AN OVERVIEW OF AN OVERVIEW OF SOUTHERN REGION SOUTHERN REGION POWER SYSTEM POWER SYSTEM ADDITIONAL GENERAL MANAGER SRLDC, BANGALORE

AN OVERVIEW OFAN OVERVIEW OF

SOUTHERN REGIONSOUTHERN REGION

POWER SYSTEMPOWER SYSTEM

ADDITIONAL GENERAL MANAGERADDITIONAL GENERAL MANAGER

SRLDC, BANGALORESRLDC, BANGALORE

LINKSLINKS

INDIAN POWERGRIDS

POWER SECTORREFORMS

POWER SECTORDEVELOPMENT

ROLES OFORGANISATIONS

RLDCMANAGEMENT

INDIAN POWERTRANSMISSION

DEVELOMENT OFSOUTHERN REGION

OPEN ACCESS

INDIAN POWER GRIDSINDIAN POWER GRIDS

SOUTHERNSOUTHERN

REGIONREGION

(29,000 MW(29,000 MW))

NATIONAL GRID

NORTHERNNORTHERN

REGION REGION

(29,000 MW)(29,000 MW)

. . . . SG SG. . . . SG SG

WESTERN WESTERN REGIONREGION

(31,500 MW)(31,500 MW)

EASTERN EASTERN REGION REGION

(16,000 MW)(16,000 MW)

NORTH-NORTH-EASTERN EASTERN

REGIONREGION

(2500 MW)(2500 MW)

SYNCHRONOUSLY LINKEDSYNCHRONOUSLY LINKED

INSTALLED CAP :50,000 MW , LENGTH : 2500 Kms INSTALLED CAP :50,000 MW , LENGTH : 2500 Kms

. . . . SG SG. . . . SG SG . . . . SG SG

INSTALLED CAPACITY : 1,08,000 MWINSTALLED CAPACITY : 1,08,000 MW PEAK DEMAND: 82,000 MWPEAK DEMAND: 82,000 MW

TOTAL STATE GRIDS (SG) : 33TOTAL STATE GRIDS (SG) : 33 BACK

INDIAN POWER SECTOR PRIOR TO REFORMSINDIAN POWER SECTOR PRIOR TO REFORMS

Structure Structure

SEBs vertically integrated: Generation, Transmission SEBs vertically integrated: Generation, Transmission

and Distribution under one umbrella.and Distribution under one umbrella.

Administrative MechanismAdministrative Mechanism

Power sector administrated by GoI, REBs & SEBsPower sector administrated by GoI, REBs & SEBs

Planning & project approval through GoI/CEAPlanning & project approval through GoI/CEA

Tariff setting of central sector utilities by GoI/CEATariff setting of central sector utilities by GoI/CEA

Licensing function by the state Govts Licensing function by the state Govts

Grid operation by RLDCs Grid operation by RLDCs

In 1991, private sector participation in generation allowedIn 1991, private sector participation in generation allowed

In 1998, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the In 1998, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the

centre and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC) for centre and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC) for

the states setupthe states setup

In 1998, Transmission recognized as a distinct activity In 1998, Transmission recognized as a distinct activity

• Private sector participation in transmission also allowedPrivate sector participation in transmission also allowed

• POWERGRID notified as Central Transmission Utility (CTU) POWERGRID notified as Central Transmission Utility (CTU)

• State Govt. to notify State Transmission Utility (STU)State Govt. to notify State Transmission Utility (STU)

In 1991, private sector participation in generation allowedIn 1991, private sector participation in generation allowed

In 1998, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the In 1998, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the

centre and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC) for centre and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC) for

the states setupthe states setup

In 1998, Transmission recognized as a distinct activity In 1998, Transmission recognized as a distinct activity

• Private sector participation in transmission also allowedPrivate sector participation in transmission also allowed

• POWERGRID notified as Central Transmission Utility (CTU) POWERGRID notified as Central Transmission Utility (CTU)

• State Govt. to notify State Transmission Utility (STU)State Govt. to notify State Transmission Utility (STU)

POWER SECTOR REFORMSPOWER SECTOR REFORMS

Un-bundling & corporatisation of SEBs to make separate Un-bundling & corporatisation of SEBs to make separate corporations for Generation, Transmission and distribution for corporations for Generation, Transmission and distribution for better accountabilitybetter accountability

Formation of Power Trading Corporation (PTC) to facilitate Formation of Power Trading Corporation (PTC) to facilitate trading of power especially providing payment security to IPPstrading of power especially providing payment security to IPPs

