ANALYZING THE DRUG SAFETY ISSUE IN

SUSHRUTA SAMHITA : A CRITICAL REVIEW

Shashi Gupta*, Rabinarayan Acharya**

PURPOSE

Herbal formulations being widely accepted therapeutic agents asantidiabetics, antiarthritics, hepatoprotectives, cough remedies,memory enhancers, and adaptogens.

The commonest myth regarding herbal medicines is that thesemedicines are completely safe, and can therefore be safely consumed bythe patient on his/her own, without a physician’s prescription.

This belief has led to large-scale self-medication by people all over theworld, often leading to disappointing end-results, side-effects, orunwanted after-effects.

There is an increasing awareness at several levels of the need todevelope pharmacovigilance practices for herbal medicines.

Recently, its purview has been widened to include herbal, traditionaland complementary medicines, with the goal to comprehensivelydetect, assess, understand with the unanimous goal of preventingoccurrence of adverse effects in those individuals undergoing therapy.

The present paper is an attempt to emphasize the pharmaco-vigilantaspects of certain drugs of herbal origin documented in SushrutaSamhita.

Materials and Method

In the present review, All the six Sthanas (divisions) ofSushruta samhita have been reviewed thoroughly andinformation pertaining to pharmacovigilance aspects of drugs,diets and procedures have been noted, analyzed &presented in a structured format.

Results And Discussions

After thorough review of All the six Sthanas ( divisions) of Sushrutasamhita, 700 medicinal plants, 64 preparation from mineral sourcesand 57 preparation based on animal sources were found, Among them,81 were found to be responsible for Vata Prakopa ,69 for Pitta Prakopa,76 for Kapha Prokapa , 5 Rakta Prakopa , 41 Tridosha Prakopa .Dravyasa having effect on Dosha:

V-Prakopak P-Prakopaka K-Prakopak R-prakopak T-Prakopak

Shuska Saka Dala madhu Masa Pautika Madhu Ama Madhu

Udalaka Atasi tail Godhuma Vanakulatha Kausumbha tail

Nivara Matsya Mansa Mulaka Sonita Sarsapa Lakucha phala

Vadava Dadhi Kakamachi Mahisa Dadhi Krishna Sarsapa MandaJataDadhi

Nadeya Jala Vapi Jala Amratak phala Nadi matsya Samudra Jala

Kalaya Palandu Adra pipali Navina madya

V-Prakopak P-Prakopaka K-Prakopak R-prakopak T-Prakopak

Suchipatra Tila Pauskara Phanita

Madwika Madya Madya Shastika chawal Sarshapa Saka

Ajamutra Gomutra Guda Gandira

Jamuna Baddha kesar Amrataka phala Pinyaka

Pratuda vargaPakshi

Hasti Mansa Kulinga Mansa Tilakalka

Yava Piluphala Shlesmtaka Sthunika

NaliSaka Sursa Visyandana Kohal

Vatak Pakva Vartaka Palal Bhedashi

Kumud kanda Surendra kanda Prithuka Pakwa bilwa

Lauha Karamarda Panasa Navadhanya

Nilapor Jambiri nimbu Pandu trapusa Sheeta jala

Rasa Dhatu Rakta Dhatu Meda Dhatu Sukra Dhatu

Ushna ,RukshaAtimatra sevan

Ati amla dadhi Madhura Dadhi Intake of AtimatraKatu,Amla,Ushna, Lavana rasa

Viruddha , Adhyasan,Ajeerna, Asatmyasevan

Vanakulattha Guda Kalinda

Sweta Sarsapa Audan(Dugdha Paka) Kohal

Patina matsya Chana

Kausumbha Tail

Dravayas Having Effect on Dhatus :

Sristavina mutra Manda jata dadhi ,Plava varga ,Sukla kaarkata

Badhavinamutra Karenu ghrita ,Vaidal varga ,SarshapSaka , Gandira ,Vegnaama

Varchavivardhan Hasti dadhi , Yava ,Sankha ,Kurma

Baddhavarcha Shaali Chawal ,Brihidhanya, Masura,Harenu,Sateena

Badhamutra Eksapha ghrita ,Jambu Sidhu ,Kudhanya,Venuyava ,Yava, Pratuda varga pakshi ,Khadagapisita ;Tila -Alpa mutra

Mutrala Ikshu ,Surasava , Raktashaali ,Bilesaya,Kulachar,Vidarikanda, Guda Panaka

Baddhavinamutramaruta Aswabala(MethiSaka)

Sweda Janana Varaha mansa

Dravyas having Effect on Mala,Mutra And Sweda :

