Upload
lycong
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
An IDEA becomes INNOVATION
if it is transformed into REALITY
An ENHANCED DETECTION System for Railway and Subway
Tunnel and Station, based on INFRARED TECHNOLOGY
6th – 8th September 2016 STAVANGER
NORWAY
Fire Protection and Safety in Tunnels 2016
IFDS-R
2
Our eyes are detectors that are ‘designed’ to detect visible light (or visible
radiation)
The human eye can only see a very small part of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
The primary source of infrared radiation is heat or thermal radiation.
Any object that has a temperature above absolute zero (-273.15 degrees
Celsius or 0 Kelvin) emits radiation in the infrared region.
We experience infrared radiation every day: the heat that we feel from sunlight,
a fire or a radiator is all infrared.
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGY, WHAT IT IS:
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
IFDS-R
3
Sir Herschel used a prism to reflect light from the sun and detected, beyond the red
part of the spectrum, an increase in the temperature, recorded on a thermometer. He
was surprised and called “ this kind of energy” CALORIFIC RAYS.
The term “infrared” appears in the late 19th century, when Max Planck demonstrated
the correlation between the “body temperature” and the INFRARED RADIATION.
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
IFDS-R
4
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
Recent developments in detector technology have led to many useful applications
using infrared radiation.
Infrared imaging is used to detect heat loss in
buildings.
Infrared cameras are used in police and
security work, as well as in military
surveillance.
Medical infrared technology is used for
the non-invasive analysis of body tissues
and fluids.
IFDS-R
5
Infrared satellites are routinely used to measure
ocean temperatures, providing an early warning
for helping to identify potentially destructive
storms
Infrared rays support us in daily life
Infrared imaging is used to
test for stress and faults in
mechanical and electrical
systems
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
IFDS-R
6
In firefighting, infrared cameras are used to
locate people and animals caught in heavy
smoke and for detecting hot spots in forest
fires.
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
IFDS-R
7
FIRE AND INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
The visible radiation emitted by fire
is just a small amount of the emitted
energy.
In fire environments, temperatures of
hot surfaces, gases, and flames result
mainly in the infrared portion of the
spectrum.
IFDS-R
8
In the event of a live fire the IR detector responds immediately. Its
behavior is similar to that of an eye. In fact it "sees" the ENERGY
emitted by fire, and its sensitivity is inside the field of view
The Eye is faster
than the Nose.
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA
The infrared sensor technology is based on a consolidated field
experience that has been recently applied successfully also in Rolling
stock’s passenger area.
IFDS-R
The Detection System has been qualified in
compliance with the Italian Standard UNI 11565.
The fire detection is done by means of a continuous analysis of the energetic
levels emitted in the proper infrared band (7 to 15 µm) by the surfaces of the
protected area: in this way, the infrared device directly detects the fire source. This
is why it’s able to react in a very short time (<15 s).
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA
«Eye» Vision
9
IFDS-R
AMGC SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
CONTROLL UNIT
SMOKE SENSOR THERMOCAMERA
DIAGNOSTIC
ON BOARD
OPTICAL &
ACOUSTIC
SIGNAL WATER MIST SYSTEM
DOOR, VENTILATION,
POWER SUPPLY
MANAGEMENT
NEW INFRA RED SENSOR IR DETECTOR
10
IFDS-R
The Infrared thermography is the art of transforming an infrared image
into a radiometric one, which allows temperature values to be read from
the image
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA
Infrared energy (A) coming from an object is focused by the optics (B) onto
an infrared detector (C).
The detector sends the information to sensor electronics (D) for image
processing.
D C B A
9
IFDS-R
12
The sensor matrix is parted in sectors (R rows and C columns).
Combining the thermal status of portions of the matrix, it’s possible to
perform local and global analysis over three levels:
Level 1: Thermal level Analysis over every single pixel
Level 2: Thermal medium level Analysis over every sector
Level 3: Thermal medium level Analysis over the entire matrix
The partition of the matrix in more sectors allows the use of different
detection strategies for each sector (more or less sensible respect to
thermal levels and thermal variation gradients).
