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QCADAn Introduction to Computer-
Aided Design (CAD)
Andrew Mustun
TrademarksAll mentioned trademarks are trademarks of their respective holder.
Copyright © 2008-2016 by RibbonSoft, GmbH; Andrew Mustun
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permissionof the publisher.
Mustun, AndrewQCAD - An Introduction to Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, butmake no express or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility forerrors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damagesin connection with or arising out of the use of the information contained herein.RibbonSoft, GmbH reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it sees fit.This publication describes the state of QCAD at the time of its publication, and maynot reflect the product at all times in the future.
Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction 7
Introduction 8Target Audience 8Structure of 9How to use this Book 10Prerequisites 10From Manual Drafting to CAD 11
Part II: First Steps with QCAD 15
Introducing the QCAD Application 16The First Start 16The Application Window 16
Using CAD Tools 19The CAD Toolbar 19Starting Tools 20Correcting Mistakes 21The Neutral State of QCAD 21Hands-on: Drawing a Rectangle 22Hands-on: A Line through the Middle 24Hands-on: Printing a Drawing 25Closing QCAD 26
Part III: Basic CAD Concepts 27
Viewing 28The Viewing Tools 28Hands-on: Zooming in and out 28Hands-on: Panning 30Hands-on: Auto Zoom 31Hands-on: Window Zoom 31Notes 33Exercises 34
Layers 35What are Layers? 35Layers, Groups and Blocks 36
Example Uses for Layers 37The Layer List 38Layers and Line 38Hands-on: Using Layers 39
Precision 45Precision in CAD 45The Importance of Being Precise 45Precision Techniques 46Exercises 46
Snap Tools 47What are Snap Tools? 47Snap Restrictions 55Exercises 57
Coordinates 58The Cartesian Coordinate System 58Absolute Cartesian Coordinates 60Relative Cartesian Coordinates 60Absolute Polar Coordinates 61Relative Polar Coordinates 61Notes 62Hands-on: Drawing a Triangle from Three AbsoluteCoordinates
62
Notes for Advanced Users 63Hands-on: Drawing a Shape Using Relative Coordinates 64Hands-on: Drawing a Shape Using Absolute PolarCoordinates
65
Hands-on: Drawing a Rhombus Using Relative PolarCoordinates
67
Exercises 69
Part IV: Drawing and Editing with QCAD 71
Drawing Tools 72Choosing a Drawing Tool 72Preparations before Drawing 73Line Tools 73Arc Tools 84Circle Tools 90
Ellipse Tools 96Spline Tools 98Polyline Tools 102Shape Tools 109
Selection and Modification 114Introduction 114Modification Tools Which Operate on a Selection 114Modification Tools Which Operate without a Selection 115Basic Selection Tools 116Advanced Selection Tools 119Basic Modification Tools 125Advanced Modification Tools 135
The Property Editor 166Filtering Entity Types 169
Measuring Tools 172Introduction 172
Texts 176Texts in CAD 176Fonts 176Text Height 177Creating Text Entities 177Subscript and Superscript 179
Dimensions 181What Are Dimensions? 181The Parts of a Dimension 182Dimension Preferences 183Creating Dimensions 184Choosing a Different Text Label 194Moving the Text Label 198Moving Reference Points 199Stretching Dimensions 200
Hatches and Solid Fills 202What Are Hatches? 202What Are Solid Fills? 203Creating Hatches and Solid Fills 203
Part V: Blocks 209
Creating and Using Blocks 210What is a Block? 210The Block List 212Creating New Blocks 213Inserting Blocks 215Modifying Blocks 217Deleting Blocks 219Exploding Block References 220
Part VI: Import, Export and Printing 221
Import 222Bitmap Import 222SVG Import 224
Export 225Exporting Drawings 225Bitmap Export 225SVG Export 227PDF Export 228DXF Export 229
Printing 230Printing a Drawing 230Printing a Drawing to Scale 232
Part VII: Projections 235
Orthographic Projections 236Views of an Object 236Local Standards 237Drawing Techniques 239Hands-on: Orthographic Projections 242Exercises 253
Isometric Projections 255What are Isometric Projections? 255Creating Isometric Projections 256The Scale of Isometric Projections 260
Part II
First Steps with QCAD
Using CAD Tools Chapter 3
22
Alternatively, you can also click the right button of your mouse to return back to the neutral statestep by step. Depending how far you have progressed with a tool, you might have to click the rightmouse button more than once to fully return to the neutral state. The same can also be achievedby hitting the Escape key on your keyboard a multiple times.
