an inner self

8/16/2019 an inner self

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KENDRIYA

VIDYALAYA

No. 2,

Pondicherry

University

Campus,

Kalapet,

Puducherry-14


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PHYSICS

INVESTIGATO

RY PROJECT

2013-‘14

DETERMINAT

ION OF


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REFRACTIVE

INDICES OF

VARIOUS

LIQUIDS

USING A

HOLLOW

PRISM


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Guided by,

ubmitted by,

Class !""


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BONA FIDECERTIFICA

TE

"t is hereby tocerti#y that, the

ori$inal and

$enuine


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investi$ation %or&

has been carried

out to investi$ate

about the sub'ectmatter and the

related datacollection and

investi$ation has been completed


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solely, sincerely

and satis#actorily

done by

NAMEo# Class !"",

Kendriya(idyalaya )o*2,

Pondicherry-14,


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re$ardin$ the

pro'ect titled,“REFRACTIVE

INDICES OFVARIOUS

MEDIUMS”

S!"#$%&' o( $)'G%*'


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P&"+#-/

S!"#$%&'

ubmitted #or +"ndia )"./

C.)+/!+")+".)

held on

at


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K)/"+

("+++

)o*2,

P.)"C5//*I"$'&"#- E0#1"'& E0$'&"#-

E0#1"'&


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

he success#ulcompletion o# any

tas& %ould beincomplete

%ithoutmentionin$ the


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names o# those

persons %ho

helped to ma&e it

possible* " ta&e thisopportunity to

e6press my$ratitude in #e%

%ords and respectto all those %ho


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helped me in the

completion o# this

pro'ect* "t is my

humble pleasure toac&no%led$e my

deep senses o#$ratitude to my

Physics teacher,eacher name


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#or her valuable

support, constant

help and $uidanceat each and every

sta$e, %ithout%hich this pro'ect

%ould not havecome #orth* " also


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re$ister my sense

o# $ratitude to our

principal,

M&.&"+#-, #or his immense

encoura$ementthat has made this

pro'ect success#ul*" %ould also li&e to


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than& my #riends

and #amily #or

encoura$in$ me

durin$ the courseo# this pro'ect*

ast, but not theleast, " %ould li&e

to than& C7 #or$ivin$ us the


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opportunity to

underta&e this

pro'ect*


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P&o'+$O3'&3'4+im +pparatus/e8uired heory

Procedure.bservations

Conclusions


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Precautions

7iblio$raphy


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A1o #ind out the

re#ractive indiceso# di##erent li8uids

usin$ a hollo% prism

A#$%/R'5%&'*


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5ollo% $lass

prism

(arious li8uidsli&e %ater, carbon

disulphide, ben9aldehyde etc*


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7ell pins

ra%in$ board


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T)'o&6+ prism is a

transparent opticalelement %ith #lat,

polished sur#acesthat re#ract li$ht*

Prisms can bemade #rom any


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material that is

transparent

includin$ $lass,

plastic and#luorite* + prism

can be used to brea& li$ht up into

its constituentspectral colors*


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Prisms can also be

used to re#lect

li$ht, or to split

li$ht intocomponents %ith

di##erent polari9ations* he

re#ractive inde6 o#the li8uid "s $iven


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by the #ormula:

U;sinid?


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o# prism i;an$le o#

incidence r;an$le

o# re#raction


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P&o+'*%&'

Ai6 a %hite sheet

o# paper on the

dra%in$ board

%ith help o#

dra%in$ pins*


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Keep the prism

and mar& the

outline o# it as+7C*

rop a normal PB

on the side +7*


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ra% the an$le o#

incidence in

accordance %iththe normal PB and

place 2 pins so thatthey appear to be

in the strai$ht line*


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Place the prism

#illed %ith $iven

sample o# li8uid,on the mar&ed

outline +7C*


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)o% ta&e the pins

and place them on

the side +C so that

all the 4 pinsappear to be in

same line*


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/emove the prism

and dra% the line

'oinin$ the points

so obtained*

ar& the dia$ram

as sho%n in the

#i$ure*


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/epeat this %ith

di##erent li8uids

and di##erent an$le

o# incidence*


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O7/'&3#$o"

7en9aldehyde*no a =an$le o#

prism? i =an$le o#incidence? d =an$le

o# deviation?


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1 D0 30 4E 2 D0 3E

42 360 37.5

40

4 D0 3F 42 E D0 40

4E

U;sin==D0>40?


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@ater*no a =an$le o#

prism? i =an$le o#

incidence? d =an$leo# deviation?

1 D0 30 2E 2 D0 3E22 3 D0 40 20 460 45 22


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E D0 E0 2E D D0 EE

2

U;sin==D0>22?


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il* ulphuric+cid*no a =an$le o#

prism? i =an$le o#incidence? d =an$le

o# deviation?


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1 D0 20 33 2 D0 30

30 360 35 25

4 D0 40 2F E D0 4E30

U;sin==D0>2E?


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Co"+-%/o"/e#ractive indices

at roomtemperature:

7en9aldehydeo


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+ctual: 1*E4Do

6perimental:1*E04o

@atero


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+ctual: 1*33o

6perimental:

1*30Do


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il * ulphuric

acido

+ctual: 1*3EEo

6perimental:

1*3E1


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P&'+#%$o"/

+n$le o# incidence

should lie b


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Pins should be

vertically #i6ed

and should lie in

same line*

istance b


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ame an$le o#

prism should be

used #or allobservation*

+rro% head should

be mar&ed to


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represent emer$ent

and incident ray*


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an inner self