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AN INTUITIVE INTERNET OF THINGS:FROM THE HYPE TO THE REALIZATION OF SMART ENVIRONMENTS
JORIS VAN DRIESSCHEON BEHALF OF HARMKE DE GROOT
Robot-to-RobotCollaborative service
robots
Smart cities, buildings, vehiclesSafer, energy efficient and more comfortable
Proximity based servicesThe right place, the right
time, the right user
Perceptive RoboticsUnassisted Service Robotics
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
Big data for AutomotiveAutomated traffic control > 750 MB sensor data/second
200 10000
75000
200000
2000 2014 2020 2025
#objects connected to the internet (xMillion…
Source: Freescale
9 connected devices per person
0.91.6
2.8
4.7
7.4
11.2
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Exabytes per month
CONNECTIVITY CHALLENGES
5
Interoperability
ALWAYS CONNECTED?
6
MANY SYSTEMS HAVE NOT BEEN DESIGNED WITH ALWAYS CONNECTED IN MIND
THE MARKET IS GETTING READY
7
IoT overtakes from Wireless as growth driver
“Sensors are a game changer and start delivering content to IoT”
Operators are rolling out M2M/IoT strategies and work
with HW suppliers
Source: GSA and McKinsey IoTcollaborations, May 2015, IHS, press research
BUT THERE IS MUCH UNCERTAINTY
8
IN SEARCH OF KILLER-APPLICATIONS, INTEROPERABLE TECHNOLOGY AND A NEW ECO-SYSTEM
“Current IoT solutions are still surprisingly disappointing and limited to visualizing time series of sensor data or to remotely control devices via a smartphone”
Uncertainty on IoT creates need for reconfigurable (but low cost &low
power) ULP wireless & flexible solutions in general
OEMs such as Apple, Google investing in IC
development
Source: GSA and McKinsey IoTcollaborations, May 2015, IHS, press research
Dumb systems
Adaptive systems
Smart systems
Perceptive systems
act how they were hardwired
act how they were programmed
Heterogenoussmart systemsAct on all available data from own sensors and the cloud
act on theirown sensors
sensing communication&
IOT + CLOUD => INTUITIVE IOT
VERTICAL SOLUTIONS & HORIZONTAL PLATFORMS
10
FROM TECHNOLOGY BUILDING BLOCKS TO FULL APPLICATION VALIDATION
à using customer components and unique imec components ß
Vertical security
Application development & testbeds
Data Analytics
Heterogeneous network
Node architecture
Circuits & sensors
Tools & Support
EXAMPLE AIR QUALITY MONITORING
¡ Air pollution is a major cause of early mortality world wide 7 million people die prematurely each year
¡ WHO also suggests that up to 30% of buildings may have poor indoor air quality, leading to the so-called sick building syndrome
THE DEVIL IS IN THE DETAILPARIS EXAMPLE, JUNE 8TH, 2015
Boulevard Hausmann and Avenue des Champs Elysess < 1 km on footh
MULTI-SENSOR APPROACH
13
DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
¡ Multi-sensor node¡ CO2, NO2, VOC, Temperature, humidity, light,
vibration, PIR, ... and many more
¡ Algorithms¡ Self-calibration, outlier detection, congestion
monitoring, time and location awareness
¡ Data analytics ¡ > 7 Gbytes/network/year of raw data ¡ > 50% of this data is redundant !® data analytics as the key
Sensors CO2, temperature, humidity, VOC, light,particle, imec NO2, + extensions
Operation system Contiki OS
Simulator tool Cooja simulator
Gateway Device Raspberry Pi
Cloud Services
· Virtual Machine in cloud· MQTT publish–subscribe mechanism· Web Servers subscribe to MQTT packets
from Gateways
Mobile Device GUI using HTML & Java script
Calibration
HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS
¡ Seamless large scale operation¡ Interoperability¡ Service guarantee (reliability, latency, power, network
density, a.o.)
¡ Low cost installation and maintenance¡ Over-the-air SW updates¡ Easy commissioning
MULTI-PROTOCOLS
2G
3G
15.4g
WiFi3G
PLC
BLE15.4
BLE15.4
BLE 15.4
Cloud
14
NON-GPS LOCALIZATION
15
AS A NEW SERVICE, FOR EASY COMMISSIONING & DISTANCE BOUNDED SECURITY
Accurate indoor localization:¡ 5 -10 x more accurate than other narrowband systems; i.e. up to 30cm¡ > 10 x lower cost than GPS based outdoor solutions
Compatible with ISM (900 MHz, 2.4GHz) Transceivers¡ Compatible with Bluetooth Smart, ZigBee, WiFi, etc.
