An Overview in Two Parts on The Greatest Thing this side of
Heaven
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Sacrament In Roman times was a sacred oath taken by soldiers
Latin translation of Greek mysterion youll see this again Mass
Comes from Ite missa est- Dismissal in Latin Liturgy A Greek word
meaning a public action offered by an individual for the sake of
the common good
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Jerusalem Antioch Rome Alexandria All connected to St.
Peter
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The spouse of the Incarnate Word, which is the Church, is
taught by the Holy Spirit. She strives to reach day by day a more
profound understanding of the sacred Scriptures, in order to
provide her children with food from the divine words. For this
reason she also duly fosters the study of the Fathers, both Eastern
and Western, and of the Sacred Liturgies [Italics mine]. Dei
Verbum, 23. Vatican II made me do it.
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Synoptic Gospels Matthew 26:26ff Mark 14:22 ff Luke 22:17 ff
John gives us the teaching in Ch. 6 1 Cor. 11:23-29 St. Paul
receives, tradition
Slide 9
No written documents about the form of the Mass but we do get a
glimpse from various sources Didache; St. Ignatius of Antioch; St.
Clement of Rome Didascalia; & St. Hippolytus St Justin Martyr
does give us the structure of the Mass in the mid- 2 nd Century in
Rome Letter in Defense to the Emperor
Slide 10
St. Ignatius of Antioch Knew St. John the Apostle Martyred in
Rome but wrote Letters to 7 Churches in Asia Minor Take note of
those who hold heterodox opinions on the grace of Jesus Christ
which has come to us and see how contrary their opinions are to the
mind of GodThey abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer because
they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior
Jesus Christ, flesh which suffered for our sins and which that
Father, in his goodness, raised up again. (Epist. to the
Smyrnaeans, Ch. 6) 110 A.D. Let that Eucharist be held valid which
is offered by the bishop or by the one to whom the bishop has
committed this charge. Wherever the bishop appears, there let the
people be; as wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic
Church. (Epist. to the Smyrnaeans, 8:1) 110 A.D. St. Clement of
Rome 4 th Pope; Mentioned by St. Paul in Philippians 4:3? Wrote his
famous Letter to the Corinthians ca. 96 A.D. The apostles
established the rule that when they [the overseers and ministers
the apostles had appointed] should die, other tested men should
succeed them in their cultic ministry (leitourgian). We regard it
as unjust, therefore, to remove from their cultic functions
(leitourgias) those who were put in charge by the apostles or by
other eminent men with the approbation of the entire Church.
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On the day we call the day of the Sun, all who dwell in the
city or country gather in the same place The memoirs of the
apostles and the writings of the prophets are read When the reader
has finished, he who presidesadmonishes & challenges them to
imitate these beautiful things. Then we all rise together and offer
prayers for ourselvesand for all other Sign of peace w/ a kiss
Then, someone brings bread and a cup of water and wine mixed
together to him who presides over the brethren He takes them and
offers praise and glory to the Father of the universe, through the
name of the Son and of the Holy Spirit and for a considerable time
he gives thanks (in Gk: eucharistian) that we have been judged
worthy of these gifts When he has concluded the prayers and
thanksgivings, all present give voice to an acclamation by saying:
Amen. When he who presides has given thanks and the people have
responded, those whom we call deacons give to those present the
eucharisted bread, wine and water and take them to those who are
absent.
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Gives the Emperor an overview of the structure of the Mass and
not every detail. He also writes From: Apology I. 66-67. ca. 150
A.D. Because this bread and wine have been made [into the]
Eucharistno one may take part in it unless he believes that what we
teach is true, has received baptism for the forgiveness of sins and
new birth, and lives in keeping with what Christ taught. For we do
not take these things as ordinary bread or ordinary drink. Just as
our Savior Jesus Christ was made flesh by the word of God and took
on flesh and blood for our salvation, so, also we were taught that
the food, for which thanksgiving has been made through the word of
prayer instituted by Him, and from which our blood and flesh are
nourished after the change, is the flesh of that Jesus who was made
flesh.
