Gasification Technologies Conference 2015 Colorado Spring, Colorado

An Overview of Gasification Commercialization for Power

Qianlin Zhuang, Ph.D. Eng. EcoZenergy & Industrials, LLC., Texas, USA

Economic Dependence on Fossil Fuels

17.8%

5.1%

67.5%

0.9% 7.2% 1.5%

Oil

NG

Coal

Nuk

Hydro

Re-

36.7%

29.6%

20.1%

8.3%

2.7% 2.6%

Primary Energy Consumption Mix, 2013

US China

2,266 mtoe 2,852 mtoe

Crude oil and natural gas made up 65.5% in US primary energy

consumed in 2013 while coal contributed 67.5% to China’s primary

energy use.

Recent demand for emission control and reduction in China and

the political drive for CO2 cap and reduction has imposed a

significant challenge to coal and its value chain sector.

Clean coal technology has become increasingly important.

Source: BP Energy Outlook 2014

Pollutant Unit “NEW Targets” Current Limits 9 Special Areas/Rest China

SO2 mg/m3

30 50/200

NOx mg/m3 30 100/200

Mercury mg/m3 - 0.03

Particulate Matter (PM)

mg/m3 5~10 20/30

Conventional Power Generation Technology

Ultra-supercritical power generation technology has progressed

significantly in areas of capital investment and performance.

Meeting more stringent standard, however, seems hard with

existing emission control technologies.

Clean coal technology such as IGCC needs a leap in managing

both capital investment and performance.

Source: China national Standards

IGCC Development Roadmap

The superior environmental performance of IGCC technology

has been well recognized.

First generation IGCC showcased an efficiency at lower 30s% .

IGCC development has since essentially remained at a level of

the second generation technology.

30+ years development and trials have acquired a significant

knowledge and know-how around critical units.

2010 1980 1990 2000 Cool Water

IGCC Demo

USA

Buggenum IGCC

Netherlands

Wabash River IGCC

USA

Tampa IGCC

USA

Duke IGCC

630 MW, USA

Nakoso

IGCC

Japan

GreenGen IGCC

250 MW, China

Korea IGCC

250 MW, 2015

Southern IGCC

580 MW, 2015

Puertollano IGCC

Spain

LGTI

Demo

Dow, USA

A Sketch of IGCC

ASU

Feed Prep

Gasification

Syngas

Cleanup &

Conditioning

Combined

Cycle Island

SRU

BOP

Effluents

Management

CO2

Management

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

GT Rating Plant Output

Gas Turbine Experience on Syngas N

et

Po

wer

Ou

tpu

t, M

W

GE7F

SG5-2000E

SG6-5000F

Alstom AK13E

M701F

GE6F/9E

GE6B

M701D

Solid Feedstock

(Others liquid

feeds)

Source: various public domains

Where IGCC Stands

Experience with a range gas turbines has been acquired.

Combined cycle island has relatively been “modularized”.

Critical

Equipment

Non-standard syngas making

process including gasification

and gas clean-up needs

additional development for a

system-wide understanding.

Getting over the learning

curve will definitely help

establish the baseline for

IGCC project.

Coal (from the Old English term col, which has

meant "mineral of fossilized carbon" since the 13th

century) is a combustible black or brownish-black

sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in

layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

Coal

C H N O S Cl

Ash Na K Fe Al Si …

Major Differences from Crude

Coal is an amorphous, highly heterogeneous hydrocarbon

containing impurities that emit in different forms as pollutants.

Fundamental Perspective of Gasification The Entrained Bed technologies have been mostly deployed

in coal to chemicals, the dominant commercial application.

Non-slagging

Slagging

T4

T3

T2

T1

Ash Fusion Temp (AFT),

Entrained Bed

Fixed/Moving Bed

Gasification condition

dictates design

principle and

consequently impact,

-Feedstock suitability

-Syngas quality

-Efficiency

-Unit capacity

Gasification should

be evaluated in

context of the total

system.

Gasifier Temp Profile

Gasification Commercialization In China N

um

ber

of

Pro

jects

Fertilizer demand was the early market driver for coal gasification

Large scale coal to methanol projects took off around 2007 and have

been quickly “modularized”.

Through the multi-projects, coal gasification technology has overcome the

learning curve and acquired extensive know-how (equipment, unit,

materials, system and operation etc.).

COD

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Methanol 300k~600k

Methanol <300k

Ammonia 300k~600k

Ammonia <300k

Product capacity in annual tons

Project larger than 600k TPY not included

Establishing Coal Gasification Expertise

The acquired skills and know-how have contributed to

success of recent ‘mega’ coal to olefins/liquids

projects.

System Integration

Metallurgy

Chemistry

Core Technologies components

Engineering Capability

Manufacture Supply Chain

Project Execution

Operating Experience

Challenges

Optimization for

efficiency gain

Reduce water footprint

IGCC Moving Forward

Technology

Innovation

Need a leap in critical

technologies

ASU

Gas turbine

New processes

System Knowledge

Leverage GTs with robust

performance

Distributed market

Cogen opportunities

Large IGCC projects

Knowledge Sharing

Global cooperation to leverage existing

hands-on experience

Engineering capability

Manage cost & schedule

Shorten learning curve

IGCC development activity seems at crossroad. Its future

hinges on its capability to address a combination of issues

such as efficiency advancing, water footprint reduction,

emissions control, and CO2 management etc..

THANK YOU

EcoZenergy & Industrials, LLC.