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AN
ENGLISH-ANGLO-SAXON
VOCABULARY.
COMPILED BY
THE REV. WALTER W. SKEAT, M.A.,
ELRINGTON AND BOSWORTH PROFESSOR OF ANGLO-SAXON.
PRINTED FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION ONLY.
Cambrfog* :
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
1879
INTRODUCTION.
ON the appearance of Mr Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Reader in 1876,
it occurred to me that an English index (if I may so call it)to
the words contained in the admirable Glossary appended to it
would be useful, at any rate to myself. In the course of 1878 I
made such an index. On looking it over, I at once observed that
some very common and characteristic words were wanting in it,
on account of the necessarily limited nature of the selections. It
then occurred to me that many of these could be readily supplied
by help of the index to Mr Sweet's History of English Sounds. I
accordingly went through that index, and so filled up some of the
gaps. In a very few cases I passed over the words thus indicated,
because the word was unimportant or the form a little doubtful.
Hence the present list contains only such English words as
occur (i) in the explanations of Anglo-Saxon words in Sweet's
Glossary to the Reader (first edition) ;and (2) nearly all the words
given in his History of English Sounds. The result is a vocabulary
which gives some account of most of the more important words of
the language; and shews, on the one hand, what words are still
in use nearly unchanged, and on the other, what ideas are expressed
by totally different terms in the modern and in the oldest English.
Limited as is the vocabulary, it has at any rate this advantage,
viz. that all the Anglo-Saxon words cited are real ones, for which
actual authority can be adduced. The passages in which they
occur can be found by the references in the Glossary to the Reader;
i 2
INTRODUCTION
or else, when the word is but slightly changed, by reference to the
dictionaries of Bosworth, Lye and Manning, or Ettmiiller. As it is
chiefly in the former case that the construction of the word may
require illustration, it is easy to turn to the passages cited and
observe any peculiarity of usage. It will at once be seen that, from
the way in which the list has been compiled, it is necessarily scanty
and imperfect. It is merely a handy list, intended for my own use
and for that of a few friends and students.
CAMBRIDGE,
April i^th, 1879.
N.B. When modern English verbs and substantives are not
distinguished as such, the verbs may be readily known by the fact
that the Anglo-Saxon infinitive mood ends in -an. It may also be
noted that additional Anglo-Saxon words may often be found under
synonymous English ones. Thus to bid is bebdan ; and, by looking
under command, we also find hdtan.
VOCABULARY.
a, dn
abandon, forlsetan
abbess, abbudisse
abbot, abbod
abject, hean
able, to be, cunnan
abode, wunungaboitt, ymbe, ymb, embe, w. ace.;
onbutan, ymbutanabove, ofer, ufan, bufan
; (of supe-
riority) toforan; adv., uppe ;
from above, ufan
abroad, ut, utanbordes, ute
abstainfrom, wiSbredan, refl.
abundance, genyhtabuse, v., hirwan
accessible, gefe're
accomplish, asfnan, bewitian, ge-
forSian, Jmrhteon ; fullgan, w.dat.
according to, be
account, geradaccount, v., tellan
accurately, gewyrdeliceaccursed, unlaed
accusation, wi oht
accuse, gewrdgan, forwre'gan ;ac-
cuse of, gestselan, iv. dat.
ache, aece, ece
acknowledge, oncnawanacorn, ascern, ascirn
acquire, gewinnan, strfnan
acre, aecer
act, v., d6n
action, weorc
adder, naedre
addition, eaca
adhesive, clibbor
AID
admonish, gemanianadorn, besettan, gefraetwian, ge-
hlaestan, ger^nian, girwan, gleng-an, teon (weak verb}, weortJian,wurSian
adorned, gehroden, geatolic
adulterer, boring, aebreca
adultery, hor, forligere, aebryceadvance, wadanadvent, tocymeadversary, andsaca, wiSersaca
advice, lar, larcwide, raed
advise, geraedan, raedan, Iseran
adze, adesa, adese
afflict, eglan, gebr6cian, gecwilman,gedreccan, geswencan, gewaegan,genearwian, ge>ryscan, >ryccan
afflicted, gedr^fedaffliction, broc, hearm, weorc
aforesaid, se foresaeda; foresprecen
afraid, forht, ofdraedd
afraid, to be, forhtian, ondrsedan
after, aefter ; (of time}, ofer ; (ofplace) on Idst, w. dat.; afterthat, ftaes 5e
afterwards, eft, siSSan, foes, aefter
Samagain, eft, eft ongeanagainst, on, ongean, ongdn, wi8,
w. ace.; (hostilely), togeanesage (old age), ildu
; (growing old),
ealdungagitated (in mind}, astyred
agree to, ge|>waerian, gejjwaerlaecan
agreeable, gecw^meagreement, treow, wedd, gecwidra;:-
den
aid, fultum
AIL ASHAMED
ail, eglanair, lyft
akin, gesibbalas, wa la wdalder, air
alderman, ealdorman-
ale, ealu
alight (from a horse}, lihtan
alike, gelice
alive, cwic,*cucu
all, call ;most ofall, ealra maest ;
at all, dwiht, to ante
allow, alifan, w. dat. of pers. andace. of thing; h'fan, Isetan, ge>aT-
ian, ge>wserianallure, spananalmighty, eallmihtig, eallwealdend
almost, fornedh ;almost all, swiS-
ost ealle
c/wj. aelmesse
almsgiving, aelmesgifu
alone, dn
along, be
alongside of, toemnes, w. dat.
also, ealswd, edc, dc ; edc swilce,edc swd
; swilce, swilce edc
altar, weofod
alter, dwendan
although, Seah, ftdh, Sedh 8e
always, ealne weg, ealneg ; sefre ;
symble ; gehwserw, com
ambition, ricetere
ambush, ssetung
amid, onmiddanamidst, t6middes
among, ongemang, mid, betweo-num
an, dn
ancestors, ildran
and, and, ond.
angel, engel
angels, race, of, engelcynnangelic, engellic
anger, torn, grama, irre
angle; see hook
angrily, torne, irringa
angry, irre, gram, wrdS, dbolgen,
gebolgenangry, to be, dbelgananimal, nedt ,
ankle, ancleow
announce, bodian, w. dat.; dbe6d-an
annul, didlian, dwsegan ; (annullaws), forniman
anon, on an
answer, v., andswarian, andwyrdananswer, s., andswaru, andwyrdeant, aemette
anvil, anfilte
any, a^nig
any one, hwa"
anything, wiht, wuhtanywhere, dhwaer, hwa?r
apart, sundor
ape, apaapostate, apostataapostle, apostol
appear, asteowian; >yncan, impers.,
w. dat.
apple, asppel
apply, dteon; apply oneself to,
befeolan, w. dat.
appoint, settan, dihtan, sceawian ;
gelagian, genamian, gescirian,
geteohhianapproach, nealsecung, upgangapproach, v., genealsecanarchangel, heahengelarchbishop, arcebiscopardour, inbryrdnis, onbryrdnisare, sind, sindon, beoS (Northum-
brian aron)arise, drisan
; (be born), wacanark, earc
arm, earmarm, v., girwan, gewaSpenianarmour, reaf, herereaf; firdham,
firdhraegl, eorlgewaedearmy, here, herefolc, folc, fird,
swe6t
around, ymbe, ymb, embe ; ymbut-an, onbiitan
arouse, weccan
arrange, fadian, dredian
array (oneself}, trymian, trymman,refl.
arrow, fldn, strael;
hildenaedre;
also areweart, craeft, searuart (z p. s. pres. of verb}, eart
artifice, searu, sirwungas, swd
; (according as], Saes ?5e;
swilce, w. indie.; as. ..as, swd...
swd; as if, swilce, w. subj.;as soon as, s6na swd. [j = eal
swd]ascend, stigan
ascension, updstigennisascent, upstigeascribe, getitelian
ash, assc
ashamed, to be, scamian, impers. iv.
ASHES BEFOREHAND
ace. ofperson and gen. of thing;forscamian
ashes, aescan, axan, ascan (pi.)
ask, axian, acsian, ascian ; biddan,w. ace. ofpers. andgen. of thing;fricgan, frignan
asking, axung, acsungaspen (tree), aesp, aeps
ass, assa
assaz't, on sittan
assemble, gegadrian, gesamnianassembly, gesamnung, gemotassistance, fultum
associate, s., gegada, eaxlgesteallaassociate with, to ge}>e6dan
association, gej>e6dnis
astrologer, tungolwitegaat, aet, t6 ;
at all, wiht, wuht,wihte ;
and see all
atonefor, ongildanattempt, onginnanattendant, foregenga, geongraaught, awiht, aht
aunt, modrigeauthority, onweald
autumn, haerfest
avail, duganavarice, gitsungavaricious, feohgifre
avenge, awrecan, wrecan
avenger, wrecend
avoid, forbugan, forcirran, forfleon
await, bidan, w. gen., abfdan, on-bidan
awake (arouse), weccan, aweccan ;
(to be awake}, wacian ; (to become
awake), onwacan, onwacnanaway, onweg, aweg, for??, fram,Sanon
awe, ege, egesaawl, awel
axe, eaxaxle; see shoulder
aye; see ever
B
back, baec, hrycgback again, eft
backwards, ofer baec, under baec
bad, yfel, eargiic, fracod
bad, to become, yfelian
badly, yfele, yfle
bag, faetels
bailiff, gereTa, tunger^fa ; wicgeffrabake, bacan
bale, bealu
baleful, bealufull, bealubalk (ridge of land], balcaban (proclamation], gebannband, bendbane, bana
banish, aflfmanbank (of river}, ed-staeS
banner, cumbol, )>uf
banquet, symbelbaptism, fulluht
baptize, fullian
bar, grindelbare, baer
bark, v., beorcan
barley, berebarm (yeast), beormabarn, bern
barrenness, unwaestmbarrow (hill), beorh
bast, baest
bath, baeS
bathe, baSian ; trans. gebeSianbathing, beSungbattle, gefeoht, hild, orett, here,
gewinn, getoht, tohte ; beadu,beadulac ; sescplega, ecgplega,
guSplega, wfgplegabattle-field, wael, waelstow, maeSel-
stede
be, wesan, weorSan, bedn
beacon, beacen
beam, beambean, bean
bear, s., bera
bear, v., beran ; (a child}, geberanbeard, beardbearer of a corpse, licmann
beast, deor, neat, niten ; (wildbeast), wildde6r
beat, beatan, cnyssan, }>erscan
beautiful, faeger, hiwbeorht, freolic,
seme, torht, wlitig
beauty, faegernis, wlite, beorhtnis
because, for Sdm Se, for 8y Se, Saes
Se, 8^beckon, be"cnan, beScnian
become, weortJan
bed, bedd, rest
beer, beorbeetle (insecf), b^tel, bftel
beetle (rammer), bytel
befit, gerisan
before, adv., fore, foran, beforan, asr
before, prep., for w. dat., beforan;
(of time), aetforan, w. dat., t6for-
an, w. dat., onforan, w. ace.
beforehand, aetforan
BEG BOLDNESS
&eg,bedecian(Greg. Pastoral,]). 285)
beget, strfnan
begin, onginnan, beginnanbeginning, fruma, frymft, onginn,
ord
behave, gebaeran, feVan
behest, haes
behind, adv., behindan, aet hindan,on swatte ;from behind, aeftan
behind, prep., beaeftan
behold, behealdan, sceawianbehold.' efne ! la! hwast !
behove, gebyrian, behofian
being (creature), wuht, wiht
belch, bealcettan
belief, geleafabelieve, gel(fan
believing, geleaffull, gelifed
bell, bella (or belle)
bellow, bellan
belly, wamb, belg
belong, gebyrian, belimpanbeloved, leof
belt, belt
bench, benc
bend, bendan ; (bow down}, lutan
beneath, adv., neoSan ;/r<?/.beneoS-
an, w. dat.
benefit, v., fremian, w. dat.
benefit, s., fremsurrinis, fremu, fearf
benevolent, welwillende
bequeath, becweSan
bereave, bereafian
berry, berigebeset, bestandan
besides, adv., git, toedcan ; prep.(w. dat.), eac, toeacan
besiege, ymbsittan, besittan
besom, besmabest, betst, sdlest
betray, forraedan, beswfcan ; (a city),becirran
betrayal, swicddmbetter, adj., betera, sdlra
; adv., bet
between, betweonum, betwux, be-
twix
betwixt, betwux, betwix
bewail, cwiSan
beyond, begeondanbid, bebeodan, beodan
bide, bidan
bier, bger
bill (weapon), bill
bin, binn
bind, bindan, cnyttart, sselan ; (as
prisoner), we"lan
birch, beorc
bird, fugol
birth, acennednis, gebyrd ; (time
of), gebyrdtid ; of noble birth,aeSelboren
birthplace, cennungstowbishop, biscopbishopric, biscopstolbit, v., (to furnish a horse with a
bit), baetan
bitch, bicce
bite, bitan
bitter, biter
black, blase, sweart
bladder, blaedr
blade (ofgrass), blaed
blain, blegenblame, v., taelan
blast, blaest
bleach, blacianbleak \pale), blsec, blac
bleat, blaetan
bleed, blddan;swaatan (poet.)
blend, blandan
bless, geble"tsian
blessed, gesselig, eddigblessing, bldtsungblind, blind
blind, v., ablendan
blindly, blindlice
bliss, bliss
blithe, blfSe
blood, blod ; also heolfor, swat (poet.)
bloodshed, blodgytebloody, blodig ; also drecSrig, heol-
frig, swatig (poet.)
