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An industry-wide initiative for promoting a
secure,
simple,
ubiquitous,
and inter-operable
location services solution to improve
technology and maximize business
Location Interoperability Forum (LIF)
Outline
• Location Services Industry Status• Necessary components of a workable solution
– Application inter-operability
– Positioning Technologies
– Security and Privacy
• LIF Solution• LIF Operations• How to join LIF
Stakeholders
Value AddedService Providers
ApplicationDevelopers
Network Operators
EquipmentManufacturers
StandardsOrganizations
End User
GovernmentRegulators
Contentproviders
Stakeholders Status• Application developers & Content providers:
– Applications exist, some content offered
– Common application & content interfaces are lacking
• Service Providers & Network Operators– Some operators have started offering location based services
– Others are awaiting clarity and stability
– Many are defining their own strategy
– US operators under government pressure, European operators will follow
• Manufacturers: – Pre-standards solutions currently offered
– Standard compliant products being released
Stakeholders Status• Standards:
– Several bodies (3GPP, TIA, WAP, IETF, Parlay, W3C)
– Multiple standards for Mobile communications (GSM,
GERAN, UMTS, ANSI-126, IS-95, PDC, ..)
• End users
– The word is out but most are still unaware
• Government regulators:
– The US FCC regulations modified in September 2000
– The EU DGXIII started addressing emergency needs
Industry Status Summary• The commercial value of Location Based Services
is appreciated
• Regulators are formulating or reformulating legal requirements
• The industry is active and there are many different ongoing activities
• All stakeholders are not yet working together in an optimum way– a common approach is lacking
System Level InteroperabilityInter system roaming
IS-136UMTS
GPRS
GSM
IS-95
Multivendor networks
NSS1vendorA
NSS2vendorB
BSS1vendorA BSS2
vendorB
BSS2vendorC
LocSrvr
MLPApps
Legacy content/DB systems
AddressDB
Yellowpages Guidance Land
Register
MAPDB
Real estate
register
YPDB
Global Access to Location Information
UMTS networks3GPP rel. 99&00
CI IP-DL
GPS
ANSI-136 networks
CI
GPS
3rd partyMLP (simple and secure)
GSM 09.02
IS-95 networks
CI
IP-DL
GPS
3rd party
3G TS 23.271
E3E3
GPRS/GERAN3GPP rel. 00
CI E-OTD
GPS
3G TS 43.059
GSM networksGSM rel. 98
CI
IP-DL
GPS
3rd party
Generic applications interface
Mobile Network
Location Server
WAP content server or location proxy
Internet/Intranet
MLP
CAMEL SCP
Internet host, e.g. Yellow Pages,
fleet management
Call Center operator, e.g.
E911, roadside assistance
OSA Client
OSA API
Location Service Categories
Category 1 Basic Service Level
Location of all handsets, including legacy, based on cell or improved cell accuracy
Category 2 Enhanced Service Level
Location of all new handsetswith improved accuracy at a reasonable cost
Category 3 Extended Service Level
Location of new handsets withhigh accuracy and higher(compared to Category 2) costwith customer choice
Motivations for Categorizing Location Technologies
• Create consensus on common location technologies– Create economies of scale for manufacturers
and operators– Provide common technology base on which to
develop and provide applications • while providing a variety of choices to consumers
– Improved accuracy vs. higher cost
Location Service Category MappingSystem Category Location Technology
1 Improved CI location method. The improved CI location method utilizes inaddition to CI information e.g. TA and other GSM specific measurementdata. This accuracy category can be implemented without changes to MS.
2GSM specific E-OTD (MS assisted/based) positioning technology, whichis, standardised for GSM Release'98.
GSM
3 The MS Based GPS concept which is standardised for GSM Release'98.
1 Cell coverage based method, which is already included in ANSI-136.
2 Currently no support in TIA/EIA-136 C standard exists for this category.TIA/EIA-
136
3
MS Based GPS location concept that is standardised for TIA/EIA-136 C.Recognising the commonalties and convergence in TIA/EIA-136 and GSM,the TIA/EIA-136 implementation of NW Assisted MS Based GPS locationtechnology is harmonised with the GSM GPS concept to the greatestextent practical.
1 CI based method, which is standardised for TIA/TR45.2 IS-41.
2IS-95 specific AFLT (MS assisted/based) position technology, which isstandardised for TIA/IS-801.
IS-95
3 MS Based GPS concept which is standardised for TIA/IS-801.
Security and Privacy Issues• Addressing Security and Privacy is
critically important for location service success.
• Desire for location services but fear for unwanted misuse of location information.
• Security and Privacy requirements have to be clearly specified for “home” and “roaming” environments
Background
• Several standards bodies, different agendas
• Multiplicity and complexity of positioning methods
• Lack of applications and contents interoperability
• Security and end user privacy are not fully addressed
• Current focus on specific wireless technologies and short term market requirements
The need
• There is a need for a global forum to:
• address the complexity and multiplicity of current solutions and market situation.
