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ANALYSIS OF ISOLATED MULTI-PORT CONVERTER FOR INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES BY USING SIMULATION SOFTWARE
1C.Anuradha,
2N.Chellammal,
3M.B.S Aditya,
4P.SairamKarthik
1Assistant.Prof, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University.
2Associate.Prof, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University 3,4
UG student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University.
Abstract: In this paper, a new multi-port isolated SEPIC
converter is analyzed for integrating with the renewable
energy sources. This multi-port SEPIC converter
provides the highest energy efficiency by utilizing only a
single power stage. In this proposed structure, for input
side a combination of Pulsating Voltage Cells (PVC) and
Pulsating Voltage Source Cell (PVSC) are used. For
output side, Pulsating Voltage Load Cell (PVLC) is used.
Each PVSC connects with a common PVLC through a
coupling capacitor, forming a complete SEPIC structure.
It has two topologies, they are unidirectional and
bidirectional. Thus, the SEPIC converter reduces the
steady state error and maximum overshoot to zero. This
multi-port SEPIC converter treats the whole system as a
single-stage converter, and promises higher energy
efficiency.
Keywords: DC/DC converter, Pulsating voltage source
cell (PVSC), Pulsating Voltage Load Cell (PVLC).
1. Introduction
Nowadays the usage of power has increased day-by- day;
however, the source of power is inadequate. Many micro
sources such as batteries, fuel cells and PV [1-5], find
extensive application in the case of distributed
generation. Three-Port DC/DC converter is highly
suitable for standalone PV system applications. Three-
Port converter has advantages such as less component
count, lower cost, higher reliability and fewer conversion
stages [6][7]. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) scheme is
applied to the Three-Port converter based on power
relations among three ports. DC/DC converter works in
all operating modes and can easily switch between
dissimilar modes, so that it has extra advantages such as
high efficiency, higher flexibility, reliability and lower
cost [8]-[9]. InCuk and SEPIC converter, the input
current is continuous. While, in Buck-Boost converter the
input current is not continuous. This leads to an
advantage in better power factor. Another advantage of
SEPIC converter is that it has non-inverting output,
unlike, in Cuk converter and Buck-Boost converter. By
this configuration, two sources can supply the load
separately or simultaneously, depending on the
availability of the sources. The embedded nature of this
converter is that additional input filters are not required
or mandatory to filter out high frequency harmonics, as
CUK and SEPIC converters can filter out harmonic
contents in a better way and can produce efficient outputs
[10].A SEPIC converter for higher power and higher gain
application has been proposed in this paper. For
relatively higher power applications, people prefer the
use of interleaved Fly-back converter structures[1].The
Multi-port converter(MPC) is triggered by
interconnecting multiple PVCs through DLIs. [12].Power
is generated by using a few renewable resources such as
solar, wind and so on. [13].Traditionally, renewable
energy source is connected to the load through using DC-
DC converter. There are five main types of DC-DC
converters. They are: Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Cuk and
SEPIC converter.[14].
The MPC is generated by interconnecting
multiple PVCs through DLIs. PVCs can be of input,
output and bidirectional type. As a result, a family of
unique MPCs including multi-input converters, and
bidirectional MPCs, are derived [15]. MPCs have
attracted research interest recently with the rapid
development of renewable power systems, electric
vehicles, and DC distribution power systems, where
multiple renewable sources, storages and loads are
connected together. Compared to the conventional
approach that employs multiple two-port (either
unidirectional or bidirectional) converters, a MPC treats
the whole system as a single-power converter and
promises higher energy efficiency by utilizing only a
single power stage [16]–[20].
This paper is organized as follows. In Section II,
derivation of three-port isolated SEPIC converter and the
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 116 No. 23 2017, 471-482ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu
471
topology are proposed in detail. In Section III, Steady
state analysis of Three-Port isolated Unidirectional
SEPIC converter were proposed. In Section IV three-
Port Bi-directional isolated SEPIC converter and small
ripple approximation of both the topologies were
proposed. In Section V simulation results are discussed in
detail in both the topologies.
2. Derivation of Three-Port Isolated SEPIC
Converter
2.1 Basic Idea for derivation of Multi-Port SEPIC
Converter
Many isolated Three-Port- DC-DC converters have been
presented with different control and modulation methods.
Some of them use only one inductor resulting in small
sizes and further improvement of the power density,
while others use two or three inductors. Since most of
these converters are derived based on the traditional
Boost, Buck, and Buck-Boost converters, the benefits of
these converters are limited. To overcome this limitation,
some Three-PortDC-DC converters.