Hands-on: Drawing a Rectangle
The following instructions guide you through the complete procedure of drawing a simple rec-tangle. You will probably not yet understand all steps involved but it is crucial that you success-fully complete these steps since all CAD tools work in a similar way like the rectangle tool.
Figure 3-3: Choosing the CAD tools for draw-ing rectangles and activating the Snap to grid tool.
1. Launch QCAD if it is not already running. QCAD shows its application window andcreates a new, empty drawing.
2. Before you start drawing anything, save this empty drawing to a file on your disk. To doso, choose the menu File - Save As...The dialog for saving a drawing is shown. The dialog automatically suggests a locationfor your file. This location is usually not a bad place to start with. You might wantto use a sub-folder drawings in this location instead, but to keep things simple thefollowing steps assume that you use this default location for saving your drawing.
3. Type the filename example into the input field with the label File name, then click theSave button to save the empty drawing. The dialog window closes and you are nowready to start drawing.Although is is not necessary to first save the empty drawing, it is good practice to do soas it forces you to think about where you want to store the file before you start drawing.
4. Move your mouse cursor to the shape button as shown in Figure 3-3 at the left (1). Clickthe left mouse button to show the shape tools (2).
5. Click the button with a rectangle on it as shown in Figure 3-3 (2). QCAD now knowsthat you intend to draw a rectangle and shows the CAD toolbar with the snap tools.
6. Click the button with a grid on it as shown in Figure 3-3 (3).7. Move the mouse cursor around in the drawing area. There are two things to notice:
• The mouse cursor has changed its shape and is now shown as a pair of cross hairs.• There is a small yellow circle that follows the mouse cursor around whenever
you move it. This circle is not positioned exactly under the mouse cursor. It‘snaps’ always to the grid point in the drawing area that is the closest to the mousecursor.This yellow circle indicates what position QCAD is currently working with. Theexact position of the crosshair mouse cursor is irrelevant to QCAD as long as the
Part II First Steps with QCAD
23
yellow circle is in the correct place. In the previous step you have chosen to usethe grid for positioning (Snap to grid). QCAD is now automatically restricting theoptions for choosing a position to the grid points.
8. Click somewhere into the drawing area. A little red circle with a cross appears at theclosest grid point as shown here:
You have now set the first corner of the rectangle you are about to draw. If you movethe mouse cursor around in the drawing area, you will see that QCAD draws a rectanglefrom the chosen position to the grid point that is closest to the mouse cursor as shownbelow:
Note that this rectangle is not yet part of your drawing and keeps changing wheneveryou move the mouse. This is called a preview. QCAD uses these previews to show youwhat would be drawn if you would click the mouse button at this point.
9. Move the mouse cursor until the rectangle that is shown is three grid spacings wide andtwo grid spacings high. Your rectangle should look like that one in the figure above.
10. Click the left mouse button to set the second corner of the rectangle. This leaves youwith a drawing that looks like this:
The rectangle that is shown now, is a part of your drawing.11. QCAD is ready to draw the next rectangle and waits for the first corner of the next
rectangle. Since we don't want to draw more rectangles, we will terminate this tool now.To do so, click the right mouse button twice. If you don't have a right mouse button,press the Escape or Esc key on your keyboard twice. The mouse cursor is back tonormal and the CAD toolbar shows the same tools as it did after starting QCAD. Your
Using CAD Tools Chapter 3
24
rectangle should still be visible. If that is not the case, you did something wrong andyou need to carefully repeat the steps 4 to 10.
