Analyze the causes of growing opposition to slavery in the United States from

1776 to 1852. In your response, consider both underlying forces and specific events

that contributed to the growing opposition.

What doesn’t belong?• Industrial revolution

• Potato famine

• Rise of Cotton Kingdoms

What doesn’t belong?• Nativist• Anti-Catholic• Temperance

Movement

What doesn’t belong?• End of slavery• Shifting economy from

cotton to industry• Transportation

innovations

Background• Johnson sucked

• Black codes• South govt. = same• Republicans ticked off = Radical Republicans• Win the House and Senate can pass bills over Pres. Veto

• Congressional Reconstruction• 14th Amendment = all born in US are Citizens • Civil Rights Bill = citizens get equality before the law

• eliminate black codes; contracts, lawsuits, juries, protection of property

• Reconstruction Act – 5 military districts, new state govt., black men can vote

• Discussed w/ Johnson, put Republicans in South, keep Confederates out of office

• Radical Reconstruction• Calls for impeachment

• Grant Elected in a slim margin• 15th Amendment = citizens can vote regardless of race• 1870 – all states readmitted w/ new constitutions, Republican Control,

large black representation

Tocsin Bell of Freedom• Biracial Democratic Democracy• Former Slaves• Political organizations

• The Union League• Strikes & Sit-ins

• Reform• Equal citizenship, registering to voting, higher

wages• Public Education• Penitentiaries, orphan asylums, homes for the

insane• Abolished antebellum era practices

• Whipping• Property qualifications• Imprisoned for debt

Black Office Holders• 2,000

• 14 House of Representatives• 2 Senate (Mississippi)

• Only 4 since, Obama was one• Community leaders

• Judge, sheriff, tax collector, policemen• Enforced fairness

• Ministers, teachers, skilled craftsmen, Union organizers

• Who were they?• Those that never experienced slavery

• Wealthier and better educated• Reconstruction officials from the North

• Former Slaves• Majority• Served in the Union Army

White office Holders in the South• Carpetbaggers

• Northerners• Packed all their belongings in a suitcase and

to reap the spoils of office in the South• Former union solders that remained in the

South• Investors on RR• Teachers, Freedmen’s Bureau officers

• Scallywags• Born in the South

• Traitors to their race and region• Non Slave owning white farmers

• Unionist• Laws for protecting small property

• Laborers and sharecroppers have dips over merchants the landowner is in debt to

Quest For Prosperity

• Look toward the Railroads• Attract Northern manufacturers

through tax reductions• West also had opportunities

• Colonial Elite excluded from politics• Poor Whites, Newcomers from the

North, former slaves• Vote, juries, enacted and

administered laws

Reconstruction Opponents

• Who• Traditional leaders, planters,

merchants, Democratic Politicians.

• Why• Raising taxes for infrastructure• Poor still poor• Racist

• Views• White supremacy• Corrupt and inefficient

“A Reign of Terror”• Before Republicans = openly racist and

cruel• During = Secret Societies

• KKK – Militant arm of Democratic Party• Prevent voting, destroy Republican Party by

assassinating local leaders• Terrorist organization• Planters, merchants, and Democratic Politicians• York County, S.C. = entire white male pop

• 11 murders 100s of whippings• Colfax, LA = cannon – 100s of former slaves

• Grant’s Response• Enforcement Acts = outlawing terrorist

societies and allowing army against them• Arrested 100s of Klansmen – public trials

• Numbers never reached that scale again

The Liberal Republicans

• Many Radicals died by 1870 – Thaddeus Stevens

• Less commitment to equal rights• South should solve their own problems• They have the tools let them build their society

• Corruption w/in administration• Felt Federal govt. became too powerful• Trumbull = Founder – Liberal Republicans

• Greenly for President• Manipulated votes of immigrants, men of talent and

education were pushed aside• linked up with Democrats• Call for end of Reconstruction

The North’s Retreat

• Racism in the North with reconstruction emerges

• Political corruption, governmental extravagance, “Negro Government”

• Explanation for the alleged failure of the Reconstruction

• 1873 Depression• South got hit the worst• North needs to concentrate on the

North• 1874 Elections

• Democrats take control of the House• Court took away Enforcement Acts

Triumph of the Redeemers

• Redeem South from corruption, misgovernment, and northern black control

• Violence starts up again openly against Republicans

• Grant – northern public is “tired out” by southern problems

• Drove former slaves from voting • Armed men, murders, violence• Democratic victories = end of

Reconstruction

The Disputed Election and Bargain of 1877

• Close call in election Hayes (Rep.) vs. Tilden (Dem.)

• Electoral commissions favors Hayes• Bargain

• Hayes• recognize Democratic control of entire South• Avoid further intervention in local affairs• Place a Southerner in a cabinet position to help with RR

• South• Recognize Hayes’ position• Respect civil and political rights of blacks (Never happened)

• Hayes orders federal troops out of Louisiana and South Carolina

End of Reconstruction

• Reconstruction – Republicans controlled the South, blacks exercised significant political power, fed. Govt. Accepted responsibility for protecting individual rights to all citizens

• A century until Civil Rights gets acted upon again

• Strengthened idea that free citizens could be a poor depended laborer