Figure 1. Generalized diagram of n-ports SEPIC
converter
In the multiport method, a single controller is used
for multiple inputs and output ports. In this multi-port
DC-DC power converter, there will be fewer power
components, which implies that expense of the power
converter will be lower than that of the conventional
converter. Due to the presence of transformer in the
circuit electric confinement is accessible, which is
essential for safety. With the turn proportion of the
transformer in certain topologies, it will be more
effective to coordinate diverse renewable energy sources
of distinctive voltage levels.
2.2 SEPIC Converter
In SEPIC converter, when the pulse is high, the switch S
on the input voltage, charges the inductor L1, and the
capacitor C1 charges the inductor L2. The diode D is
reverse biased, and the capacitor C2maintains the output.
When the pulse is low, the switch S is off, the inductors
discharge through the diode to the load, and charges the
capacitors. Increase in duty cycle charges the inductor
longer, due to which more output voltage is available
across the load. The converter is assumed to be loss-less
with less switching ripples. The link between input and
output voltage can be obtained both in Continuous
Conduction Mode (CCM) and in Discontinuous
Conduction Mode (DCM). CCM is preferable for higher
efficiency and excellent utilization of passive
components and converter switches. Therefore, the
converter was designed to operate in CCM. For
continuous load current, the load voltage V0 can be
obtained from equation. no.1.
������� = ��
� (1)
Figure 2. Circuit Diagram of SEPIC Converter
2.3 Three-Port Unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC
Converter(Topology-1)
In this paper, four ports (two input ports and two output
ports) SEPIC/SEPIC isolated converters are proposed. In
topology 1, if both the sources are renewable dc source
for example solar PV and fuel cell (FC) then the
converter works as unidirectional converter as the energy
flows from sources to load. When its output inductor is
replaced by coupled inductors, further flexibility is
achieved in the multiple-input isolated single ended
primary inductor converter (MIISEPIC) thanks to its
wider voltage transfer ratio ranges. With the coupled-
inductors, an MIISEPIC can possibly generate a high
output voltage that matches the utility voltage level from
low voltage distributed generation systems.
Table.1 shows the comparison of components used
in proposed ‘n’ port isolated SEPIC/SEPIC multiport
converter and conventional multiple input port converter.
Here ‘n’ port refers to (n-1) number of source and one
output port.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
472
Table 1. Comparison of components of multi
SEPIC/SEPIC converter and multiple input SEPIC
converter
Components
n port
SEPIC/SEPIC
converter
(n-1)
SEPIC
converter
Capacitors n 2(n-1)
Inductors n 2(n-1)
Diode 1 n-1
Switch n-1 n-1
Figure 3. Three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC
converter
2.4 Unidirectional power flow with two separate
sources
Let us consider two separate sources (PV
having different value of voltages V1 and V
use the sources effectively, the two sources operate at
different duty cycle. The source with higher value,
operate for lower duty cycle and the source with lesser
value, operate for higher duty cycle. Assuming V
and D1< D2.
D1 and D2 are the respective duty cycles for source 1 and
source 2.
3. Modes of operation
The operation is categorized in three modes as shown in
Figure.4
Comparison of components of multi-port
SEPIC/SEPIC converter and multiple input SEPIC
1) individual
SEPIC
converter
1)
1)
Three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC
Unidirectional power flow with two separate
two separate sources (PV and Fuel cell)
and V2. In order to
use the sources effectively, the two sources operate at
different duty cycle. The source with higher value,
operate for lower duty cycle and the source with lesser
higher duty cycle. Assuming V1> V2
are the respective duty cycles for source 1 and
The operation is categorized in three modes as shown in
Figure 4. Modes of operation of three port
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
Where Deff is the effective duty of source 2, D
D1, and DD is the duty for which diode conducts, D
– D2.
Mode 1: S1 and S2 ON, only S1
In this mode although both S1
conducts as the voltage on the dc blocking capacitor C
greater than the voltage on C2
starts charging. C1, which is assumed to be pre
discharges through the S1. L2 and C
LM is discharged through C1. At the load side, capacitor C
supplies the output.
Figure 5. Mode 1 of three port unidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
Mode 2: S1 OFF and S2 ON
Once the switch S1 is open S
conducting. The direction of flow of current is as shown
in the Figure below. Here C1 and L
Output voltage is maintained by the load side capacitor,
C and the diode is reverse biased.
Modes of operation of three port unidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
is the effective duty of source 2, Deff = D2 –
is the duty for which diode conducts, DD = 1
conducts
and S2 are on but S1only
conducts as the voltage on the dc blocking capacitor C1 is
2. When S1 is closed, L1
which is assumed to be pre-charged,
and C2 are charged by V2.
t the load side, capacitor C
Mode 1 of three port unidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
is open S2 automatically starts
conducting. The direction of flow of current is as shown
and L1 are charged by V1.