12. Save your drawing by choosing the menu File - Save.
In the example you have just completed, you have used a tool called Snap to grid. As a result, thecorners of the rectangle are exactly aligned to the grid points. Snap tools are a central concept ofany CAD system and there are many other snap tools you will get to know later in this book.
Hands-on: A Line through the Middle
To emphasize the importance of snap tools, we will now extend our drawing with a vertical linethat separates the rectangle in two equal halves.
Vertical means that the line extends from a first point to another point directly under or above it.In our case, the line starts in the middle of the top line of the rectangle and ends in the middle ofthe bottom line. The top and bottom lines of the rectangle are horizontal, that means they extendfrom left to right. You can easily remember what horizontal means by thinking that the horizon atthe seaside looks horizontal.
Note that there are no grid dots at the center of the top and the bottom line of the rectangle. Forthis line we will have to use a different snap tool.
Figure 3-4: Choosing the CAD tool for drawing lines with twopoints and changing the snap tool to Snap to middle points.
1. Choose the Line Tools button again from the CAD toolbar as shown in Figure 3-4 (1).2. This time, select the tool Line from 2 Points (2).3. Click the button Middle (3). This activates the snap tool to snap to middle points of lines
and arcs. Note that only one snap tool can be active at any time.4. Move the mouse cursor around in the drawing area like we did before with the grid
snaptool. As you can see, the yellow circle no longer jumps from grid point to gridpoint. Instead it now only shows up in four different positions which are the middlepoints of the four lines that form the rectangle. One such possibility is shown here:
Coordinates Chapter 8
58
Chapter 8
Coordinates
Objective
In this chapter, you will
• learn what coordinates are,• get to know the different types of coordinates QCAD supports,• learn how to define positions by entering coordinates.
The Cartesian Coordinate System
In the previous chapters you have already seen and used the drawing area of QCAD. Like a sheetof paper, the drawing area is a flat area onto which you can draw something.
When working with a CAD system, you will often be confronted with the coordinate system ofthe drawing area. A coordinate system uniquely defines each point in the drawing area and inyour drawing. If you point with a pen to any position in the drawing area, that position has aunique coordinate that defines where this point is in the drawing.
By far the most commonly used coordinate system is the Cartesian coordinate system. A coor-dinate system is not something that is given by nature. Coordinate systems were defined once bysomeone (in this case René Descartes in 1637) to define a standard for specifying the position ofa point on a two dimensional surface. The Cartesian coordinate system is not only used in CADapplications but in many areas of mathematics, physics and engineering.
The Cartesian coordinate system is based on two axes that are at right angles (orthogonal) to eachother. The horizontal axis is commonly called the X-axis while the vertical one is called the Y-axis as shown in Figure 8-1.
Part III Basic CAD Concepts
59
Figure 8-1: The coordinate axes of the Cartesian coordinate system.
The origin of the coordinate system is the point where the X and the Y axes cross each other. Thispoint is also referred to as the absolute zero point or just absolute zero.
Both axes have a direction. The X-axis is directed to the right and the Y-axis upwards. This isnot necessarily a logical choice, it was simply defined this way. As you can see in Figure 8-1, theaxes are divided into smaller sections, each one unit long.
Any particular position can be described by its distance from the origin in X-direction and in Y-direction. For example the position of the point P in Figure 8-2 is 3 units away from the originin X-direction and 2 units away from the origin in Y-direction. Or, to use the correct notation,the point P is located at (3,2). This notation in brackets indicates the location of a point as a pairof an X-distance and a Y-distance (X,Y).
Figure 8-2: The location of the point P can be noted as (3,2) where 3 is the dis-tance to the origin in X-direction and 2 is the distance to the origin in Y-direction.
If a point is located left of the origin, its X-coordinate turns negative. If it is located below theorigin, its Y-coordinate turns negative. Figure 8-3 shows some points in the Cartesian coordinatesystem and their (X,Y) notation. The (X,Y) notation for the origin is (0,0).
