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An urban species?. KGA171 The Global Geography of Change Presented by Associate Professor Elaine Stratford Semester 1. Manhattan – the urban archetype. Part 1. Looking forward, looking back. Revising Module 5 Lecture 2. What is food security? Its opposite? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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An urban species?
KGA171 The Global Geography of ChangePresented by Associate Professor Elaine StratfordSemester 1
LOOKING FORWARD, LOOKING BACKPart 1
Revising Module 5 Lecture 21. What is food security? Its opposite?2. What does Chapter 4 of Agenda 21 have to say about the
role of consumption in relation to the demand for natural resources?
3. What symptoms and challenges distinguishes chronic hunger from starvation?
4. If you were to map the distribution of undernourishment and the agricultural labour force alongside outcomes for the human development index, what are three generalizations you could make about Africa, South America and south and southeast Asia?
5. What are six factors in the geopolitics of excess?6. Describe and explain the spatial distribution of obesity in
the OECD.7. What might be one explanation for the correlation
between falling grain stocks and increased meat production?
8. Why is it difficult to manage the capture of wild fish stocks?9. When were the three agricultural revolutions and what
main characteristics distinguishes each?10. Explain how horizontal and vertical integration affect food
production.Man thinking
Learning ObjectivesModule 5 Lecture 3Be able to:• explain the key characteristics of
urbanization and its spatial variation across core, semi-periphery and periphery
• describe the symptoms of unsustainable development in relation to urbanization
• summarize the main components of Agenda 21’s program for sustainable human settlements
• explain how particular innovations in bio/technical nutrients [after McDonough] may aid sustainable urban development
KGA171• demonstrate knowledge of
geographical concepts, earth and social systems and spatial patterns of change
• create and interpret basic maps, graphs and field data
• identify and analyse different viewpoints to contribute to debates about global development
• communicate in reflective and academic writing, referencing literature when needed
Textbook Reading Bergman and Renwick (2008) Chapter 10 – read the
introduction and summary, examine headings and sub-headings, carefully look at illustrations and data, and skim read text.
Cohen, B. (2006) Urbanization in developing countries: current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability, Technology in Society 28, pp.63-80.
United Nations (2008) World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 revision.
Critical reading1.What is the author’s purpose?2.What key questions or problems does the author raise?3.What information, data and evidence does the author present?4.What key concepts does the author use to organize this information, this evidence?5.What key conclusions is the author coming to? Are those conclusions justified? 6.What are the author’s primary assumptions?7.What viewpoints is the author writing from?8.What are the implications of the author’s reasoning?[from Foundation for Critical Thinking] Man reading a book
DEFINING AND EVALUATING THE MERITS OF THE CITY
Part 2
Alienation or identification?
The Genius of the City
Community
Innovation
Generalised trust
Exchange
Mobility
Resources
URBANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE MODERN WORLD SYSTEM
Part 3
Knox, P. & Marston, S. (2004) p.400
Mapping influences
Welwyn Garden City, UK
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Trends in Global Urbanization
Knox, P. & Marston, S. (2004) Places and Regions in a Global Context, 3rd edition Pearson, New Jersey, p.388
UN 2008
0.7 bn
3.3 bneach
6.4 bn
2.8 bn1.8 bn
Trends in Global Urbanization
Knox, P. & Marston, S. (2004) p.389
UN 2008
2019
2007(semi) Periphery : 44% urban
Core: 74% urban
67%
86%
São Paulo – pop. 19 million
Brazil% of urban population
1950 36.2
197055.8
199074.8
201086.5
2030 91.1
205093.6
UN, 2008
Global cities
• Corporate headquarters• Significant financial capacity• Stock market indices• Financial services provision, banks• Personal wealth• Numbers of billionaires• Political clout• Host for international organizations • Political status as municipality for
several million people• Diverse demographic and population
characteristics• Advanced infrastructural
characteristics
• Significant areas exhibiting high or low quality of life
• Expatriate communities• Presence of renowned cultural
institutions, events, activities and personalities
• Influential media organizations with global reach
• Strong sporting organizations with major facilities
• Major educational and research and development facilities
• Major tourism destinations• Advanced health facilities
17th Century (mercantile capitalism)
AmsterdamAntwerpGenoaLisbonLondon Venice
19th Century (industrial capitalism)
AmsterdamBerlin ChicagoLisbon LondonManchesterNew YorkParisRomeSt PetersburgVienna
World cities and the modern world system
20th Century (corporate capitalism)
ChicagoFrankfurtHong KongLondonLos AngelesMilanNew YorkParisSingaporeTokyo
The majority of urbanites live in small citiesCity Size as a % of urban population
UN 2008
City size millions
1975 2007 2025
>10 4 9 10
5-10 8 7 7
1-5 21 23 23
½-1 11 10 9
<½ 57 52 51
Problems of unsustainable development in citiesFavela, Sao Paulo
ALTERNATIVE FUTURES Part 4
Agenda 21 Chapter 7How to imagine and represent new visions for the planet?
Beyond international diplomacy