Output voltage is maintained by the load side capacitor,
C and the diode is reverse biased.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
473
Figure 6. Mode 2 of three port unidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
Mode 3: S1 and S2 OFF, D conducts
When both the switches are off then the diode becomes
forward biased and behaves as short circuit. The
inductors L1 and L2 discharge thus charging C
respectively. LM also discharges through the load as
shown in figure.7.
Figure 7. Mode 3 of three port unidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
4. Steady state analysis of three port unidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
Let us consider
1i = Current through 1L
2i = Current through 2L
LMi = Current through ML
C1V = Voltage through 1C
C2V = Voltage through 2C
CV = Voltage through C
While doing the analysis the voltage and current
ripples are assumed to be negligible. Writing the steady
state equations of the voltages and currents
Mode 1
ort unidirectional
When both the switches are off then the diode becomes
forward biased and behaves as short circuit. The
discharge thus charging C1 and C2
also discharges through the load as
Mode 3 of three port unidirectional
of three port unidirectional
While doing the analysis the voltage and current
to be negligible. Writing the steady
currents-
1L1
1 V dt
di L =
C1C22L2
2 V V V dt
di L +−=
C1LM
M V dt
di L =
)i (i dt
dV C L2LM
C11 +−=
L2C2
2 i dt
dV C =
R
V
dt
dV C CC
−=
Mode 2
C2C11L1
1 V V V dt
di L +−=
2L2
2 V dt
di L =
C2LM
M V dt
di L =
L1C1
1 i dt
dV C =
)i (i dt
dV C L1LM
C22 +−=
R
V
dt
dV C CC
−=
Mode 3
CC11L1
1 nV V V dt
di L −−=
CC22L2
2 nV V V dt
di L −−=
CLM
M Vn dt
di L −=
L1C1
1 i dt
dV C =
L2C2
2 i dt
dV C =
V)i i (in
dt
dV C LML2L1
C−++=
Now simplifying the equations from
rewriting again
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
R
VC (19)
implifying the equations from 1 to 19 and
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
474
C1effC1C21L1
1 (V D )V (V V dt
di L −−+=
(20)
C21C1C22L2
2 nV (V D )V (V V dt
di L +−−−=
DCeffC21C1LM
M D nV D V D V dt
di L −+=
)D (1 i D )i (i dt
dV C 1L11L2LM
C11 −++−=
effL1LML2effC2
2 D )i (i i )D (1 dt
dV C +−−=
DLML2L1CC D)i i (in
R
V
dt
dV C +++−=
At the steady state assuming
VV ,dt
di L
dt
di L
dt
di L C1
LMM
L22
L11 ===
dt
dV C
dt
dV C
dt
dV C and C1
1C2
2C1
1 ==
So CeffC21C1LM
M D nV D V D V dt
di L −+=
Putting the steady state assumption in the above
equation then the output voltage will become given in the
equation.no.26.
)D(1n
V D VDVV
2
2eff11OC
−
+== (2
The equation.no.26 represents the output voltage
expression of three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC
converter. On solving the steady state equations (
(25) by taking the left hand side as zero,
variables can be derived (iL1, iL2, iLM, VC1, V
RDn
DVIi
D
1O1L1 == (2
RDn
DVIi
D
effO2L2 == (2
Rn
VIi O
3LM == (2
1C1 VV = (30
2C2 VV = (3
O\C VV = (3
5. Three- port Bi-directional SEPIC/SEPIC
Converter(Topology- 2)
If one source is renewable dc source and other one is
battery then the circuit is called bi-direction
DCC1 )DnV +
DC )DnV (21)
(22)
(23)
eff (24)
(25)
VV ,V 2C21 =
DD
Putting the steady state assumption in the above
then the output voltage will become given in the
26)
represents the output voltage
three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC
ng the steady state equations (20) to
s zero, the six state
, VC2 and VC).
27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
31)
32)
SEPIC/SEPIC
If one source is renewable dc source and other one is
directional converter
as shown in Figure 3. Here if the source voltage is
greater than the battery voltage then the battery starts
charging through the other source. When the battery is
charged to a pre-set value then the whole structure acts as
a normal multiport SEPIC/SEPIC converter.