bloom, v., geblowanbloom, s., blomablossom, blostma
blow, v., blawan;
blow upon, be-wawan
blow (as aflower), blowan
blow, s. (stroke), drepe, swengboar, bar, swin
; (wild), eofor
board, bord
boar-spear, eoforspre6tboast, gebeotianboasting, be6t, gilp
boat, bat
bode, bodian
bodily, lichamlic
body, lie, lichama, flasschama, bodigboil, weallan
bold, beald, gebilde, cdne, dyrstig,
fram,hwaet, snell,strang; arod,cafboldly, bealdlice, cdnlice, framlice,
caflice
boldness, dyrstignis, hwaetscipe
BOLSTER CALUMNV
bolster, bolster
bolt, bolt (?)
bond, bend, clammbone, bdn
book, boc
boon, be*n \boon \c&. bon]&;0/ (remedy), bot
booty, Me, huS
0AV, borian
borough, burh
borrow, borgianbosom, bosm, bearm&7//6, begen ; both. ..and, aegfter...
ge, ge...ge
bottom, botm; (<?/" a lake, &>c.),
grundbottomless, grundledsbough, telga, b6h
boundary, mearcbow, v., gebugan, biigan ;
bowdown, trans., onhildan
; intrans.,
hnfgan, onlutanbow (for shooting), boga, fldnbogabower, bur
bowl, bolla
boy, cnapa, cniht
braid, bregdanbrain, braegenbramble, bremel (or bre"mel)branch (of a tree], telgabrand, brandbrandish (a sword], bewindanbrass, aer, braes
brave, god, heard, hwaet, strang,
stiSmod, hror ; r6f (poet.} ; un-\
earg ; and see bold
bravehearted, heardmod, stiffmod
bravely, heardlice, ]>egenlice .
bravery, hwastscipe ;and see bold-
ness
breach, bryce ; (of agreement},weddbryce ; (of law}, lahbryce
bread, bread
breadth, braedu
break, brecan; (become broken),
sprengan ; break to pieces, to-
brecan, forbreotan;
break asun-
der, intrans., toberstan
breast, breost
breastplate, byrne, byrnhambreath, blaed, fnasst, brseO
breathe, orSian
breeches, bre"c (pi. o/broc)breed, bre"dan
brew, gebreowanbride
) brydbridegroom, brydguma
bridge, brycgbridle, bridels (or brfdels)
bright, beorht, scfr, torht, hddor,leoht, leohtlic
brightly, beorhte, hddre
brightness, beorhtnis
bring, bringan, aetberan, laedan ;
bring about, gewendan ; bringforth (child}, cennan, acennan,oncennan, timan, tydran ; bringup, fedan
broad, brad
brood, brod (unauthorized)brook, v.j see use
brook, s., brocbroom (plant}, brombroth, broS
brother, broSor
brow, brii
brown, bnin
buck, bucca
build, timbrian, timbran, dtimbran,
bytlan, arasran ; settan ; (firmly],
trymmanbuilding, getimbre, getimbrung, ge-
bytle
bullock, bulluca
bundle, byndelburden, byrften
burn, intr., beornan ; trans., baer-
nan, aelan, forswaslan ; burn tip,
forbaernan (trans.}, forbeornan
(intrans.}
burning, s, bryne
burst, berstan ;burst forth, bre-
can ; burst out, aberstan
bury, byrgan, bebyrgan, bedelfan
busy, bysigbut, ac
butter, butera (a borrowed wordfrom Latin}
buy, bycgan, gebycgan ; buy off,
forgildan
by, be, bi ; (by means of}, Jmrh ;
fram, w.pass. verb
cable, scipra'p
calamity, gelimpcalf, cealf
call, ceallian ; (to exclaim}, clipian,
cleopian ; (to name}, gecigan ;
(to call out}, hri'man
callow (bald), calu
calumny, hoi; (attack on character),
onscyte
CAMP
camp, wic, wicstow, firdwic
campaign, s., fird
campaign, v., firdian
can (/), cann
candle, candel (Latin)canon, canon (Lat. and Gk.)
capacity, maegencaptivity, haeftnid
capture, v., niman, fon
care, caru, cearu, heord
care, z>.,hogian; (to reck), meornan,rdcan ; (to care about), carian,onmunan
; (to take care of), gim-an, TV. gen.
careful, carfull, smealic
careless, re'celeas, gimeleds, orsorh,
wanhydigcarelessly, unwcerlice
carelessness, unwaerscipe, gimeledstcarnal, flaeslic
carrion, ses
carry, beran, ferian, laedan, wegan ;
carry off or away, alsedan, offe"r-
ian, awegancart, craet
carve, ceorfan
castle, castel (Latin)
cat, catt
catch, gelaecancathedral, mynstercattle, ceap, feoh, feo, neat, niten,
orf, hrySercattle-plague, orfcwealm
cause, don, w. infin.
cause, s., intingacauterize, fortendan
cave, scrasf
cease, ablinnan, gestillanceasefrom, geswfcan, w. gen.celebrate, msersian
celebrated, maerecertain one, an, sumcertain of, gewiss, w. gen.certainly, gewisslice, geornechafer (insect), ceafor
chaff, ceaf
chain, clamm, bend, racente
chain, v., gehasftanchalk, cealc
chamber, bur, c6fa, reced
chamberlain, bur]>egn
champion, cempachange, -v., aw.endan, behwirfan
;
(change to the worse], onwendan
change, s., edwenden ; (vicissitude),
gebregd ; (reverse), edhwirft
chapman, ceapmann
CLOTHES
character (nature), hidcharge, have in, bewitan
chariot, craet
charitable, cystig, aelmesgeorncharity, aelmesgifu
cheap; see purchase, sb.
cheek, cedce
cheer, frdfran, gefrdfrian, drdtan
cheese, csechew, ceowanchicken, cycenchide, cidan
chilblain; see blain
child, beam, cild, eafera
childhood, cildhad
chill, freorig
chill, s., ce"le
chin, cinn
choice, domchoice thing, cyst
choke, for>rysmianchoose, ceosan, geceosanchough, ceo
church, cirice,circe ; (congregation),gelaSung
cinder, sinder
circuit, ymbgang, ymbhwirft, be-
gangcircumference, ymbgangcitizens, burhleode, burhsittende,burhwaras
city, ceaster, burh
clamour, hream, gebaereclaw, clawu (or clawu)clay, claeg
clean, claene
clean, adv., claene
cleanness, clsennis
cleanse, claensian
clear (evident), sweotol, swutol;(used of the voice), beorht
clearly, sweotollice
cleave (adhere), clifian
cleave (sever), cleofancleave asunder, tocleofan
clerical, gehadodclew, cliwe
cliff, clif
climb, climban .
climb up, stigan
cling, clingan
clip (to embrace), clyppanclose, v., lucan, belucan ; (close up a
road), forwyrcancloth, claS
clothe, scrydanclothes, gewaede
CLOUD CRANE
cloud, woken. \The A. S. cliid =mass of rock\
clout, clut
clover, clcefre
cluster, clyster
coal, col
coat, tunece, cyrtel, pddcock, hana, coc
cockchafer; see chafercock-crow, hancre'd
cockle; see corn-cockle
cold, ceald
cold, s., cele
collect, gegadrian, gesamniancolour, hiw
coloured, fah, fdgcolt, colt
comb, cambcombat (single], anwfgcome, cuman, becuman; (to the
throne), fon to rice
comely, cymlic
comfort, frofor
comfort, v.; see cheer
coming, cyme, tocymecommand, v., beodan, hdtan, be-
beodan
command, gebod, bebod, diht, haes,
gewealdcommit, betaacan
common, gemaene ;in common,
gemaenelicecompanion, gesfe, gefe'ra, geneatcompany, geferscipe
compel, geneadian, genidan, forni-
dan
complain, msenan, besprecancomplete, v., fullfremman, fullvvyrc-
an, Vurhte6n
compose (write), gedihtancomrade, wilgehl^tJa
conceal, bedirnan, bediglian, mitJan
conceive (be pregnant], geeacnianconcerning, of
condemn, forde'mancondition (state}, had
conduct, faru, faer, drohtnungconfess, andettan
confine, beclysanconfirm, afaestnian, gefaestnian
congregation, lasting, gelaSungconquer, dlecgan, gehnaegan, ge-
wildan, ofweorpan; (land), ge-gdn
conscious, gecnaewe, w. gen.consecrate, gehdlgianconsent to, ge|>zifian
consenter (consenting person), ge-}>afa
consider, be>encan, }>encan, hog-ian, smeagan, smean, asmedgan,geondsceawian, geond)>encan
consolation, frofor
console, fr^fran, gefreYrian
constancy, anraednis
contain, befon
contemplation, smedgungcontempt, forsewennis, forhohnis,
oferhygdcontend, sacan
continual, singal
continually, singallice
continue, wunian, Jmrhwuniancontinuously, anstreces, on dncontrary to, ofer
contrive, d>encancontrol, wealdan
conversion, gecirrednis
convert, gehwirfan, behwirfan, ge-
bigancook, s., c6c (Latin)
cool, col
cool (grow cool), colian
corn, corn
corn-cockle, coccel
corner, hyrnecorporeal, Ifchamlic
corpse, hraew, hra, He
correct, gerihtancote (cot), c6te
could, ciiSe
council, raed, run
councillor, wita, runwita, raedbora
counsel, raed
count, riman
countenance, andwlita
country, land, card, molde
courage, mod, >rymm ; ellen (poet.)
course, rynecourt, hof ; (inclosure), edor
cover, belecgan, >eccan, be>eccan,helan, wrihan, bewrihan, bewyrc-an
; (cover over), oferhelman ;
(cover -with rime), behreosan
cow, cu
cowardice, irgSu
cowardly, earg, earglic
cowslip, cusloppecrab (Jish), crabbacrackle (asflames), brastlian
cradle, cradol, cildcradol
craft; see skill
cram (stuff), crammiancrane, cran
1 1
CRAVE
crave, crafian
create, gesettan, gescippan, onstell-
an, trymmancreation, gesceap, gesceaft, gescap-
ennis, frumsceaft
Creator, metod, meotod, scippendcreature, wiht, wuht, gesceaft
creep, creopan, snican
cress, cerse, ceerse
crib, cribb
crime, synn, undaed, morSor, gylt,
facen, firen, leahtor, man, man-daed
criminal, s., wearg, sceaSa
cringe (bow, fall}, cringan, gecring-an
cripple, cre"pel
crooked, wohcrop (of wheat), wyrtcrop (ofa bird), croppcross, rod, gealgacross, sign of the, rodetacncross oneself, se'nian
crow, crawan
crowd, gemang, hwearf
cruel, waslhreow, re"Se, gram, grimm,wraS, unswseslic
cmelly, Dearie
crumb, cruma
crush, tocwysancrutch, cricc
cry (clamour), cirm
cry aloud, hriman, cirman
cultivate, gebiian
cunningly, geaplice
cup, bune, cuppecurse, s., curs
cttrse, v., cursian
cursed, awirgedcurtain, fleohnett
custody, heord
custom, >eaw, sidu, gewuna ; (evil
custom), unsidu
cut, ceorfan, heawan, bitan, sniSan,sceran
cut away, dceorfan onwegcut off, beceorfan, w. ace. of pers.and instr, of thing
cut through, forceorfan
D
daily, daeghwcimlicedaisy, dasges dgedale, dael
dam up (a river), forwyrcan
DEN
danger,fre'cednis
; (sudden danger},fasr
dangerous, fre'cne
dare, durran, ndSan;/ dare, ic
dearr
dark, deorc, mirce, sweart, wann,heolstor, Jjeostre, >eosterfull
darkness, heolstor, J>eostru
darling, deorlingdart, daroS
daughter, dohtor
dawn, uhte, serdaeg, dasgr^ddawn, v., dagianday, daeg ; dogor (poet.)
day^s work, dasgweorcdead, dedd, forftgewiten, unlifigendedeadly, dedtJbsere, cwealmbaer
deaf, deaf
deal, dael
dear, deore, d^re, leof
death, deaS, gewitennis, forSfor,
forSsfS, hinsiS, swilt, hryre, fill,
cwealm, cwild
death, doomed to, f^ege
death-day, deaSdsegdecay, forrotian, fdlian, brosnian
decay, s., brosnungdeceit, swicdom
deceitful, swicol
deceive, beswfcan, bepaacandecide, gesc^dan, geceosan, rsedan,
gerasdandecline, oSfealla i, wanian
decree, geraedan, raedan, gescirian,d^man
decree offate, gesceaft
deed, dsed, >ingdeemj see doomdeep, deop, steipdeeply, deopedeer, deor
defeat, v., forslean
defeat, siege
defeated, sigeleas
defend, werian, bewerian, gebeorg-an, ealgian
defender, weriend
defile, besylian, besmitan,wemman ;
gefylan
defilement, wamm, gewemmednisdegenerate, dbroSen
delay, ildan, latian, uforian
delay, ildungdelve, delfan
demand, girnan, w. gen.demon, sceocca, scucca
den, denn
12
DENY DOCTRINE
deny, aleogan, w. dat. ofpers. andace. of thing ; forsacan
depart, gewitandeparting thence, ftanonweard
departure, utgangdepending on, gelang ast
deplore, bew^pandeprive of, beniman, benseman, iv.
gen. or instr.; bedaelan, beh'San,w. gen.; besnyftian, w. instr.;
afirran, iv. dat. of pers. and ace.