Part IV Drawing and Editing with QCAD
73
Preparations before DrawingBefore you draw anything you should set up the layers of your drawing as described in a previouschapter. The drawing tools of QCAD always draw all objects on the layer that is currently active.After creating a new empty drawing, spend some time to think about the layers you will be usingfor your drawing and create them. Whenever you are about to draw something, have a look atthe layer list at the right to make sure that you are on the correct layer. It can be helpful to assigndifferent colors to different layers, so you immediately realize that something is wrong if youdraw on the wrong layer.
Line Tools
Menu: Draw > LineKeycode: WL
QCAD offers a variety of tools for drawing lines. They are all available in the CAD toolbar ofQCAD after clicking the line button shown in Figure shows the CAD toolbar with the varioustools for drawing lines.Note that you can click the button at the top with the left arrow to return to the main menu.
Figure 9-2: The CAD toolbar showing the drawing tools for drawing lines.
Line from two Points
Menu: Draw > Line > Line from 2 PointsKeycode: LI
With this tool you can draw a single line by directly defining its start point and end point. It isalso possible to draw a series of connected lines.
Drawing Tools Chapter 9
74
Drawing a single line
1. Click the start point of the line.2. Click the end point of the line.3. Terminate the tool by clicking the right mouse button twice or by pressing the Escape
key on your keyboard twice.
Figure 9-3: Example for drawing a single line with startpoint and endpoint.
Drawing a series of connected lines
1. Click the start point of the first line.2. Click the end point of the first / next line. Repeat this until you have drawn all
connected lines you want to draw.3. Terminate the tool by clicking the right mouse button twice or by hitting the Escape key
on your keyboard twice.
Figure 9-4: Example for drawing a series of connected lines.
Drawing a series of disconnected lines
1. Click the start point of the first / next line.2. Click the end point of the first / next line.3. Click the right mouse button once or hit the Escape key on your keyboard once.4. Repeat steps 1-3 until you are finished with drawing lines.5. Terminate the tool by clicking the right mouse button twice or by hitting the Escape key
on your keyboard twice.
Part IV Drawing and Editing with QCAD
75
Figure 9-5: Example for drawing a series of disconnected lines.
Line with fixed Angle
Menu: Draw > Line > Line from AngleKeycode: LA
This tool lets you draw lines at a fixed angle. The length of the line can be specified and you canchoose if you want to position the line by defining its start point, middle point or end point.When you are using this tool, you will often find that the length of the line is irrelevant at firstand can be better adjusted later using a trim tool.Usage
1. Enter the angle of the line in the options toolbar. Type a length for the line and choosehow you want to position it.
2. Click the position of the line. You can also repeat this to place more than one line withthe same angle or change the angle in the options toolbar at any time.
3. Terminate the tool by clicking the right mouse button twice or by hitting the Escape keyon your keyboard twice.
Table 9-1 shows three example uses of this tool.
Table 9-1 Line with Fixed AngleTool options Click point and constructed line
Angle: 30Length: 20Snap Point: Start
Angle: 45Length: 30Snap Point: Middle
Angle: 60Length: 20Snap Point: End
Selection and Modification Chapter 10
156
Rounding Corners (Fillet)
Menu: Modify > RoundKeycode: RN
This tool is used to round corners. It works very similarly to the chamfering tool.
Usage1. Start the round tool.
2. Enter the radius of the rounding in the options toolbar.Make sure that the Trim check box is ticked if you want to automatically trim the cornerlines to the rounding.For this example, we want to create a rounding with a radius of 4.5 units with trimmingenabled:
3. Pick the first entity that forms the corner you want to round.In our example, we click the top line of the rectangle as the first line of the top rightcorner which we want to round:
4. Move the mouse cursor to the second line of the corner. QCAD shows a preview of therounding you are about to create. At this point it is important to place the mouse cursorat the correct side of the line since there are two roundings possible.If you place the mouse cursor somewhat to the right of the vertical line, an alternativerounding is shown:
Move the mouse cursor somewhat to the left of the vertical line to show the roundingwe want to create:
5. Click the left mouse button when the preview shows the correct rounding.
Part IV Drawing and Editing with QCAD
157
6. QCAD creates an arc that is tangential to the two chosen lines and trims the lines to thearc as shown here:
7. The other corners can be rounded in the same way:
Dividing Entities
Menu: Modify > DivideKeycode: DI
This tool divides (or cuts) an entity at a given point. You can for example divide a line into twoparts. The division point must be on the entity and is in most cases an intersection point withanother entity.