In Distribution sector, Accelerated Power Development Reform In Distribution sector, Accelerated Power Development Reform Program (APDRP) undertaken for upgrading of sub-transmission Program (APDRP) undertaken for upgrading of sub-transmission and distribution networkand distribution network

Indian Electricity Act,2003 promulgated, consol ding previous Indian Electricity Act,2003 promulgated, consol ding previous Acts and moreActs and more

POWER SECTOR REFORMSPOWER SECTOR REFORMS CONTD CONTD

BACK

POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPOWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

1950’s 1970’s 1990’s

STATEProvince

REGIONAL

NATIONAL

• Constitution of CEA as NATIONAL PLANNER

• CEA to concur power projects

• Constitution of Vertically integrated SEBs for development on state level

• Constitution of CEA as NATIONAL PLANNER

• CEA to concur power projects

• Constitution of Vertically integrated SEBs for development on state level

• Development on Regional basis

• Constitution of REBs for regional grid operation

• Central Gen. cos. Constituted to develop big project on regional basis

• Development on Regional basis

• Constitution of REBs for regional grid operation

• Central Gen. cos. Constituted to develop big project on regional basis

• Formation of CTU

• CTU assigned the role of Grid operation (TSO)

• Formation of Regulatory bodies CERC & SERC

• Formation of CTU

• CTU assigned the role of Grid operation (TSO)

• Formation of Regulatory bodies CERC & SERC

CENTRAL GEN Cos./ IPPsCENTRAL GEN Cos./ IPPs

POWERGRIDPOWERGRID

CTU & Grid Operator ( RLDCs)CTU & Grid Operator ( RLDCs)

CEACEA

Central GovtCentral Govt

State GovtsState Govts

STUsSTUsTRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION

LICENCEESLICENCEES

INDIAN POWER SECTOR – CENTRAL LEVELINDIAN POWER SECTOR – CENTRAL LEVEL

RegulatorRegulator

(CERC)(CERC)

GENERATING COS.GENERATING COS.

STUs/ Grid Operator ( SLDCs)STUs/ Grid Operator ( SLDCs)

STATE GOVTs.STATE GOVTs.RegulatorRegulator

(SERC)(SERC)

DISCOMsDISCOMs

CENTRAL GOVTs.CENTRAL GOVTs.

INDIAN POWER SECTOR – STATE LEVELINDIAN POWER SECTOR – STATE LEVEL

BACK

FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PLAYERSFUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PLAYERS

Central GovernmentCentral Government

To prepare & publish National Electricity Policy and To prepare & publish National Electricity Policy and Tariff Policy in consultation with State Govts. and CEA Tariff Policy in consultation with State Govts. and CEA for development of power system based on optimal for development of power system based on optimal utilisation of resourcesutilisation of resources

Formulate a National Policy, in consultation with State Formulate a National Policy, in consultation with State Govts. and state commissions, for rural electrificationGovts. and state commissions, for rural electrification

Central govt. to establish an Appellate TribunalCentral govt. to establish an Appellate Tribunal

Appellate TribunalAppellate Tribunal

To hear appeals against the orders of the adjudicating To hear appeals against the orders of the adjudicating officer or the appropriate commission.officer or the appropriate commission.

Appellate Tribunals to have all powers of civil courtAppellate Tribunals to have all powers of civil court

Appeal against Judgment of Appellate tribunal only in Appeal against Judgment of Appellate tribunal only in Supreme courtSupreme court

FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PLAYERSCONTD

Central Electricity Authority (CEA)Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

To prepare National electricity plan in accordance with To prepare National electricity plan in accordance with the National electricity policy of Central Govt. and notify the National electricity policy of Central Govt. and notify the samethe same

Specify technical standard for construction, operation Specify technical standard for construction, operation & maintenance of electrical plants, electric lines and & maintenance of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to the gridconnectivity to the grid

Advice the appropriate Govt./Commission on all Advice the appropriate Govt./Commission on all technical matters related to Generation, transmission technical matters related to Generation, transmission and distributionand distribution

FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PLAYERSFUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PLAYERSCONTD CONTD

Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)

To regulate tariff of central generating companies To regulate tariff of central generating companies

To determine the tariff & regulate inter-state transmission of To determine the tariff & regulate inter-state transmission of electricity electricity

To issue licensees to function as transmission licensees To issue licensees to function as transmission licensees (other than CTU) and electricity trader with respect to inter-(other than CTU) and electricity trader with respect to inter-state operationstate operation

Aid & Advice the Central Govt. for formulation of National Aid & Advice the Central Govt. for formulation of National electricity policy & Tariff policy.electricity policy & Tariff policy.

