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Maristella Agosti, Nicola Ferro, and Gianmaria Silvello Information Management Systems (IMS) Research Group
Department of Information Engineering (DEI) University of Padua, Italy
12th Italian Research Conference on Digital Libraries (IRCDL 2016) 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
An Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
Outline
Interoperability in the context of Libraries, Archives, and Museums (LAM)
Semantically mapping between DL foundational models to foster deeper interoperability
Digital annotations as a use case example
2
Where are we?
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
LAM: Heterogeneity, Commonalities, Interoperability
4
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
LAM: Heterogeneity, Commonalities, Interoperability
4
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
Digital Library Models
5
Minumum Digital Library
Streams
Structures
Spaces Scenarios
Societies DL
Universe
Content
User
Functionality
Quality
Policy
Architecture
5S Model DELOS Reference Model
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
Current Approach to Interoperability
6
5S DLS1 DELOS DLS2
DAT
ALO
GIC
BU
SIN
ESS
LOG
ICP
RES
ENTA
TIO
N
LOG
IC
Data Mapping Ontology
Scenarioβ
Scenarioγ
Scenarioδ
foaf:Agent
FunctionA
FunctionB
FunctionC
FunctionD
Society ψ Actor W
Our Contribution
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
Proposed Approach to Interoperability
8
Functionality[Enrich Profile]
Data[User]Operates on
5S DLS1 DELOS DLS2
DAT
ALO
GIC
BU
SIN
ESS
LOG
ICP
RES
ENTA
TIO
N
LOG
IC
DL Foundational Models Ontology
Data Mapping Ontology
Scenarioβ
Scenarioγ
Scenarioδ
FunctionA
FunctionB
FunctionC
FunctionD
foaf:Agent
Society ψ Actor W
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
High Level Concepts
9
Quality Parameter
rdfs:subclassOf
rdfs:subclassOf
ims:expressAssessment
Actor
Resource
Group
rdf:subclassOf
ims:belongTo
rdfs:subclassOf
Function
rdfs:subclassOfims:actOn
ims:perform
InformationObject
rdfs:subclassOf
Policyrdfs:subclassOf
ims:regulatedByims:hasQuality
ims:expressedBy
ims:hasMetadata
ims:hasAnnotation
DigitalLibrary
DigitalLibrarySystem
DigitalLibrary
ManagementSystem
ims:extend
ims:deploy
ims:support
ims:manageims:manageims:manage
Society Scenario Stream
Space
StructureCommunity
Actor
Service DigitalObject
ims:belongTo
ims:belongTo
ims:use
ims:run
ims:interact
ims:composeims:employ
ims:employ
ims:employ
ims:define
ims:belongTo
ims:define
schema:similarToschema:similarTo
schema:similarToschema:similarTo
5S M
odel
DELO
S Re
fere
nce
Mod
el
ims:yield
rdfs:subclassOf
ArchitecturalComponent
ims:shape
ims:employ
ims:produce
ims:engage
ims:use
ims:conflictWith
QualityDimension
ims:assessmentOf
schema:similarTo
ims:employ
ims:composedBy
ims:expressedBy
ims:implement
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
The User Domain
10
Resource rdfs:subclassOf Actor
Group
ims:play
rdf:subclassOf ims:belongTo
foaf:Agent
owl:sameAs
org:Role
schema:isSimilarTo
swco:Role
schema:isSimilarTo
foaf:Group
owl:sameAs
rdfs:subclassOf
Community rdfs:subclassOf
org:Organization
schema:isSimilarTo
Society
Community
Actor
ims:belongTo
ims:belongTo
Role
skos:broader
End-User
DL Designer
DL SystemAdmininistrator
DL ApplicationDeveloper
skos:broader
skos:broaderskos:broader
mvco:EndUser
schema:isSimilarTo
akt:System-Administrator
schema:isSimilarTo
ims:association
DistributedComputer
skos:broader
Human
skos:broader
ElectronicAgents
skos:broader
rdfs:Resource
schema:similarTo
owl:sameAs
schema:isSimilarTo
schema:similarTo
schema:similarTo
DELO
S Re
fere
nce
Mod
el
5S Model
LOD Cloud
LOD Cloud
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
The Content Domain
11
Resource
InformationObject
rdfs:subclassOf ims:expressedBy
ims:hasMetadataims:hasAnnotation
Collection
ims:belongTo
rdfs:subclassOf
Ontology Query
ims:expressedBy ims:expressedBy
ims:hasIntension
ims:hasView
ims:hasEdition
ims:hasManifestation
Metadata
Annotation
PrimaryInformation
Object
skos:broader
skos:broader
skos:broader
Space
Stream
StructureDigitalObject
ims:belongTo
ims:define
ims:define
Text
Audio
Video
Image
skos:broader
skos:broader