Entities often have to be divided to change the line style in the middle of an entity or to formclosed contours for hatching or solid fills.
In the example in Figure , the original shape of a mechanical part before bending is shown witha dash-dot-dot line in the view at the bottom.
Figure 10-14: Lines often need to be divided to apply dif-ferent layers or line styles to the two separate parts.
Usage1. Start the dividing tool:
Index
262
Index
Symbols45 degree line 251@ 60
AAbsolute Cartesian coordinates 60Absolute polar coordinates 61Absolute zero point 58Accuracy 11
definition 45vs. precision 45
Add layer 39Add node 104Advanced modification tools 135Align 164Aligned dimension 185Angle
direction 61measuring 174
Angle between lines 174Angle dimension 193Append node 105Application window 16Arc
3 points 87center, point, angles 85concentric 88,89offset 89tangential 89two points and angle 86two points and radius 85
Arc tools 84Architectural 184Architectural ticks 184Area
measuring 174Arrowheads 182,183Attributes 39,44Auto snap 245Auto zoom 31Automatic Zoom
after loading 28Automation 12Autosnap 48Auxiliary lines 13,245Axes 58
BB-Splines 98Bamboo 10Basic modification tools 125Bevel 154Bézier splines 98Bisector 76
Bitmap Export 225Bitmaps 222Block
break up 220change 217creation 213delete 219edit 217explode 220inserting 215list 212modify 217remove 219
Block insert 210Block List 212Block reference 210Blocks 36,210BMP
export 225import 222
Boundary of a hatch 203Break out segment 158Break out Segment 243Break up 160Break up block reference 220Break up reference 220
CCAD
generic CAD 8in general 8vs. manual drafting 11
CAD toolbar 19drawing tools 72
Cartesian coordinate system 58Cartesian coordinates 48,60Chair example 236Chamfer 154Change block 217Circle
3 points 94center, point 91center, radius 92concentric 94,95offset 95two opposite points 93two points and radius 92with center, point 245
Circle tools 90Circumference
measuring 174Clockwise 61Closed shape
selection of 122Closing QCAD 26Color 39Command line
hiding of 18Concentric 89,95Construction 72Construction lines 13
Index
263
Contourselection of 122
Control points 98Coordinate entry 46Coordinate system 58
absolute Cartesian coordinates 60absolute polar coordinates 61absolute zero 58angle 61axes 58Cartesian coordinates 60negative coordinates 60origin 58polar coordinates 61,61relative Cartesian coordinates 60relative polar coordinates 61relative zero point 60,61
Coordinates 48,58Copy 125,135Copy and rotate 143Correcting mistakes 21Counter-clockwise 61Creating Block 213Creating drawing objects 72Cut 125,157Cut segment 158
DDecimal 184Degree
of spline 98Degrees 61Delete 125
polyline nodes 105polyline segments 106
Delete block 219Delete small entities 163Deselect
area 121,121closed shape 122connected entities 122contour 122intersected 123layer 124polygon 121polygonal area 121rectangular area 121window 121
Deselect all 120Deselect everything 120Detect zero length entities 163Diameter dimension 192Diameter symbol 195Dice example 238Dimension
aligned 185angle 193architectural 184architectural ticks 184arrowheads 183arrows 184
custom text 194decimal 184diameter 192diameter symbol 195dimension line 182drawing of 184engineering 184extension lines 183fixed text label 195format 184fractional 184horizontal 188label 182leader 190linear 186moving reference points 199moving text label 198option toolbar 194ordinate 188precision 184preferences 183,184prefix 195radius 191symbols 196text 182,194tolerances 196tools 184vertical 188