To specify the Grid CodeTo specify the Grid Code

Develop appropriate policies & procedures for Develop appropriate policies & procedures for Environmental regulation of the power sectorEnvironmental regulation of the power sector

FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PLAYERSCONTD

Central Transmission Utility (CTU)Central Transmission Utility (CTU)

Discharge all functions of planning & co-ordination for Discharge all functions of planning & co-ordination for inter-state transmission system with state transmission inter-state transmission system with state transmission utilities, Central Govt., State Govt., Generating utilities, Central Govt., State Govt., Generating companies, Authority, Licensees etccompanies, Authority, Licensees etc

To ensure development of an efficient, coordinated To ensure development of an efficient, coordinated and economical system of inter-state transmission and economical system of inter-state transmission lines for smooth flow of electricity from generating lines for smooth flow of electricity from generating stations to load centersstations to load centers

To exercise supervision & control over the inter-state To exercise supervision & control over the inter-state transmission systemtransmission system

To ensure integrated operation of the regional grids To ensure integrated operation of the regional grids through RLDCsthrough RLDCs


State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC)State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC)

To determine the tariff for electricity within the stateTo determine the tariff for electricity within the state

To regulate operation of power system within the To regulate operation of power system within the statestate

Issue licensees for Transmission, distribution & Issue licensees for Transmission, distribution & trading of electricity within the statetrading of electricity within the state

To specify State Grid Code consistent with Grid CodeTo specify State Grid Code consistent with Grid Code

Advice state Govt. on matters like promotion of Advice state Govt. on matters like promotion of competition, efficiency, investment and economy in competition, efficiency, investment and economy in the electrical industry the electrical industry


Regional Load Despatch Center (RLDC)Regional Load Despatch Center (RLDC)

Apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power Apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power system in the regionsystem in the region

Give directions and exercise supervision and control Give directions and exercise supervision and control which is required for integrated operation to achieve which is required for integrated operation to achieve maximum economy and efficiencymaximum economy and efficiency

Scheduling/Re-scheduling of generation and contingency Scheduling/Re-scheduling of generation and contingency analysisanalysis

System restoration following Grid disturbancesSystem restoration following Grid disturbances

Metering & Data collectionMetering & Data collection

Compiling & furnishing data pertaining to system Compiling & furnishing data pertaining to system operationoperation

FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PLAYERS

BACK

RLDC’s MANAGEMENTRLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Territorial Jurisdiction:Territorial Jurisdiction:

Five Regions In Country:Five Regions In Country:• NorthernNorthern• SouthernSouthern• EasternEastern• WesternWestern• North – EasternNorth – Eastern

SYSTEM OPERATION SYSTEM OPERATION HIERARCHYHIERARCHY

NLDC

NRLDC WRLDC SRLDC ERLDC NERLDC

KARNATAKA

SLDC

KERALA

SLDC

TAMILNADU

SLDC

AP

SLDC

PONDY

SLDC

ERODE

Sub-LDCMADRAS

Sub-LDC

MADURAI

Sub-LDC


Operating Agency:Operating Agency:-- A Govt. Company or any Authority A Govt. Company or any Authority or or Corporation established Corporation established under Central Act.under Central Act.

-- Presently responsibility entrusted Presently responsibility entrusted to :to :Central Transmission Utility - Central Transmission Utility -

POWERGRIDPOWERGRID


Challenges:Challenges:

• Frequent Grid Disturbances / BlackoutsFrequent Grid Disturbances / Blackouts• Wide Frequency / Voltage excursionsWide Frequency / Voltage excursions• Transmission BottlenecksTransmission Bottlenecks• Sub-Optimal OperationSub-Optimal Operation• Stressed Equipments and OperatorsStressed Equipments and Operators


RLDC Responsibilities: RLDC Responsibilities:

- Efficient, Economical and Integrated transmission and supply of Electricity

- Co-ordination of facilities for inter-state, regional and inter-regional generation and transmission of electricity

- Apex body to ensure integrated operation of Power System in the concerned region


Co-ordination Functions: Co-ordination Functions:

- Merit Order Operation

- Resource Scheduling

- Facilitating inter-state and inter-regional transactions

- Transmission corridor usage allocation and loss optimization

- Scheduling Co-ordination

- Keeping accounts of electricity transmitted through regional grid


Real Time Functions: Real Time Functions:

- System security and integrity

- Facilitating inter-state and inter-regional spot trading

- Load-Generation balance and maintenance of system parameters

- State estimation and contingency evaluation

- System contingency handling and revival


Real Time Operation : StrengthsReal Time Operation : Strengths• Simple, but effective toolsSimple, but effective tools• Holistic approach rather than relying only Holistic approach rather than relying only

on elaborate codified procedureson elaborate codified procedures• Co-operative CultureCo-operative Culture

