4) 5-5-002 showing current study parcel (Parcel 037, shaded) ...........................3

3. Floor and Site Plans of proposed restroom improvements. .........................................................4

4. Existing restroom structure and location of intended improvements, view to the northeast. ......5

5. Parish hall building (to right) and septic and leach field in lawn area with shadow. ..................5

6. Exposed concrete cap of cesspool just below existing ground surface. ......................................6

7. Cut drain pipes from existing restroom into cesspool. ................................................................7

8. Area adjacent to cesspool excavated for pump housing. .............................................................7

9. Komatsu excavator used for subsurface work. ............................................................................8

10. Excavation area between existing cesspool and existing restroom below the level of prior disturbance. ................................................................................................................................9

11. Stratigraphic profile drawing of the pump housing excavation. ..............................................10

Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘i ii

1. Introduction

1. INTRODUCTION In compliance with a Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) SMA Minor permit review (February 15, 2013; Log Nos. 2012.3151, 2013.1732, Doc. No. 1302SL07), ASM Affiliates Inc. has prepared this archaeological monitoring report on behalf of St. William Catholic Church. This report details the procedures that were followed during the monitoring of ground-disturbing activities associated with improvements to an existing free-standing restroom facility located on a 0.54 acre parcel (TMK: (4) 5-5-02:037) within Hanalei Ahupua‘a, Halele‘a District, Island of Kaua‘i (Figures 1, 2, and 3). The improvements call for the construction of a new 10 by 10-foot storage and utility room adjacent to the existing restroom (Figure 4), the placement of a new ADA compliant sidewalk access to the restroom, the abandonment of an existing cesspool, and the connection of the restroom plumbing to an existing septic system (Figure 5). The current project area is situated in the northeast corner of parcel (see Figure 3) to the east of an area of the parcel that was previously subject to subsurface archaeological testing (Spear 1992) associated with the construction of the parish hall building and placement of a septic system. During this earlier study one archaeological site (SIHP Site 1877) was identified that had the potential to be affected by the current proposed improvements, thus SHPD recommended “that ground disturbing activities . . . be monitored by a qualified archaeologist;” and “that the applicant submit an archaeological monitoring plan . . . for review and approval.” (February 15, 2013; Log Nos. 2012.3151, 2013.1732, Doc. No. 1302SL07). A monitoring plan (Rechtman 2013) in compliance with Hawai‘i Administrative Rules 13§13-279 was submitted to and approved by SHPD (April 1, 2013, Log No. 2013.2449, Doc No.: 1304SL01). The current archaeological monitoring project adhered to the protocols stipulated in the approved Monitoring Plan (Rechtman 2013) as well as with the procedures outlined in HAR 13§13-279.

Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘I 1

1. Introduction

Figure 1. Project area location.

2 Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘i

1. Introduction

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Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘I 3

1. Introduction

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4 Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘i

1. Introduction

Figure 4. Existing restroom structure and location of intended improvements, view to the northeast.

Figure 5. Parish hall building (to right) and septic and leach field in lawn area with shadow.

Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘I 5

2. Construction Activities

2. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES Much of the construction activity was undertaken in areas that had previously been disturbed by the excavation of a cesspool with associated drain lines, and more recently by the placement of a subsurface septic tank and leach field system. The abandonment of the cesspool required the destruction of its concrete cap, which was located roughly 10 centimeters below the current ground surface (Figure 6); The cutting and removal of the existing drain pipes that enter the cesspool (Figure 7) and filling of the cesspool, the excavation of an area adjacent to the cesspool for the placement of a pump housing (Figure 8), and the joining of the existing cut drain lines to the lift pump and the existing septic system. All new pipes were installed in previously disturbed areas. Only the excavation for the pump housing involved previously undisturbed deposits. A small Komatsu excavator (Figure 9) was use for the subsurface work.

Figure 6. Exposed concrete cap of cesspool just below existing ground surface.

6 Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘i

2. Construction Activities

Figure 7. Cut drain pipes from existing restroom into cesspool.

Figure 8. Area adjacent to cesspool excavated for pump housing.

Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘i 7

3. Anticipated Remains

Figure 9. Komatsu excavator used for subsurface work.

3. ANTICIPATED REMAINS The current study parcel was subject to an archaeological inventory survey conducted by Robert Spear (1992). That study included subsurface testing, which revealed seven features of a buried and stratified cultural deposit the base of which yielded wood charcoal that was radiocarbon dated to A.D. 1319-1650; the upper strata of the deposit contained artifacts of European manufacture. The entire deposit was assigned the designation SIHP Site 50-30-02-01877. The eastern boundary of this site was never defined and may extend into the current project area. Additionally, across Malolo Street approximately 100 meters to the northwest of the current project area an inadvertent burial discovery was made in 1995 on TMK: (4) 5-5-003:035 and there was reason to believe that other burials existed elsewhere on that parcel (McMahon n.d.).

Based on the results of the prior archaeological studies conducted in the vicinity of the current parcel, as well as the results of the earlier study (Spear 1992) conducted within the limits of the current study parcel to the west of the current project area, the possibility does exist for encountering buried cultural deposits associated with Precontact and Historic Period habitation (SIHP Site 1877). It is also possible that human skeletal remains could be encountered.

8 Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘i

4. Field Results and Summary

4. FIELD RESULTS AND SUMMARY On March 26, 2014, Robert B. Rechtman Ph.D. was on site to monitor excavation activities. Prior to beginning such activities that had a potential to affect historic properties, Dr. Rechtman presented a short briefing to the plumbing contractor and work crew (Estenzo Plumbing, LLC, Owner Willie Estenzo), discussing the procedures for monitoring and describing the possible types of resources that could be found. It was also explained that monitoring archaeologist had the authority to halt excavation in the event that cultural resources were encountered. After reviewing the construction plans with Willie Estenzo, it was determined that the only area where previously undisturbed ground was going to be impacted was located to the northwest of the existing cesspool (between the cesspool and the existing restroom building) below the level of the restroom drain pipe that leads to the cesspool. It is in this area that the subsurface pump housing will be built. This area was excavated to a depth of 65 centimeters below the existing drain pipe (Figure 10). Within the roughly 2 meter wide exposed profile (Figure 11) there was no evidence of the nearby recorded Site 1877; nor were there any significant artifacts, cultural deposits, or human burials present in the excavated area. ASM Affiliates, Inc. invested a total of 4 labor hours during the on-site monitoring. As there were no archaeological features observed during the monitoring effort, it is concluded that the development activities associated the St William Catholic Church Restroom Improvement Project did not impact any archaeological resources.

Figure 10. Excavation area between existing cesspool and existing restroom below the level of prior disturbance.

Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘i 9

References Cited

10 Monitoring Report TMK: (4) 5-5-002:037 Hanalei, Halele‘a, Kaua‘i

Figure 11. Stratigraphic profile drawing of the pump housing excavation.

REFERENCES CITED McMahon, N.

n.d. Inadvertent Burial Discovery Malolo Road, Waioli, Hanalei, Kaua‘i (TMK:5-5-03:35). Letter report on file at the State Historic Preservation Division, Department of Land and Natural Resources.

Rechtman, R., and L. Zenobi 2003 Archaeological Monitoring Plan for Restroom Improvements at St. William Catholic Church (TMK:4-

5-5-002:037, Hanalei Ahupua‘a, Halele‘a District, Island of Kaua‘i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0845. Prepared for St. William Church, Hanalei, Kaua‘i

Spear, R. 1992 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of St. Williams Church, Hanalei, Kaua’i. Prepared for Applied

Planning Services.