skos:broader
skos:broader
ims:contain
ims:contain
Collectionschema:similarTo
schema:similarTo
ims:belongTo
Repository
ims:store
MetadataCatalog
MetadataSet
Metadata
ims:belongTo
ims:belongTo
ims:belongTo
ims:store
fabio:Metadata
schema:isSimilarTo
dcat:Catalog
schema:isSimilarTo
fabio:Catalog
schema:isSimilarTo
foaf:Image
cidoc:Information
Object
schema:isSimilarTo
schema:isSimilarTo
dcTypes:Image
schema:isSimilarTo
dcTypes:MovingImage
schema:isSimilarTo
dcTypes:Sound
schema:isSimilarTo
dcTypes:Text
schema:isSimilarTo
oa:Annotation
schema:isSimilarTo
dcTypes:Collection
schema:isSimilarTo
fabio:Repository
schema:isSimilarTo
schema:isSimilarTo
schema:similarTo
schema:SearchAction
schema:isSimilarTo
owl:Ontology
owl:sameAs
DELO
S Re
fere
nce
Mod
el
5S Model
LOD Cloud
LOD Cloud
ims:shape
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
The Function Domain
12
Resource
Actor
Function
ims:perform
rdfs:subclassOf
rdfs:subclassOf
ims:actOn
ims:interactWith
Access Resource
skos:broader
Manage Resource
skos:broader
Collaborate
skos:broader
Manage DL
skos:broader
Manage andConfigure
DLS
skos:broader
itsmo:Utility
schema:isSimilarTo
LOD Cloud
snarm:Access
schema:isSimilarTo
Scenario
Service
ims:compose
Event
ims:isContained
ims:precede
ims:extend
Index
skos:broader
Browse
skos:broader skos:broader
Actor
ims:use
ims:run
ims:interact
schema:isSimilarTo
Search
skos:broader
skos:broader
skos:broader
5S Model
DELO
S Re
fere
nce
Mod
el
schema:similarTo
An Example
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
Digital Annotations
14
Sign
dls1.org/manuscript/135/page/12
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Carraresi
a1
This illumination presents an extraordinay search
for realism
Sign
Meaning
rdfs:comment
Sign
<p>The <i>Roccabonella Herbal</i> illumination is clearly copied from the <i>Carrarese Herbal</i> one,
as it …</p>
Meaning
dcmi:isVersionOf
Meaningrdfs:seeAlso
u1
DLS1(DELOS Reference Model)
DLS2(5S Model)
The Web
dls2.org/herbal/roccabonella/fig4
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
Interoperability of Digital Annotations
15
ims:yield
skos:broader
skos:broader
ims:yield
DLS2(5S Model)
schema:similarToskos:broader
schema:isSimilarTo
skos:broader
skos:broaderschema:similarTo
ims:actOn
skos:broader
ims:employ
ims:employ
ims:define
ims:define
ims:shape
InformationObject
oa:Annotation
Annotationa1
Function
Access Resource Service
BrowseRead
Annotation
Stream
Structure
DigitalObject
a1
schema:similarTo
cidoc:Information
Object
schema:isSimilarTo schema:isSimilarTo
LOD Cloud
ArchitecturalComponent
SoftwareArchitectureComponent
AnnotationWeb
Service
DLS1(DELOS Reference Model)
Actoru2
Actoru2
AccessPermission
Information Object
p1
ims:regulatedBy
ims:regulatedBy
ims:expressedBy
ims:regulatedBy
ims:perform
ims:use
DigitalObject
p1
ims:define
ims:define
schema:similarTo
ims:yield
ims:regulatedByPolicy
skos:broader
schema:similarTo
schema:isSimilarTo
dcTerms:Policy
schema:isSimilarTo
fabio:Policy
schema:isSimilarTo
foaf:Agent
schema:isSimilarTo
schema:isSimilarTo
LOD Cloud
schema:isSimilarTo
M. Agosti, N. Ferro, G. SilvelloAn Ontology to Make the DELOS Reference Model and the 5S Model Interoperable IRCDL 2016, 4-5 February 2016, Florence, Italy
Conclusions
We addressed the need for interoperability among DLS at a high level of abstraction and we show how this is achieved by a semantically-enabled representation of foundational DL models
We moved a step forward in making interoperability among DL closer to the ISO definition, since it provides the high level concepts needed to communicate, execute programs or transfer data, by representing the knowledge required in a minimal and consistent manner
Much work is still ahead of us, since the proposed ontology needs to be operationalized into actual DLS and, probably, it will need to be extended both to accomplish specific details that arise when you make actual systems interoperate and to address peculiar needs of specialised domains, which may depart from the common general view
16
Interoperability is “the capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires minimal knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units” [ISO/ IEC 2382-2015]