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Leonese (440 461) Gelasian (492 496) Gregorian (590 604)
Hadrian I & Charlemagne Copies produced like the one on the
left (mid-8 th. Cent. Gelasian) Scribes & Carolingian
Miniscule
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Dominican Missal from 1240 Leaf from French Missal ca.
1290
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Convened 1545-1563 Reasserted the teachings of the Church
against Protestantism Importance of the Sacraments Reformed the
Sacred Liturgy 1 st Universal Catechism Impetus behind the Catholic
Reformation
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Sacrosanctum Concilium Difference between the documents and
what actually happened. Implementation is a work in progress Latin
and the proper parts Decorum Sacred Music Chant Polyphony
Organ
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The Church has always venerated the divine Scriptures as she
venerated the body of the Lordparticularly in the Sacred LiturgyShe
has always regarded and continues to regard the Scriptures, taken
together with Sacred Tradition, as the supreme rule of her faithIn
the Sacred Books the Father Who is in heaven comes lovingly to meet
his children and talks with them. And such is the force and power
of the Word of God that it can serve the Church as her support and
vigor. Dei Verbum, 21. Ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of
Christ St. Jerome
Slide 19
The celebrating assembly is the community of the baptized who,
by regeneration and the anointing of the Holy Spirit are
consecrated to be a spiritual house and a holy priesthood, that
through all the works of Christian men they may offer spiritual
sacrifices. This common priesthood is that of Christ the sole
priest, in which all his members participate: Mother Church
earnestly desires that all the faithful should be led to that full
conscious, and active participation in liturgical celebrations
which is demanded by the very nature of the liturgy, and to which
the Christian people, a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy
nation, a redeemed people, have a right and an obligation [Emphasis
mine] by reason of their Baptism. CCC par. 1141.
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Is the idea of the priesthood of the Laity a Biblical concept?
See 1 Peter 2:9-10 The Sacrifice of our hearts and internal
participation Remember, were all in this together Pope Benedict in
Sacramentum Caritatis: Occasionally, even with the best intentions,
the goal of participation in the Sacred Liturgy is sometimes
misunderstood primarily as something external, as though the goal
is to engage as many people as possible as often as possible in the
celebration of the Mass. However, authentic participation must be
first and foremost an interior participation that engages the
heart, soul, and mind in the action of the Sacred Liturgy in a way
that expresses the faithfuls love of the Lord with all their heart,
mind, soul and strength (see Mark 12:30)
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It should be made clear that all who gather for the Eucharist
constitute that holy people which, together with the ministers,
play its part in the sacred action. It is indeed, the priest alone,
who, acting in the person of Christ, consecrates the bread and
wine, but the role of the faithful in the Eucharist is to recall
the passion, resurrection, and glorification of the Lord, to give
thanks to God, and to offer the immaculate Victim not only through
the hands of the priest, but also together with him; and finally,
by receiving the Body of the Lord, to perfect that communion with
God and among themselves which should be the product of
participation in the sacrifice of the Mass. Eucharisticum
Mysterium, 12 VII made me do this, too! All of these things should
be explained to the faithful, so that they may take an active part
in theMass
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The clearest way to understand the liturgy is to see it as the
exercise now on earth of Christs priestly officeSince the priestly
work of Christ concerns itself with worship and mans
sanctification, we should expect the liturgy to be specially
directed toward giving due honor to God and making the faithful
more holy and pleasing to God. (Fr. John Hardon, The Catholic
Catechism) CCC 1120 Cont. Reading: See the Priestly Office as
contained in the Book of Hebrews
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Introductory Rites Penitential Rite Gloria Opening Prayer Old
Testament Resp. Psalm New Testament Epistle Gospel Homily Nicene
Creed General Intercessions
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In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Spirit Matt. 28:19-20 The veil is torn between heaven & earth
See Gloria below
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Penitential Rite Priest and People say together the Confiteor
Invocation of the whole Church the Communion of Saints Kyrie
eleison (Lord have mercy) Greek nod to our ancient heritage when
the liturgy was in this ancient language. Also the language of the
NT. (See Next Slide about Greek elements in the Liturgy)
Slide 26
Pope & Patriarch Greek and Latin Deacons in the Gospel
Procession
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In Excelsis Deo Our voices blend with the angels who are
praising God eternally A reminder of the heavenly vista that opens
up before us Ancient hymn in East and West; first reference to use
in the Latin Rite, early 5 th Century
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Readings from the OT and the NT Psalms liturgical prayers for
the Jews St. Pauls Epistle, usually The Gospel Secret prayer
(either the deacon or priest) Munda cor meum Cleanse my heart &
my lips
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this never happens to me.