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA
IFDS-R
13
The energy associated with the infrared radiation, in the range from 7 to 15 µm,
is
absorbed by the individual pixels,
converted into an electrical signal and
reworked for obtaining the energy and temperature.
Finally, the temperature is sent to the control equipment. The elaboration of energy
and temperature values is performed many times per second, producing a matrix
of temperature values which has the same dimensions of the sensor physical
matrix.
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA
IFDS-R
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES
IN STATION AND TUNNEL THE NEW IDEA
The exact same Technology installed on Rolling Stock is presently in
experimental operation phase in the Tunnels and Subway Stations, in Genova
Italy.
The success achieved in the Railway Sector, appears to be successfully
transitioning also in Infrastructure world
IFDS-R
• Fast acting detection
• False threats detection, when action thresholds are not exceeded
• Detection also based on properly reflected energy
• On board personnel alerting
• High availability, for both HW and SW: MTBF higher than 106 h
• Not affected by the dust and humidity: very low maintenance
• Easy installation and fine integration into INTERIORS, due to large
and flexible Field of View (not only ceiling installation)
• Not affected by air flow effects
INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES -
DISTINCTIVE PERFORMANCES
16
IFDS-R High dust levels – caused by brakes and
high passenger numbers – create considerable false alarm issues for most fire detectors used in underground stations and transportation depots.
For example, the Heat from Dynamic breaking resistor (around 600 °C)
Each such incident can result in unnecessary station evacuations and a service disruptions, costing millions of pounds/euro in lost revenue every year. System reliability is key: seamless safety system integration and simplified ongoing maintenance.
Added to this are the effects of environmental fluctuation, which can also cause false alarms.
FALSE THREATS DETECTION
IFDS-R
THE ON-GOING AMGC EXPERIENCE IN
THERMO CAMERA STATION MONITORING
In DE FERRARI Station of Genova
Underground, AMGC is sponsoring
the experimental installation of a
Thermo-camera Monitoring
System; exactly the same System
for on board detection.
We believe the underground rail stations installed with reliable and intelligent
platform monitoring System, as IR Monitoring System, can ensure a safer and
more comfortable journey for passengers and workmen.
A key part of the fire safety arrangements are emergency plans, risk assessments and the Station and Tunnel inspection regimes. These have been developed by AMGC over the last 4 years and continue to be the subject of on-going review and improvement.
IFDS-R
ALGORITHM TO DECLARE ALLARM–
FROM FIELD EXPERIENCE
TO THE AMGC LAB SET UP
We record data in the Field and we
set up the Proper and Effective
Algorithm to declar WARNING and
ALARM, in the AMGC Lab, at the
Casalecchio Site. From FIELD
In AMGC LAB
To the Service
IFDS-R AMGC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
IN SERVICE
ETR500- Italian High Speed Train Freccia Rossa Vivalto Italian Double
deck Regional train
Metro Leonardo and Metro Meneghino
Milan Underground
The vehicles provided with this system have performed in
operation more than 4 Ml hours without false alarms and a
MTBF > 1.000.000 hours of service.
Monitoring System Installed in Genova Subway - De Ferrari Station
IFDS-R
IR SENSOR COMBINES IN ONE COMPACT DEVICE UP TO 7 THERMO
PILES TO FORM A 16X28 PIXELS 162°X90° THERMAL DETECTOR
Sm IR
AMGC ENHANCED
SMART INFRARED SENSOR SMIR
SMIR Prototype
shape
SMIR Final shape
IFDS-R
• The Extinguishing System, WATER MIST type, use nitrogen (200 bar) as propellant for
discharging Potable Water through Spray Head (100 bar)
• AMGC adopts HIGH PRESSURE for the Added value of High pressure spray System:
the very small size of the droplets increase the water surface per litre.
the water consumption is very low, 20 -35 % compared to conventional
sprinklers
fixed the water quantity, the number of Spray Heads could be significantly
reduced
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
Open Spray Head Nitrogen and water Unit
22
Water mist LOW PRESSURE
Water mist HIGH PRESSURE