An Introduction to William Shakespeare and the Tragedy

of Romeo & Juliet

9th Grade CP English

This presentation will…

inform you about the life and work of the mysterious William Shakespeare.

provide you details about Elizabethan society and theater.

define basic terminology related to Shakespearean poetry and drama.

April 23, 1564: to John and Mary Shakespeare. There is a baptismal registration for Shakespeare, but few other written records exist. He was the 3rd of 8 children.

Much of Shakespeare’s younger years remain a mystery, but there are rumors about what jobs he may have worked.

Butcher Apprentice

Lawyer

Schoolmaster Lawyer

1582: According to church records, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway.

At the time of their marriage, William was eighteen and Anne was twenty-six.

William and Anne have three children together (Susanna, Hamnet, and Judith).

August 1596: young Hamnet died at the age of eleven. The cause of his death is unknown.

HamnetJudith

Susanna

Shakespeare left his family in 1591 to pursue writing in London.

In 1592, Shakespeare began developing a reputation as an actor and playwright.

As theatres were beginning to grow in popularity, it is probable that Shakespeare began earning a living writing plays (adapting old ones and working with others on new ones).

1594: William became involved with a company of actors named “The Lord Chamberlain’s Men.” This group later (1603) changed their name to “The King’s Men”.

In 1598, Shakespeare, in collaboration with other actors, designed and built The Globe.

This circular theatre was the first of its kind, breaking away from the traditional rectangular theatres.

1612: Shakespeare moved back to Stratford where he retired both rich and famous.

1616: William Shakespeare dies on his birthday.

At the time of his death, Shakespeare is said to have written around 37 plays and 154 sonnets. He is also known to have contributed over two thousand words to the English language.

SniffledorfenSniffledorfen

Shakespeare is also known to have written around 884 words throughout all of his works.

Good frend for Jesus sake forbeareTo digg the dust encloasedheare

Bleste be ye man [that] spares thes stonesAnd curst be he that moves my bones.

Which do you prefer?

Or…..

Shakespearean Theater “The Globe”

Romeo, Romeo…Where for art thou Romeo?

Elizabethan Theatre Fun FactsThe First Elizabethan Theater: “The Wooden O”

Built in 1576, first permanent stage in London

Built by James Burbage

Shaped in form of a tavern

1599 theatre torn down, but Shakespeare’s company used it to build The Globe Theatre

Elizabethan Theatre Fun FactsThe Globe

Round/polygonal building with a roofless courtyard

No artificial light

Three stories high – upper levels were for the weathy

The “groundlings” paid a penny a piece to stand on the floor in front of the stage (800 people)

Large platform stage

Back of platform was curtained off inner stage

Two door entrances/exits on either side of curtain

Small balcony/upper stage

Elaborate costumes but no props

Young boys played the parts of women; women weren’t allowed to be actors

Fire and Rediscovery Shakespeare’s Globe

burned down, but its foundation was discovered in 1990. It gave us many clues to the Elizabethan experience such as hazelnut shells! A replica has since been rebuilt. You can visit it and see a play today.

Dramatic TerminologyTragedy: A narrative about serious and important actions that end unhappily, usually with the death of the main characters.

The play is broken up into acts and the acts are broken up into scenes.

Monologue: A long uninterrupted speech given by one character onstage to everyone.

Soliloquy: A long uninterrupted speech given by one character alone on stage, inaudible to other characters

Aside: A short speech given by one character, traditionally the other characters cannot hear.

Dramatic Terminology

Pun: A humorous play on words

After that poisonous snake struck at me in the Arizona

Desert I was really rattled. A gossip is someone with a great sense of rumor.

A carpenter must have been here. I saw dust. Energizer Bunny arrested - charged with battery.

Corduroy pillows are making headlines.

The executioner decided to drop out of Executioner School. It was just too cut throat for him.

He who farts in church sits in his own pew.

Dramatic TerminologyDramatic Foil: A pair of characters who are opposite in many ways and highlight or exaggerate each other’s differences.

Poetic TerminologyBlank Verse: Unrhymed meter; unrhymed iambic pentameter specifically.

Iambic Meter: Each unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable.

Couplets: Two consecutive lines that rhyme (aa bb cc). Usually followed when a character leaves or a scene ends.

End-stopped Line: Has some form of punctionat at the end of the line (,;.!?).

Run-on Line: Has NO punctuation at the end of the line and meaning is continued to following lines.

Sonnet: A fourteen line poem using iambic pentameter and the following rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg.

Poetic TerminologyInternal Rhyme: Words rhyming inside one line.

End Line Rhyme: Words rhyming at the end of consecutive lines.

Perfect vs. Slant Rhyme: ball & hall are a perfect rhyme (end sounds the same). Ball & bell are slant rhymes (beginning and end sounds the same; middle sound is different).

Alliteration: the repetition of the same beginning consonants

Assonance: the repetition of the same vowel sounds in the middle of words

Consonance: the repetition of the same ending consonants

Onomatopoeia: words that are spelled much like how they sound.

Shakespeare’s 5 Part Storytelling Pattern:

Act I: Exposition

Establishes setting, characters, conflict, and

background

Act II: Rising Action

A series of complications

Act III: Crisis/Turning Point

A series of complications

Act IV: Falling Action

Results of the turning point; characters locked

into deeper disaster

Act V: Climax/Resolution/Denouement

Death of the main characters and then the loose parts of the plot are tied up

Tips for UnderstandingRomeo and Juliet

Romeo and Juliet is based on Arthur Brooke’s long narrative poem the Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet (1562).

The play has a highly moral tone: disobedience, as well as fate, leads to the deaths of two lovers.

Motifs in Romeo and Juliet

Power of Love

Violence from Passion

The Individual vs. Society

The Inevitability of Fate

MONTAGUE vs. CAPULET

Romeo

Lord Montague (his dad)

Lady Montague (his mom)

Mercutio (friend)

Benvolio (cousin)

Juliet

Lord Capulet (her father)

Lady Capulet (her mother)

Tybalt (cousin)

Nurse

A Pair of Star Crossed Lovers…“My only love sprung from my only hate! Too early seen

unknown , and known too late!” ~ Juliet; Act I, Scene V

FIN