Real Time Operation stands on two firm footingsReal Time Operation stands on two firm footings IEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODEIEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE ABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFFABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE (IEGC)INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE (IEGC)

• SIMPLE, COMPREHENSIVE AND EFFECTIVE SIMPLE, COMPREHENSIVE AND EFFECTIVE • ADAPTIVE TO GRID REQUIREMENTSADAPTIVE TO GRID REQUIREMENTS• CLARITY IN ROLES OF STAKE HOLDERSCLARITY IN ROLES OF STAKE HOLDERS• Encompasses:Encompasses:

-- Planning Code for Inter State TransmissionPlanning Code for Inter State Transmission

-- Connection Conditions Connection Conditions

-- Operating Code for Regional Grids Operating Code for Regional Grids

-- Scheduling and Dispatch CodeScheduling and Dispatch Code

-- Management of Indian Electricity Grid CodeManagement of Indian Electricity Grid Code

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Availability Based TariffAvailability Based Tariff• A Rational Tariff StructureA Rational Tariff Structure• Complements Grid ReliabilityComplements Grid Reliability• Encourage Those Who Help The Grid Encourage Those Who Help The Grid

and Discourage Those Who and Discourage Those Who Undermine ReliabilityUndermine Reliability

• Simple and EffectiveSimple and Effective• Scientific Settlement System on Scientific Settlement System on

Weekly BasisWeekly Basis

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT


Availability Based Tariff : Price MechanismAvailability Based Tariff : Price Mechanism

Fixed CostFixed Cost : Plant Availability: Plant Availability

Variable CostVariable Cost :: Schedule EnergySchedule Energy

DeviationDeviation :: Unscheduled Unscheduled Interchange (UI)Interchange (UI)

Attracting frequency Attracting frequency Linked ChargesLinked Charges

FREQUENCY vs UI PRICE

0

28

56

84

112

140

168

196

224

252

280

308

336

364

392

420

448

51

50.9

50.8

50.7

50.6

50.5

50.4

50.3

50.2

50.1 50

49.9

49.8

49.7

49.6

49.5

49.4

49.3

49.2

49.1 49

48.9

48.8

48.7

48.6

48.5

FREQUENCY

PA

ISE

/UN

IT

49 HZ

50.5 HZ

49.5 HZ

50 HZ

49.5 HZ CORRESPONDS TO RS.2.80

UI PRICE AND FREQUENCYUI PRICE AND FREQUENCY

The Power Of UI:The Power Of UI:• Linked To Frequency – Linked To Frequency –

– Collectively Controlled, Democratically StabilizedCollectively Controlled, Democratically Stabilized– Known Online To All - TransparencyKnown Online To All - Transparency

• Simple – No Elaborate Calculation RequiredSimple – No Elaborate Calculation Required• No Fear Of Price RiggingNo Fear Of Price Rigging• No Need For Negotiating No Need For Negotiating • Promotes DisciplinePromotes Discipline• Strong Nash Equilibrium Strong Nash Equilibrium • Dovetails With Loose Power Pools PhilosophyDovetails With Loose Power Pools Philosophy• Platform For A Platform For A POWER MARKETPOWER MARKET

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

THE POWER OF UI (Contd.):THE POWER OF UI (Contd.):

• UI Vector Sends The Signals For UI Vector Sends The Signals For – Optimization In The Control AreaOptimization In The Control Area– Realistic Load-Generation PlanningRealistic Load-Generation Planning– Trade, Bilateral and ContractsTrade, Bilateral and Contracts

• Indian Equivalent of The Spot and Balancing Indian Equivalent of The Spot and Balancing MarketMarket

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

BACK

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

INSTALLED CAPACITY:109,300 MW

INSTALLED CAPACITY:29,400 MW

INSTALLED CAPACITY:31680 MW




SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

‘ELECTRICAL’

REGIONS1

2

3

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID

NER

ER

NR

WR

SR

EXISTING

500MW

MW1000

MW500

GAZUWAKA

CHANDRAPUR

VINDHYACHAL

SASARAM

UNDERCONST.