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when Im preaching...
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Vat. II on the Homily Drawing upon the unity of the OT/NT and
Patristics Integral for Sunday and HDOs, not the central point of
Mass It helps, Yes, but shouldnt be our only motive Serves as a
bridge b/t LOW and LOE The Eucharist is the reason we go to
Mass
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A Theological Text on the Trinity The Fruit of Nicaea (325) and
Constantinople (381) Nyssas theol. Contributions here Easy to speed
through it without contemplating the mysteries involved History
gives us respect for Athanasiuss contribution:
homoousios/consubstantial/one-in-being St. Gregory of Nyssa
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Offertory Preface Eucharistic Prayer Our Father Sign of Peace
Communion of the Priest Communion of the People Concluding Prayers
Ite missa est
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Bread, Wine, Offering brought forward Recall St. Justins
overview of the Mass in the mid-2 nd Cent. The same elements the
Lord used (unleavened bread; wine that is fruit of the vine)
Offering is two-fold (Mother Teresas advice)
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One of the most ancient parts of the Mass At least, back to the
time of St. Hippolytus esp. Euch. Prayer II And with your spirit
see St. John Chrysostom on the meaning of these words Statue of
Hippolytus, Vatican Library
Slide 36
Two Biblical Passages Isaiah 6:3 And one called to another and
said: "Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; the whole earth is
full of his glory. Revelation 4:8 And the four living creatures,
each of them with six wings, are full of eyes all round and within,
and day and night they never cease to sing, "Holy, holy, holy, is
the Lord God Almighty, who was and is and is to come!
Slide 37
Addressed to the Father the whole Liturgy is a prayer to the
Father, through the Son, by the power of the Holy Spirit Beautiful
theme especially in Eucharistic Prayer #1 A True Sacrifice
(mentioned 5xs in this EP) The Summit: the Words of Consecration
Surrounded by prayers For the pope and bishop Invocation of the
saints and martyrs (men & women) For the living and the dead
Reminded of the Trinity at the conclusion Christ & Apostles at
the Last Supper Catacombs of St. Domitilla, 4 th Century
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All of the Sacraments contain an epiklesis and invocation of
the Holy Spirit St. John Damascene The Holy Spirit comes upon [the
elements], and achieves things which surpass every word and
thought...
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John 6:52 ff. as discussed above: Unless you eat the flesh of
the Son of Man and drink his blood you have no life within you St.
John of the Cross: Our heavenly Father in giving us his only Son
has given us everythingin uttering that one solitary word He can
utter no more since He has said Everything.
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Father, we celebrate the memory of Christ your son. We your
people and your ministers recall his passion, his resurrection from
the dead, and his ascension into glory; And from the many gifts you
have given to us we offer to you God of glory and majesty this holy
and perfect sacrifice: the bread of life and the cup of eternal
salvation.
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Look with favor on these offerings and accept them as once you
accepted the gifts of your servant Abel, the sacrifice of Abraham
our father in faith; and the bread and wine offered by your priest
Melchizedek.