Dimensions 181and precision 11arrowheads 182parts of 182text 182
Direction of angles 61Distance
measuring 173,173Distance between points 173Distance to entity 173Divide 157Divide 2 158Draw
arc 84circle 90dimension 181ellipse 96,96ellipse arc 97line 22,24,73polyline 102,103shape 109spline 98
Drawingarea 58preparations 73
Drawing area 17Drawing preferences
dimension settings 183Drawing scale 12,230Drawing tools 72Duplicate entities 163DXF export 229
Index
264
EEdit
bevel 154break out segment 158,243break up 160bring to front 162chamfer 154copy 125,135copy and rotate 143cut 125,157cut segment 158delete 125divide 157divide 2 158explode 160fillet 156flip 141lengthen 151mirror 141move 133,135move and rotate 143move object grip 130move object handle 130move reference point 130paste 125polar duplicate 145redo 21remove 125reset 21rotate 138rotate and counter-rotate 145rounding 156scale 140send to back 162split 160stretching 152text 161translate 135translate and rotate 143trim 147trim both 150undo 21
Edit block 217Editing
advanced 135basic 125
Efficiency 13Ellipse 96Ellipse arc 97Ellipse tools 96Engineering 184Equal parts 160Equidistant polyline 107Escape 22Examples
chair 236dice 238
Explode 160Explode block reference 220Explode reference 220
Export 225Bitmaps 225BMP 225DXF 229JPEG 225PDF 228PNG 225SVG 227
Extend 147,151,243Extension lines 183
FFile
dialog 22open 28PDF export 228quit 26save 22save as 22
Fillet 156First-angle projection 237Fit points 98Fit to page 230Flip 141Format of dimension text 184Fractional 184Freehand line 83Front View 245
GGIF
import 222Graphics tablet 10Grid 22
dots 17Grips 130
of dimensions 199Groups 36,210GUI 17
application window 16
HHandles 130
of dimensions 199Hardware
mouse 10requirements 10screen 10
Hatchtool 203
Hatches 202boundary 203creation of 203
Hide all layers 250Horizontal dimension 188Horizontal lines 251
Index
265
IImages 222Import
bitmaps 222Info 172
angle 174circumference 174distance 173,173length 174total length 174
Insert 210Insert block 215Introduction 8Invert selection 121ISO standard
first-angle projection 237Isometric projections 255
JJPEG
export 225import 222
KKnots 98
LLabel of dimensions 182Landscape 230Layer
add 39attributes 39,44color 39linetype 39name 39select 124width 39
Layer attributes 44Layer list
hiding of 18Layer selection 124Layers 35
hide all 250preparing 73show all 251
Leader 190Length
measuring 174Lengthen 151,243Line
45 degree 251auxiliary 13bisector 76freehand 83
from two points 73horizontal 76,251offset 77,78orthogonal 81parallel 77,78point, tangent to circle 245polygon 110,111rectangle 22relative angle 82tangent 79,80tools 22vertical 76with angle 75,251with two points 24
Line tools 73Linear dimension 186Linetype 39Linetypes 38Local standards 237
MMac OS X
mouse 10Manual drafting 11Measuring
angle 174area 174circumference 174distance 173,173length 174total length 174
Measuring tools 172Menu
usage 18Middle mouse button 30Mirror 141Mistakes
correction of 21Model
scale 12Modification 114
CAD vs. manual drafting 11properties 166
Modification toolsadvanced 135basic 125
Modify 125,135align 164bevel 154break out segment 158,243break up 160bring to front 162chamfer 154copy 135copy and rotate 143cut 157cut segment 158delete 125Detect Duplicates 163Detect Zero-Length Entities 163divide 157
Index
266
divide 2 158explode 160extend 243fillet 156flip 141lengthen 151,243mirror 141move 133,135move and rotate 143Offset 107polar duplicate 145remove 125reverse 161rotate 138rotate and counter-rotate 145round 245rounding 156scale 140send to back 162split 160stretching 152text 161translate 135translate and rotate 143trim 147trim both 150