of thing; bescirian, w. gen. ofthing ; 6Swendan, w. dat. ofpers.and ace. of thing
depth, dipe, dy"pe
derision, hocor, hospderisive, h6corwyrdedescendant, magadesert (waste), wdsten
desert, adj., wildedesert (merit), gewyrhtdeserve, earnian
design, ge>eaht, ra=d
desire, girnan, iv. gen.; gitsian ;
willan; wilnian, w. gen. or ace.;
gelystan, impers. w. ace. of per-son andgen. of thing
desire, willa, lust, wilnungdesirous, georn, w. gen.despair, ormodnis
despairing, ormoddespairing of, orwdne, w. gen.despise, forhogian, forseon
despiser, oferhogadestroy, fordon, spillan, forspillan,
forwyrcan, forniman, forfaran,
dmirran, kbreotan, ddilgian, to-
weorpandestruction, forwyrd, cwild
determine, gemearciandetest, onscunian
detestable, onscunigendlicdevastate, hergiandevastation, hergaff, hergung, for-
hergungdevil, de6fol
devil, possessed by a, deofolseoc
devilish, deofolcund, deofollic
devise, dcraeftan
devour, forsvvelgan, fretan
dew, deawdie, steorfan, sweltan, cwelan, a-
cwelan, geendian, gefaran, gewit-an, forSfaran
difficult, earfoCe, earfoSlic
difficulty, with, uneaSe, unfttelice
diffidence, unbildo
dig, delfan
digging, gedelfdignity, gej>yngfto, ge^yncfJ, weorS-
fullnis
diligently, gecneordlicedill, dile
dim, dimmdiminish, trans, and intrans., ge-wanian
din, to make a, dyniandint (a blow), dyntdip, difan ; dyppandire, atol, sliSen
direct, gerihtlaecan, gewissian, wfs-
ian, taecan
direction, gewissungdisciple, leornere, leornungcniht,
geongradiscipline, >eodscipediscourse, cwide
discover, afindan, onfindan
discredit, unhlisa
disease, c65, ddl, uncoSu
diseased, adligdiseased, to be, ddlian
disengage oneselffrom, geaemtigian;
reflex, w. gen.disgrace, scamu, scand
disgraceful, scandlic
dish, disc
dishearten, geirgandislike, un>ancdisperse, intr., tofaran, tof^ran ;
trans., t6sendan
display, gesweotolian, geswutolian,eowan
display, s., waefersin
displease, mislfcian, w. dat.
dissimulate, lytigian, licettan
distant, firlen
distension, tobldwennis
distinct, sweotol, swutol
distinguished, gejnmgendistribute, da=lan
district, scedt, scir
district, governor of a, scirmann
disturbance, unstillnis
ditch, die
dive, diifan
divide, da^lan, toniman, t6dielan
divine, godcund, dryhtenlic
divinely, godcundlicedivinity, godcundnisdivision, dael
do, d6n, gedondock (plant), docce
doctrine, Mr
DOE ELF
doe, da
dog, hunddoing amiss, miswendedole, gedal, dael
dominion, onweald, rice
doom, domdoom, v., ddmandoor, duru
doubt, tweo, tweonungdoubt, -v., tweogan, tweon, iv. gen.;
tweonian, impers.doubt, without, untwilice, untwe6-
gendlice
doubtfully, tweolice
dough, dah (?)
doughty, dyhtigdove, culfra
; dufe (or dufa)down (hill), dundownwards, of dune, neoSan, nitter
drag, dragan, teon
dragon, draca, wyrmdraw, dragan, teondraw (sword), gebregdan, abreg-
dan, teondraw near, getengandread, v., on}>racian, ondraedan
dreadful, on>rsecedream, v., gemsetandream, swefn
dreary, dreorigdress, wsed, gewaede, waafels, hraegl,
reaf, scriid
drink, drincan, supan ; (drink up),
gedrincan ; (give to drink), drenc-an
drink, s., drenc
drinking, gedrincdrive, drifan, draefan ; (away), afys-
an, fordrifan, adrffan
drop, dropadropsy, waeterseocnis
drove, draf
drown, trans., ddrencan
drunk, druncen
dry, drygedry up, adruwian
due, gerisendull, dol
dumb, dumbdun (brown), dunn
during, under, w. dat,
durst (I), dorste
dust, dust
dztty, riht
dwarf, dweorgdwell, wunian, wician, eardian, ge-
buan, bugian
dwell in, trans., healdan
dwelling, ham, wi'c; inn, geard,
hof, card, geset, gesteald, wunungdwelling-place, eardgearddyke, die
each, seghwilc, w. gen.; aelc, ge-hwilc, aeghwaeSer, aegSer, gehwaeO-er
each one, gehwaeager, georn, geornfull, geornfullic,
fiis
eagerly, geornfullice, geornlice,georne
eagle, earn
ear, eare
earl, eorl
early morning, aernemergenearn, geearnianearnest, eornest; in earnest, on
eornest, eornestlice
earnestly, eorneste
earth, eorSe, grund, folde, molde,hruse, middangeard
earthdweller, foldagend, foldbuend,eorSbuend
earthly, eorSlic
easily, eaSe, softe
east, east
east,from the, eastan
east, to the, wiS eastan
Easter, Eastron (pi.)
Easter-day, Easterdaegeastward, easteweard
easy, eafte, dSe
eat, etan
eaves, efes
ebb, s., ebbaebb away, aebbian
ecclesiastical, circlic
eel, ael
egg, aeg
eight, eahta
eighty, hundeahtatigeither (oftwo}, ahwaeSer, awfter
either.. .or, oS0e...oSSe, dSer...6'Ser
eke, v., dean
elder, ildra
elders, ildran
elder-tree, ellen
eldest, ildesta
eleven, endlufon
eleventh, endlyfta
elf, aelf
ELI. FADE AWAY
ell, eln
elm, elm
eloquence, getyngniselse, elles
elsewhere, ellor
embrace, clippan, ymbclippanembrace, s., faeSm
emmet, aemette
emperor, cdsere
employment, notu
empty, aemtig, (del
encamp, gewician, sittan
enclosure, hagaencourage, trymian, trymman, ge-
bildan
end, ende, geendungend, v., endian
end, bring to an, onwendanendless, ungeendodendure, bidan, w. ace.; >olian
enemy, feond, feondsceaSa, sceaSa,mdnscaSa
English, Englisc
English, the, Engle, AngleEnglish language, Engliscgereordenjoy, brucan, w. gen.; neotan,
w. gen.enjoyment, notu
enlighten, onlfhtan
enmity, fe6ung, of))anca
ennoble, gedirsian, gedyrsianenough, genogenrage, gremianenslave, gefeowianensnare, besinvan
enterprise, onginnentice, spanan, gewdmanentirely, mid ealle, ealles, eallunga,
aeghwaesentrails, innoS
entrance, inngang, instaepeentrust, befaestan, w.dat.; bebeddanequinox; emnihtere, aer
erect, araeran
err, misf^ran
err, to cause to, dwelian
errand, aerende
error, gedwilderst, aerest
escape, aetberstan, oSwindan, losian,berstan
; escapefrom, aetwindan,w. gen.
establish, settan
eternal, dee
eternally, dcelice
eternity, cnis
eucharist, hiisl
evangelical, godspellic
evangelist, godspellereeven, efen, emnevening, sefen
eventide, sefentid
ever, aefre, d, dwa ;for ever, to
ealdre
every one, aeghwdeverywhere, aeghwaer, gehwser, ofer
call
evident, sweotol, swutol, openevident, to make, geswutolianevil, yfel
evil, s., yfel, bealu
evil-doer, mdnfremmendeewe, eoweexamine, dsmedganexample, bigspell, bysen, bysnungexample, to give an, bysnianexcel, oferstigan
excellence, duguSexcellent, aettele, aenlic, unforcuO, in
dryhten, gejnmgenexcept, biiton
excessive, ungemetgod, swMicexcessively, ungemet, ungemetlice,swMice, oferlice, ungefoge
exchange (barter), s., gewrixleexcite, onstyrian
exculpate oneself, betellan, reflex,
excuse, gelddian, forlaetan
exhalation, stedm
exhausted, goten, w. gen.exhausted, to become, dteorian
exhort, gemanianexile, wraecsi'8
expedition, siS, rdd ; (military],fird
expel, ddraefan
expend, dspendanexplain, gereccanexploration, scedwungexplore, cunnian
expound, alreccan
extend, braedan, ger^man, dstreccan
extensive, widgille
external, uteweard, utanweard
externally, utane
extinguish, dcwencan, ddwasscan
extreme, ytemesteye, edge
face, andwlita
fade away, wanian
FAIL
fail, swican, geswican, w. dat. ofperson; alicgan
fain, fasgen
fair, faeger, semefairness, faegernis
faith, treow, treowS, getreowS, ge-trywS, geleafa
faith, want of, geleafledst
faithful, getreowe, hold
faithfully, getreowlicefall, feallan, dreosan, gedreosan,
hreosan, ahreosan ; (bow down],cringan ; (fall away], afeallan
fall, s., dryre, hryre, fill
fallow, fealu
false, leas
falsehood, leasungfame, hlfsa
familiar, cuS
family, maegS, cynn, hired
family, member of a, hiwa
famine, hungerfamous, namcuS, msere, mserlic,
bre"me, gefrsege
famous, to make, mseran, gefrsegn-ian
far, feorr ;from afar, feorran
fare, v., weorSan, impers. with ace.;
(to go), faran
farthing, feorSling
fast (fasting}, faesten
fast, adj., faast
fasten, fasstnian
fastness, fassten
fat, faet
fate, wyrd, siS; (decree of fate], ge-sceaft
father, faeder
fathom, faaSm, fseSmrim
fault, gylt
favour, e"st, liss, hyldofawn (as a dog), onfaegnian
fear (be afraid}, onscunian, reflex.;
ofdraadan, ondrsedan
fear, oga, ege, egesa; (frighf),
fyrhto, forhtung; (sudden dan-
ger}, fa=r
fearful, egesfull, egeslic
fearfully, egeslice
fearless, unforht, unforhtmod
feast, gebeorscipe, wist
feast, v., wistfullian
feather, feSer
fee (property), feoh
feed, fe"dan, af^dan
feel, f^lan
fell, afillan
FLAT
fell (skin), fell
fen, fenn
fern, fearn
fervour, wilm
festival, freolstfd
festivity, plegafetch, feccan, fetian
fetter, fetor, racente
feud, faehS
fever, fefor, fefor-ddl
fever, to have a, hriSian
few, fed
fickle, ficol
fiddler, fiSelere
fidelity, treowS, trywft, getreowS,getrywS
field, feld, ascer, wang ;
'
(field ofbattle], wasl
fiend, feond
fierce, gram, grimm, irre,r^Se,hreoh,
hreo, sti'3, stfSm6d
fiercely, wraSum, irringa, sti'Slice
fierceness, r^Snis
fifteen, fiftine
fifth, fifta
fifty, flftig
fight, feohtan, winnan, sacan
fight, s., gefeoht, feohte, camp,campwig, tohte
fighter, cempafile (rasp), feol
fill, fyllan, dfyllan
fill, s., fyllo
film, filmen
fin, finn
find, findan, mdtan, begitan; (findout), onfindan, afindan
finger, finger
finish, v., geendian, betynan, Jjurh-
te6n
fir, furh
fire, fyr
fire-gleam, ijrleoht
firm, faest, trum
firmly, faestlice, faeste
firmness, faestnis
first, forma, fyrmest, fyrst
first, adv., serest
fish, fisc
fisher, fiscere
fishing, fiscoS
fist, fyst
fitly, sidelice
fitting, gelimplic
five, fff
flame, blaest, h'g
fiat (applied to land), filde
16
FLATTER
flatter, oleccan
flattery, 61eccungflax, fleax
flea, flea
flee, fleogan, gefle6han
fleece, flys
fleet, adj., fleotig
flesh, flyesc
fleshly, flaesclic
flight, flyht, fleam
flight, to put to, aflfgan, aflfman,
gefliman, fysanflint, flint
flitch, flicce
float, fleotan
flock, flocc
flood, flod
flooded, fle"de
floor, flor, flett, heallwudu
flourish, )>e6n, gejedn, wridian, ge-blowan
flourishing, geblowenflow, flowan ; (as a river), feallan,
irnan
flow of the tide, flod; (stream),
gangfluctuate, wealcan
fly, s., fleoge
fly, v., fleogan
foal, fola
foam, fam
fodder, fodor
foe, feond
fold, fealdan
folk, folc
follow, folgian, fyligan
following, asftera
folly, unsnotornis, unwisdom, un-
raed, hygeleast, dysig
food, foda, mete, metsung, det, nest,
feorm, bigleofa
food, want of, metele"st
foolish, dysig, dysiglic, dwaes, dol
foolishly, dollice
foot, fot
foot-measure, fotmsel
footprint, sporfor, for, to
forbid, forbeodan
force, nfd
force, by, nide
ford, ford
forefather, fortSfceder
foreign, fremde, welisc, el>eodig
foreigner, wealh
forest, wudu, holt, weald, wuduholt
forge, asmiian
FUNERAL
forged, gejairen
forget, forgitan
forgive, forgifan
forgiveness (of sins], forgifennis
former, serra
formerly, geara, ge6, giu, iu, gefyrn,aer Sissum
forth; seeforwardsforthwith, sona, aadre, Saerrihte
anunga, semningafortification, geweorcforty, feowertig
forwards, forS
foster-father, fostorfaeder
foul, ful
found (a town\ asettan, settan; (a
building), trymmanfoundation, gesetnis, staSol, weall-
steall
fountain, willa
four, feower
fourfooted, fi^erfifte
fourteen, feowertine
fourth, feorfta
fowl; see bird
fowler, fuglere
fox, fox
foxglove, foxes glofa
fragment, bryce
fragrance, stenc
frailty, tydernis, hnescnis
frankincense, re"cels
free, freo
freefrom, leds
freeze, freosan
fresh, fersc
Friday, frigedasg
friend, freond, wine
friendless, freondleas
friendly, freondlic, hold
friendship, freondscipe
fright, fyrhto, forhtung
frightened, afirht
frivolity, idelnis
frog, frocga
from, fram, of, aet ; (to learnfrom =
geliornan aet)
frost, forst
frosty, hrimigfrozen, froren
fruit, waestm, ofet, bled, b!6stma
fry, gehirstan
frying, hirstung
fryingpan, hearstepannefull, full
fully, fullice
funeral, If
'7
FUNERAL PILE GRANTED
funeralpile, ad, bsel
furlong, furhlangfurnace, ofen
furrow, furh
further, furSor
further away, ufor
furze, fyrs
future, toweard
future, s., forSgesceaft
gain, gewinnan, strinan
gall, gealla
gallows, gealga, galgagame, gamengang, gangangannet, ganet, ganotgape, geapiangarment, scrud
gate, geat
gatekeeper, geatweardgather (flowers), gadrian ; (collect),
gegadriangaze, starian
gear, gearwegem, gimm, gimmsta'ngeneral, s., folctoga
general (common), gemaenegenerally, gemsenelicegentle, row, HSe, geswses, smyltegently, li'Selice
gesture, gebaere
get, gitan
get at (reach), gersecanghost, gast
giant, eoten, ent, >yrs, gigantgift, gifu, Idc, lean
gigantic, eotenisc
gild, gyldangirdle, gyrdelgirl, maegden, meeden, masgSgive, gifan, sellan
; (permit to have],
onlihan, w, dat. ofpers. and gen.of thingj (grant), unnan, w. dat.