AAbhisyanda Nadeya Jala,Anoopa Jala Mahisa Dugdha ,Ama Kshira

Madhura Dadhi ,Avika DadhiKiratikta,Madhavilata,Vibhitaka ,Nalikera ,Kola, AkshodaJivanti,Priyala, Karbudara, Suryavalli,Trapusa,Evaruka,Karkaruka,Kushmanda, Phanita , NavinaMadya

Vistambha Madhulika Sura ,Madhuka Sidhu ,Vaidala,AmratakaphalaLakuchaphala ,Phalguja ,Paushkara ,Pakva Bilwa AruskaraSrsapa Saka, Gandira , Vegnama , Vena Ankura ,VatakaBisha ,Shringataka ,KaserukaKanda(Sthoola,Surana,Mana),Audan(DugdhaPaka),Panak(Parushak,Kola), Mugdadi Vesvara ,Vaidalya Dhanya

Durjara Narangaphala, Bisha ,Madhumastaka ,Sanyava ,Pupa

Dravyasa Having Effect on Digestive System:

Vidahi Amla Rasa ,Katu Rasa ,Manda Jata Dadhi, PautikaMadhu,Suchipatra,Nilapora, Naipala, Dirghapatra,Yantra Ikshu,Madya ,Navina Madya, SimbiVarga,Vaidala ,Pakva Bilwa, Pistaka ,Virudha DhanyaTaila Padartha

Sangrahi Kashaya Rasa ,Purana Madhu, Vibhitaka Sidhu,Shastika,Kullatha ,Tila ,Ena Mriga ,Sugandhi HiranLava ,Titara Ama Kapittha,Sinchita Phala , MatulungaKesar,Bhavya, Pakva Tindika ,Jamuna ,Todanphala,Amatinduka ,Bakula ,Balabilva ,Chunchu SakaRajkshavak Saka

Sara Navina Madhu ,Draksha Madya, Sauviraka,Godhuma, Madhu Shigru, Tamra

Dravyas Having Effect on Digestive System:

Varjya dravya . Anupana varjya Tambula Varjya Nidana Karaka

Vrana , MadyaSevani Vrana ,Ritukala,Garbhini,BhagnaPrameha,Udara rogaSotha ,Pinasa,Jwara, andvarjya duringdifferent Ritus

Shwasa ,KasaUrdhwajatrugata Vikara ,KshataPraseka ,UphataSwara .

RukshaDaurbalyaAasya Sosha .

Kustha pramehaUdara rogaPlihodaraParistravi udaraDakodara ,MudhagarbhaAntaravidradhi ,Klaibya ,AtisaraHridrogaRaktapitta Krimi

Contra-indicative Condions or Contra-indications:

Sahaparvata jala Kustha

Vindhya Parvata jala Kustha,Pandu

Malaya Prabhav , Ikshu,makustha Krimi

Mahendra Prabhav Slipada

Himvata Prabhava Hridroga , Shotha ,Shlipada,Galaganda

Avanti , Avi Dadhi Arsha

Vadava Dadhi, Atasi tail ,Shimbivarga Achakshusya

Ingudi tail, kalinda Dristisukrabalapaham

Kausumbha tail Achakshusya ,Raktapittakrita

Dravyas acting on different organs or having pathetic conditions:

Pautika madhu ,Surasava,Maireya,Vibhitakaphala majja

Madakrita

Madhukapuspa phanita Bastidushnam

Kohal,Chana,Lakucha phala Pumsatvanasana

Navina Madya,Madhuka kusuma,Tikta Alabu Ahrida

Varuka ,Mukandaka Vishoshi

Vanakullatha,Nadi matsya Raktapittakrita

Pathina matsya Kustharoga,Nidrajanaka

Ama kapitha ;Abhya phala Swarhgna

Samiphala Kesanasana

Taila padarth Dristihgna,twakapradusana

Sukta,Arnala,Kulattha,Masa Netra roga

Antariksha jala Vishopamam

Atiyoga of Rasa

Madhura

Amla

Lavana

Katu

• Gatra Manya stambh , Akshepaka , Ardita , Sira Soola ,Bhrama

Tikta

Kashaya

Conclusion

After a critical analysis of the adverse effects of various drugsmentioned in Sushruta Samhita, it is found that a vivid idea ofpharmacovigilance was present even in the Sushruta period. Theseaspects do not rest only with medicines but also foodstuffs that areconsumed daily. The knowledge about potable water suggests thatthere was public health awareness too.

The present review reports contraindications, possible adverse effectson Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, on organ due to due to improper administrationeffect of certain drugs.

This review article will be beneficial for consideration ofPathyaapathya (dietary and behavioral regimen) that must beadopted in daily routine.

THANKS