An Introduction to Server Virtual is at Ion

8/14/2019 An Introduction to Server Virtual is at Ion

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An Introduction toServer Virtualisation

Alan McSweeney


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November 26, 2009 2

A loose definition

Virtualisation is a framework or methodology of dividing theresources of a computer into multiple execution environments,by applying one or more concepts or technologies such as

hardware and software partitioning, time-sharing, partial orcomplete machine simulation, emulation, quality of service, andmany others.


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Some history

An old concept first virtual machines createdon IBM mainframes in early 60s

Typically, IBM's virtual machines wereidentical "copies" of the underlying hardware.

Each instance could run its own operatingsystem.

Virtualisation formed the basis oftime sharing


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Some virtual machines you may know

NT had Virtual DOS Machine (NTVDM) and Windows onWin32 (WOW)

Windows 95 used virtual machines to run older (Windows 3.x

and DOS) applications


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The old model

A server for every application

Software and hardware aretightly coupled

Underutilised resourcesintroduce real cost into theinfrastructure


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The new model

Physical hardware is abstracted by

a virtualisation layer, orhypervisor

Manage OS and application as a

single unit by encapsulating theminto virtual machines

Separate OS and hardware andbreak hardware dependancies

Optimise utilisation levels


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Increased Hardware Utilisation

Before Virtualisation After Virtualisation


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Underutilisation of Resources

Most organisations over-provision Multiple processors in each

server Memory requirements over-

estimated

Aim to drive up CPUutilisation

Actual DSS customer data 120

servers monitored


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Virtual Infrastructure

Virtual infrastructure brings uniformity tothe data centre

Dynamically map computing resourcesto the business

Lower IT costs through increasedefficiency, flexibility and responsiveness

Provision new services and change the

amount of resources dedicated to asoftware service

Treat your data centre as a single pool ofprocessing, storage and networkingpower


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How is it implemented?

Typically, in order to virtualize, you would use a layer of software thatprovides the illusion of a "real" machine to multiple instances of "virtualmachines". This layer is traditionally called the Virtual Machine Monitor(VMM) or hypervisor.

The hypervisor could run directly on the real hardware or it could run asan application on top of a host operating system.


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Type 1 VMMType 1 VMMType 1 VMMType 1 VMM

Hardware

VMM

GuestVM

GuestVM

GuestVM

IBM CP/CMS

VMware ESX

Windows Virtualisation (2008)

Xen

Virtual Iron


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Type 2 VMMType 2 VMMType 2 VMMType 2 VMM

Hardware

VMM

GuestVM GuestVM GuestVM

Host OS

VMware Server


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Hybrid VMMHybrid VMMHybrid VMMHybrid VMM

MS Virtual ServerMS Virtual PC

Hardware

VMM

Host

VM

GuestVM

GuestVM


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Paravirtualisation

ParavirtualizationParavirtualizationParavirtualizationParavirtualization is a virtualization technique that presents asoftware interface to virtual machines that is similar but notidentical to that of the underlying hardware.

This requires operating systems to be explicitly ported to run

on top of the virtual machine monitor (VMM)


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Full Virtualisation

Provides a complete simulation of the underlyinghardware

With binary translation, rewrites some x86 instructionsat run time that cannot be trapped and converts theminto a series of instructions that can be trapped andvirtualised

Capable of running existing legacy operating systemswithout modification


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Native Virtualisation

Leverages hardware-assisted capabilities available in the latestprocessors from Intel (Intel VT Vanderpool) and AdvancedMicro Devices (AMD-V Pacifica) to provide near-nativeperformance.

Virtual Iron is one of the first companies to offer virtualizationsoftware to fully support Intel-VT and AMD-V hardwareassisted virtualization.


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Native Virtualisation

Dell Precision 380 Intel Pentium D PowerEdge 430 Intel Pentium D PowerEdge 440 Intel Xeon 3xxx

PowerEdge 1435 AMD Opteron 22x PowerEdge 1950 Intel Xeon 5xxx PowerEdge 1955 Intel Xeon 5xxx PowerEdge 2950 Intel Xeon 5xxx

HP ProLiant DL140 G3 Intel Xeon 5xxx ProLiant DL320 G4 Intel Xeon 5xxx

ProLiant DL360 G5 Intel Xeon 5xxx ProLiant DL365 AMD Opteron 22xx ProLiant DL380 G5 Intel Xeon 5xxx ProLiant DL385 G2 AMD Opteron 22xx ProLiant DL580 G4 Intel Xeon 7xxx ProLiant DL585 G2 AMD Opteron 82xx

IBM xSeries 100 Intel Pentium-D System x3455 AMD Opteron 22xx System x3550 Intel Xeon 5xxx System x3850 Intel Xeon 7xxx HS21 Intel Xeon 5xxx LS21 AMD Opteron 22xx


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Whats in a Virtual Machine?