ofperson and gen. of thinggive away, forgifan, forgildan
give up, ofgifan, oflsetan
giver, brytta (poet.)
glad, glaed, glaedmod, faegen,rot
gladden, gegladian,gladly, glsedlice, rotlice
glass, glaes
gleam, scima, glaemglede (hot coal), glddglee, gliw
glide, glidan
glitter, lixan
gloaming, glomunggloom, glomgloomy, to become, gesweorcanglorify, maeran, maarsian
glorious, frymmfaest, >rymmfull,>rymmlic, >rySlic, maere, maerlic,
blaedfaest, tirfasst, torhtlic
gloriously, hlisfullice, domlice
glory, wuldor, tir, hrdS, dom, lof,
maerSu, blaed, >rySu, >rymm,weorSmynt, wurSmynt
glory, eagerfor, domgeornglove, glof
gluttony, oferfyll
gnash the teeth, gristbitian
gnashing ofteeth, gristbitunggnat, gnaet
gnaw, gnagango, gan, gengan, cuman, faran, f^ran,
ferian, steppan, wadan, scriSan,
teon, wendan (reflex, or intrans.)
go in a track, spyriango without, for>olian, w. instrum.
go wrong with, mislimpan, impers.w. dat.
goad, gadgoat, gatGod, godgod-child, godbearngoddess, gydengodfather, cumpaederGod-fearing, godfyrhtgodson, godsunugold, goldgolden, gyldengoldsmith, goldsmiSgood, god, godlic, til, serfaest
goodly, godlic
goodness, godnisgoods, godgoose, gosgore (blood}, heolfor
gorse, gorst
gory, heolfrig
gospel, godspellgout, gihSagovern, gewealdangovernment, steor
grace, 6st; (of God), gifu
gracious, hold
grandfather, eald faeder
grant, unnan, getfSian, both w. gen.ofthingand dat. ofperson; (grantas afavour), tftte fremian
granted, gifeSe
18
GRASP
grasp, gegripan, grdpian, fon, haf-
enian
grasp, faeSm, grdp, clammgrass, grass
grave, graef
gravel, sandceosel, gre6t
gray, graeg
gray (of hair), hdr
"gray-haired, blandenfeax
great, great, micel
greater, mdra
greatest, msest
greatly, miclum
greatness, micelnis
greedily, grsediglice
greediness, gifernis
greedy, graedig, gffre
green, gre"ne
greet, gre*tan
grief, wed, sar, hearm
grief, tidings of, weaspell
grieve, sarettan
grievous, swdr, sar, laS, wrdftlic
grievously, weorce
grim, grimm, grimmlicgrind, gegrindangrip, gripe, grdpgripe, gegripan, gn'pan
groan, graniangroaning, grdnunggroom, gumagrope, grdpianground, grund, flor, folde
groundsel, grundeswelgegrove, bearu
grow, weaxan, grovvan ; (grow up\dweaxan ; (grow over), beweaxan
growth, waestm
grudge, of|>anca, inca
guard, v., behealdan, healdan, war-
ian
guardian, weard
guardianship, weard
guest, gist, flettsittende
guidance, gewissungguide, gewissian, wisian
guild, gild
guilt, gylt, scyld
guilty, scyldig, forscyldigod
gut, gutt
Hhabit, gewuna, |>eaw
had, haefde
hail, hagolhailstorm, hagolfa.ru
HEAD
hair, haer ; head of, feax
half, healf
hall, heall, sele, sael, seld
hallow, gehdlgianhalt (lame), healt
hammer, riamor
hand, hand; folm (poet.}
hand over, to handa laetan, draecan
handgrasp, mundgripehandiwork, handgeweorchandle, helf
handy (near}, gehendehang, trans., dhon, geh6n ;
intrans.
hangianhappen, gelimpan, getimian, weorS-
an, wesan
happiness, sael, gesaclS
happy, gesaelig, eddigharbour, porthard, heard
harden, dhirdan
hardhearted, heardheort
hardheartedness, heardheortnis
hardly, unedSe
hardness, heardnis
hardship, earfoS, geswinchare, hara
harlot, miltestre
harm, hearm, bealu
harp, hearpeharp, v., hearpianharper, hearpereharping, hearpungharrow, s., herewe, herwe (?)
harrow, v., ettan
harry, hergianharrying, hergung, hergaShart, heorot
harvest, rip, riptima, haerfest
haste, ofost ;with haste, ofstlice
hasten, eTstan, onettan, fundian;
fysan (reflex.}
hastily, recene, ricene
hat, haet, haett
hate, hatung, hete
hate, v., hatian, IdSian, feon
hateful, IdS, IdSlic
hater, hata
hatred, anda, m'S
haughty, oferwlenced, ofermod
have, habbanhaven, haefen
hawk, hafoc
hay, hfg, hdghazel, h;esel
he, \\, se
head, hedfod, hafola
3 2 2
HEADLAND HOSTILE
headland, naess
headless, heaTodledshead-man (leader), hedfodmannheal, hselan
health, gesuridfullnis, haelo
healthy, hdl, onsund, gesund, ge-sundfull, hdlwende
heap, hea"p
hearing, gehfrnishearken, he"rcnian, hyrcnianheart, heorte, mod, hyge ; sefa,
ferhS (poet.)
hearth, heorS
heat, haete, haetu
heat, v., onhsetan
heath, hseS
heathen, hseSen
heathendom, hseSenscipeheave, hebban
heaven, heofon, heofone
heaven, kingdom of, heofonnce
heavenly, heofonlic
heavy, hefig, swdr
hedge, hagaheed, giman, w.gen.; he'dan, w.gen.heel, hoh, hela
height, he"hSu, hedhnis, hednnis
^^//, hell, hellewite
hell-fire, hellbryne
hell-gate, helldor
helmet, helm
help, help, fultum, frofor, dr, dugu?J,rsed
, v., helpan, w. dat. or gen.;fylstan, w. dat.; gelsestan, iv.dat.;
forstandan, w. dat.; gefultumianhelve, helf
hemp, hanep, haenephen, hennehence, heonan
henceforth, heonan for5
her, ace. case, hi; dat., hire
herdsman, swdn, hirde
here, hdr
heretic, gedwolmannheritage, laT, irfe, irfeweardnis
hesitate, wandian, ildan
hew, hedwan ; {hew down), dhedw-an
hidden, dime, digol
hide, v., gehydan, beh^dan, helanhide (skin), hyd, fell
hie, higianhigh, heah, hedlic
hill, beorg, dun, hlsew, hlinc, munt,hyll
hill-side, hliS
hilt, hilt (often in pi.)
him, dat., him ; ace., hine
hinder, gelettan, w. ace. ofpers. andgen. of thing; hremman ; (hin-derfrom or in), dmirran, w. gen.of thing
hip (dog-rose), heope, hiopehip (thigh), hypehire, hyrian, dhyrianhis (own), sfn
historian, J>eodwita, wyrdwriterehistorical, gewyrdelichistory, stser
hither, hider
hoard, hord
hoard, v. hordian
hoarfrost, hrim
hoarse, hds
hoary, hdr
hold, healdanhold out (endure), J^olian
hole, hoi
hollow, hwealf
holly, holegnholy, hdlighome, hdm, card, cy"8, cySSu ; at
home, aet himhome-coming, hdmcymehomewards, hdmweard, hdm-weardes
honest, getreowehonestly, getre6wlice
honey, hunighonour, dr, drweor?!nis, maeS, weorS-
mynt, wurSmynt, weorSscipe,wurSscipe
honour, v., a>ian, weorSian, wurS-
ian, drweorSian, maeSigianhonour, worthy of, drweorS
honourable, drweorSfull, weorSfull,wurSfull
honourably, weortJlice, wurSlice, dr-
weorSlice
hood, hod
hoof, h6f
hook, hochook (fish-hook), angelhop, hoppianhope, hopa, hyhthope, v., hopian, gehyhtanhopeless of, orw^ne, w. gen.horn, horn
horse, hors, mearg, mearh; eoh
(poet.), wicg (poet.)host (vast number), unrim, ungerimhostage, gisel
hostile, 1,-lS, ftg, hetol, wrdS, unhold
20
HOSTILITY INTERCEDE FOR
hostility, faehS, wiSersac, unfriO
hot, hit
hotly, hdte
hound, hundhour, tid
house, bus, inn, botl
household, hired
householder, bonda, husbondahow, huhowever, hvvasSre, SedhhwaeSere,
swdSeah
hue, hiw, bleoh
^#*?, bright of, hiwbeorht
human, mennisc
humble, edftm6d
hitmble, v., geedSme'danhumbly, edSmodlice
humiliate, gehinan, forbiganhundred, hund, hundteontighunger, hungor/*#/, huntian
hunter, hunta
hunting, huntaS
husband, ceorl, wer
husbandry, tilung, teolunghustings, hastinghymn, lofsang
7,icice, is
icicle, celegicel, fsgicel
idle, fdel
idleness, idelnis
idol, de6folgild, heargidolater, deofolgilda, haetfengilda
idolatry, haetfengild
if,&fignominious, hednlic, huxlic
ignominiously, bismerlice
ignorance, nytennisignorant, nyten/// (sick), mettrum, untrum, seoc
///, to make, geuntrumian/'//, adv., yfele, yfle
illness, untrumnis, mettrumnisilluminate, onlfhtan
ill-use, gehinan, misbeodan, tucian
image, onlfcnis
immediately, recene, ricene
immense, ormaete
impel, fysan
impending, onsaegeimproper, ungerisenlicimprove (become better], godian ;
(make better), bdtan
imprudence, unwisdomimpure, unsifre, wammfullin, in, prep.; on, prep.; inn, adv.in exchangefor, wiS, w. dat.
infront of, togednes, w. dat.
in order that, to Saem Saet
in, to get, feolganincense, re*cels
inch, ynceincite, dweccan, stihtan, onbryrdan,
onbaernan
incline, biigan, gebugan ; (intrans.),onliitan
incline oneself (bow down], hildan,
reflex.
incomparably, unwitSmetenlice
increase, weaxan ; (trans.), geicanincrease, s., edca
incredible, ungelffedlic, ungelffend-lic
incredibly, ungefnegliceindeed, witodlice, eornestlice, huru
indescribable, undsecgendlicindignation, niS
infirm, untrum
infirmity, untrumnis, untrymnisinflame, onselan, onbaernan, onhaet-
an
inhabit, warian
injure, wirdan, wyrdan, sceSSan,derian
injurious, deriendlic
injury, hearm, dam, IdC, tedna,
byrst
injustice, unriht
inn, inn
inner, innera
innermost, innemest
innocence, bilewitnis
innocent, bilewit, unscaeSSig, un-
scyldig, unforworht
innocently, bilewitlice
insignificance, wdcnis
inside, innan
inspect, gehdwianinspiration, onbryrdnisinstitute, gestaslan, staalan, settan
instruct, tascan
instruction, Idreowddminsult, v., bismerian, bismrian,scendan
insult, s., hosp, hocor, bismer, teona
intelligence, andgit, gewitt
intelligent, andgitfull
intend, gemyntan, }>encan, hogianintense, ormaeteintercedefor, )>ingian, '. dat.