Figure 8. Three port bidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC
converter
Here there are two cases:
a. V < E, Discharging condition (Here both S
work and battery discharges)
b. V > E, Charging condition (Here S
and battery gets charged by the source V)
A. Discharging period
In this mode S1 and S2 operate for a duty cycle of D
respectively. The working principle of this mode is same
as the Multi input single output SEPIC/SEPIC converter.
Figure 9. Modes of operation of three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter (discharging)
Assuming D1 > D2, the output voltage equation is given
by,
)D(1n
V D EDVV
1
eff2OC
−
+==
B. Charging period
Here if the source voltage is
greater than the battery voltage then the battery starts
charging through the other source. When the battery is
set value then the whole structure acts as
a normal multiport SEPIC/SEPIC converter.
Three port bidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC
converter
V < E, Discharging condition (Here both S1 and S2
V > E, Charging condition (Here S2 remains off
battery gets charged by the source V)
operate for a duty cycle of D1, D2
respectively. The working principle of this mode is same
as the Multi input single output SEPIC/SEPIC converter.
Modes of operation of three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter (discharging)
the output voltage equation is given
(33)
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
475
When the battery voltage is less than the source voltage
and the charge across the battery is less than a pre
defined value, battery starts charging. S2
state throughout the charging period.
Figure 10. Modes of operation of three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter (charging)
Mode 1 (S2 is always in off state)
In this mode S1conducts for a period of D1
through the switch S1and the stored energy charges the
capacitor C2 and inductor LM. The inductor, L
pre-charged discharges through the anti-
present across S2 thus charges the battery and the
capacitor C2. At the output side the diode is reverse
biased so the constant output voltage is maintained by the
load capacitor C.
Figure.11 Mode 1 of three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
Mode 2
In this mode both S1and S2 are in open state for a period
of 1‒D. The energy stored in the inductor L
through the capacitor C1 and charges it. The capacitor
which was getting charged in the previous cycle
discharges through the inductor L2 and charges the
battery. Inductor LM discharges through the load and
makes the diode forward biased.
When the battery voltage is less than the source voltage
and the charge across the battery is less than a pre-
remains in off
Modes of operation of three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter (charging)
1.C1 discharges
and the stored energy charges the
. The inductor, L2 which is
-parallel diode
thus charges the battery and the
. At the output side the diode is reverse
biased so the constant output voltage is maintained by the
Mode 1 of three port bidirectional
are in open state for a period
D. The energy stored in the inductor L1 discharges
and charges it. The capacitor
which was getting charged in the previous cycle
and charges the
discharges through the load and
Figure 12. Mode 2 of three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
C. Steady state analysis of three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
Neglecting the voltage and current
steady state equations of the voltages and currents
Mode 1
V dt
di L L1
1 =
E dt
di L L2
2 −=
C1LM
M V dt
di L =
)i (i dt
dV C L2LM
C11 +−=
)i (i dt
dV C L1LM
C22 +−=
R
V
dt
dV C CC
−=
Mode 2
CC1L1
1 nVVV dt
di L −−=
CC2
L2
2 nVEV dt
di L −−=
CLM
M nV dt
di L −=
L1C1
1 i dt
dV C =
L2C2
2 i dt
dV C =
R
V)ii(in
dt
dV C L2LL1
C−−+=
Mode 2 of three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
of three port bidirectional
Neglecting the voltage and current ripples and writing the
steady state equations of the voltages and currents
(34)
(35)
(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
R
VC (45)
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
476
D. Small Ripple Approximation of Multi-Port
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
As the parameters used in both three port unidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter and three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC are same so only topology 1 is considered
for the calculation of those parameters. Here the current
ripples through the inductors are assumed to be 05 Amp
and the voltage ripples through the capacitors are
assumed to be 0.5 v.
From these assumptions the optimised values of L1. L2,
L, C1, C2, C have been calculated. Let us Consider three
modes (i.e. D1, Deff and DD) operating for t1, t2 and t3
period respectively.
Here assuming TDtDeffT,tT,Dt D3211 ===
In mode-1, the inductor L1current increases from a low
level to high level, say IL11 to IL12and in the next two
modes, and then it current falls from IL12 to IL11.So the
current ripple is considered to be L11L121L II∆I −=.
