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www.geotecnia.unb.br/gpfees An Introduction to Anchored Retaining Structures Summer Term 2015 Hochschule Munchen Fakultat Bauingenieurwesen

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Page 1: An Introduction to Anchored Retaining Structures - hm · PDF fileAn Introduction to Anchored Retaining Structures Summer Term 2015 Hochschule Munchen ... Flexible Walls (cantilever

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An Introduction to Anchored Retaining Structures

Summer Term 2015 Hochschule Munchen

Fakultat Bauingenieurwesen

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LAYOUT

Selection of Alternatives

Active Anchors

Examples and Considerations

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SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES

[Auswahl von Alternativen]

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Introduction [Einführung]

Project Involves: [Ein Projekt umfaßt:] • Diagnosis [Diagnose] • Therapy or Solution [Therapie oder Lösung] • Monitoring [Überwachung]

[investigation = untersuchung]

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5

Soil Slopes

[Änderung des Böschungs-

profils]

[Dränage und

Oberflächen-

schutz]

[Mauern bzw. Gewichtswände]

[Rückverankerte

Wände]

[mit Geokunststoffen

bewehrte Wände]

[Bodenvernagelung]

[Bild 3:

Böschungen,

Alternativen zur

Erhöhung der

Standsicherheit]

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[Baugruben]

[Auffüllungen]

[Änderung des

Böschungsprofils]

[Abflachen]

[Bermen oder

Absätze]

Dränage

u. Ober-

Flächen-

schutz

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Common Solutions for Soil Slopes Rigid Walls (gravity walls) [Feste Wände (Gewichtswände)] • Masonry or Earth walls [Mauerwand oder Erdwall] • Cyclopic wall [Zyklopenmauer (Mauer aus großen Gesteinsbrocken)]

• Gabions [Gabionenwände (Wände aus mit Gestein verfüllten Drahtkäfigen)] • Evrth. combined with anchoring system [Alle Arten kombiniert mit Ankersystem]

Flexible Walls (cantilever and counterfort walls) [Flexible Wände als Stützwände]

• L or inverted T shaped [geformt wie ein Loder ein umgekehrtes T]

• Fixed or not by steel bolts in rock surface [befestigt oder nicht mit Stahlankern an der Felsoberkante]

• Fixed or not by steel bolts in cyclopic bases • Combined with anchoring system Other Techniques • Shotcrete or steel meshes [Spritzbeton und Stahlnetze bzw. –gitter]

• Re-slope and vegetation [Umgestaltung des Böschungsprofils und Vegetation]

• Drainage systems [Dränagesysteme]

• Sheetpiling or anchored “curtain” walls [Spuncdwände oder verankerte Futtermauern]

[Häufige Lösungen ...]

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Other Possible Solutions Rigid Walls (gravity walls)

• Reinforced earth walls [Bewehrte Erdwände] with or without geosynthetics

• “Crib walls” [“Steinkistenwände” (= Gabionenwände)]

• Diaphragm walls [Zweischalige Mauerwerkswand]

• “False” tunnels

Rosa (1995) Georio Handouts

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Aspects to be taken on account: • Drainage • Re-sloping • Access and means of transportation • Slope height • Tieback walls • Soil nailing • Soil reinforcement

[Gesichtspunkte, die zu berücksichtigen sind: • Dränage • Änderung des Böschungsprofils • Zugang und Transportmittel • Böschungshöhe • Rückverankerte Wände • Bodenvernagelung • Bodenertüchtigung]

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Slopes with a Rock to Soil Interface [Böschungen (Hänge) mit einer Fels-Lockerboden-Schichtgrenze]

Concernment of:

• Talus formation

• Blocks and boulders

• Drainage

[Berücksichtigung von:

• Geröllbildung

• Felsbrocken und -blöcke

• Dränage (Entwässerung)]

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Rock Slopes and Rockfall [Felshänge und Steinfall]

[Fels-

Hänge]

[Eigenschaften: Lage

Steilheit

Risiko

Volumen und Form der Felsbrocken

Gefüge

Gesteinskunde (Petrographie)

Verwitterung]

[Entwurfsent-

Scheidung]

[Beseitigung des

Problems

Stabilisierung

Gefahrenminderung]

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Elimination

[Sprengen und

Zerkleinerung von

Felsbrocken]

[Verlegung des

Bauwerkes]

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Stabilization

[Anker

u. Dübel]

[Bermen]

[Verfüllen von

Zugrissen]

[Oberflächen-

Sicherung]

[Dränage]

[mit Beton-

Stützscheiben]

[mit Beton-

balkenraster]

[Spritz-

Beton]

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Hazard reduction [(Fall-Energie ver-

brauchende Bermen]

[Barrieren und

Auffangmauern]

[Stahlnetze]

[Auffanggraben]

[Tunnelgallerie]

[flexible

Barrieren]

[Mauern]

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Common Solutions for Rock Slopes More Common Types

• Anchored grids or plates [Rückverankerte Gitter oder Platten]

• Anchored or steel bolted buttresses [Verankerte oder verdübelte Stützpfeiler]

• Anchored beams or “dental” dowels [Rückverankerte Balken]

• Bolting or anchoring of isolated slabs and boulders [… von einzelnen Betonplatten oder Felsbrocken]

• Evrth. combined with rigid or flexible steel mesh system

• Impact cantilever walls, with anchored or bolted counterforts

• Anchored curtain walls

Other Techniques

• Shotcrete or steel meshes

• Re-slope and vegetation

• Drainage systems

• Root piles [Wurzelpfähle]

Rosa (1995) Georio Handouts

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ACTIVE ANCHORS

[Aktive Anker]

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Anchors Elements: • Head [Ankerkopf] • Bonded length (lb) [Verbundlänge]

• Free length (lf) [Freispiellänge]

• Centralisers [Abstandhalter]

• Grouting tubes [Verpressrohre]

Characteristics:

•Standard NBR 5629

•Double water protection (lb)

•Plastic or resin protection (lb)

•Anti corrosion protection (all)

•Smooth plastic casing (lf)

[weiches Plastikhüllrohr]

•Centralizers each 2m

•Manchette valves for grouting

[Manschettenventile zum Ver-

Pressen]

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EXAMPLES

&

OVERALL CONSIDERATIONS

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Examples

Tieback Anchored Walls

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Anchored Counterforts

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Gabions

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Anchored Impact Walls and Grids

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Anchored Buttresses combined to drainage and sprayed concrete

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Large Scale Drainage of Valleys

Risky Areas

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Anchored Impact Walls

Isolate Anchors to Slabs

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Steel Meshes

Anchored Inclined Beams

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Risky Areas & Accidents

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Old exploration quarry (soil) problem

Paquetá Island – Rio de Janeiro

State

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Geological Model & Topography 42/50

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Access Problems 43/50

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Re-Sloping or Landscaping 44/50

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Multiple Solutions 45/50

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Excavations and Trenches for Garage Space 46/50

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Highways or Railways 47/50

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Alternative Executive Sequence 48/50

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A “non engineering”, but

psychologically effective, retaining

structure

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REFERENCES

• Ortigão & Sayão (2004). Handbook of Slope Stabilisation, Springer, New York, 478 p.

• Hunt, R. E. (1986). Geotechnical Engineering Techniques and Practices, McGraw Hill, New York, 729 p.

• Personal pictures.

• Internet pages.

• Executive Design projects from ACRosa Engenharia de Consultoria Ltda., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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