INTERCEPT LEAD
intercept, offaran
internal, inweard
interpret, gereccaninterpreter, wealhstdd
into, int6, in, on, inn on
intolerable, unaberendlic
invite, gelaSian
involuntarily, ungewealdesinward, inweard
inwardly, inweardlice
iron, iren
iron, adj., fren, fsern
is, is
island, (gland, icgaft, igeoS/'/, hit
ivy, ifig
J
jaw, ceafl
jeweller, gimmwyrhtajoin, gefdganjourney, sift, siSfast, faer, faru
journey, v., siftian
joy, bliss, bliSnis, wynn, hyht, mirgft,
dredm, gliw, willa
joyfully, wynnum, hyhtlice
joyless, wynnledsjudge, de"ma, de"mend
judge, v., gede"manjudgment, domjust, riht
justice, gerihte
Kkeel; see shipkeen (bold), ce'ne
keep, healdan, behealdan; cdpan
kernel, cyrnelkettle, cetel, cytel
key, csegkill, cwellan, dcwellan, dcwilman,
ddidan, afillan, bewegan, forweg-an, forspillan, hedwan, geheaw-an
kin, cynnkind, holdkind (nature), gecyndkindly, cirlice
kindness, mannjwa^rniskindred, cynrenking, cyning, drihten,dryhten,weald-
end; frea (poet.}
kingdom, cynedom, cynerice, rice
kinsman, mgegkinswoman, magekiss, cyssan
kiss, s., coss
kitchen, cycenekith, cySknave ; see boyknead, cnedan
knee, cneow
knife, seax
knightj see boyknit, cnyttanknock, cnucianknock against, hnftan
knoll, cnoll
knot, cnotta
know, cnawan, gecnaVan, cunnan,gecunnan, witan
;/ know, ic
wdt ; / know not, ic ndt
know, not to, nytanknow assuredly, tocndwan
knowledge, craeft
known, cut?, gecndwenknown, to make, cySan
labour, geswinclack, onsin
ladder, hlaeder
lade, hladan
lady, hla^fdige
lair, leger
lake, lagu, merelamb, lamblame, lama
lament, heofian, gnornian, rdrian
lamentation, heofung, gnornunglamp, leohtfast
land, land; (native), e^el
language, sprsec, gereord, ge>e6delank, hlanc
lap, bearmlarboard, baacbord
lark, Idwerce
last, ytemest, latest
last (to endure}, laestan
late, adv., late, siS
Latin, Iseden
laugh, hlihhan
laughter, hleahtor
law, gerihte, gesetnis, lagu ; (ofGod), 3e
lawfully, lahlice
lay, lecganlay down, dlecganlay low (make to sink), gesa=ganlay waste, dwdstan,
layman, lay, Icewed
lead, Isedan
LEAD
lead (metal], ledd
leader, heretoga, folctoga, healdend,
hedfodmann, raeswa (poet.}
leaf, leaf
leaky, hlece
lean, adj., hlaene
lean, v., hlaenan
leap, hledpanleap up, dhledpanlearn, leornian
; learn by enquiry,gefrignan, gedxian
learned, gelsered, wis
learner, leornere
learning, leornung, Idr
least, laest
leather, leSer
leave, Isefan ; (behind), laetan
leave, s., ledf
lee (shelter), hleowleech (physician), laece
leek, ledc
legion, werodlend, Khan, laenan
Lent (spring), lencten
less, laessa, adj.; laes, adv.-less (suffix), -lea's
lessen, trans, and intrans., gelyt-lian
lest, Sy" laes Se
let, laetan, forlsetan; let us, uton,
iv. inf.
letter, aerendgewritletters (writings'), stafas, pi.lewd (ignorant], laewed
lick, liccian
lid, hlid
lie (tell lies], leoganlie (lie down], licgan, gelicgan ; (lie
in waitfor], saetan
lief, Ie6f
life, Iff, gdst, blsed, feorh, ealdor,sdwul
life-days, lifdagas (pi.}
lifeless, ealdorleds, sdwulleas, or-
siwle
lift, hebban, dhebbanlight, s., Ie6ht
light (of weight], leoht
light (of brightness], leoht
lighten (make lighter], gelihtanlike, gelic, w. dat. ; onlfc
likeness, onlicnis, gelicnislikewise, swd samelimb, lim, liS, gesceaplime (for mortar], lim
litne-tree, lind
linden-tree or wood, lind
LYING
lineage, strengelinen, s., 1m ; ^'., linen
// (ring), hlence
lion, leo
/z/>, lippalist (edge of cloth}, list
listen, gehlystanlithe, Kfte
/////^, lytel
little, adv., lyt, lythwonlittle one, lytling
live, libban
livelihood, bigleofaliver, lifer
lo! Id!
load, v., hladan, gehlaestanloaf, hlaf
loam, Mm/^a, laen
loathe, IdSian, hatian
loathsome, Ids
lobster, lopystre/<?^, v., liican
lock of hair, locc
lodge, innian
lofty, stedp, uplic
long, langlong, adv., langlice
long ago, gefirn
long-lasting, langsumlook, locian, wlitan
loose (loosen], forlaetan, dli'san, on-
windan, onlatan
loquacity, oferspraeclord, hldford, helm, onwealda ;
hearra, fred (poet}', (the Lord],dryhten
lordly, dryhtlic
lore, Idr
lose, ledsan, forleosan, beleosan,w. instr.
loss, lyre
lost, to be, losian
lot, hlot
loud, hlud
loudly, hlude
louse, lus
lout (to bow down), lutan
love, lufe, lufu, myne, liss
love, v., lufian
lover, freondlow (as a cow}, hlowan
lukewarm, wlaec
lurk, liitian
lust, lust
-ly, -lie, -lice (for -lie, -lice)
lying (act nf}, leger
MAD
Mmad, w6dmadness, wodnis
magistrate, ealdormann
maiden, masgden, maeden
mail, coat of, herebyrne, herenett,
heresirce, liSusirce
main (strength), maegenmajority, heafodgerimmake, macian, scippan, wyrcanmaker, wyrhtamale, wsepnedmannmale-child, hysecild
malefactor, weargmallow, mealwemalt, mealt
man, mann, manna, ceorl, guma,wer, secg, scealc, magu, esne ;
also, eorl, rinc, aefteling (poet.)manhood (state of being a man),
menniscnis
manifold, manigfealdmankind, manncynmanner, wise
manners (morality), J>edwas, pi.
many, manig ; fela, w. gen.mar (to spoil), merran
march, steppanmare, meremark, mircels ; (ornament), rnsel
mark out, gemearcianmarriage, gifta (pi.) ; ae
marrow, mearhmarry, wifian
; geaewnian, w. dat.
marsh, mersc
marten, mearft
martyr, martyrmartyr, v., gemartyrianmartyrdom, martyrdommarvel, wundormarvellous, wundorlicmass (Lat. missd), ma^sse
;mass-
priest, maessepreostmassive, gretmast (of ship), masst, segelgirdmate (companion), gemacamaternal, modorlic
matins, uhtsangmature, to become, gen'pianmaw, magamay (to be able), mugan ; pres. ic
masg; pret. ic mihte; (may be
allowed), motan; pres. ic mot,
pret. ic mosteme, me", mecmead 'drink), medn, meodu
MIRACLE
meal (repast), gereordung, maelmeal (flour), melu
meal, to take a, sneedanmean (insignificant), wdc, w^clic
;
(disgraceful), heanmean (to intend), msenan
meanwhile, betwux Sisum
measure, gemetmeasure, v., metanmeat, mete
mediation, Jingungmediator, foresprecamedicine, lijecedom
meditate, )>encanmeed (reward), mddmeet, gemdtanmeeting, gemotmelody, swdg, swinsung, hleoSor
melt, meltan
member, lim
memorable, pancwirSe
memory, myne, gemyndmen, men ; also firas, niSas, ilde
(all poet.) ; see manmend, gebe"tan
merciful, milde, mildheort
mercy, mildheortnis, milts, milts-
ung, dr
mere (lake), mere, lagomerit, earnung, gewyrhtmermaid, merewif
merry, merg, blfSe
message, gebodscipe, aerende
messenger,boda, aarendraca, dr,byd-el
methinks, md >yncSmid, adj., midde
middle, middel
midge, mycgmidnight, middeniht
might, miht, meaht
mighty, mihtig, Jearlmodmild, milde, smyltemile, mil, milgemearcmilk, meolc
mill, mylenmind, mod, ge>anc, sefa, modsefa,
gewittloca, gehyge, hyge, hreSer;ferhS (poet.)
mindful, gemyndig, gemunmine, mmmingle, menganministration, >egnung, >enungminster, mynstermint (plant), mintemint (for money), mynetmiracle, tacen
MIRKY NEITHER
mirky, myrce, ]>e6stre
mirth, mirgfl
mischief, anda, yfel, unraed
misdeed, misdaed
miser, gitsere
misery, wracu, wrasc, irmftu
misfortune, ungelimp, ungesaelS, laS
mishap, ungelimpmist, mist, genipmistletoe, mistelta'n
misty, grow, genipanmixed, geblandenmoderate (small), msete, medmicelmoderate, v., gemetgianmoderation, gemetgungmoisture, waeta, stedmmole (a spot], malmoment, in a, bearhtme
monastery, mynstermonastic, mynsterlic, munuclicmonastic orders, munuchadMonday, monan-dsegmoney, feoh, feo, sceatt
money-changer, myneteremoneyless, feohleas
monger (chapman}, mangeremonk, munuc, mynstermannmonster, aglaaca, elwiht
month, monaCmood; see mindmoon, monamoor, mormorality, sidu
more, mdra ; adv., md;
muchmore, micle swiftor
morning, morgen, morgentfd ; (ear-
ly) uhte
morsel, snaed
mortal, deddlic
moss, meosmost, maest; most of all, eallra
swiSost
moth, moSSemother, modormotion, si'S
mould (earth), moldemound, hlaed, hlaew
mountain, beorg, muntmountain-stream, firgen-stre^m.
\Firgen only occurs in com-pounds.]
mourn, meornan, gnornanmourning, gnornungmouse, musmouth, mu$ ; (of a river], muSamove, styrian, dstyrian, hreran ;
(intrant.}, waeian
movement, power of, f^Se
mow, mdwanmuch, unlytel ; micle, TV. compara-
tives
multitude, menigu, heap, worn ;
(host) duguSmunificence, gumcystmurder, morS, morSor, mortJdaed,
cwalu, siege, mannsliht
murderer, bana, cwellere, morSor-
wyrhta, mannslagamurmur, murcnian ; (murmur at},
bemurcian
must, I, ic sceal; cf. ic m6ste
mutter, clumian
my, min
myrrh, myrremystery, run
Nnail, naegelnail, v., naeglian
naked, nacod
name, namaname, v., genamian, genemnan ;
(call by name), hdtan
nap (to slumber), hnaeppiannarrate, reccan, dwritan
narrative, racu, spell, gesetnisnarrow, nearu, enge, smael
narrowly, nearulice
nation, ]>eod, J>e6dscipe, leodscipe,maegS, dryht, dryhtfolc
native, landbuendenative land, cy$, cy^JSu, ^Sel
nature, gecyndnaught, ndwihtnave (ofa wheel), nafu
near, nedh, ne"h ; gehende, w. dat.
nearly, wel
nearly every, gewelhwilcneat (cattle}, nedt
necessary, nfdbe>earf
necessity, nfd, nfd]>earf
neck, heals, sweora; hnecca
need, nfd, nfd>earf, >earf
need, v., J>urfan, w. gen.need, I, ic )>earf, a/, gen.needle, na=dl
needy (in want), )>earfende
neglect, forlaetan, forgfmanneigh, hnaeganneighbourhood, neaVist, nedwest
neither, nlhwaeSer, n^hwaeSer, n w-Cer ; neither.,. nor, nd\vt5er ne...
ne
CAMPBELL
COLLECTION
NESS
ness (headland}, naess
nest, nest
net, nett
netherj see downwardsnettle, netele, netle
never, naefre
new, niwe
next, adv., set ne'hstan
nigh, nedh
night, niht
night, by, nihtes
nightingale, nihtegale
nightly, nihtlic
nine, nigonninety, hundnigontigninth, nigoSano, nd, nese; no one, ndn, nsenig
nobility, aeSelu
, s., asSeling
<?, aeftele, >ry$lic, torht, torhtmod,indryhten
nobly, weorSlice, wurSlice
noise, gebraec, breahtmnoise, to make a, hlydannone (no one], ndnnoon, non
north, norS, norSdsel
north,from the, norftan
north of, be norSan, w. dat.
northern, norSern
northward, norSeweard, norSweard,norSweardes
nose, nosu
not, nd, ne; neither...nor, ne...ne;~not at all, nawiht, nealles,
ndlaes, mid ndnum fingum ;
not only, nd Saet da
nothing, ndwiht
nourish, fe'dan
now, nu ; now that, nunowhere, ndhwaer
nun, nunne, mynecennut, hnutu
O
oak, dc
oats, dte
oar, dr
oath, dS
obedience, gehirsumnis0&y, gehirsumian, w. afe/.y folgian,
fyligan
obstinacy, fweorhnisobtain, begitan, geraecanoccasion, cirr, ssel, mael
occupied, pp., dbysgod
OVER
occupy (a country}, gesittan, geri'd-an
ocean, brim, holm, geofon, gdrsecgodour, stenc
of, of
off, of
offer, gebeddan; (offer sacrifice},offrian
offering, Idc
office, ambiht
officer, gereYa
offspring, ofspringoften, oft, gelome, gelomlice, ge-neahhe
oh! edld
oil, die
>/</, eald, unorne; gamol (poet.}
old age, ildu
on, on, uppon, ofer
once, dne siSe;
at once, recene,ricene
one, dn; (indef. pron.}, man
one of six, sixa sum<?/j/, dnga -not only, nd &et dn
onslaught, guSrses, beadurses
onwards, gegnum0/#, -z/., openian, ont^nan, onlucan
;
(forcibly], toslftan
open, openopenly, openliceopinion, domopportunity, rumopposite to, wiS, w. <//.
