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An Innovative, Precise Water Treatment Process that Can Meet or Exceed
Most Discharge Requirements
An Innovative, Precise Water Treatment Process that Can Meet or Exceed
Most Discharge Requirements
BLUE SKYMeans Clean Water
BLUE SKYMeans Clean Water
• Solves Difficult Active or Legacy Contamination Problems
• Produces Results Beyond Capabilities of Currently Accepted Technologies
• Treatment Costs are Similar to Conventional Lime Treatments with Sludge Volumes and Disposal Costs Greatly Reduced
• Solves Difficult Active or Legacy Contamination Problems
• Produces Results Beyond Capabilities of Currently Accepted Technologies
• Treatment Costs are Similar to Conventional Lime Treatments with Sludge Volumes and Disposal Costs Greatly Reduced
Ionic State ModificationIonic State Modification
Alters the chemical and physical properties of metal contaminants within aqueous solutions
1. Pretreat influent when necessary2. Ionic State Modification (ISM) Reactor designed based on the specific
contaminants in the waste stream in order to change the ionic state of targeted metal ions
3. Reactor oxidizes or reduces specific ions with focused, strong electric and magnetic fields
4. As a result, ionic state of contaminants changes to allow precipitation with conventional chemistry
5. Collect post-treatment residue – may have some recycle value6. Pure, clean water is produced that meets discharge standards
Alters the chemical and physical properties of metal contaminants within aqueous solutions
1. Pretreat influent when necessary2. Ionic State Modification (ISM) Reactor designed based on the specific
contaminants in the waste stream in order to change the ionic state of targeted metal ions
3. Reactor oxidizes or reduces specific ions with focused, strong electric and magnetic fields
4. As a result, ionic state of contaminants changes to allow precipitation with conventional chemistry
5. Collect post-treatment residue – may have some recycle value6. Pure, clean water is produced that meets discharge standards
BLUE SKYMill Bull Tunnel Project, 2001-02
BLUE SKYMill Bull Tunnel Project, 2001-02
• Over 51 million gallons treated, just under 2 years of operation• Remote tunnel drilling site on USFS land in El Dorado County; El Dorado Irrigation District Project• Met NPDES permit discharge levels• Chemical Costs - >$.002 per gallon• Sludge Removed – 360 55-gallon barrels; ½ cubic feet / 1000 gallons treated• Electrical Costs - >$25,000 for entire project• Water released into nature at site; No on-site ponding or containment required• Effluent fluctuations of primary metals; Results:
• Over 51 million gallons treated, just under 2 years of operation• Remote tunnel drilling site on USFS land in El Dorado County; El Dorado Irrigation District Project• Met NPDES permit discharge levels• Chemical Costs - >$.002 per gallon• Sludge Removed – 360 55-gallon barrels; ½ cubic feet / 1000 gallons treated• Electrical Costs - >$25,000 for entire project• Water released into nature at site; No on-site ponding or containment required• Effluent fluctuations of primary metals; Results:
UNTREATED AFTER BLUE SKY
Fe ppb 700 - 100,000 300
Mn ppb 240 - 800 50
Al ppb 6,100 - 91,000 87
BLUE SKYLeviathan Mine Bench Tests, 1999
BLUE SKYLeviathan Mine Bench Tests, 1999
ANALYTE UNTREATEDBLUE SKY
DEMETALIIZEDAFTER
TWO-STAGE UNITS
Aluminum (Al) 420,000 2,500 ND<100 PPB
Arsenic (As) 7,000 33 ND<20 PPB
Copper (Cu) 3,500 ND ND<100 PPB
Iron (Fe) 830,000 540 ND<100 PPB
Nickel (Ni) 7,400 ND ND<100 PPB
Sulfate (S04) 5,900 44 PPM