Modify block 217Mouse 10
middle button 30Mouse cursor 22Mouse wheel 10,28Move 133,135Move and rotate 143
NNegative coordinates 60Neutral state 21NURBS 98
OObject grips 130
of dimensions 199Object handles 130
of dimensions 199Object snap 47Offset 107
arc 89circle 95line 77,78
Offset polyline 107Oops 21Open drawing 28Ordinate dimension 188Origin 58Orthogonal 81Orthographic projections 236
drawing techniques 239
PPan zoom 30Panning 30Parallel 77,78Paste 125PDF export 228Pen 10Photographs 222Planning 14PNG
export 225import 222
Polar coordinates 48,61,61Polar duplicate 145Polygon 110,111,112,112
center, side 112side, side 112
Polylineadd node 104append node 105delete node 105delete segments 106draw 103equidistant 107from segments 104offset 107trim segments 107
Polyline tools 102Portrait 230Precision 11,45
angle entry 46coordinate entry 46definition 45distance entry 46factor entry 46snap tools 46techniques 46vs. accuracy 45
Prefix 195Preparations
before drawing 73Prerequisites 10Preview 22Print preview 230Printing 25,230Projections
first-angle projection 237isometric 255orthographic 236third-angle projection 237
Properties 166Property editor 166Proportional scaling 140
QQCAD
application window 16download 10
Index
267
getting QCAD 10web site 10
RRadius dimension 191Raster files 222Rectangle 22,109Rectangle with Size 110Red circle 60Redo 21Reference 210Reference points 130
of dimensions 199Relative Cartesian coordinates 48,60Relative polar coordinates 48,61Relative zero point 60,61Remove block 219Repetitive work 12Requirements 10Reset 21Reverse 161Right mouse button 22Rotate 138Rotate and counter-rotate 145Rotational symmetry 12Rounding 156,245
SSave 22Save as 22Scale 140
of a drawing 12printing 12proportional 140
Scriptingautomation with 12
Scroll bars 30Select
area 121,121closed shape 122connected entities 122contour 122deselect all 120deselect everything 120intersected 123invert selection 121layer 124polygon 121polygonal area 121rectangular area 121select all 120select everything 120window 121
Select invert 121Selection 114,116
advanced 119in neutral state 116
Selection tools 116Shape
polygon 112,112polygon (center, side) 112polygon (side, side) 112rectangle 109rectangle with size 110
Shape tools 109Shorten 147,151Show all layers 251Side view 250Snap
auto 48,245center 48center of selection 48coordinate 48distance 48distance manual 48end 48free 48grid 22,48intersection 48intersection manual 48middle 24,48middle manual 48on entity 48orthogonal 48perpendicular 48polar coordinate 48reference 48selection center 48tangential 48
Snap tools 24,46Snap Tools 47Solid Fills 202Spline tools 98Split into equal parts 160Stretching 152Styles 38SVG
import 222SVG Exports 227Symbols 195
TTablet 10Tangent 79,80,245Target audience 8Terminate tool 22Text
edit 161Text of dimensions 182Texts 176Third-angle projection 237Ticks 184TIFF
import 222Tolerances 196Toolbar
lines 22Toolbars
CAD 19Tools
Index
268
arcs 84circles 90ellipses 96lines 73modification 125,135polylines 102shapes 109splines 98
Tooltips 19,20Top view 243Total length 174Trim 147
polyline segments 107when rounding corner 245
Trim Both 150Trim Two 150
UUndo 21User interface
drawing area 17menus 18
VVertical dimension 188View
auto zoom 31of an object 236pan zoom 30window zoom 31zoom in 28zoom out 28
WWacom 10Width 39Window
application window 16Window zoom 31
XX-axis 58
YY-axis 58
ZZero point
relative 60Zoom factor 30Zoom in 28
Zoom out 28Zooming 28