EXISTING

400 kV

220 kV

BONGAIGAONBIRPARA

MALDA

KORBA BUDHIPADAR

KOLHAPUR

BELGAUM

U.SILERU

BALIMELA

DEHRISAHUPURI

MALANPUR

AURAIYA

PHASE-I(By 2002)

HVDC STATION

KOLAR

(KARNATAKA)

TALCHER

ORISSA)

INTER REGIONAL LINKS

RAIPUR ROURKELA

TOTAL TRANSFER CAPABILITY ON INTER REGIONAL HVDC

4500 MW

765 KV RING MAIN SYSTEM

BACK

THE FIRST POWER STATION IN THE FIRST POWER STATION IN SOUTH ASIA- SIVANSAMUDRA 1902SOUTH ASIA- SIVANSAMUDRA 1902

EVOLUTION: DID YOU KNOW?EVOLUTION: DID YOU KNOW?1172

1902: ASIA’S FIRST HYDRO GENERATING STATION AT SHIVANSAMUDRA-42 MW

SIVANSAMUDRA WAS CONNECTED TO KGF

BY A 78.5 KV D/C LINE. POWER WAS

DELIVERED AT 25 HZ!!!KGF

SIVA

A 78.5 KV D/C LINE WAS ALSO LAID

BETWEEN SIVANSAMUDRA AND

MYSORE. A FREQUENCY

CONVERTER AT MYSORE DELIVERED

50 HZ!MYSORE

EVOLUTION: YEAR-1975EVOLUTION: YEAR-1975

KOLHAPUR

BELGAUM

BANGALORE

HUBLI

SHARAVATHY

MANGALORE

MYSORE

SHIMOGA

SHARAVATHY-1964-1035 MW

MUNIRABAD-1962-27 MW

TB DAM-1955-14.4 MW

BHADRA-1962-39.2 MW

SIVA-1902-42 MW

SHIMSHA-1940-17.2 MW

MGHE-1947-120 MW

•PRE EIGHTIESPRE EIGHTIES States used to operate independently with States used to operate independently with

their their

own internal generation.own internal generation. There are few 220 KV lines across the states There are few 220 KV lines across the states

and also used only on emergency and and also used only on emergency and occasionally to meet the need.occasionally to meet the need.

Result Result No optimization in generationNo optimization in generation No integrated operation.No integrated operation. No merit-order in generationNo merit-order in generation

•EARLY EIGHTIESEARLY EIGHTIES Central generating stations came upCentral generating stations came up Regional grids started taking shapeRegional grids started taking shape Tussle due to uneven comparison between Tussle due to uneven comparison between

tariffs of Central and SEBs’ stations (total cost tariffs of Central and SEBs’ stations (total cost vs. variable cost)vs. variable cost)

States demanded backing down of Central States demanded backing down of Central generationgeneration

Central stations reluctant to back downCentral stations reluctant to back down

Result Result High frequency in off-peak hoursHigh frequency in off-peak hours Also, low frequency during peak load hours, due Also, low frequency during peak load hours, due

to SEBs’ unchecked over drawals.to SEBs’ unchecked over drawals. No merit-order in generationNo merit-order in generation

1990: K.P.Rao Committee1990: K.P.Rao Committee Recognized Recognized the the problem, but could not agreeproblem, but could not agree

on/recommend a solution.on/recommend a solution.

1993-94: A structured study by N/s. 1993-94: A structured study by N/s. ECC, USA, funded by ADB, ECC, USA, funded by ADB, sponsored by WB as a covenant sponsored by WB as a covenant of loans to of loans to POWERGRIDPOWERGRID

Availability TariffAvailability Tariff1995-98: NTF/RTFs, formed for AT 1995-98: NTF/RTFs, formed for AT

implementation, bogged down in implementation, bogged down in unending discussions.unending discussions.

1998 : CERC Has been formed by an1998 : CERC Has been formed by an act of Parliamentact of Parliament

1999 : Matter transferred to CERC: Hearings 1999 : Matter transferred to CERC: Hearings etc.,etc.,

20002000 : CERC Order, but stayed due to petitions : CERC Order, but stayed due to petitions :: Notification of IEGC by CERC Notification of IEGC by CERC

2000-02 : Problems of regional grid operation 2000-02 : Problems of regional grid operation continued. Many intractable continued. Many intractable commercial disputes also arose. commercial disputes also arose.

2002-03 : AT implemented ultimately, as there 2002-03 : AT implemented ultimately, as there was no other solution:was no other solution: WR – 01.07.02; NR – 01.12.02;WR – 01.07.02; NR – 01.12.02; SR – 01.01.03; ER – 01.04.03;SR – 01.01.03; ER – 01.04.03; NER: 01.11.03;NER: 01.11.03;

14336 (49%)

10530 (36%)780 (3%)2783 (9%)

28 (0.1%)

943 (3%)