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Whats in a Virtual Machine - BIOS

VM has its own BIOS

Has everything you wouldexpect to see in a real BIOS

Boot options may includefloppy, CD-ROM, disk driveand PXE.


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Whats in a Virtual Machine - Networking

Each VM has a virtual NIC

Virtual NICs are connected tovirtual switches implementedin the virtualisation layer

VMware vSwitches Microsoft - .vnc-files

Virtual switches have uplinkconnections to physical NICs

on the host


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Combining internal and external virtual switches

Virtual switch with oneoutbound adapter acts as a

DMZ Backend applications are

secured behind the firewallusing internal-only switches


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Whats in a Virtual Machine - Storage

To the applications and guest operatingsystems inside each virtual machine, thestorage subsystem is a simple virtual SCSIhost bus adapter connected to one ormore virtual SCSI disks

Virtual disks are files kept on physical

storage. VMware VMDK files Microsoft VDF files

Virtual disk represents a local drive on avirtual server, such as a C or D drive in

Windows Physical storage could be

Direct attached SCSI SAN attached iSCSI NAS


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Licensing Considerations

On host Host OS?

Virtualisation technology?

On Guest Guest OS?

Guest Applications


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Support Considerations

Two meanings Is it technically possible?

Will the vendor support a virtual environment?

The Microsoft position For Microsoft customers who do not have a Premier-level support agreement,

Microsoft will require the issue to be reproduced independently from the non-Microsoft hardware virtualization software.

Microsoft supports Windows Server System software running within a MicrosoftVirtual Server environment subject to the Microsoft Support Lifecycle policy ...


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Usage Scenarios for Virtualization

Consolidation

Workload Mobility

Business Continuity Management

Development and Test


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1. Logical

2. Physical

3. Rational

Gartner definition

Usage ScenarioProduction server consolidation


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Usage ScenarioProduction server consolidation

Consolidate workloads Infrastructure applications

Low-utilization workloads Branch office and datacenter workloads Efficient use of available hardware resources

Re-host legacy OS and applications NT4 guest applications on virtual platform

Run on current hardware and current OS No application updates required

Partition resources Limit CPU resource per VM


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Usage ScenarioBusiness continuity management

Disaster Recovery Maintain DR systems as virtual machines

Eliminate traditional problems associatedwith bare metal restores

OS and application patching Deploy and test patches off-production, and

swap

Eliminate scheduled downtime Isolation / sandboxing

Isolate OS environments for untrustedapplications

Prevent malicious code from affecting others


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Usage ScenarioDynamic datacenter

Workload mobility Package up entire OS environment and move to other location

Flexible deployment of workloads


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Usage ScenarioDevelopment and test

Rapid provisioning of virtual machines Create arbitrary test scenarios

Wider test range for niche scenarios


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Application + OS: Now A Data File

Server provisioning is similarto copying a file

Server migration is nowsimilar to data migration

Data management techniquescan be used for server

management Server cloning/copying Versioning Server archival Remote mirroring

Entire server OS, apps, data, devices, and state is nowsimply a file.


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The Role of Shared Storage

Virtual Machine files arecentrally located.

Multiple access.

Virtual Machines can be moved

for DR purposes, systemrepair/upgrade, etc.

Can take advantage of advanced

SAN features such as snapshots,clones and replication.


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Live Migration

Move running virtual machines from one physicalsystem to another with no downtime

Zero downtime maintenance

Balance resource utilisation across infrastructure


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Hardware Infrastructure Scale Up or Scale Out?