Figure 13. Inductor current and capacitor voltage
for source-1
1L1
1 Vdt
diL =
1
21
L11 V
tt
iL =
+
∆
1
321
1LL
)t(tVi
+=
1
211
L f
DVI =
1
211
I f
DVL = (46)
Where T
1f =
Similarly the voltage ripples can be assumed for
capacitor voltage. The capacitor voltageC1, decreases
from a high level, say VC12 to low level VC11during the
period t3. So the voltage ripple is considered to be
C11C121C VV∆V −=
∫∫++
==
3232 tt
O
1
1
tt
O
L1
1
C1 dtIC
1dti
C
1∆V
∆V f
)D(DIC
C1
Deff11
+= (47)
The inductor L2 current increases from a low level to
high level, say IL21 to IL22 and then it current falls from
IL22 to IL21.So the current ripple is considered to be
L21L222L II∆I −=
Figure 14. Inductor current and capacitor
voltage for source-2
22
2 Vdt
diLL =
2
212
2LL
)t(tVi
+=
2
222
L f
DVI =
2
222
I f
DVL = (48)
The capacitor C2, voltage decreases fromVC22
toVC21in the period. So the voltage ripple is considered to
be C21C22C2 VV∆V −=
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
477
∫∫++
==
1313 tt
O
2
2
tt
O
L2
2
C2 dtIC
1dti
C
1∆V
C2
eff22
∆V f
)D(1IC
−= (49)
The output side inductor L discharges from a
high value to low value say IL2 to IL1during the period t3.
The ripple is ∆ IL = IL2 – IL1.
Figure 15. Output side inductor current and
capacitor voltage
CLM nV
dt
di L −=
C
3
L nVt
∆iL −=−
L
ntV∆i 3C
L =
L
3C
∆i
ntVL =
L
2C
∆i f
)nD(1VL
−=
L
eff211
∆i f
DV DVL
+= (50)
The output side capacitor C, charges from a low
value say VC1 to high value to VC2during the period t3.
Here the ripple is ∆VC = VC2 – VC1.
∫+
−=−
21 tt
O
CC dt
R
V
C
1∆V
2
2C
eff211 D)fD(1n R∆V
DV DVC
−
+= (51)
Let us consider the ripple in the current across
the inductors is 0.5 amp and ripple in the voltage across
the capacitor is 0.5v. Assuming D1=40%, D2=70%,
V1=25v, V2=15v the circuit parameters obtained are
shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Circuit parameters of three port SEPIC/SEPIC
converter
Components Circuit parameter
values
L1 700µH
L2 420 µH
L 540 µH
C1 159.46 µF
C2 182.328 µF
6. Simulations and Results
In three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC converter the
sources 1 and 2 are of 25 V and 15 V respectively.
Switch 1 and switch 2 are given a pulse width of 40%
and & 70%. From the simulation the output voltage of 95
V is obtained is shown in the fig.30.The current and
voltages through the inductors and capacitors for sources
1 and 2 are shown in fig.29.In three port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC convertersource1is 15 V and source2 is
battery voltage of 25 V with the state of charge of the
battery is 80%in the discharging condition. As the
voltage magnitude of battery is more than the
source1voltage the battery discharges. A constant output
voltage of 120 V is obtained for a duty cycle of 70%
shown in figure 30and31.
For the charging casesource1 is 25 V and the
voltage of battery is 15 V with the state of charge of the
battery is 20%. As the voltage magnitude of battery is
less than the supply voltage the battery charges. A
constant output voltage of 68 V is obtained for a duty
cycle of 70%. From the state of charge of the battery it
can be concluded that the battery is charging by the other
source shown in fig.32 and 33.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
478
Figure 16. Output voltage and current waveforms of
three port Uni-directional SEPIC/SEPIC converter
Figure 17. Waveforms of voltage and current of
components of source1 and source 2
Case-1 (Discharging)Three- port bidirectional
SEPIC/SEPIC converter
Figure 18. Output voltage and current waveforms of
Three- port bidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC converter
Figure 19. State of charge, battery current and
battery voltage
Case-2 (Charging)
Figure 20. Output voltage and current waveforms of
three port bidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC converter
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
479
Figure 21. State of charge, battery current and
battery voltage
Table 3. Simulated and estimated value of output
voltage for different set of supplies in three port
unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC converter
V1 V2 D1 D2 Vo
(simulated)
Vo
(est)
24 12 30 70 78 80
30 15 30 60 64 67.5
25 20 30 50 43.3 46
30 20 40 70 117.5 120
36 24 40 60 95 96
7. Conclusion
Multiple energy sources can be connected to the system
with a lot of flexibilities and compactness. Further
flexibility is achieved by connecting a battery system to
provide uninterrupted power supply. The charging and
discharging of the battery can be controlled, and the
system efficiency can be improved. The simulation
results have been provided to show the effectiveness of
the system and are compared with the results obtained
from the mathematical analysis.
References
[1] C. L. Chen, Y. W, J. S. Lai, Y. S. Lee, and D.
Martin, “Design of Parallel Inverters for Smooth Mode
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