opposition, wiftersasc
oppress, gehefgian, ge>ryscanor, oSSe
orator, >yle
order, endebyrdnisornament, hyrst, gere"ne, wraett ;
(pi.}, fraetwa
ornamental, wraettlic
other, 6Ser
otherwise, elles
otter, otor
otter, belonging to an, yterenought, v., dhte
our, ure
out, ut, lite
<?/ <y, lit of
outer, litera, uttera
outlaw, utlah
outlawed, fdg
outside, ut, utan, utane, lite
outside, adj., uteweard, utanweardoutside of, witJutan, w. dat.; buton
oven, ofen
over, ofer
26
OVERCOME POETRY
overcome, ofercuman, oferwinnan,oferswfSan
overlaid (with gold], begotenoverrun (a country), gefaran, ofer-
ganoverthrow, ofweorpanoverturn, onwendanowl, ule
own, v., aganown, adj., agen, swses
ox, oxa
pain, weorc, sarnis, oncyS, angsum-nis
painful, angsumpaint (draw}, amsetan, atifran
pale, bide
pallor, blacungpalm-twig, palmtwigpan, panneparents, ildran
park, pearrucpart, dsel
partly, be sumum daele
partner, hlytta
pass (one's life), adreoganpassage, ofeffsereld
passion, hatheortnis
passionate, hdtheort
Path, pasS, stfg, geladpatience, gefyldpatient, ge>yldigpatriarch, heahfaeder
pavilion, geteld, traaf
pay, gildan
Payfor, gebdtanpayment, sceatt
peace, griS, freod, frift, sibb
peaceful, sibbsum, gesibbsumpeace-oath, friSaft
pebble, papolstanpeel, screadian
penetrate, ]>urh)>yrelian, J>urhwadanpenny, pening, penigPeople, >eod, cneoris, folc ; leoda,
PLpeople, belonging to the, folcisc
pepper, peporperceive, ongitan, gefre"dan
perfect, fullfremed
perfect, v., fullfremman
perform, fremian, w. ace., fremman,aefnan, raefnan, gelsestan, de6gan,begin
perhaps, huru
peril, >earf, fier
period, first, stund, ildu
perish, fonveorSan, forsi'Sian, losian
perjured, forsworen, forlogen
perjurer, manswaraperjury, aSbrycepermission, ledf, ge>afungpersecute, ehtan, oferfolgian
persecution, ehtnis, hete
persecutor, ehtere, hata, cirichata
person, mannpersuade, tyhtanperverse, wohlic, ]>weorh, wiSer-
weard
perversity, {>weorhnis
pestilence, steorfa
philosopher, liSwita
physician, laace
piece, stycce
pierce, >yrlian, stingan, >urhdrifan
pierced, >yrel
piercing, J>yrelung
piety, sefaestnis
pine, v., pinanpious, aefasst, godfyrhtpirate, wicing, saemann, seerinc,
brimmann, brimlfSend
pit, pytt, seaS
pitch, pic
pitcher, ore
pith, piSapity, v., ofhreowan, miltsian, arian
pity, milts, miltsung, ar
place, v., stellan, asettan, gelogianplace, steall, stede, stow
plain, wang, mearc
plant, s., plant, wyrtplant, v., plantianplay, plegaplay, v., plegian, lican
pleasant, wynnlic, wynnsum, he6re,
getaese
please, lician, gelfcian, w. dat.
pleased with, oflyst, w. gen.pledge, weddplight (danger), pliht
plot, v., sinvan
plough, v., erian
pluck, pluccianplunder, v., berfpan, w. gen.; rfpan,
reafian
plunder, hviS, reafungplunderer, reafere
poem, sangPoet, sc6ppoetry, leoSsang ; (art of), sang-
craeft
POINT
point, ord
poison, tor, dttor, unlybbapoisonous, atorbaere, setren, aettren
pomp, prasspoor, earm, unspe'dig, wanspe'dig,
hean
poor, to be, waedlian
poor man, waadla, Jearfa
pope, ppaPort, port
possess, agan, gedgan, healdan, ge-
wealdan, romigan (w. gen.)
possessions, sehta (pi), gestre6npossessor, weard
post, post
pound, pundpour out, geotan, dgeotanpoverty, waedl, irmSu
power, miht, meaht, geweald, on-
weald, crasft
powerful, rice, craeftig
praise, herung, lof
praise, v., herian, dfran, dyranpray, gebiddan, reflex,
pray for, biddan, w. ace. of pers.andgen. of thing
prayer, be"n, gebedpreach, bodian, TV. dat.
preaching, bodungprecious, deore, d^repredict, foresecgan
prepare, gearcian, gearwian, girwan,
ongirwanpresent, adj., andweard
preserve, nerian
press (throng), J>ringan
press hard, genearwianpretend, licettan
prevail, ricsian, rfxian
prevent, forwirnan
price, weortJ, wurS
prick, prician
pride, pry"te, mod, modignis, hyge,
gilp, basic, gal, gaelsa, galscipe,
oferhygd, oferm^de, ofermetto,ofermod
priest, preost, sacerd
prince, asSeling, ealdor, brego ;also
fengel, >engel, bealdor, leod, peod-en (poet.)
prison, cweartern, cluster
prisoner, rsepling
proceed, fdran
proclaim, acy"San
produce, forSbringan, tydran
progeny, tuddor, tudor, tedm
progress, forSgang
QUELL
promise, gehatpromise, v., behatan
proof (sign), b^hS
property, agen, seht, feoh, feo, ar
prophecy, witegungprophesy, wftegianprophet, witega, wftgaprophetess, witegestre
proportion, ondefn, andefn
prosper, spowan, impers. w. dat.
prosperity, edd, sasl
prosperous, eadigprotect, gebeorgan, mundbyrdan,
werian, gescildan, friSian, griSian
protection, griS, gescildnis, mund,mundbyrd
protector, helm, mundbora, vveriend,
geholaproud, modlic, mddig, ofermod,
priit, wlanc, hedlic
proverb, bigspell
Proverbs, book of, bigspellbocprovide, tilian, w. gen. of thing and
dat. ofpersonprovided that, witJ Sm Se
provisions, nest; (for a journey],wegnest
prudence, snotornis
prudent, gleaw, gledwhydig, ferhS-
gledw, snotor
psalm, sealm
psalmist, sealmscop, sealmwyrhtapsalter, sealtere
public, sebere
publicly, openlicepull, teon, bregdanpunish, wrecan, J>rdfian
punishment, wfte, wracu, morSor
purchase, s., ceappurchase (obtain), gewrixlianpure, unwemme, claane, hlutor, hliitt-
or, sifre
purify, claensian, gefaelsian
purity, claannis
purple, adj., paellen
push, sciifan, dsciifan, bescufan
put on, on don
put to sleep, dswebban
Qquake, cwacian
quarrel, v., fli'tan
quarter (direction), ende
quean, cwe'n
queen, cw^nquell, cwellan
28
QUENCH RESOUND
quench (fire}, acwencan
question, v., befrignan
quick, arod, snell; (living, alive),
cwic
quicken (vivify), geh'ffaestan
quickly, hraSe, hraedlice, snude, ard-
lice, timlice
quiet, s., stillnis
quoth, cwaeS
Rrace (kin), cynn, mennisc ; (lineage),
strenge ; (progeny), tedmrace (as in mill-race), raes
raid, rdd
rain, regenrain, shower of, regenscurrain, v., rinan
raise, hebban; (raise up\ dhebban
rake, s., raca, race
ram, ramm, romm ; (pattering-
ram}, rammrampart, weall
rank, s., aeftelu, gebyrd, hdd, ge-
fyngtto, ge>yncSrank, ofhigh, weorS, wirtJ
rank, adj., ranc
ransom, dlisan
rare, seldctiS, sellic
rash, wanh^digrather (sooner), hraSor
; he wouldrather, him leofre wses
ravage, hergian, forhergian, ofer-
hergian, (San
ravaging, forhergungraven, hraefn
raw, hredw
ray of light, leoma, scima
reach, gersecanread, raedan, drsdan
reading, raedungready, gearc, gearo, fiis
; ready to
depart, siSes fus
reap, ripan
reaper, rfpere
rear, draeran
receive, onfdn, w. gen., ace., or
instr.; underf6n ; (food], picganreck, r^can, meornanreckless, r^celeds
reckon, recenian, tellan
reconcile, gesdmanrecord, gemyndrecover (rescue), hreddanrecover (from disease}, gewirpan,gewyrpan
recovery (from trouble}, wirpered, redd
redeem, lisan, dlfsan
reed, hreodreek (vapour}, rdc
re-establish, geedstaSelian
reflect, smedgan, smean; bej'encan,
reflex.
refuse, forsacan, sceorian
refute, alecganregion, landscipereign, ricsian, rixian
reindeer, hrdn
reject, dcweSan
rejoice, faegnian, gefeohan, gebliss-ian
related, gesibbrelationship, sibb
relative, s., sibblingrelax, intr., t6sliipan
release, lisan, dli'san
relinquish, ofgifan, oflsetan
remain, restan, lifan, belifan, set-
standan
remains, Mfremedy, bot
remember, gemyngian ; gemunan(poet.}
remind, gemyngianremove, dfirran
rend, hrendan
render, dgifanrenew, geniwian, geedniwianreparation, b6t
repent, hreowsian, behredwsian,da=db^tan ; repent of (be sorry
for), ofyyncan, impers., w. dat.
ofpers. andgen. of thingrepents, it, hreoweS
repentance, hreowsung, daedbot
represent, getdcnianreproach, aetwftan, w. dat. ofpers.reproach, s., edwit
reproval, >redgung, >redung, ^edp-ung, }>redtung
reprove, >rdfian, fr^apian, J;redt-
ian, >redgan, >renrequest, b^n
requital, witJerledn
requite, gildan, forgildan, geledn-ian
rescue, hreddan, dhreddan
resist, forstandan ; wiSsettan, it).
dat., wiSstandan, w. dat.
resolute, dnrsed
resolution, dnraednis
resound, hlimman
29
RESPITE SAFE
respite, first
rest, rest
rest, v., restan
restless, unstille, waefre
restore, eft agifanrestrain oneself, stfran, re/I.
resurrection, serist
retainer, mann, maguj>egn, hfred-
mann, hiremann, geselda, dryht-guma
retainers, body of, folgoS, dryht,
duguSretreat, wiSertrod
return, eftsiS
return, v., cirran, reflex.; gehwirfan,intrans.
reveal, onhlidan, geopenianrevelation, onwrigennisrevenge, wracu
reverence, maaS
revile, leahtrian
reward, me"d, lean, edledn, wiSer-
lean
reward, i>., gelednianrhyme, rim
rib, ribb
rich, rice, eddig, spddig, weligriches, wela (often in pi. welan) ;
spe"d, blsed
rid, hreddan
riddle, rsedels
ride, ridan
rider, ridda
ridge, hrycgright (hand or side], swiSre
right, riht, adj. and sb.
righteous, rihtwis, rihtlic, rihtwislic
righteousness, rihtwisnis
rightly, rihte, rihtlice
rim, rima
rime, hrim
rind, rind
ring, bring, beagripe, ripe
ripe, to become, geripianrise, risan
;rise high, hlifian ;
rise as dust, stincan ;rise up,
upastigan ; (raise oneself},.rv-an, reflex.
rising (of the sun), upgangrisk, gene"San, w. instrum.
river, ea, 6, stream
river-bank, eastaeS
road, weg, strset ; see raid
roar, rarian
rod, reafian
robber, reafere
robbery, rearlac, stalu, strudungrobe, reaf, hrsegl, girla, wsed, ge-
wsede
rock, clud, stein
rocky, cliidig
rod, girdroe, rd
roll, wealwian, wealcan ; intrans.
windanrood, rod
roof, hrof
rook, hroc
room, rumroomy, rumroost (hen-roost], hrost
root, wyrt, wyrtrumaroot up, awyrtwalianrope, rap, sal
rose, rose
r0/, rotian
rough, hreoh, hreo, unsm^Seround about, ymbutanrow, s. (order], raw
row, v., rowan;
row round, be-
rowan
royal, cynelic ; royalfamily, cyne-cynn
rue, hreowanruin, v., amirran
ruined, forloren
rule, ncsian, rixian, wealdan, raedan
rule (dominion}, onweald ; (of con-
duct), regol
ruler, raedend, wealdend
rules, breach of, regolbrycerules, according to, regollice
ruminate, eodorcan
run, hleapan, irnan, beirnan, aern-
an;
run aground (of ships],cisittan
run away, asthleapanrune, run
rush, raes
rush, v., raesan
rust, rust
ruth, hreowS
sack, sacc, saecc
sacrifice, lac
sacrifice, v., offrian, blotan
sad, sar, sarig, sarlic, geomor, breo\v,
hreo, unrot, dreorigsaddle, sadol
sadness, dreorignis, unrotnis
safe (unbetrayed], unswicen
SAFETY SHEAR
safety, gebeorgsagacious, gescdchvfs
sagaciously, gescddwislice
sagacity, gescadwisnissail, segel
sail, v., segliansailor, lidmann, flota, flotmann
saint, halga, sanct
sake, intinga ;for his sake, for his
ffingum ; and see strife
sallow, salu
salmon, leax
salt, s. and adj., sealt
salute, hdlettan
salve (to anoint], sealfian
same, self; the same, ilca; and see
similarly
sanctuary, place of, friSstow, hdlig-nis
sand, sand
sap, saep
Saturday, sasternesdaeg
save, nerian, dhreddan, gebeorgansaviour, haelend, nergendsaw (a saying), sagu, cwide
say, secgan, cweSan, gecweffansaying, cwide, saguscarcely, unedtte, earfoSlice
scathe, sceSftan
scatter abroad, stre*dan
science, lar
scrape, scafan
scribe, bocere
scripture, gewritsea, sse, mere, mereflod, flot, holmsea-bird, brimfugolseal (animal], seolh, seol
seam, sedtn
sear (to wither up], forsedrian
seat, st61, setl
second, offer
secret, dime, dfgol
secretly, dfgollice
secular, woruldcundsecure (fasten), befaestan
secure, fasst
security, fasstnung, waer
sedge, secgsedition, stric
seduce, forspanansee, geseon, scedwian
; (perceive),ongitan ; see over, oferseon
seed, ssed
seek, se*can, feccan
seem, )>yncan, impers., w. dat.
seethe, seoffan
seize, fon, befon, niman, gelaecan
seldom, seldon
self, self
sell, sellan, cipan, c^-pan, becedpiansend, sendan, asendan ;
send for,ofsendan
;sendforth, onsendan,
laetan
sense, andgitseparate, syndrigseparate, v., totwseman ; separatefrom, getwaefan, w. gen.
sepulchre, Hcrest, moldaern
serf, )>rael
sermon, Idrspell
serpent, wyrmservant, ]>egen, j^eow, ]>e6\va, cnapa,
ambihtscealcservant (female), Si'nen, Seowenserve, >r6wian, ]>e6wan; J>egnian,
w. dat.
