An Introduction to Norway's Nature Diversity Act and its policy instruments

Torbjørn Lange

Foto: Statens Vegvesen

The Norwegian Nature Diversity Act - The main objectives and principles

挪威自然多样性法案——主要目标和原则

Mr. Torbjørn Lange托比约恩 · 兰格 Deputy Director General 副司长 The Norwegian Ministry of Environment 挪威环境部

Photo: Marianne Gjørv

Threats to biological diversity生物多样性面临的威胁

Photo: VegdirektoratetPhoto: Marianne Gjørv

Photo: Svetek Photo: Tone Solhaug Photo: Marianne Gjørv

Land use 土地利用 Pollution 污染

Climate change气候变化

Alien species 外来物种 Over harvesting过度采集、捕捞

The Nature Diversity Act

自然多样性法案 An Act consisting of 10 chapters and 77 sections 法案包括 10 章 77 节

Chapter I Purpose and scope 第一章 目的和范围 Chapter II General provisions on sustainable

use 第二章 可持续利用基本条款 Chapter III Species management 第三章 物种管理 Chapter IV Alien organisms 第四章 外来生物 Chapter V Protected areas 第五章 保护地Chapter VI Selected habitat types 第六章 选定的栖息地类型 Chapter VII Access to genetic material 第七章 遗传物质的获取 Chapter VIII Competent authority

under the Act, supervision, etc 第八章 法案规定的管理机构，监察等Chapter IX Enforcement and sanctions 第九章 执行与制裁 Chapter X Final provisions 第十章 最后条款

The main parts of the Act

法案的主要部分 Protected areas, priority species – Nature Diversity Act 保护地，优先物种——自然多样性法案

Selected habitat types, principles for species management, areas with specific ecological functions and alien organisms – Nature Diversity Act, Planning and Building Act and other acts 选定的栖息地类型，物种管理的原则，具有特定生态功能的地区和外来生物——自然多样性法案，规划与建设法案与其他法案

General provisions and principles – Nature Diversity Act, Planning and Building Act and other acts 基本条款和原则——自然多样性法案，规划与建设法案与其他法案

 

Source: Ministry of the Environment

The purpose of the Act法案的目的

Intrinsic value 内在价值

Experience and recreation value 经验与娱乐价值

Biodiversity is a very important resource 生物多样性是一项非常重要的资源

Photo: Leif J. Olestad, NSB

Management objectives管理目标

To maintain the diversity of habitat types within their natural range 在自然分布范围内维持栖息地类型的多样性

To maintain species and their genetic diversity for the long term and to ensure that species occur in viable populations in their natural range 长远维持物种及其遗传资源多样性，保证物种在其自然分布范围内保有维持物种繁衍所需的种群数量

Foto: Kin Abel

Foto: Jon BekkenPhoto: Marianne Gjørv

Photo: Marianne Gjørv

Key principles for sustainable use (1)Ecosystem approach and cumulative environmental

effects可持续利用的关键原则（ 1 ）生态系统方法和累积环境影响

Any pressure on an ecosystem shall be assessed on the basis of the cumulative environmental effects on the ecosystem now or in the future 任何带给生态系统的压力都将以目前或今后对生态系统的累积环境影响为基础进行评估

Photo: Marianne Gjørv

Key principles for sustainable use (2)User-pays principle

可持续利用的关键原则（ 2 ）使用者付费原则

Photo: Kristin Thorsrud Teien

Persons responsible for pressure on the environment shall pay to prevent or reduce damage 给环境带来压力的人应该付费防止或减少损害

Key principles for sustainable use (3)The precautionary principle

可持续利用的关键原则（ 3 ）预防原则

When a decision is made in absence of adequate information, the aim shall be to avoid significant damage to diversity 如果在决策时缺少恰当的信息，那么目标应该是避免给生物多样性造成重大损害

Photo: Jan Rabben/NN/Samfoto

Key principles for sustainable use (4)Knowledge based management

可持续利用的关键原则（ 4 ）以知识为基础的管理

One of the basic fundaments of the Act 法案的一项基础原则

Decisions shall be based on:决策应建立在以下基础上：

• Scientific knowledge 科学知识 • Knowledge based on experience 由经验所

得的知识

Photo: Morten Ekker

Priority species优先物种

Modernization - species and their habitats in context 现代化——大背景中的物种及其栖息地

Establish functional ecological areas for species 建立物种生态功能区

Dynamic: 动力 Active measures 积极的措施

Ecological areas are not static 生态区不是静止的

Abolish priority 取消优先权

Cucujus cinnaberinus

Photo: Stefan Olberg

Selected habitat types选定的栖息地类型

Common rules for the management of biodiversity outside the protected areas 管理保护地以外生物多样性的一般原则

The authorities shall take special account of areas of selected habitat types 政府部门应该特别考虑选定的栖息地类型

Increases predictability and responsibility 增强预见性和责任感

Hay meadow

Photo: Asbjørn Børset

Genetic material遗传物质

Access to Norwegian genetic resources 获取挪威的遗传物质 Benefit sharing 惠益分享 Genetic material from other countries 来自其他国家的遗传物质

Fungus (Tolypocladium inflatum) basis for Cyclosporin A. Found on Hardangervidda in Norway 在挪威哈当厄尔高原发现的丝状真菌（ Tolypocladium inflatum ）是环孢菌素 A 的基础

Alien organisms

外来生物

Regulations for import and release 有关进口和释放的法规

Regulations for combating established alien organisms 防治已有外来生物的法规

Photo: Marianne Gjørv

Protected areas 保护地

Nearly 16% of the Norwegian mainland is protected 将近 16% 的挪威领土受到保护

An increased focus on management and maintenance of protected areas 对保护地管理与维护的关注增加

Strategic management plans 战略管理计划

Operational management plans 执行管理计划

Increased funding 融资增加

Photo: Torkjell Morset

Summing up – back to the pyramid总结——回到金字塔

Protected areas, priority species – Nature Diversity Act 保护地，优先物种——自然多样性法案

Selected habitat types, principles for species management, areas with specific ecological functions and alien organisms – Nature Diversity Act, Planning and Building Act and other acts 选定的栖息地类型，物种管理的原则，具有特定生态功能的地区和外来生物——自然多样性法案，规划与建设法案与其他法案

General provisions and principles – Nature Diversity Act, Planning and Building Act and other acts 基本条款和原则——自然多样性法案，规划与建设法案与其他法案

 

Source: Ministry of the Environment

Thank you for your attention!非常感谢！

Photo: Samfoto