Adding proprietary localization algorithms¡ New services¡ Easy commissioning¡ Proximity framework for
¡ Distance bounded security¡ Service discovery
Traditional NB used for people counting test in Dutch Technology Museum (NEMO) in
Amsterdam using 1000+ bracelets
16
Holst Centre Ajax soccer stadium
Public gardens MeiseCoT - Antwerp
VALIDATED IN REAL LIFE
MMWAVE SENSING
CMOS RADARINTERACTION WITHOUT USER DEVICE
fixed
mobile
automotive today
79 GHz automotive
140 GHz with antenna-on-chip
yesterday
tomorrow
5 compelling usecases for radar vision on resource constrained devices
• Radar recognition, • classification• Intent detection• Together with
sensor fusion
Autonomous Driving
• Gesture recognition
• Multi-factor authentication for security
• Advanced gaming applications
Mobile devices
• Fall-risk for elderly care
• Indications of reduced health, loneliness or depression
• Home automation and intelligence
• Home security
Active & Assisted Living
• Smart Cities/Buildings• Surveillance• Parking detection• Use multiple radars to do more (crossing) in room detection/mapping
• Detecting use of rooms, optimize lights, heat etc.
Smart Cities
• Drones with radar• Monitoring height
during flight F• For collision
avoidance
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
77/79 GHZ AUTOMOTIVE RADAR
10+ RADARS PER CARHIGH-RESOLUTION, 360 DEGREE RADAR COVERAGE
Medium Range Radar(MRR) up to 50m
Short Range Radar(SRR) up to 30m
Long Range Radar(LRR) up to 250m
TYPICAL PERSON-DETECTION SPECIFICATIONS
maximum range 30 m
minimum range 0 m
range resolution 7.5 cm
maximum velocity 50 km/h
velocity resolution 1 km/h
field of view ± 60ºangular resolution 10ºrefresh rate 100 Hz
latency 10 ms
NEXT-GENERATION MMWAVE SOC DESIGN: 79 GHZ RADAR MODULE
complete solutionin 5cm x 5cm package
antennas28nm CMOS IC
user-programmable DSP
enables algorithmicdifferentiator for users
high-speed dedicated digital
enables high-resolutionradar functionality
Gsps ADCsenables low pin countand power consumption
millimeter-wave enables full integrationup to PA/LNA
2014 2015
front
back
140 GHZ: ANTENNA ON CHIPCOMPLETE SENSOR DIRECT FROM FAB
10 GHzl = 30 mmOn-chip antennasnot feasible
l
60 GHzl = 5 mmOn-chip antennasfeasible, but at high cost
l140 GHzl = 2.2 mmOn-chip antennasfeasible at reasonable cost
l
Targets• Area < 1 mm²• Gain > 0 dBi• Bandwidth > 4 GHz
140 GHZ FULLY-INTEGRATED PERSON-DETECTION SENSOR FOR CONSUMER APPLICATIONS
John’s home!Let’s cool down the place. Baby Jane approaching!
Let’s switch off and lock the door.Miranda looks tired!Let’s dim the lights.
Mike looks angry!Let’s offer him a drink.
Natasha’s head too close!Let’s reduce the heat.
Francis is too far from the left speaker!Let’s increase its power.
low-cost,low-power, miniatureperson detection
and micro-Doppler sensor
Frank is drowsy!Let’s suggest a break.
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
IMEC’S CONNECTIVITY SOLUTIONS COVER THE WHOLE SPECTRUM OF WIRELESS
Cellular: Any band – 3 GbpsConnectivity:Any band – 10 Gbps
TX1
RX1
ReconfigurableRFIC in ≤ 28nm
CMOS
TX2
RX2
RX3RX4
AT
Reconfigurable FEM in SOI CMOS and/or 3D packaging
`
AT`
WiGig : the upcoming new WIFI standard for point-to-point communicationsRF bandwidth 57-66GHzUp to 4.6Gbps speedUp to 10m rangeLonger range possible for lower bitrate
Scalable radio LTE / WIFIWiGig Phased arrayBeamsteering transceiver
16 ANTENNA MODULE: 1.5GBPS OVER 100M
ULTRA LOW POWER WIRELESS FOR SENSOR NODESWorld’s lowest power with state-of-the-art performance
400 MHz medical
2.4 GHz proprietary1mW@1Mbps
802.15.6 & proprietary2.2mW@2Mbps
900MHz / 2.4GHz RFID150µW @100kbps
Personal Area Network
IR UWB radio
platform
6-9GHz, 6mW@1MbpsIndoor positioning & audio streaming
Body Area Network
radio
Event Driven radio
2.4GHz multi-standard5mW @1Mbps
90nm
BLE SoCARM-Cortex
2.4GHz multi-standard3.7mW Rx
90nm CMOS 40nm CMOS 28nm CMOS
900MHz rectifier&PMU
RF power transfer
Low VoltageDigital
Transceiver
ULP WiFifor sensors
Sub-GHzLPWA &802.15.4g
9mW Rx150dB link budget
7mW Tx, 5mW Rx16QAM, OFDM
2.4GHz self-tuneddirect phase demodulation
Multi-standard for IoT
Dual mode digital Tx28nm ADPLL
Cellular IoT3GPP NB-IoT
for LPWA
>160dB link budget>20dBm output power