Scaling up means fewer, largersystems

Advantages Fewer ESX Server images to manage

Lower infrastructure costs(Ethernet/SAN switches)

Disadvantages

Higher hardware costs (servers) Big H.A. impact in case of failure of a

node

Fewer CPUs supported "per rack

Headroom required for HA is

expensive Servers may go obsolete

Locked into server architecture

Scaling out means more,smaller systems

Advantages Lower hardware costs (servers) Low H.A. impact in case of failure

of a node

More CPUs supported "per rack

Headroom required for HA is lessexpensive

Not locked into obsolete hardware

More flexible

Disadvantages

Many hypervisor (ESX) images tomaintain

Higher infrastructure costs(Ethernet/SAN switches)


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What should an enterprise ready virtualisation

platform offer? Efficient server partitioning

SMP support in guest VMs

Scalable memory in guest VMs

Fault isolation a crash in one virtual machine should notimpact other virtual machines

Security isolation a virtual machine should never access thememory or I/O operations of another virtual machine

Resource isolation runaway applications in one virtual

machine should not starve others virtual machines. Non-disruptive addition of capacity

Scalable management tools


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VMware Workstation

Desktop Virtualisation

Run multiple operating systemssimultaneously on a single PC

Supports Windows, Linux, NetWare,

Solaris

Software development/test

Training


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VMware Server

Free virtualisation platform

Type 2 hosted VMM

Runs on any standard x86 hardware

Runs on a wide variety of Linux andWindows host and guest operatingsystems

Intended as a step up to Type 1hypervisor products.


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VMware Infrastructure 3

VMware ESX Server 3.0 - Type 1VMM

VMware VirtualCenter 2.0 4-way vSMP / 16GB Virtual RAM

support

VMware VMotion

VMware HA

VMware Distributed ResourceScheduling

VMware Consolidated Backup


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Non-disruptive capacity on

demand


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Automate resource assurance for critical

applications

DRS Dynamic BalancingContinuous Optimization

l l ll


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Automatic availability for all

applicationsVMWARE HA

X


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Backup anytime

VMWARECONSOLIDATEDBACKUP

Decouple backup from production VMs20-40% better resource utilization

Pre-integrated with 3rd party backup products


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Microsoft Virtualisation Products

Virtual PC

Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2 Virtual Machine Manager (in Beta but available for

download)

Windows Virtualisation (to be released after Longhorn)


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Virtual PC

Suited to use in testing on a desktop environment

Not recommended for production servers Single CPU support only No remote management possible

No SCSI support

Starts as an application not as a service

Shares disk format with Virtual Server


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Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1

Microsofts current offering forvirtualisation in production

environments Shares underlying technology

with Microsoft Virtual PC

Web based management portal

Guests supported include: Windows (up to Vista with SP1)

Linux

Virtual Server 2005 R2: Administration Website


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Clustering in Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1

Host to Host

Clusterstorage

SAN or iSCSIconnection

Guest to Guest

Clusterstorage

iSCSIconnection

l


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Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1

VM Additions VM additions provide enhanced performance and additional

functionality to the guest OS Additions available for XP, Windows 2003, Vista and Linux Windows additions provide:

Allow for direct mode kernel execution (faster processing of some

commands) Linux additions provide: Time sync Shutdown support SCSI disk Does not allow for direct mode kernel execution

Important to update for each new release to maximiseperformance benefits

i d i li i


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Windows Virtualisation

To be released within 180 days after the Longhornrelease (no Beta available as yet)

Requires Intel VT or AMD Virtualisation hardware

Uses HypervisorHypervisorHypervisorHypervisor(a thin layer of software under theHost OS)

Hardware

VMM (Hypervisor)

Guest 1

(Host OS)Guest 2

Vi l M hi M


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Virtual Machine Manager

Virtual Machine Manager: Centralized management view

C li d M R


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Centralized Management: Reports

Full set ofFull set of

reports,reports,integration withintegration with

MOM databaseMOM database

Actions oneActions one

click away inclick away in

context sensitivecontext sensitive

Actions PaneActions Pane

S lf S i P t l


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Self Service Portal

Ability to controlAbility to controlowned virtualowned virtual

machinesmachines

Thumbnails ofThumbnails of

all owned virtualall owned virtual

machinesmachines

Self-Service PortalP i i i


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Provisioning

User selects from listUser selects from list

of templatesof templatesAdministrator hasAdministrator has

associated with thatassociated with that

useruser

Self-Service PortalPr isi nin


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Provisioning

New virtual machineNew virtual machineready for use, Terminalready for use, Terminal

Services connectionServices connection

informationinformation

automatically emailedautomatically emailed

to user.to user.

