Anatomy and the Anatomy and the Organ SystemsOrgan Systems

Anatomy – the study of Anatomy – the study of the the structure structure of an of an organismorganism

Recall… Animals are Recall… Animals are multicellular multicellular organisms with specialized cells grouped organisms with specialized cells grouped into into tissues.tissues. In most animals, tissues are In most animals, tissues are organized into organized into organs,organs, and the and the combination of organs make up the 11 combination of organs make up the 11 organ systemsorgan systems

CELLSCELLSTISSUESTISSUESORGANSORGANSORGAORGAN SYSTEMSN SYSTEMS

1) Muscular System1) Muscular System

Main components: Main components: Skeletal MusclesSkeletal Muscles

Main functions: Main functions: Movement and Movement and LocomotionLocomotion

2) Skeletal System2) Skeletal System

Main Components: Main Components: Skeleton (bones, Skeleton (bones, tendons, ligaments & tendons, ligaments & cartilage)cartilage)

Main Function: Body Main Function: Body support, protection of support, protection of internal organs internal organs

3) Digestive System3) Digestive System

Main Components: Main Components: Mouth, pharynx, Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, intestines, liver, pancreas & anuspancreas & anus

Main Functions: Main Functions: Food processing Food processing (ingestion, digestion, (ingestion, digestion, absorption & absorption & eliminationelimination

4) Circulatory System4) Circulatory System

Main Components: Main Components: Heart, blood vessels Heart, blood vessels (more later…) & (more later…) & bloodblood

Main Functions: Main Functions: Internal distribution Internal distribution of materials (i.e. of materials (i.e. oxygen, nutrients…)oxygen, nutrients…)

5) Respiratory System5) Respiratory System

Main Components: Main Components: Lungs, trachea, and Lungs, trachea, and other breathing tubesother breathing tubes

Main Functions: Gas Main Functions: Gas exchange (Oxygen exchange (Oxygen uptake and Carbon uptake and Carbon Dioxide disposal)Dioxide disposal)

6) Excretory System6) Excretory System

Main Components: Main Components: Kidneys, ureters, Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urinary bladder, and urethraurethra

Main Functions: Main Functions: Disposal of wastes Disposal of wastes (metabolic), and (metabolic), and regulation of some regulation of some blood characteristics blood characteristics (i.e. salt content)(i.e. salt content)

7) Immune/Lymphatic 7) Immune/Lymphatic SystemSystem

Main Components: Main Components: Bone marrow, lymph Bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, nodes, thymus, spleen, and white spleen, and white blood cellsblood cells

Main Functions: Main Functions: Body defenseBody defense

8) Nervous System8) Nervous System

Main Components: Main Components: Brain, spinal chord, Brain, spinal chord, nerves, and sensory nerves, and sensory organs (eyes, ears..)organs (eyes, ears..)

Main Functions: Main Functions: Coordination of body Coordination of body activities, stimulus activities, stimulus detection and detection and responsesresponses

9) Endocrine System9) Endocrine System

Main Components: Main Components: Pituitary, thyroid, Pituitary, thyroid, pancreas & other pancreas & other hormone secreting hormone secreting glandsglands

Main Functions: Main Functions: Coordination of body Coordination of body activities (i.e. activities (i.e. digestion, digestion, metabolism…)metabolism…)

10) Reproductive System10) Reproductive System Main Components: Main Components:

Ovaries, testes and Ovaries, testes and other sex organsother sex organs

Main Functions: Main Functions: ReproductionReproduction

11) Integumentary 11) Integumentary SystemSystem

Main Components: Main Components: Skin, hair, nails etc.Skin, hair, nails etc.

Main Functions: Main Functions: Protection against Protection against injury, infection, and injury, infection, and drying outdrying out