HYDRO THERMAL GAS WIND IPP NUCLEAR

INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SOUTHERN REGION IN MW

29400 MW

HYDRO

THERMAL

WIND

IPPNUCLEAR

GAS

SOUTHERN REGIONSOUTHERN REGIONINSTALLED CAPACITY: 29400

MW

MAX DEMAND MET:20428 MWKARNATAKAMAX DEMAND MET

4805 MWINSTALLED CAPACITY

5041 MWDAILY CONSUMPTION

79 MU

ANDHRAPRADESHMAX DEMAND MET

7143 MW

9065 MWINSTALLED CAPACITY

DAILY CONSUMPTION

130 MU

TAMILNADUMAX DEMAND MET

7138 MW

6890 MW

INSTALLED CAPACITY

DAILY CONSUMPTION

125 MU

KERALAMAX DEMAND MET

2348 MW

2602MWINSTALLED CAPACITY

DAILY CONSUMPTION

35 MU

SR GRID MAPSR GRID MAP

KHAMMAM

VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR

VISAKHAPATNAM

(POWERGRID)HYDERABAD

RAICHUR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

UDUMALPET

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

MADRAS

NEYVELI

CUDDAPAHDAVANAGERE

KAIGA

115

317

RSTPP

BHADRAVATI

130x2

164x

218

2

151

181

173

302

308172

277

279

155

178x

2

PONDICHERY

BANGALORE

SIRSI

MUNIRABAD

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

N

KOLAR

PALLOM

KAYANKULAM EDAMON

TALCHER

JEYPORE

63

187

2x78

2x221

54

HOSUR

KADRA

KODASAALY

Nagjhari

1

120

60

MAPS

P

SSLMM

MMDP

THIRUVANATHAPURAM

ALMATHI

NELLORE400 KV LINE PRESENTLY

OPERATED AT 220 KVNELAMANGALA

KURNOOL

GAZUWAKA(AP)

SIMHADRI NTPC

HIRIYUR

189

195

267x

2

258

242

98

175

179

127

130x

2

221x2

146x2

52x2

197x2

301x2

8x4

15x2

300

28

330

3500 MW TRANSFER CAPABILITY ON HVDC

ABOUT 38000 CKM OF 400/220 KV TRANSMISSION

ULDC-THE EYES AND EARS OF THE SYSTEM OPERATORULDC-THE EYES AND EARS OF THE SYSTEM OPERATOR

• ALL CONSTITUENTS GET THE SAME DATA IN REAL ALL CONSTITUENTS GET THE SAME DATA IN REAL TIME.TIME.– TRANSPARENCY.TRANSPARENCY.– SYNERGY IN OPERATION.SYNERGY IN OPERATION.– NO “PASSING THE BUCK” APPROACH.NO “PASSING THE BUCK” APPROACH.

• QUANTUM LEAP IN VISIBILITY TO OPERATORQUANTUM LEAP IN VISIBILITY TO OPERATOR..– INCREASED CONFIDENCE.INCREASED CONFIDENCE.– FOCUS ON SECURITY AND ECONOMY.FOCUS ON SECURITY AND ECONOMY.– INCRESED SCOPE FOR TRANSACTIONS WITH OTHER INCRESED SCOPE FOR TRANSACTIONS WITH OTHER

REGIONSREGIONS

• PREMPTIVE, DYNAMIC “EARLY WARNING” PREMPTIVE, DYNAMIC “EARLY WARNING” SYSTEMS.SYSTEMS.

• GRID LESS VULNERABLE TO DISTURBANCES.GRID LESS VULNERABLE TO DISTURBANCES.• ACCURATE AND EASY ANALYSIS OF GRID ACCURATE AND EASY ANALYSIS OF GRID

INCIDENTS INCIDENTS • FASTER RESTORATION AFTER PERTURBATIONFASTER RESTORATION AFTER PERTURBATION

BACK

““OPEN ACCESSOPEN ACCESS””

Enabling of non-discriminatory sale/purchase of Enabling of non-discriminatory sale/purchase of electric power/energy between two parties electric power/energy between two parties utilizing the system of an in-between (third) utilizing the system of an in-between (third) party, and not blocking it on unreasonable party, and not blocking it on unreasonable

grounds grounds

ELECTRICITY ACT 2003ELECTRICITY ACT 2003“ ‘“ ‘Open Access’ means the non-Open Access’ means the non-

discriminatory provision for use of discriminatory provision for use of transmission line or distribution system transmission line or distribution system or associated facilities with such line or or associated facilities with such line or system by any licensee or consumer or a system by any licensee or consumer or a person engaged in generation in person engaged in generation in accordance with the regulation specified accordance with the regulation specified by the appropriate Commissionby the appropriate Commission.”.”