Virtual Server 2005 vs


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Windows Server Virtualization

Virtual Server 2005 R2Virtual Server 2005 R2Virtual Server 2005 R2Virtual Server 2005 R2 Windows Server VirtualizationWindows Server VirtualizationWindows Server VirtualizationWindows Server Virtualization

32323232----bitbitbitbit VMsVMsVMsVMs???? Yes Yes

64646464----bitbitbitbit VMsVMsVMsVMs???? No Yes

MultiMultiMultiMulti----processorprocessorprocessorprocessor VMsVMsVMsVMs???? No Yes, up to 8 processor VMs

VM memory support?VM memory support?VM memory support?VM memory support? 3.6 GB per VM More than 32 GB per VM

Hot add memory/processors?Hot add memory/processors?Hot add memory/processors?Hot add memory/processors? No Yes

Hot add storage/networking?Hot add storage/networking?Hot add storage/networking?Hot add storage/networking? No Yes

Can be managed by System CenterCan be managed by System CenterCan be managed by System CenterCan be managed by System CenterVirtual Machine Manager?Virtual Machine Manager?Virtual Machine Manager?Virtual Machine Manager?

Yes Yes

Microsoft Cluster support?Microsoft Cluster support?Microsoft Cluster support?Microsoft Cluster support?Yes Yes

Scriptable / Extensible?Scriptable / Extensible?Scriptable / Extensible?Scriptable / Extensible? Yes, COM Yes, WMI

Number of runningNumber of runningNumber of runningNumber of running VMsVMsVMsVMs???? 64More than 64.

As many as hardware will allow.

User interfaceUser interfaceUser interfaceUser interface Web Interface MMC 3.0 Interface

Xen


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Xen

Open source hypervisorsolution

Installs on bare-metal Linux VMs fully supported

Red Hat Debian

Suse Windows VMs require Intel VT

or AMD-V processor Microsoft Windows Server 2000

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Microsoft Windows XP SP2

XenSource


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XenSource

XenSource Products


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XenSource Products

N/AN/AMid-2007Shared storageShared storageShared storageShared storage

N/AN/AMid-2007Live MigrationLive MigrationLive MigrationLive Migration

Red Hat EL 3.6, 3.7, 3.8,4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.0;SUSE SLES 9.2, 9.3, 10.1;Debian Sarge

N/A (Windows guestssupport only)

Red Hat EL 3.6, 3.7, 3.8,4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.0;SUSE SLES 9.2, 9.3, 10.1;Debian Sarge

Linux guest supportLinux guest supportLinux guest supportLinux guest support

Windows Server 2003;Windows XP; Windows

2000 Server


2000 Server


2000 Server

Windows guest supportWindows guest supportWindows guest supportWindows guest support

Developers, testers,support, IT enthusiasts

Windows IT professionalsEnterprise IT, systemintegrators

User ProfileUser ProfileUser ProfileUser Profile

Virtual Iron


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Virtual Iron

An enterprise ready native virtualisation platform

Uses hardware-assisted virtualisation technologies ofIntel VT and AMD-V processors

Based on an open source hypervisor derived from theXen open source project

No software need be installed on physical hardware

Virtual Iron Components


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Virtual Iron Components

Operating systems that are fully virtualised on aphysical server

VariesGuest operatingsystems

Controls virtual servers through an agent in the servicepartition

CommercialVirtualisationManager

Second software loaded when physical server boots.

Manages virtual server creation and configuration

and all I/O.

GPLService Partition

First software loaded when physical server boots.Manages all hardware resourcesGPLHypervisor

FunctionFunctionFunctionFunctionLicenseLicenseLicenseLicenseComponentComponentComponentComponent

Virtualization Manager


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Virtualization Manager

Java-based application Allows for central

management ofvirtualized servers

A physical server canhave many virtualizedservers, which are run asunmodified guestoperating systems.

Virtual Manager Policy-based Automation


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Virtual Manager Policy based Automation

LiveMigration moves a running virtual server from one physicalserver without pausing or impacting running applications

LiveCapacity monitors virtual server CPU utilisation or otherapplication needs to determine when a workload needsadditional capacity. When a user-defined threshold is met, thevirtual server is LiveMigrated to a physical server that has thenecessary resources

LiveRecovery monitors the status of physical resources andmoves virtual servers to maintain uptime in the event of ahardware failure

LiveMaintenance moves virtual servers to alternative locationswithout downtime when a physical server is taken offline formaintenance

