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Human Space Exploration Objectives & Experience
• All-up architectures demonstrated significant advancements, but proved to be unsustainable, unaffordable, and mission inflexible, even with reusable vehicles
• Modular architectures are proving to be sustainable, affordable, and mission flexible
Our experiences provide valuable insight into
an architecture for sustainable human exploration of space
Dedicated cargo missions provided by
autonomous logistics modules from
multiple carriers
ISS demonstrates modular building, ability to
integrate with multiple vehicles
Dedicated crew missions provided by
modules from multiple carriers
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Sustainable Architecture Characteristics
• Scales to fit available funding profile while achieving long term objectives
– Uses pre-placement & verification of non-time critical elements and successive capabilities demonstrations (modular building)
– Maximizes use of common elements/modules
– Separates crew and cargo missions that optimize vehicle mass & requirements
• Focused on long term logistics support
– Flexibility to support multiple destinations beyond LEO
– Implements modular, fuel efficient transportation systems
A modular architecture enables sustainability
through the use of modular campaigns, missions, and vehicles
Vs.
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In-Space Propulsion Architecture Significantly Impacts Launcher Requirements and Mission Sustainability
Crew of 4 to Low Mars Orbit and back
Direct Return LEO Return
748
1406
375
588
331
494
304
590
173
336
155
280
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Direct Return LEO Return
IMLE
O, t
Cryo Crew/Cargo
Cryo Crew/SEP Hall Cargo
Cryo Crew/SEP Gridded Ion Cargo
NTR Crew/Cargo
NTR Crew/SEP Hall Cargo
NTR Crew/SEP Gridded Ion Cargo
Direct Return
LEO Return
Separating cargo and crew, using SEP for cargo and high thrust
Chemical or NTR for crew, decreases launcher requirements by 2X
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Most Missions will be Cargo Logistics Missions
SEP cargo vehicles support a wide range of missions, from near term ARM
to logistics for human outposts, to SLS class cargo transport to Mars
SEP Module is the Backbone for Future
Missions
Asteroid Retrieval
Satellite Servicing
DoD Orbit Raising
Debris Removal
Science Robotics SLS/Orion Logistics
Planetary Defense Mars Exploration
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Long Life Hall Thruster Technology is Enabling for SEP Mars Cargo Vehicles
Aerojet has incorporated
zero erosion Hall thruster technology since 2001
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Conclusion
• Human Exploration of Mars requires a sustainable architecture
• All-up architectures have proven to be unsustainable
• Modular architectures enable sustainability
– Scales to fit available funding profile while achieving long term objectives
• Uses pre-placement & verification of non-time critical elements and successive capabilities demonstrations (modular building)
• Maximizes use of common elements/modules
• Separates crew and cargo missions that optimize vehicle mass & requirements
– Focused on long term logistics support
• Flexibility to support multiple destinations beyond LEO
• Implements modular, fuel efficient transportation systems
A First Step: Establishing Deep Space Logistics
Using current technology in new ways to
establish a new paradigm for in-space
operations and take our first steps in deep
space exploration
Demonstrating Extensible Propulsion Systems
for Cargo Transportation to Mars