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CHIDA ATO AMASHITA ERADA
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Sendai District Meteorological Observatory, Japan Mete-
Mitigation, JMA, Miyaji, Ichinomiya, Aso, Kuma-
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kusatsu, Gunma
Aso Volcanological Laboratory, Kyoto University,
steaming ground, Ice Box Calorimetry, IR thermometer, heat-discharge rate, ground surface temperature
The heat balance model can be used to readily calculate the total heat-discharge rate through steaming ground
based on the distribution of surface temperature obtained by an infrared radiation (IR) thermometer. This
method is convenient ; however, the model involves some critical assumptions and large uncertainties. With the
aim of developing a simple method for reliable measurements of the total heat-discharge rate, we carried out field
experiments at the geothermal field of Yoshioka hot springs, Aso volcano, Japan. To directly measure the
heat-discharge rate at each measurement site, we used Ice Box Calorimetry (IBC), which can be used to measure
the combined conductive and convective heat-discharge rate, (W/m ), from the ground surface, based on the
time required to melt ice housed within an aluminum box placed on the ground. At the same time, we used an
IR thermometer to measure the ground-surface temperature, ( ), at each site. Our observations revealed the
relationship between the heat-discharge rate anomaly ( ) and the temperature anomaly (
), where and were the average ground-surface temperature and the average heat-discharge rate outside the
geothermal area, respectively. Although the obtained data show a degree of scatter, the value of increases
almost linearly with consistent with the heat balance model : , where is the proportional
coe cient, which is estimated to be (W/m / ) from the least squares method. We consider that this
empirical relationship is applicable in obtaining accurate estimates of the total heat-discharge rate from steaming
ground. To assess the reliability of the linear relation and determine appropriate values of it would be
necessary to conduct additional accurate, simultaneous observations of and at sites on many di erent
volcanoes and under various meteorological conditions. Furthermore, we carried out measurements when the
ground surface was wet due to rainfall. As a result, we obtained of W/m , larger than the value obtained
with a dry ground surface. This experiment suggests that the presence of rainwater enhances heat convection,
including latent heat, near the ground surface.
:
orological Agency (JMA), Gorin, Miyagino-
ku, Sendai , Japan. Kawayo, Minami-Aso, Kumamoto , Japan.
:
Fukuoka District Meteorological Observatory, JMA, Present address. Volcanic Fluid Research Center,
Oohori, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka , Japan.
, Japan.
Aso Local Cooperative O ce for Volcanic Disaster Corresponding author : Higashi Uchida
e-mail : [email protected]
moto , Japan.
Higashi U , Takahisa S , Takatsugu Y and Akihiko T
An Empirical Relationship between Ground-surface Temperature and Heat-discharge Rate on
Steaming Ground: Field Experiments Using IR Thermometer and Ice Box Calorimetry
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measurement site (A). (b) Infrared image of the area around Ice Box A. The ground-surface
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data collected within the geothermal field. The
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Benseman, R.F. ( ) The calorimetry of steaming ground
(Seki-
(Oppen-
of heat flux from steaming ground. ,
207
.
Terada ( )
W m C
, m ( ) (
IBC )
W m
m
m
heimer and Rothery, ) IBC
m
IBC
in thermal areas. , .
( )
.
( )oka and Yuhara, ) IBC
.
Harris, A.J.L. and Maciejewski, A.J.H. ( ) Thermal
surveys of the Vulcano Fossa fumarole field :
evidence for fumarole migration and sealing.
, .
( )
CCD-ROM V .
Ice Box Calorimetry ; IBCHochstein, M.P. and Bromley, C.J. ( ) Measurement
.
Hetty Triastuty
( )
.W m Italiano, F. and Nuccio, P.M. ( ) Volcanic steam
Geothermics,
C
et al.
C
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T T Q
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C
C
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the western slope geothermal zone of Aso volcano, Japan :
Matsushima, N. ( ) Mathematical simulation of magma-
monitoring of volcanoes by satellite.
sensing. development of a new geothermal field in .
208
output directly measured in fumaroles : the observed var- surface. , .
iations at Vulcano Island, Italy, between and . ( )
, . .
Terada, A., Kagiyama, T. and Oshima, H. ( ) Ice Box
hydrothermal activity associated with the eruption Calorimetry : a useful method for estimating heat dis-
of Usu volcano. , . charge rates through steaming ground.
Oppenheimer, C.M.M. and Rothery, D.A. ( ) Infrared , .
( )
, .
Sekioka, M. ( ) Proposal of a convenient version of the V .
heat balance technique estimating heat flux on geother- Terada, A. and Sudo, Y. ( ) Geothermal activity within
mal and volcanic fields by means of infrared remote
, . submitted.
Sekioka, M. and Yuhara, K. ( ) Heat flux estimation in
geothermal areas based on the heat balance of the ground
J. Geol. Soc., London,
Memoirs of the National Defense Academy Japan, Geo-
J. Geophys. Res.,
Bull. Volcanol.,
Earth Planets Space, Earth Planets
Space,
thermics,
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