THE TRADING FRAME THE TRADING FRAME WORKWORK

CTU – INTER REGION

CTU_WEST

CTU_SOUTH

CTU_NORTH

CTU_EAST

CTU_NE

STU

STU

STU

ELECTRICITY ACT 2003ELECTRICITY ACT 2003

PART -II

(23) "electricity" means electrical energy-

(a) generated, transmitted, supplied or traded for any purpose; or

(b) used for any purpose except the transmission of a message;

(71) "trading" means purchase of electricity for resale thereof and the expression

"trade" shall be construed accordingly

PART-IV

14. The Appropriate Commission may, on application made to it under section 15,

grant any person license to any person -

(a) to transmit electricity as a transmission licensee; or

(b) to distribute electricity as a distribution licensee; or

(c) to undertake trading in electricity as an electricity trader,

in any area which may be specified in the license:

PART-VI, ELECTRICITY ACT 2003PART-VI, ELECTRICITY ACT 2003

Provisions with respect to electricity tradersProvisions with respect to electricity traders52. (1) Without prejudice to the provisions 52. (1) Without prejudice to the provisions

contained in clause (c) of section 12, the contained in clause (c) of section 12, the Appropriate Commission may, specify the Appropriate Commission may, specify the technical requirement, capital adequacy technical requirement, capital adequacy requirement and credit worthiness for requirement and credit worthiness for being an electricity trader.being an electricity trader.

(2) Every electricity trader shall discharge (2) Every electricity trader shall discharge such duties, in relation to supply and such duties, in relation to supply and trading in electricity, as may be specified trading in electricity, as may be specified by the Appropriate Commission.by the Appropriate Commission.

PART-X- ELECTRICITY ACT 2003PART-X- ELECTRICITY ACT 2003

79. (1) The Central Commission shall 79. (1) The Central Commission shall discharge the following functions,discharge the following functions,

namely:-namely:-(e) to issue licenses to persons to (e) to issue licenses to persons to

function as transmission licensee function as transmission licensee andand

electricity trader with respect to their electricity trader with respect to their inter-State operations.inter-State operations.


Catagoresiation Of Open Access CustomersCatagoresiation Of Open Access Customers

Short Term - Upto one yearShort Term - Upto one year

Long term - Five years or moreLong term - Five years or more

All Open Access Customers to be abide by All Open Access Customers to be abide by IEGC.IEGC.


Nodal agencyNodal agency

Short Term Customers - Short Term Customers -

RLDC of the Region in which RLDC of the Region in which the drawal point is located the drawal point is located

Long term Customers -Long term Customers -

Central Transmission UtilityCentral Transmission Utility


Processing of ApplicationProcessing of Application

Short Term CustomersShort Term Customers - -

Nodal RLDC to interact with concerned Nodal RLDC to interact with concerned RLDCs/SLDCs to process the same in a specified time RLDCs/SLDCs to process the same in a specified time period. Applicant has to furnish point of injection/drawal, period. Applicant has to furnish point of injection/drawal, MW etc.MW etc.

Long term CustomersLong term Customers - -

CTU to carry out studies in consultation CTU to carry out studies in consultation with RLDC/STU. Suggest augmentation/strengthening with RLDC/STU. Suggest augmentation/strengthening required, if anyrequired, if any


Transmission PricingTransmission Pricing

Regional Postage stamp as per CERC’s notification Regional Postage stamp as per CERC’s notification dated 26.03.01 to be followed dated 26.03.01 to be followed

Utility importing power to pay wheeling charges Utility importing power to pay wheeling charges in respect of in respect of

1. Exporting region1. Exporting region

2. Inter regional assets2. Inter regional assets

3. Importing region3. Importing region

4. Intervening state utility, if any4. Intervening state utility, if any

( No charges payable to intervening region)( No charges payable to intervening region)


Energy MeteringEnergy Metering

SEMs to be installed by direct customers and SEMs to be installed by direct customers and if required by embedded customers.if required by embedded customers.

SEMs to meet RLDC/CTU requirements and SEMs to meet RLDC/CTU requirements and shall be open for inspection/testing by shall be open for inspection/testing by CTU/RLDC.CTU/RLDC.