• define, develop, and promote an inter-operable location services solution that is open, simple, and secure.
• allow user appliances and internet-based applications to obtain location information from the wireless networks independent of their air interfaces and positioning methods.
LIF Creation• LIF is the result of a joint initiative from
Motorola, Ericsson, and Nokia
• LIF is not a legal entity – quick establishment– must be prepared for modifications later
in future there may be reasons to form a legal entity
LIF Vision• Defining a simple and secure access method that
allows wireless devices to access location information from the wireless networks irrespective of their underlying air interface and positioning methods.
• Promoting a family of standards-based location determination methods and their supporting architectures.
• Establishing a framework for contributing to the global standard bodies and specification organizations to define common methods and procedures for the testing and verification of the LIF-recommended access method and positioning technologies.
LIF Relationship to Other Groups
Mobile terminalMobile terminal Cellular NetworkCellular Network Server applicationsServer applications
PositioningHW/SWPositioning
HW/SW
WAP MicroBrowser
WAP MicroBrowser
Non browser applicationse.g. calendar
Non browser applicationse.g. calendar
CellularHW/SW- GSM
- GPRS- UMTS- IS-136-IS-95
CellularHW/SW- GSM
- GPRS- UMTS- IS-136-IS-95
Cellularinfrastructure e.g.
- GSM- GPRS- UMTS- IS-136-IS-95
Cellularinfrastructure e.g.
- GSM- GPRS- UMTS- IS-136-IS-95
PositioningServer- GMLC
PositioningServer- GMLC
WAP Gateway/
Location proxy
WAP Gateway/
Location proxy
N-E-M white paper
E-OTD GPSIP-DL E-OTD A-GPSIP-DL
ApplicationServer/Portal
Intranet or
internetWEB
applications
internet
CI
WEB applications
HTTP Browser- e.g.Nokia communicator
HTTP Browser- e.g.Nokia communicator
Application protocol influenced by LIF
IETF/W3C/OpenGIS
IETF/W3C/OpenGIS
WAP Forum
3GPP, TR45E.g. EPOC32
AFTLGIS DB systems
OpenGIS
LIF Members• Sponsor Members
– At this stage LIF Founding Members only
(Motorola, Ericsson, Nokia)– Possibility to extend with additional
sponsors in the future
• Supporter Members– Open to any company that have an interest
in location services and interoperability
Mix of membership in LIF• Network Operators
– Market Advisory Group (by invitation)– Regular/Others
• Manufacturers
• Application providers
• Content providers
• Legal/Governmental Agencies
• LIF Statement• Summary of the reasoning behind LIF
• LIF Description• Describes the overall objectives and organization. Working
document during discussions and later for promotion of LIF (=this presentation).
• LIF Rules & Procedures• Describes how to run LIF. Obligations and rights of
different member categories. Voting principles etc.
• LIF Membership Agreement• LIF Membership Agreement handling the IPR and
Copyright issues and details about organization• Two “sections” for different member categories
LIF documents
LIF Structure
Working Group
Standards Influencing
MarketAdvisory
Group
LIFManagement
Board
Working Group
Interoperability& Testing
Working Group
IPRs
Working Group
Public Relations
Market Advisory Group• Market Advisory Group will consist of invited
operators and major content providers, who have signed LIF Membership Agreement
• Market Advisory group will guide LIF work in order to ensure, that products and services eventually made by LIF members will satisfy market needs and will be widely adopted.
Public Relations Working Group• A standing committee that will define LIF PR
policy and is responsible for LIF communication to the outside world, e.g. LIF joint press releases, conference presentations, etc.
Standards Influencing WG• Create LIF contributions to Global Standards
and Technical Specifications setting organizations according to directions from the LIF Working Groups and the LIF Management Board
• Internal coordination of technical work• Produce LIF deliverables in the form of
proposals or recommendations to external organizations such as e.g. IETF, 3GPP, W3C, WAP Forum, TR45…...
IPR Ad-Hoc Group• Monitor LIF related IPR situation in order to
ensure, that IPR incorporated in LIF endorsed standards and technical specifications can be made available under 'fair and reasonable' conditions to LIF members.
Interoperability WG• Define recommendations for compliance test
specifications, that need to be created by Global Standards and Technical Specifications setting bodies
• Define appropriate interoperability and accuracy test settings and procedures based on compliance test specifications
• Setup and maintain appropriate facilities for interoperability testing, accuracy testing and demonstrations
LIF Management Board• Approve LIF targets, budget and membership
fees• Approve LIF working procedures and PR
policy• Will decide on changes in Market Advisory
Group • Consist of Founding Members • Will control “essential” and “sensitive”
liaisons to external organizations• Will meet every at least twice a year