service, >e6wotdom, J>egenscipe,)>eg-
nung, ]>^nungservile, cirlisc
serving-man, >egnungmannservitude, }>e6wot, J>eowd6mset, settan ;
set down, settan ;set
forth (write), gesettan ; (to place),dstellan
settle (people), gesettan ; (intrans.),sittan
seven, seofon
sevenfold, seofonfeald
seventh, seofoSa
seventy, hundseofontigsevere, swiS, swMic, stiS, stiSlic,
J>earl, hefig, strang
severely, >earle, >earllice, straeclice,uns6fte
sew, siwian
shade, scua
shadow, scadu, sceadu, scua
shaft, sceaft; (handle), helf
shake, scacan, sceacan, dscacan,
cweccan, dcweccan; (wag), wag-
ian
shake off" (sleep), t6bredan
shall, I, ic sceal
shame, scamu
shamefully, bismerlice
shank, sceanc, sceanca, scanca
shape, scippanshare, scearu
sharp, scearp, scearplic, heard
sharpness, scearpnisshave, scafan
she, heo (cf. seo)
sheaf, scedf
shear, sceran
SHEATH
sheath, sceaS
shed, geotan ;shed tears, ageotan ;
(separate}, sceadan
shedding of blood, gytesheep, sceapsheep-fold, sce"pensheer; see brightsheet, sceat
shell, scell
shelter, hle6, sceat
shepherd, hirde
shew, e"wan, eowan, aeteowan, ge-tacnian
shield, scild, bord ; (poet.}, lind,rand
shield (protect}, ymbbeorganshilling, scilling
shin-bone, scinban
shine, scinan, blican, lixan
ship, scip, ceol, sesc, lid, mereheng-est
ships, to provide with, gescipianshire, scir
shoal (offish}, scolu
shoe, sco
shoot, sceotan ; shoot through,Jmrhsceotan
shooter, sceotend
shooting, scyteshore, staeS, ofer, strand
short, sceort
shot (arrow}, gesceotshot (reckoning}, gesceotshould, I, ic sceolde, ic scolde
shoulder, eaxl, sculdor
shove, scufan, asctifan
shower, sciir ; (of rain}, regenscurshred, screadian
shrew-mouse, screawa
shrift, scrift
shrine, scrfn
shrink up, forscrincan
shrive, scrifan
shroud, scrud
shun, onscunian
shut, scyttanshuttle (cf. A.S. scyttel, a bolt, bar)
sick, seoc, mettrum
sicken, gesiclian
side, side, healf; on this side of,
beheonan, w. dat.; on all sides,
Eeghwanon ; -from all sides, ge-hwanon
sieve, sife
sift, siftan
sigh, sican
sighing, sfcetung
SLIPPERY
sight, gesihSsign, tdcen, beacen
signification, getacnungsignify, getdcnian, secgansilent, to be, swigian ; sometimes w.
gen.silk, seolc
sill, syll
silly (cf. A.S. gescelig, happy]silver, seolfor; made of, silfren
similarly, swa samesimple, bilewit
simplicity, bilewitnis
simply, bilewitlice
sin, v., syngian, agyltan, scyldgiansin, synn, scyld, gylt
since, siSSan, Saes iSe, nii
sincere, inweard
sinful, synfull, forsyngodsing, singan, galan, asmgan, agalansingle, anlipe
sink, sigan, dsfgan ; (causal), senc-an
sinner, gyltendsister, sweostor, swustor
; pi. ge-sweostor
sit, sittan
six, six
sixth, sixta
sixty, sixtig
size, micelnis
skilful, fr6d
skilfully, listum
skill, craeft, list, searu
skin, fell
sky, swegel ; (poet.}, rodor
slack, sleac
slander, hoi
slaughter, siege, sleaht, wael, wa?l-
sleaht, waelsliht, fill; slaughter,
greedyfor, waelgifre
slave, >eowslay, slean, ofslean, fillan
slaying, sliht
sleep, sleep, swefen, swefn
sleep, slaepan, onslaapan, swefan,
hnaeppian ;fiut to sleep, asweb-ban
sleeplessness, slsepleast
slide, slidan (Somner}slight, gehwaedeslightly, hwonlice
slime, slim
sling, liSere
slink, slincan
slip off, awindan
slippery, slipor
SLIT- STARE
slit, slitan
sloe, sla (Lye)
slope, hlinian
sloth, dsolcennis
slow, slaw, last, saene
slumber, slumerian (Lye)
small, smael, msete, medmicel
smear, smerian
smirk, smercian
smite, smitan
smith, smift
smithy, smiSfte
smock, smocc
s'moke, v., smeocansmoke, prosm, re"c
smooth, sme"$e
snail, snaegl
snake, snaca, nsedre
snatch, gegrfpansneak (to creep], snican
snow, sndwso, swa ;
so much, to Sasm, to fces
soap, sapesock, socc
sodden, soden ; see seetJte
soft, softe, hnesc
soften, geliSian, gehnescian, onwaec-an
softly, softe, hnesclice
softness, hnescnis
same, sum, nathwilc; some one, sumsomething, hwaethwegusometimes, hwflum, J^ragumsomewhat, hwaet, hwon, hwdneson, sunu, masg, maga, magusong, sang, gidd, leo<5
soon, sona, hraedlic, lungre.; assoon as, sona swd
sooth (true, truth}, sd5
sooth, in, to so5e
sore, sar, adj. and sb.
sorely, sdre
sorrow, sorg, s4r
sorrow, -u., sorgian
sorrowful, sorgfull
sorry, sarig
soul, sdwul
sound, s., son, hleoSor, sweg,bearhtm
sound (healthy), gesund, onsundsound (unhurt), gesund, gesundfullsound of the sea, sundsoundness (health), onsundnissour, siir
south,from the, suOansouth of, wiS suSan, w. ace.
southern, suOerne
south part,southward, adj., suSeweard
southwards, suS
sovereignty, ealdord6msow, sawan, sprengansower, sdwere
space, r^met; (of time\ faac, first
spacious, rum, ginnspare, sparian
spark, spearcasparrow, spearwaspeak, sprecan, specan, cweSan,
maelan, maSelian, hleoSrian
spear, spere, gar, franca, daroS,
waelsteng; (poet.\ aesc; spear-
point, ord
spear-shaft, asscholt
special, synderlic
specially, synderlice
speech, spraec, maal, cwide, cwide-
giddspeechless, cwideleas
speed (success], sp^dspellj see narrative
spend, forspendanspew, spiwanspillj see destroy
spin, spinnanspindle, spindelspirit, gstspiritual, gcistlic
spit, spittan, spyttansplendid, wrasttlic
splendidly, wraettlice
sponsor, godsibbsport, v., laxan
spread abroad, intrans., aspringanspring (Lent), lencten
spring, springanspringforth, onspringanspring up, aspringansprinkle, sprengansprinkle over, geondsprenganspurn, spurnan (Somner), spornettansquare, feowerscite
stab, >^dan ;stab to death, ofsting-
an
staff, staef
stain, wammstained, fdg, fdh
stake, staca, stocc, stengstall (for cattle), steall, sce*pen
stand, standan ; (up), astandan;
(still], dSstandan
star, steorra, tungolstarboard, steorbord
stare, starian
33
STARK SWALLOW
stark (severe, rough), stearc
starve; see die
state (condition), hadstature, waestm
stay (remain}, wunian
stead, stael, stede
steadfast, stedefaest
steal, stelan
steal along (move noiselessly), be-
stelan
steam, stedm
steed, stdda
steel, stfl
steep, stepsteeple, stdpel, sty"pel
steer, stiran
stem (trunk}, stemn
stench, stenc
step, steppansterility, unwaestm
stern, adj., stirne, stirnmdd
stick, stocc
stiff, stiS
stile, stfgel
still, adj., stille; adv., git, nu git,
Sa git, forS
stillness, stillnis
sting, stinganstink, stincan, reocan
stir, styrian, hrdran
stirrup, stigrapstock (stick], stocc
stone, stan
stone, made of, stsenen
stone to death, oftorfian
stone-wall, stanweall
stony, stseniht
stoolj see seat
storm, storm, unweder, hrftJ
storm, v., styrmanstory, spell, stabr
stout-hearted, swfSm6dstraight on, on gerihtestrand, strandstrand (a ship}, beebbian
strange, fremde, elfremede, aelfrem-
ede, sellic; (unrelated to}, un-
gesibbstraw, stredw
stream, stredm
street, straet
strength, strengu, maegen, J>rySu,
J>rymm, eafoS
strengthen, trymian, trymmanstrengthening, trymmungstretch, streccan, J>enian; astreccan
(reflex.}
strew, stredwian
strife, strfS, gewinn, sacu
strike, slean ; (off}, ofasledn ; (down},geslean
strip of, bestrfpan, w. gen.stroke, sweng, dyntstroke, v., strkcian
strong, strang, stranglic, strenglic,
stiS, trum, swf5, dyhtig, J>yhtig,
>ry3lic ; (poet.}, eacen
subject, v., underj>eodan
subjection, underj^eodnissucceed (prosper}, spowan, impers.
w. dat.
success, forSgang, spddsuccessor, aeftergenga
such, swilc, Silc
such a one, swilc
stick... as, swilc...hwilc
suck, sucan
suckle, gesycansuddenly, fasringa, faerlice
suffer (endure}, >olian; (feel pain],]>rowian, cwilmian; (allow}, ge->dfian
stiffering, ]?rowung
suffice, genyhtsumiansuffices, it, geneahsitfficiency, genyhtsumnissufficient, genyhtsumsuit, v., gedafeniansuitable, gerisenlic, gelimplic, ddflic
sully, besylian
sulphur, swefl
sulphurous, sweflen
summer, sumor
summon, bannan, gelangian, gelaS-
ian, ofsendan, stefnian
sun, sunne
sunbeam, sunnbedmSunday, sunnandaegsunderj see apartsundry, syndrigsup, siipan
supply (stock), onsteall ; (material},feorm
support, aberan
surface, brerd ; (of the earth}, scedt
surge, brimwilm, ytJ
surround, begdn, behringan, be-
windan; (ride round), beridan ;
(a town), utan besittan
survey, sceawian
surveying, sceawungsustenance, bigwist, bigleofa, fostor
swain, swdnswallow (bird}, swealwe, swalewe
34
SWALLOW THOUGHTFUL
swallow, swelgan, w. instrum.
swan, swanswarm, swearmswarthy, sweart
swear, aswerian
sweat, swat
sweep away, forswapansweet, swe"te
sweetness, swe'tnis
swell, swellanswellgreatly, toswellan
swift, swift
swim, swimmanswimming, sund
swine, swin
swinge (beat], swinganswoon, swimasword, sweord, swurd, seax, me'ce,
heoru, heoruwsepen, bill, hilde-
bill, wigbill ; (poet.}, brand, beadu-leoma
sword-stroke, sweordgeswing
table, beod, bordtail, steort, taegl
take, niman, fon, gefeccan ; away,animan ; aetbregdan, w. dat.j
(a city}, abrecan ; (asfood], >icgantale (story), getasl
tame, tarn
taper (candle), tapertar, teru
tart (acrid}, teart
teach, t?ecan, Iseran
teacher, ldre<5w
teamj see progenytear, s., tear
tear, v. teran, slftan ; asunder,t6teran
tease, tsesan
teem, ti'man
tell, secgan, dsecgan, gec)'$an ; see
reckon
temperance, forhaefednis
tempest, gewidertemple, tempeltempt, fandian
temptation, costungtempting, fandungten, tin, tyntender, tydretent, geteld, teld, biirgeteld, traef
tenth, te6Saterm of military service, stefn,stemn
terrible, gryrelic, atol
territory, e"$el
terror, gryre, broga, <5ga
test, cunnian, gecunnian, dfandian
testimony, gewitnisthan, Sonne, w. comparativesthane, J>egen
thank, v., Jancianthanks, >anc ; (thanks to God},Codes ]>ances
that, Saet, Saette, Se;
in order that,for 6am Saet
thatch, s., paec
thaw, fawanthe, se (m.\ seo (/.), Soet (.)the. . .the (with comparatives], swl. . .
swd.
the greater, 8^ mara (correlatively)
thee, %, Sec
theft, >ifS
their, hira
them, hi, hig (ace.} ; him (dat.)
then, Sonne, Sa, Saar
thence, Sanon; (from that cause},Saes
there, Saer
therefore, y, for 8^, for Sdmthese, Sis
they, hi, higthey were..$3S.t waeron...