Virtual Iron Architecture


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Virtual Iron Architecture

Supported Configurations


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Suppo ted Co gu at o s

Up to 16Virtual disks per virtual server

Up to 5Virtual NIC adapters per virtual server

Up to 5Virtual servers per physical server CPU

Up to 96GBRAM per Physical Server

Up to 8Processors per virtual Server

100s per virtual data centreVirtualised Nodes

Intel Xeon with Intel VTAMD Opteron with AMD-V

Processors

32 and 64-bit Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

32 and 64-bit SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9

32-bit Windows XP

32-bit Windows 2003

Operating systemsSupportFeature

Virtuozzo


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Virtuozzo

Operating SystemLevelVirtualisation

Creates multiple, isolated virtualenvironments (VEs)

Whereas VMs attempt to virtualize

"a complete set of hardware," VEsrepresent a "lighter" abstraction,virtualizing instead "an operatingsystem instance"

Parallels Workstation


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Test/Development solutionaimed at desktop market

Uses hypervisor technology Wide guest OS support

Entire Windows family - 3.1,3.11, 95, 98, Me, 2000, XP and

2003 Linux distributions Red Hat,

SuSE, Mandriva, Debian andFedora Core

FreeBSD Legacy operating systems e.g.

OS/2, eComStation and MS-DOS.

HP Virtual Server Environment


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Implemented on HP Integrity and HP 9000 systems

Physical to Virtual (P2V)


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y

P2V is the term used to describe the process ofconverting physical servers into virtual machines

Can be performed while server is live

Some operating systems require cold migration

Process: Analyse source

Create a target VM

Transfer data from physical source to virtual target

Transform VM

VMware Converter


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Replaces P2V Assistant

Wizard based conversion

process Can convert physical machines,

virtual machines or third partysystem images (e.g. SymantecGhost, Backup Exec LiveStateRecovery)

Source physical machines: 64-bit Windows XP/2003

WinNT SP4+ Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows 2003

Platespin PowerConvert


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Anywhere to anywhereconversion Peer-to-Peer

Physical to Virtual (P2V) Virtual to Virtual (V2V) Virtual to Physical (V2P) Physical to Physical (P2P)

Image Capture Physical to Image (P2I) Virtual to Image (V2I)

Image Deployment Image to Virtual (I2V) Image to Physical (I2P)

Disaster Recovery

Physical to Virtual (P2V) Virtual to Virtual (V2V)

Windows and Linux sourcescan be converted

Platespin PowerConvert


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Portlock Storage Manager


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Third-party NetWare datamanagement product

Can be used for P2Vconversions of NetWareservers

Requires some manualreconfiguration of VM

Capacity Planning


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Important first step in any server consolidation project

Aims: Understand server performance and utilization rates of a group

of servers

Identifying servers that are good candidates to be migrated

into virtual machines Size virtual environment accurately

Statistics are gathered and processed

What-if scenarios can be run to examine differentpossible approaches

VMware Capacity Planner


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Platespin PowerRecon


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Inventory AnalyseWorkload

Data

Collection

Recommend

p

Onsite data collection and analysis

Scenario modelling (what-if)

Agentless operation

Some additional products


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VMware Lab Manager


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Create centralised pools

of VMs, storage andnetwork components

Rapid setup and teardown of test/dev

environments Maintain library of

customer and productionsystem environments

VMware ACE


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VMware Virtual Desktop Infrastructure


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Dunes VS-0


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Dunes VS-O

Virtual Machine Backup and Replication


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esxRanger Professional LAN/WAN backups Backup active servers Database of backup activity

esxReplicator Replicate changes to remote location chunked by time or data changevolumes

Effective business continuity

Virtual Machine Backup and Replication


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esXpress Virtual Backup Appliance

runs backup jobs within aVM

Offloads CPU and memoryutilisation from VMware ESX

console

Virtual Solution Box Also implemented as a

virtual machine appliance

esxCharter


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A Windows based esxtop and more

esxMigrator


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Assists customers upgrading fromVMware ESX 2.X to VMware ESX3.0

Uses data manipulation strategies

that can copy virtual disks muchfaster than allowed by theVMware console

Enables failback contingency

Best Practice Recommendations


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Explore your options.

Evaluate your applications for potential consolidation.

Understand the differences between variousvirtualization solutions.

Look closely at the licensing and support policies ofyour software vendors.

Start small.

Best Practice Recommendations


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Manage expectations.

Beware of virtual sprawl.

Consider blades as a complementary consolidationstrategy.

Integrate server consolidation with a broaderconsolidation strategy.

Develop a framework for continuous consolidation.

More Information


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Alan McSweeney

[email protected]

Documents

An Introduction to Server Virtual is at Ion