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Almighty God, we pray that your angel may take this sacrifice
to your altar in heaven. Then as we receive from this altar the
sacred body and blood of your Son, let us be filled with every
grace and blessing. Shows the connection between the heavenly and
the earthly liturgy
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The Our Father . 3 4 (From St. Lukes Gospel, Bodmer Papyrus,
right) Daily occurs nowhere else in the New TestamentTaken
literally epi-ousios: super- substantial it refers directly to the
Bread of Life, the Body of Christ, the medicine of immortality
without which we have no life within usits heavenly meaning is
evident: this day is the Day of the Lord, the day of the feast of
the kingdom, anticipated in the Eucharist that is already the
foretaste of the Kingdom. For this reason, it is fitting for the
Eucharistic liturgy to be celebrated each day. (CCC 2837)
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Prayer from the Byzantine Divine Liturgy is worthy of our
reflection prior to receiving Our Lord in Holy Communion: O Lord, I
believe and profess that You are truly Christ, the Son of the
living God, who came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am
the first Accept me as a partaker of Your mystical supper, O Son of
God; for I will not reveal Your mystery to Your enemies, nor will I
give You a kiss as did Judas, but like the thief I confess to you:
Remember me, O Lord, when You shall come into Your kingdom.
Remember me, O Master, when You shall come into Your kingdom.
Remember me, O Holy One, when You shall come into Your kingdom. May
the partaking of Your holy mysteries, O Lord, be not for my
judgment or condemnation, but for the healing of soul and body. O
Lord, I also believe and profess that this, which I am about to
receive, is truly Your most precious body, and Your life-giving
blood, which, I pray, make me worthy to receive for the remission
of all my sins and for life everlasting. Amen O God, be merciful to
me a sinner. O God, cleanse me of my sins and have mercy on me. O
Lord, forgive me, for I have sinned without number
Slide 45
The Lamb Prefigured and Fulfilled OT: Passover Lamb see the
prescription in Exodus. A perpetual institution. (Memorial or
Anamnesis) NT: Johns Gospel, Behold the Lamb of God Revelation 5:
the lamb slain who has power Rev. 19:9: Blessed are those who are
called to the wedding feast of the Lamb!
Slide 46
Why would Jesus do it this way? Believe it or not, there is a
discernible pattern: Recall, how the Bible recounts we fell from
grace By way of eating The restoration of grace that which we lost
comes about by way of our own eating Death came into the world
through one man (Adam) Eternal Life is inherited through the
actions of Christ, the New Adam as St. Paul refers to Him
Slide 47
To the offering of Christ are united not only the members here
on earth, but also those already in glory in heaven. In communion
with and commemorating the Blessed Virgin Mary and all the saints,
the Church offers the Eucharistic Sacrifice. In the Eucharist the
Church is as it were at the foot of the cross with Mary, united
with the offering and intercession of Christ. (CCC 1370)
Slide 48
You every wonder why the Mass just ends after we receive Holy
Communion? We can go no higher on this earthly plane In the
presence of and have received the God of the universe We have
experienced a foretaste of the summit
Slide 49
The Sacrifice of Christians: It follows that the whole redeemed
city, that is to say the congregation and community of the saints,
is offered as a corporate sacrifice through the great High Priest,
who also offered Himself in His Passion for us in the form of a
servant, that we might be the body of so glorious a head. As a
servant He offered Himself; in this form was He offered because in
this form is He mediator, in this form priestthis is the sacrifice
of Christians: we, the many are one body in Christ [Rom. 12:5]. And
this is also the sacrifice which the Church continually celebrates
in the sacrament of the altar which is known to the faithful. In it
the Church learns that in the offering which she makes. she herself
is offered
Slide 50
Every other food we eat we assimilate into our bodiesextracting
the nutrients necessary for us to function in a healthy way. Not so
with this heavenly food. In this instance [reception of Holy
Communion] we do not do the assimilating here. Its Christ Who
assimilates us and draws us into His Divine Life. We dont change
Christ it is He Who changes us!!! Truly become partakers of the
Divine Nature according to 2 Peter 1:4
Slide 51
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Post-Conciliar Documents. Costello Publishing Company, Inc.:
Northport, New York, 1996. Hahn, Scott. The Lambs Supper: The Mass
as Heaven on Earth. Doubleday: New York, 1999. Hardon, John. The
Catholic Catechism. Doubleday: New York, 1975. The Holy Bible.
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Origins and Development. 2 vols. Four Courts Press Ltd: Dublin,
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Liturgical Prayer. Ignatius Press: San Francisco, 2004. Ratzinger,
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Translated By Graham Harrison. Ignatius Press: San Francisco, 1986.
_________. The Spirit of the Liturgy. Translated by John Saward.
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