thick, >icce
thief, >eof, sceaSa
thigh, >eohthin, >ynnethine, Sin
thing, >ing, wiht, wuht
think, >encan, hycgan, gemyntan ;
of, J>encan ; about, hogianthird, Jiridda
thirst, v., >yrstanthirst, J;urst
thirty, }>ritig, |>rittig
thirtyfold, J?ritigfeald
this, Ses
thistle, J)istel
thither, Sider, Siderweardes, Sider-
weard, Saar
thong, Jnvangthorn, >ornthose, Sd
thou, Sii
though, Seah, S^h; though...yet,
thought, ge>6ht, J?anc, gej>anc, mod-
gepoht, modge>anc, innge>anc,
gehygdthoughtful, >ancol, >ancolmod
35
THOUSAND TRUSTY
thousand, Jmsendthousands, in, J>usendmselumthrall, )>rael
thrash, ]>erscan
thread, J>ra=d
threat, beot
threaten, fredgan, redn, J>redtian
threatening, )>redgung, )>redung
three, )>reo, J>rf, fry
thresh, ferscanthrice, friwathrill; see piercethroat, >rotu
throne, stol, setl, cynesetl, frymm-setl
throng, gefrang, meniguthrong, v., J>ringan
through, >urh
throughout, Jmrh, geondthrow, weorpan, wurpan, beweorp-an
; away, dweorpan [)>rdwan=
thumb, >umathunder, JmnorThursday, Jmnresdaegthus, Sus
tile, tigele
/z'//, 77., tilian
timber; see buildingtime, tid, tima, hwil, mael, stund,
frag; (occasion), sael, cirr;//OT^ (space of), fee -from timeto time, stundum
; (how manytimes), sift
;at no time, ndhwser
time, wrong (unsuitable season),untima
tin, tinn
tinder, tyndertired) m^Se, wdrigto, to
/^a^, tdde
to-day, to daeg^^, td
together, togaedere, aeigaedere, on
geador, aetsomne, endemes, sam-od
toil, earfoS, geswinc/^//, winnan
token, tdcen, tdca
^//, toll
tomb, byrgentongs, tange (//. tangan)tongue, tunge^o, to
tool, tol
/<?/, topp, copptouch, hrepian, hrfnan
tough, toh
torment, wite, susl, tintreg
torment, v., wftnian, tintregian
towards, toweard, ongedn, ong^n ;
togednes, w. dat.; wiS, w. dat.,
ace., or gen.; towards heaven,wiS Saes heofones weard
tower, stipel
town, tun
track, spor, gang, lst, swaaS, swaftu
track, to make a, spyriantraitor, waerlogatransform, forscippantransitory, hwilwende, hwflwendlic,
laene
translate, wendan, dwendan, drecc-
an
translater, wealhstod
trappings, geraade, hyrst
travel, faran, dfaran
traverse, geondfaran, geondhweorf-an, geondldcan, oferfaran, ofer-
gdn, Jmrhfaran, ]>urhirnan, tredan,.metan
treacherous, lytig, swicol, fdcenfull
treacherous, to be, swician
treachery, ungetreowS, facen, searu,searucraeft
tread, tredan
treason, hlaTordswice
treasure, goldhord, hard, hordfet,
sine, matSum, mddmtreaty, waer
tree, treow, bedra
tremble, bifian
trespass, forwyrcan, reflex.T dgyltaatrial, fandungtribe, maegft, cneoris
tribute, gafol, sceatt, nidgild
trick, vvrenc
trim (strengthen), trymmantrinity, >rfnis
troop, fSa, flocc, gemang, hedpr
hloS, gefylce, geti-um, getruma,sweot, >redt, werod, worn ; by
troops, floccmaelum
trouble, s., gedr^fednis, bysgu, ge-
winn, wedtroubled, gedrefedtrough, trog, troh
true, soft, soSfest, treowe, riht;
(faithful), trywetruly, soSlice
trust (in), treowian, trawian, w. dat.
trusty, gecost
TRUTH
truth, soft, soSfaestnis, treowft
try, fandian, afandian
tub, cyfu
Tuesday, Tiwes daeg
tumult, gebland, gewinntun, tunne
tunic, tunece
turbid, to become, drusian
turf, turf
turn, wendan, awendan, cirran,
gehwirfan, gehweorfan ; (become),wendan
; intrans., windan
turn, itij wrixendlice
tusk, tusc, totJ
twain, twegen (masc.)
twelfth, twelfta
twelve, twelf
twenty, twentigtwice, tuwa
twig, twigtwin, getwisa ; twins, getwinnetwine, twin
twinkle, twinclian
twist, windan, >rawantwit, astwftan, edwitan
two, twegen, masc., twa, fern, andneut.
type, get^cnung
Uudder, uder
unallowed, unalifed
unanimous, anmodunanimously, anmodlice
unawares, on ungearweunbaptized, ungefullodunbelief, ungeleaffulnis
unbelieving, ungeleaffull, geleafledsunburnt, unforbasrned
uncle, earn
unconsciously, ungewissesuncouth; see unknownuncover, onwreon, onwriSan ; (un-
wind], unwindan
undefended, firdleas
undefiled, ungewemmed, unwemmeunder, under, w. dat. and ace.
understand, ongitan, oncnawan, for-
standan, understandan
understanding, gewittunhappiness, ungesaeltJ
unhappy, ungesaeligunhealthy, wanhalunite (draw together), gednlaecanunity, annis
unknown, unciitJ
VILIFY
unlawful, unalifed
rtnless, nemne, nefne, buton
unlike, ungelicunlock, onliican
unmindful, ungemyndigunopposed, unbefohten
unreasoning, ungewittig
unrighteousness, unrihtwisnis
unsold, unbeboht
unstable, tealt
unsuitable, ungerisenlic
unsuitably, ungerisenlice
until, 6ft, usu. w. ace.
until, conj., 6fS Sset, 69
unworthily, unweorSlice
up, up ; adv., uppeupon, onufan, w. dat., onuppan,w. dat.; uppon, w. dat. and ace.
upwards, upus, us
use, notu, nyttuse, v., briican, w. gen.; neotan,
w.gen.; use up (consume),genot-ian
used to, to be, willan
useful, nyttwirSeuseless, unnytt, idel
usual, gewunelicutility, nytt
uttermost, ^temest
vaguely, unfaestlice
vain, idel;
in vain, on idelnisse
vale (open broad valley), slaed
valley, denu, dael
valour, dryhtscipevane, fana
vapour, stedm, >rosmvariegated, fdh, fdgvarious, mislic, mistlic, missenlic,
syndrigvat, faet
venerable, dnveorSventure on,
verily, soSlice
verse, fers
vertebra, bdnhringvery, swiSe, for, full, Dearie ; very
old, oreald
vessel, fast, faetels, cyfu, cylle
vice, uncyst, unsidu, un)eawvictorious, sigefasst, sigoreddigvictory, sige, sigor, hre"3
vigorously, stranglice
vilify, hirwan, bismerian
VILLAGE WELKIN
village, tun, castel
vineyard, wingeardviolate, tobrecan
violence, nid
violent, hetelic, hetol, hsest
violently, hetelice
virgin, masgden, mseden, maegS,faemne ; (poet.), me6wle
virginity, maegShadvirtue, cyst, mgegen, arfaastnis
virtuous, cystig, arfaest
visible, gesinevisit, se"can ; nedsan, TV. gen.visitation, neosungvital, liflic
vixen, fyxenvoice, stefn, stemn, gereordvoluntarily, selfwilles
Wwade, wadanwag, wagianwaggon, waegnwailing, Jjotertmg
wainj see waggonwait, andbidian ; for, onbidan
;
bidan, w. gen.; upon, folgian
wake, wacanwalk, wealcan
wall, weall, wahwallow, wealwian
wall-stone, weallstdn
walrus, horshwasl
wan, warmwander, scri'San, wandrian
"wandering, adj., waefre
wane, wanian
wanton, galmod, galferhSwantonness, gaelsawar, wig, winn, gewinn, giiS, hild,
heaSu,sacu,orlege,unfritJ ; (poet.),beadu
ward, weard
war-expedition, heresift
war-horn, guShornwarily, waerlice
warm, wearmwarn, gewearnianwarning, wearnungwarning, to take, warnian, reflex.
warrior, guma, cempa, wiga, wig-end, oretta, dreng, freca, hyse,
garberend, sceotend, guSfreca,
guSrinc, heafturinc ; herewaefta,
hildedeor, hilderinc, waepenwiga,beadurinc, firdrinc, lindhaebben-
de, lindwigend, randwiga, rand-
wfgend, folcwiga, hagusteald-
monn, sweordfreca, waslwulf ;
(poet.), byrnwiga, byrnwfgend,rinc, haele, haeleS, beorn, eorl,
>egen, secgwar-song, hildeleoS, guSleoSwary, waer
was, wass
wash, fweahan, J)wein, ajnvean,wacsan
wasp, waeps, wespwaste, w^ste
waste, to lay, w^stan, aw^stan
watch, s., weard
watch, wseccan; intrans., wac-
ian; over, eahtian
watchful, wasccende
water, waeter, laguwave, waeg, waSum, ^3wax, s., weaxwax (to grow), weaxan
way, wegway, to clear a, gerymanwayfaring, wegfarendewe, we"
weak, wdc, untrum, wanhal, un-
mihtigweak, to become, wacian
weaken, gelifan
weakness, uncraeft, untrumnis ;
weakness of mind, wacmodnisweal; see wealth
wealth, wela (often in pi. welan).
wealthy, weligwean, wenian
weapon, waepenwear, werian
weary, we"rig, me"Se
weasel, wesle
weather, weder
weave, wefan
web, webbwed; see pledgewedge, wecgWednesday, Wodnesdaegweed, weodweeds (garments), wseda, pi.
week, wicu, wucuween, we"nan
weep, we"pan, re6tan, greotan, graetan
weeping, wopweevil, wifel
weigh, waeganweird; seefatewelkin (sky), wolcen
WELL WITHIN
well, s., willa
well, wel, tela
Welsh, Welsc
wen, wennwend; see turn
went, code
were, wseron
west, west
west,from the, westanwest of, be westan, w. dat.
west quarter, westdael
westwards, westlang, westweard,west
west wind, westanwind
wet, wset
wet, v., waetan
wether, weSer
whale, hwael
whale-fisher, hwaelhunta
whale-fishery, hwaelhuntaS
what, hwaet, hwilc
wheat, hwaete
wheel, hweol
wheeze, hwsesan
whelk, weoic
whelp, hwelpwhen, hwanne, hwaenne, Caer, t6
Saes Se ; (when that), S Sa, midSam Se, mid Sy
when... then, Sonne...Sonne, Sa...Sd
whence, hwanonwhere, hwaer, hwar, Sser
wherefore, for hwywherever, swd hwider sw
/^/, hwettan
whether, hwaeSerwhether.. .or, sam...sam
whey, hwaegwhich, hwilcwhich of the two, hwaeSer
whichever, swat hwaeSer swawhile, Senden
while, s., hwil
whilst, Sd hwfle Se
whine, hwinan
whirlpool, wasl
whisper, hwisprianwhistle, hwistlian
whit, wiht
white, hwft, bide
u'/iither, hwider, hwaer, Sasr
whithersoever, swd hwider swdw/w, Se, se tfe, se ; hwa ?
whoever, swd hwilc swdwhole, hal, onsundwhoop, hwopanwhose, hwas
w/y, hwy, hwaet
wicked, lySre, manfull, fracod, in-
widd, arleas
wickedly, arleaslice, manfullice
wickedness, yfel, yfelnis, manwide, wid, sid, ginnwidely, wide, side
widely known, widcuS
widen, gerymanwidow, widuwe, wuduwewield (a weapon), wealdan
wife, gebedde, wif
wight, wiht
wild, wilde
wilderness, we*sten
wile, wile
will, s., willa, gewill ; of one's ownwill, selfwilles; against his will,his un>ances
willingly, georne, geornlice, lustlice
willingness, willsumnis
willow, wilig
win, gewinnan ; (by fighting), ge-feohtan
wind, s., wind
wind, windan
windy, windigwine, win
wing, feSer
wink, wincian
winnow, windwianwinsome (pleasant), wynnsumwinter, winter
wire, wfr
wisdom, wfsdom, snotornis
wise, wis, witig, snotor, frod, raed-
faest, hygeCancelwise, s. (way), wisewise man, wita, witega, witgawish, willa
wish, v., willan, wyscan ; for, hog-ian, w. gen., gelystan, impers.w. ace. ofpers. andgen. of thing
wish, not to* nyllanwit, s., gewittwit (to know), witan
witch, wicce
with, midwither, forweornian, forseoSan
withhold, forhealdan ; gestiran, w.dat. ofpers. and gen. of thing;ofteon,w. instrum. ; wirnan, wyrn-an, w. gen. (and also w. dat. ofperson)
within, oninnan, w. dat., wiSinnan,w. dat.; adv. (also as prep. w.
dat.), innan, binnan
39
WITHOUT ZEAL
without, wiSutan, w. dat.; buton,w. dat.
witness, gewitnis, gewitawoad, wd.d
woe, wd (exclamation]woe, wed.
woe, sign of, wedtdcen
woe, tidings of, weaspell
wolf, wulf
woman, wff, wifmann; (poet.}, ides
womb, innoS ; (belly), wambwander, wundorwonder at, v., wundrian, w. gen.
wonderful, wundorlic
wont, to be, gewunianwonted, gewunelicwoo, wogianwood, treow ; (forest}, wudu, holt,
holtwudu, weald
wool, wull
word, wordwork, weorc
work, v., wyrcanworker, wyrhtaworld, middangeard, woruld ;
cir-
cuit of the, ymbhwirftworldly, woruldlic
worm, wyrm, maSaworse, to become, wirsian
worse, wirsa
worship, s., weorSung, wurSungworship, weorSian, wurSian
worst, wirst
wort, wyrtworth, s., weorS, wurS ; dugutJ
worth, to be, duganworthy, weorS, wirS
wot, I, ic wdtwould, I, ic wolde
wound, wund, dolg ; (poet.}, benn
wound, forwundian, gesdrgianwounded, dolgwund, wundwoven, gebrodeuwreak, wrecan
wreath, wra^S
wren, wrsenna
wrench, wrencan
wrest, wrffistan
wretch, poor, earming
wretched, earm, earmlic, wraecfull
wretchedly, earmlice
wright (worker], wyrhtawring, wringanwrist, wrist
write, wrftan
writer, writere1
writhe, wriSan
writing, gewritwrong, unriht, wrang, unrihtlic,
wrangwiswrong, s., unriht
wroth,
wrought (did work], worhte
yard (court}, geardyard (measure}, gerdyarn, gearn
yea, gedyear, gedr, ge"r ; (in reckoning time},
winter
yearn, gernanyeast, gist
yell, gylian
yellow, geolo
yelp, gelpanyes, gese, gise
yesternight, gistran niht
yet, Sedh, Seh, ffedhhwaeftere, ge"n ;
(w. neg.}, git
yew, iw
yield, sellan ; up, linnan, w. in-
strum. [gildan = to pay]yake, geocyolk, geolcayore, of, gedrayore, days of, firndagas, gedrdagasj
formeryears, firngear
you, eow
young, geong, unweaxen
your, eower
youth, geoguS ; {young man}, hyse
zeal, anda, el.len, ellenwodnis
CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
AN
ENGLISH-ANGLO-SAXON
VOCABULARY.
COMPILED BY
THE REV. WALTER W. SKEAT, ALA.
KLKINV.TON AM) IJOSWORTH PROFESSOR OF ANGLO-SAXON.
PRINTED FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION ONLY.
(Eambrtogt :
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
1879