• In 1998, collected and treated four gallons of greatly concentrated AMD samples from #3 pond• Filtering treated AMD produced .825 pounds of 80% moisture metal hydroxide cake• Cake was reduced to .155 pounds or .05 pounds of dry sludge, less than 2 tons of sludge per million
gallons• 3.5 gallons of the 4.25 gallon sample were treated with the membrane device• 2.65 gallons passed through as dischargeable water • .85 gallons of sulfate concentrate bypassed by the unit as a side stream. • Tests of side stream indicated sulfate concentration of 79,700 ppm; concentrate was treated and
converted to 2.2 pounds of an agricultural sulfate product - 2.58 pounds of sulfate material per gallon of concentrate generated
• Blue Sky method would bypass / make obsolete elaborate ponding measures
• In 1998, collected and treated four gallons of greatly concentrated AMD samples from #3 pond• Filtering treated AMD produced .825 pounds of 80% moisture metal hydroxide cake• Cake was reduced to .155 pounds or .05 pounds of dry sludge, less than 2 tons of sludge per million
gallons• 3.5 gallons of the 4.25 gallon sample were treated with the membrane device• 2.65 gallons passed through as dischargeable water • .85 gallons of sulfate concentrate bypassed by the unit as a side stream. • Tests of side stream indicated sulfate concentration of 79,700 ppm; concentrate was treated and
converted to 2.2 pounds of an agricultural sulfate product - 2.58 pounds of sulfate material per gallon of concentrate generated
• Blue Sky method would bypass / make obsolete elaborate ponding measures
BLUE SKYBerkeley Pit – Bench Test, 1996
BLUE SKYBerkeley Pit – Bench Test, 1996
TEST SAMPLE AVG BLUE SKY RESULTS
Al ppm 294 0.03
As ppm 2.6 0.02
Cd ppm 2.5 0.003
Cu ppm 185 0.01
Pb ppm >1.0 0.02
Ni ppm 1.0 0.01
Zn ppm 605.5 0.01
SO4 ppm 10800 100
Conclusions of EPA / DOE / MSE sponsored report
• Dissolved / suspended metals & sulfates reduced by 99.98%• Method able to remediate AMD with environmentally safe chemical reagents• While not to EPA std., sulfate level reduced 1/3 compared to std. chemistry results• Sulfates converted to insoluble anhydrous calcium and magnesium sulfates• Metals and sulfates were removed in separate processes
Conclusions of EPA / DOE / MSE sponsored report
• Dissolved / suspended metals & sulfates reduced by 99.98%• Method able to remediate AMD with environmentally safe chemical reagents• While not to EPA std., sulfate level reduced 1/3 compared to std. chemistry results• Sulfates converted to insoluble anhydrous calcium and magnesium sulfates• Metals and sulfates were removed in separate processes
BLUE SKYMammoth Mine, CA – Bench / Site Testing, 1999
BLUE SKYMammoth Mine, CA – Bench / Site Testing, 1999
• Approx. 100,000 gallons of AMD treated• Produced approx. 150 gallons of de‑watered metal oxide sludge • Initial lab analysis revealed sulfate levels of 1600 ug/l in the
untreated AMD (removed with the metal cake) • Sulfate level of the treated AMD - below 500 ppm• Metal hydroxides and calcium sulfate were precipitated as a
single sludge cake
• Approx. 100,000 gallons of AMD treated• Produced approx. 150 gallons of de‑watered metal oxide sludge • Initial lab analysis revealed sulfate levels of 1600 ug/l in the
untreated AMD (removed with the metal cake) • Sulfate level of the treated AMD - below 500 ppm• Metal hydroxides and calcium sulfate were precipitated as a
single sludge cake
UNTREATED TREATED
Aluminum ug/l 58000 620
Cadmium ug/l 110 ND>1
Copper ug/l 5100 95
Lead ug/l 41 ND>5
Manganese ug/l 4400 20
Zinc ug/l 26000 240
Sulfate ug/l 1600 460
BLUE SKYIron Mountain – Bench Test, 1998
BLUE SKYIron Mountain – Bench Test, 1998