Energy AccountingEnergy Accounting

Active Energy Active Energy

UI Pricing mechanism applied to inter state UI Pricing mechanism applied to inter state transactions of Open Access Customerstransactions of Open Access Customers

UI bills shall be raised to SEB/STUs Segregation UI bills shall be raised to SEB/STUs Segregation of UI charges among DISCOMS as well as embedded of UI charges among DISCOMS as well as embedded Open Access Customers to be done by the SEB/STUOpen Access Customers to be done by the SEB/STU

Reactive EnergyReactive Energy

CERC’s scheme to be appliedCERC’s scheme to be applied


Energy LossesEnergy Losses

Existing methodology Existing methodology as per 4.9 of CERC’s notification as per 4.9 of CERC’s notification dated dated 26.03.01 to be continued I.e Transmission 26.03.01 to be continued I.e Transmission losses ( and not incremental loss) to be shared losses ( and not incremental loss) to be shared by Open Access Customersby Open Access Customers


Scheduling and System Operation Charges

Short term open access customers has to pay to the concerned RLDC and SLDC

Scheduling and System operation Charges :

Rs. 3000/- per day or part of day

For Each Revision :

Rs. 2000/-


Existing bilateral transactionsExisting bilateral transactions

to be given priority in allotmentto be given priority in allotment customers to apply a fresh within 30 dayscustomers to apply a fresh within 30 days

Curtailment PrirorityCurtailment Prirority

Original beneficiaries to receive similar Original beneficiaries to receive similar treatment as for Long Term Open Access Customers.treatment as for Long Term Open Access Customers.

In case of transmission constraint Short Term In case of transmission constraint Short Term Customers to be curtailed first. Within a category of service Customers to be curtailed first. Within a category of service curtailment on pro rata basiscurtailment on pro rata basis


Time-schedule for Processing Application

S.No. Duration of service Max. Processing time

1. Short-Term Service

Up to One day One day Up to one week Three days Up to one month Seven days Up to one year Thirty days

2. Long-Term Service

Five years or more Ninety days

4.9 Wheeling Charges for inter-state transmission :

4.9.1 Wheeling on POWERGRID/Licensee’ s system:

4.9.1.1 In case of inter-regional transmission of power through the transmission system belonging to POWERGRID or any Licensee, the total monthlycharges payable to them by the importing, exporting and intermediary regions (if any) shall remain the same

4.9.1.2 Till introduction of ABT, the sharing of monthly transmission charges shall be in proportion to energy drawal. In case of importing region, the monthly transmission charges payable to POWERGRID/Licensee shall be shared in proportion to energy drawal as per Regional Energy Accounting including energy drawn from exporting region. In case of exporting region,the monthly transmission charges payable to POWERGRID/Licensee shall be shared by its constituents and beneficiaries (importing utilities)outside the region in proportion to energy drawal as per Regional Energy Accounting. Subsequent to introduction of ABT, sharing of the monthly transmission charges shall be on the basis of capacity allocation and contracted power. No transmission charges shall, however, be payable by the importing utility for utilisation of POWERGRID/Licensee system in intermediary region(s).

4.9.1.3 The transmission losses shall be payable for utilisation of the POWERGRID/Licensee's system.

4.9.1 Wheeling on POWERGRID/Licensee’ s system:

4.9.2 Wheeling through SEB/State Utility system:

4.9.2.1 In case of wheeling of power through SEB/state utility system, the importing utility and the wheeling utility shall endeavor to mutually agree on wheeling charges as well as transmission losses. In such cases, approval of the Commission shall not be required. However, the wheeling utility shall not deny use of its system merely on the basis of non-agreement on wheeling charges.


4.9.2.2 If the parties are not able to agree on the wheeling charges, the Contract Path method shall be used for calculation of wheeling charges. Monthly transmission charges of this path would be payablein proportion to contracted power vis-à-vis SIL of the lines in the contracted path. The monthly transmission charges for the contract path shall be calculated as per the provisions of this notification.


4.9.2.3 In case, wheeling utility makes some special arrangement (such as backing down cheaper generation) to facilitate exchange, the verifiable opportunity cost or the charges calculated as per contract path method, which ever is higher, shall be payable to the wheeling utility. In any case, the wheeling charges shall not exceed the charges corresponding to a new transmission line of adequatecapacity along the contracted path. The Member Secretary, REB of the region in which wheeling utility is located, shall calculate wheeling charges by applying the principles enumerated above.


4.9.2.4 The incremental transmission losses on account of wheeling shall be payable in kind i.e. the transmission losses shall be compensated byan equivalent amount of energy charged to the importing utility. In case of non-agreement on the issue of transmission losses, the studies to determine incremental transmission losses in the wheeling utility system shall also be carried out by the Member Secretary of the region concerned.


4.9.2.5 The Commission may be approached in case of disagreement with the decision of Member Secretary, REB. Pending the final order of the Commission, decision of the Member Secretary, REB shall beimplemented on provisional basis..

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Documents

AN OVERVIEW OF AN OVERVIEW OF SOUTHERN REGION SOUTHERN REGION POWER SYSTEM POWER SYSTEM ADDITIONAL GENERAL MANAGER SRLDC, BANGALORE