• AMD unusually high in copper - most in the Cu+1 ionic state; Cu+1 was oxidized to Cu+2 prior to hydroxide precipitation
• Very high levels of three other toxic metals: arsenic, cadmium and nickel; had to raise the effluent pH above 9.5 for the formation of insoluble metal hydroxides
• Demetallized AMD put through a second treatment stage for the reduction of residual sulfates
• Two-stage treated water exceeded drinking water standards for heavy metals and significantly reduced sulfate levels
• AMD unusually high in copper - most in the Cu+1 ionic state; Cu+1 was oxidized to Cu+2 prior to hydroxide precipitation
• Very high levels of three other toxic metals: arsenic, cadmium and nickel; had to raise the effluent pH above 9.5 for the formation of insoluble metal hydroxides
• Demetallized AMD put through a second treatment stage for the reduction of residual sulfates
• Two-stage treated water exceeded drinking water standards for heavy metals and significantly reduced sulfate levels
TEST CRITERIA TARGET LEVELS UNTREATED 1st TREATMENT 2nd TREATMENT
EPA 200.7 Al > 50 ppb 294,000 ppb ND ND
EPA 200.8 As > 2 ppb 2,600 ppb 11 ND
EPA 200.9 Cd > 10 ppb 2,500 ppb ND ND
EPA 200.7 Cu > 50 ppb 185,000 ppb ND ND
EPA 200.7 Pb > 500 ppb >1,000 ppb ND ND
EPA 200.7 Ni > 10 ppb 1,000 ppb ND ND
EPA 200.7 Zn > 50 ppb 550,000 ppb ND ND
EPA 300.0 SO4 > 50 ppm 29,500 ppm 27,000 53 ppm
Recent Bench TestsRecent Bench Tests
Closed Northern CA Gold MineNovember 2007
Preliminary Results
Closed Northern CA Gold MineNovember 2007
Preliminary Results
Acceptable Raw Samples Bench Test
Discharge Levels Untreated ppb 1st Treatment
Arsenic 0.01 BP 110 ND
Cobalt 620 ND
Iron 1.0 4 day avg USEPA ND ND
Manganese 0.05 BP 1300 ND
Nickel 52 ug/L USEPA 6000 ND
Zinc 0.016 BP 210 ND
Sulfates 250 USEPA 10000 1600
Benefits / AdvantagesBenefits / Advantages
• Flexible flow rates - from 5 gpm to 1k gpm
• Small footprint for remote sites or large fixed facilities at accessible, high volume sites
• Drastically reduces metal sludge and other post-treatment residues – like calcium sulfate
• Saves money on additives, power and sludge handling costs
• Can operate 24/7, 365, all-weather with minimal staff
• Flexible flow rates - from 5 gpm to 1k gpm
• Small footprint for remote sites or large fixed facilities at accessible, high volume sites
• Drastically reduces metal sludge and other post-treatment residues – like calcium sulfate
• Saves money on additives, power and sludge handling costs
• Can operate 24/7, 365, all-weather with minimal staff
UsesWherever there’s contaminated water
UsesWherever there’s contaminated water
• Industrial– metal shops, light industry, recyclables
• Construction– bridges, hydroelectric, buildings, tunneling, reclamation
• Acid Mine Drainage– Copper, Zinc, Lead, Silver and other acid-metal mine effluents, etc.
• Specialties– emergencies, floods, remote/portable
• Difficult or Mixed Waste Streams– MTBE, selenium, arsenic, complex organic compounds
• Industrial– metal shops, light industry, recyclables
• Construction– bridges, hydroelectric, buildings, tunneling, reclamation
• Acid Mine Drainage– Copper, Zinc, Lead, Silver and other acid-metal mine effluents, etc.
• Specialties– emergencies, floods, remote/portable
• Difficult or Mixed Waste Streams– MTBE, selenium, arsenic, complex organic compounds
BLUE SKYMeans Clean Water
BLUE SKYMeans Clean Water
• Proven • Reliable • Effective • Safe
• Proven • Reliable • Effective • Safe
Contact - Bill WhitesideBlue Sky Water Technologies, Inc.
blueskytechnologies.biz
Contact - Bill WhitesideBlue Sky Water Technologies, Inc.
blueskytechnologies.biz
